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Audience analysis is essential for creating successful messages across communication fields. The audience persona is an effective tool for understanding the characteristics and needs of a target audience. Through this unit activity, students experience the process of persona development, build skills in data collection and analysis, and gain in-depth understanding of a specific audience in preparation for subsequent messaging assignments. Courses: Strategic Communication, Public Relations, Content Marketing, Advertising, Public Speaking, Mass Communication, Social Media Communication, Mass Communication Research Methods. Objectives: Through this unit activity, students will be able to (1) apply the principles of audience persona development, (2) build skills in data collection and analysis, and (3) gain in-depth understanding of a core audience group as the basis for crafting effective messages.

The construction of a successful online collaboration between distinct cultural groups requires an informed cultural awareness. This is the exploration of such an online collaboration between American and Turkish Students. The focus of the shared student interaction was the concept of corporate social responsibility. As the concept is enacted differently in different cultures, this represented an ideal opportunity for topical student reflection and for cultural exploration. The approach utilized focused on relationship-building as a preface to content discussion based participant preferences suggested by relevant cultural research (e.g., Hofstede). Corporate social responsibility campaigns in the United States and Turkey focused on domestic violence were considered with an eye toward the distinctions between each. Results suggest positive student outcomes emerged from this approach. Implications for intercultural online learning and diversification of public relations curricula are considered.

Using citation analysis, this study identifies the most relevant journals in communication studies. The study analyzes citations from a representative list of 116 journals from subject areas within communication studies over a 30-year period and addresses research interests throughout the discipline. Results indicate that most journals cited in the literature were outside communication studies. This study provides an inclusive picture of where communication studies research is published by detailing the most-cited journals and provides evidence-based recommendations for collection management.

Reviews of editorial practices and academic studies have shown that journalists often rely on organization websites--and online newsrooms in particular--to inform news stories. Yet, at a time when many academics are called upon as experts by the media, university newsrooms have been ignored. To fill this gap, this study assesses newsrooms of universities to determine whether they are providing adequate resources to cover the institution or identify experts. Previous research demonstrated higher ranked Fortune 500 companies have more comprehensive newsrooms, potentially putting them at an advantage when it comes to news coverage. To better understand whether disparities exist among the top US institutions, this study features a content analysis of the newsrooms of the top 202 universities ranked by "U.S. News & World Report." Findings show that although higher ranked universities typically feature more comprehensive newsrooms, universities at all levels are missing opportunities to provide journalists with information necessary to cover the university, thus limiting visibility to outside stakeholders. The most common features were internally written news stories and links to social media. Resources specifically for journalists were less common. Assessing newsrooms is valuable because they influence media coverage, which can improve credibility and perceived external prestige.

This paper describes efforts by the author to engage and motivate students in undergraduate research by giving them a large audience and engaging the media in disseminating their work. I provide an introduction to public relations from the point of view of a mathematics professor, and describe some lessons I have learned in my own attempts to engage newsprint, radio, and television sources in stories about undergraduate research in mathematics. After describing some partially successful early attempts, the paper discusses a recent event in which undergraduate research in mathematics became, briefly, a "hot news item" in Central Washington. The paper concludes with some thoughts about the benefits of this type of work to our students and our profession.

National survey of college mass communication students (N = 247) analyzed attitudes on the teaching of print and electronic media skills, using journalism students as comparison group. Previous research had not explored strategic communication student responses to convergence. Found identity variables within public relations (PR) field related to preference for web skills, as well as other strategic communication skills, but no such link among advertising students. Advertising students were most open to web skills overall, and PR students least.

Purpose: Previous studies have documented that exposure to stereotypical information about certain social groups leads to unfavorable perceptions and feelings toward that group. Integrating insights from the mental illness stigma and the social identity perspective literatures, the purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of eating disorder public service announcements (ED PSAs) that employ stigma formats through the lenses of the stereotype content model (SCM) and the Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes (BIAS) Map. Design/methodology/approach: The study followed an experimental control group design. Participants were exposed to either a stigmatizing or a non-stigmatizing PSA. Findings: Exposure to the stigmatizing PSA resulted in lower perceptions of warmth and competence being attributed to people who have an ED which further predicted greater feelings of contempt toward these individuals. The stigmatizing PSA also directly predicted greater feelings of contempt. Practical implications: The findings suggest that using stereotypes about EDs in PSAs aimed at preventing such diseases may elicit perceptions of low warmth and competence, further associated with increased feelings of contempt toward people who have an ED in healthy individuals. Social implications: The stereotyping effects of PSAs may reduce the social and emotional support that people with EDs receive and may exacerbate their emotional distress. Originality/value: From a theoretical point of view, these results extend the understanding of mental illness stereotypes from an intergroup, SCM and BIAS Map perspective as it applies to EDs. More importantly, this study draws attention to possible unintended consequences of PSAs, a matter that is rarely researched, but that can have severe implications.

In February 2013, the University of Leicester staged what The Guardian described as "The most extraordinary press conference ever held at any UK university." This was part of a media and communications campaign that brought worldwide attention to the discovery of King Richard III by the University's archaeologists. How do you manage a communications process like this? What were the pitfalls and how does multimedia journalism enhance reputation?

Enrollments in journalism and mass communication programs in the United States in the fall of 2013 were down from a year earlier for the third year in a row. Enrollments dropped at the bachelor's, master's, and doctoral levels, and the number of freshmen and sophomores were down dramatically from a year earlier. Enrollments in the journalism specialty have dropped, and enrollments in advertising and public relations also have stagnated. While the overall field of communication also seems to be slowing in terms of growth, the subfield of journalism and mass communication has been particularly hard hit.

To succeed in ending the HIV epidemic in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) focuses on delivering combinations of scientifically proven, cost-effective, and scalable interventions to priority populations. Systemic factors continue to contribute to persistent health disparities and disproportionately higher rates of HIV diagnosis in some communities. The National HIV/AIDS Strategy has designated cis-gender Black women (CgBW) as a priority population to address the racial and ethnic inequities in HIV. This report presents the portfolio of projects, programs, and initiatives funded by the CDC's Division of HIV Prevention (DHP) to address disparities in HIV and improve health and QOL among CgBW. These funded activities include the development, planning, and implementation of HIV prevention programs, mass media campaigns, and behavioral interventions focused on CgBW. This report also summarizes DHP's community engagement, capacity building, and partnership efforts, and highlights research and surveillance activities focusing on CgBW. Finally, this report outlines future directions for CDC's efforts to improve access to HIV testing, treatment, and prevention for CgBW in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dominant narrative in much of the world is that public safety is provided by policing, evidenced by supportive rhetoric from institutional forces including politicians, media, and large budget allocations in all levels of government. Alongside a long history of police violence, especially against Black, Brown, poor, and other marginalized people, many social movements reject the idea that policing provides safety and seek other methods for community wellness. The present study utilizes critical narrative analysis (CNA) to describe how marginalized residents of a small city in Iowa construct their understanding of personal and community safety. Their stories and the dialectic exchange during interviews illustrated several counternarratives and moments of conscientization for participants and researchers where safety was deconstructed and understood outside the power of recycled institutional narratives. Participants rejected popular notions of safety such as police, and instead embraced safety through robust relationships, community resources, and forms of self‐knowledge such as mental health. We analyzed their interviews as efforts to be humanly recognized within violent white supremacist structures, and their stories help to radicalize popular messages about safety. We highlight their world‐making abilities as they craft their own networks of community and safety outside of the state and police. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sourcing practices are among the central research topics within the sociology of the media. Empirical studies have analysed what and who are the major journalistic sources, demonstrating that the selections journalists make not only depend on their subjective choices, but are connected to the norms and routines established in the profession. While invaluable, these studies are primarily media-centric and focused on small-scale investigations, meaning they regularly ignore the social totality in which sourcing is inevitably embedded. Such studies hence also pay too little attention to the external actors that provide 'information subsidies' to journalists. By employing the framework of the public sphere, we show that news sources should be viewed as a topic of central social relevance that touches on wider power relations within society. Sociological approaches should thus be complemented with other critical traditions, for instance the political economy of communication. The latter approach's value is revealed in brief sketches that point to the possibilities of achieving deeper understanding of the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article demonstrates how Irish mainstream media supports the neo-liberal policy responses of successive governments in relation to housing through a particular focus on how housing organizers, activists and movements are framed. We suggest here that this framing facilitates the maintenance of binaries of both 'acceptable' and 'unacceptable' homelessness and the associated actions which challenge the housing crisis, which in turn compromises the ability for broad-based coalitions of solidarity to be mobilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Media outlets that report on firearm injuries and deaths may provide an important role in emphasizing safe storage practices, particularly when unintentional firearm injuries and deaths occur among young children. There has been a scarcity of research on aspects of media reports on injuries, particularly concerning prevention messaging. The objective of the present study was to examine prevention messaging on the safe storage of firearms among media outlets when reporting on unintentional firearm injury deaths among children aged 0–11. Methods: The Gun Violence Archive collects information from media sources regarding firearm injuries and deaths. We analyzed data from 2021 to 2022 to analyze prevention messaging incorporated into the media reports. We then examined if media reporting of events that occurred in States with child access prevention (CAP) laws had a higher likelihood of including prevention messaging compared to those events occurring in States without CAP laws. Results: There were 223 deaths reported that were attributed to unintentional firearm discharge among children aged 0–11. Prevention messages were delivered in 61 of the 223 incidents. Specific messages which included the word "lock" when referring to firearm storage were included in 21.9% of all incidents. An analysis examining State CAP laws and the presence of any prevention message per event did not yield any discernable relationship. Conclusion: Inclusion of prevention messaging stating that firearms should be stored locked and unloaded when reporting on unintentional firearm injury deaths among children is lacking. When specific prevention messaging was included, the source was often law enforcement. Public health officials may play an important role in educating the journalistic and law enforcement communities about the inclusion of safe storage messages when reporting on firearm deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agora (0211-6642) is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. The article examines the essential characteristics of the journalism and PR convergence, the main reasons for this process, the key aspects of the specified mass communication types of interaction, the principles of media relations, the probable scenarios of the integration development of the journalism and PR and its consequences for both spheres are clarified. Relevance of the study. The study of various aspects of the interaction of media and public relations is extremely relevant, since in the modern media landscape these communicative practices increasingly influence each other. Understanding the consequences of their convergence helps to define new creative approaches to communication strategies, to adapt them to modern realities. The purpose of the article is to determine the convergent processes features, that have recently been taking place in the journalism and public relations field. Methodology. The research was carried out using the analysis of scientific sources, an analytical method, a systematic approach when considering the dynamics and relationship at different levels between journalism and public relations, a comparative method for identifying their common and distinctive features, monitoring the media space, which allows to find out the impact of certain PR strategies and tools for journalistic practices, method of theoretical generalization. The results. The main principles of media relations are indicated: the principle of trust, the reliability of information, bilateral observance of interests, consideration of development trends, communication style and ethical standards. The main convergent processes of journalism and public relations include: the use of similar tools and methods to achieve goals, the joint content creation that satisfies the needs of both parties, the joint management of information flows, the combination of journalistic approaches to the materials creation with PR strategies for attracting attention, the formation of the general professional responsibility sphere, conducting joint information campaigns and other events, creating a new media text format that combines the journalistic and PR text features, using the Internet as a channel, means and medium of communication. Conclusions. The novelty of the research consists in obtaining a clearer idea of the various mass communication types of hybridization in the digitalization of society conditions. As a result of convergent processes, journalism and public relations are becoming increasingly interdependent, which opens new opportunities for creating and disseminating information. This interaction leads to the transformation of both spheres, promotes their development, and increases the effectiveness of influencing the audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Media Research / Zeszyty Prasoznawcze is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the study of the process of brand awareness formation under the influence of mass media. Knowing the parameters of this process allows us to answer the question of how many times a person must meet a brand in the media environment in order to remember it, and what extent of brand mentioning in the media must be achieved in order to get a certain level of its popularity. Two aspects of awareness are singled out: recall (knowledge without prompting) and recognition (knowledge with prompting). An empirical study was carried out, which made it possible to isolate and measure, on a sufficient level of accuracy, the influence of the Russian central press on the brand awareness of more than 20 sociological companies in Russia over a period of 15 years. It showed that the presence of a brand in the press is significant, and it affects linearly both forms of awareness – recall and recognition. A strong linear relationship allows us to calculate the effective frequency of introductions and to build a predictive model for the formation of brand awareness under the influence of the media, as well as, using plausible assumptions, to estimate the effective frequency of contacts.

This paper examined the media and public relations coverage of e-sport in China over a 17-yr period, focusing on how the representations of e-sport as a fast-growing industry have changed in China during that time. With the theoretical underpinning of media framing, the study used content analysis and examined 400 e-sport-related reports. Specifically, it investigated the tone of coverage, the topic emphasis of e-sport-related stories, and the use of jargon and statistics in the reports. In general, findings indicated that both mainstream media and public relations gradually covered e-sport issues in a more positive way as time went by. Similar to reporting on traditional sports, the topic emphasis changed from nongame issues to player and team performance in the contemporary climate. The findings highlight the importance of live-streaming platforms in e-sport development and suggest that more traditional-sport-styled media coverage of e-sport might benefit the industry. Finally, the study calls for an evaluation of media e-sport coverage in different cultural contexts and comparisons between e-sport's and traditional sports' representation in the contemporary media climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers a perspective on the role of social media influencers as trusted messengers in tobacco control mass media campaigns. It describes campaigns by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to illustrate how mass media campaigns can leverage influencers to build and optimize campaign, including the Fresh Empire public education campaign, The Real Cost Smokeless Tobacco campaign and This Free Life tobacco prevention campaign.

There is a growing acknowledgment by segments of the global population that it is becoming extremely difficult to ignore the negative production externalities of industrial processes. In this regard, the related concept of ''sustainability'' has been gaining traction, with use of the word rising considerably since the 1990s. The term itself has been defined in many different ways, however, the core components are becoming common knowledge: economic, environmental, and social--informally referred to as profits, planet, and people. As Borden has aptly noted: ''Sustainability ideas are growing and maturing at many levels worldwide''. One way that people come to know about sustainable development and its importance is through media coverage of the movement via various projects and initiatives that have been proposed on a theoretical or conceptual basis, as well as those models which have already been concretely realized. One such project established in 2015 is Dubai's ''Sustainable City', the emirate's first net-zero energy working model, which received attention in the world press. This paper investigates and compares the coverage that the Sustainable City has received in the global and local media by utilizing a content analysis methodology guided by framing theory. The research joins the discussion on issues regarding how the media discuss aspects of ''sustainability'' and how it takes hold within a society, whether it be by grassroots or government policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses were placed in an unprecedented context in which they engaged with community members, family members, and friends while positioned between dire hospital situations and community disbelief about the seriousness of the pandemic, often along political lines. A secondary analysis of a qualitative study exploring experiences of 39 nurses in the United States and Brazil in engaging with the community and political discourse during the pandemic provided insights into the impact of these interactions on nurses, and implications for how nurses may emerge from this pandemic time stronger and more supported by those in administrative positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos.info is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Comunicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a new model of political communication with the emphasis on media literacy as an important factor for political information dissemination in the society suggesting new perspectives for political public relations activities. The authors combine concepts from media literacy studies (Buckingham, 2003; Carlsson, 2019; Jones-Jang et al., 2021; Len-Ríos et al., 2016; Rasi et al., 2021), public relations research (Friedenberg, 1997; Holladay, Coombs, 2013; Moloney, 2006; Newman, 1999), and public opinion theory (Bykov, Kuzmin, 2017; Lilleker, 2014; McNair, 2007; Simons, 2019; Zaller, 1992) to derive a four-component model, conceptualizing the importance of media literacy for political communication in Russia, comprising specific factors into a four components: socio-demographic profile, media literacy, media effects, and political effects. Results show how socio-demographic profile, media literacy, media effects, and political effects vary in affecting the process of political communication in Russia. It is also demonstrated how digital literacy acts as a mediator in the political communication process. The study relies on the results of the available public opinion polls in Russia (Kazakov, 2017; LevadaCenter, 2019) and online survey (N = 632) conducted by the authors in the beginning of 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The equalization-normalization debate concerns whether the Internet equalizes politics by empowering resource-poor organizations, or whether it further strengthens the position of resource-rich organizations. We address this debate by studying how interest groups' utilization of digital media is associated with their success in influencing news media. We suggest digital media is characterized by the coexistence of old and new media logics that benefit resource-rich and resource-poor groups in different ways. Analyzing a dataset of 1,127 Finnish interest groups, we found that groups' utilization of digital media is positively associated with their news media success, yet traditional ways of influencing the news media remain more effective. Among resource-rich groups with larger public relations staff, blog publishing is positively associated with both media access (media visibility) and agenda-building success (influencing news topics). In contrast, utilization of digital media among resource-poor groups only correlates with agenda-building success, and audiovisual content is more effective than other content. We suggest that while resource-poor groups benefit from network media logic in which the flow of information is initially based on popularity among social media users, resource-rich groups can exploit mass media logic where traditional journalistic gatekeeping is more important. The findings also imply that digital media has not decreased resource-related bias in interest groups' media access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Care for the external and internal environment of the company, ethics and human resources, as well as the organizational culture, is a crucial element for the importance and competitive advantage of the company. It was especially noticeable during the SARS‐COV‐2 pandemic. Companies began to grapple with difficulties, which contributed to an increased interest in crisis management competencies. The pandemic has permanently changed the functioning of society and the image of many industries, including public relations. The analysis of changes in the demand of companies for CSR‐related activities after the pandemic becomes a valuable element of the direction of innovative research. Recognizing the interest, these aspects of the company were verified. The article uses data obtained in the course of the implementation of three independent research projects realized in Poland. The first study concerned crisis management from the perspective of a public relations agencies. The structures of the offer of public relations services (including CSR strategies) were examined. The responses of some public relations specialists regarding CSR and activities in this area after the COVID‐19 pandemic were extracted from the second research project. The last, third project involved specialists employed in PR agencies. The research area covered changes in the demand of companies for CSR‐related activities after the pandemic and the desired areas of training and personal development, with particular emphasis on CSR. The common denominator of all three projects is CSR campaigns and the way they are implemented by PR specialists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major disruptions to traditional academic learning have occurred since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, as most higher education institutions have shifted to online or hybrid course delivery. This virtual shift has significant implications for service-learning. In this study, we explored the impact of virtual service-learning on public relations instructors and community partners. Interview respondents described challenges to virtual service-learning related to the pandemic but also noted unanticipated benefits, such as creativity and resilience. In addition, community partners and public relations instructors recommended a heightened focus on communication, flexibility, and adaptability to ensure successful virtual service-learning experiences for students and organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to experts, the rise of consumerism in Slovakia is associated with the end of communist totalitarianism. However, consumerism is a common phenomenon in developed countries of Western Europe as well, where the relaxation of the social happened for different reasons. Consumerism was accompanied by an increase in alternative "spiritual" trends (e.g. new religious movements) and an increase in the number of client cults such as Herbalife. The new "alternatives" have proven to be able to adapt to the current needs of humanity, and address the depths of human being. The current paper presents an analysis of the forms under which Herbalife reached old and new customers online, in the context of mass media and marketing communication. In order to identify the forms of effective advertising employed by Herbalife in reaching new or existing customers, the paper carried out content analysis of the main and official websites of the company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports the findings of a comparative study of the financial news produced by companies, financial analysts, financial newspapers and news agencies about the same news events, including data before and after the financial crisis. We ground this study in second-level agenda-setting, according to which news producers select substantive and evaluative attributes for the issues they cover. Using computer-assisted text analysis, we conduct pairwise comparisons of the evaluative tone of corporate quarterly earnings press releases and the corresponding analyst reports and news stories. Our overall hypothesis is that these actors produce news about the same events with an evaluative tone that furthers their own goals as well as the goals of those actors they are dependent on, which we find partial support for. We find a positivity bias in corporate earnings press releases and analyst reports, while financial journalists eliminate the corporate positivity bias, but do not add more negativity. The results also indicate differences in the tone of financial news before and after the financial crisis. Although all actors produce news in the period after the financial crisis that is less positive and less negative than before the crisis, the balance of positive and negative tone as well as relative differences among the actors suggest that news writing by financial journalists at financial newspapers and news agencies is more negative in tone after the financial crisis, thus providing also empirical support of their independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Herald of Journalism / Habaršy Žurnalistika Seriâsy is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aims to develop suitable integrated media for public relations of Thai food innovations created under the research project Thai Food to Global Market. The sample group is 257 tourists. The research tools are 1) integrated media for public relations of Thai food to Global Market including website, video, mobile application, and AR publication, 2) media evaluation form for Thai food and public relations media expert, and 3) satisfactory survey of tourist on the integrated media. The results indicate that 1) quality of the integrated media developed under the research has met the standard with a Very Good score level evaluated by media experts, and 2) tourists are satisfied with the integrated media with the highest satisfactory level, in which online media and mobile application are the most satisfied media by tourists both in term of content presentation and its accessibility. The research also illustrated that the convergent media concept can be performed in order to enhance its accessibility and target of the media itself. The procedure used to develop the media in the researches has indicated a significant outcome suggested from the quality of the media and satisfactory level of the media receivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims 1) to study media exposure behavior of various age target groups: teenager, working age, and elderly, 2) to develop suitable media for public relations of Thai food to specific target groups, and 3) to study media satisfactory of Chinese to the integrated media for public relations of Thai food innovation to global market. The studied groups include 249 tourists both Chinese and others who travelled in Thailand and 100 Chinese tourists in Shanghai, China. The research tools are 1) integrated public relations media of Thai food innovation including website, video, mobile application, and publications, 2) satisfactory survey, and 3) questionnaire on media exposure behavior on public relations media of Thai food to global market. The survey and questionnaire were offered in Chinese and English languages. Results suggest that media exposure behaviors of the tourist on Thai food information are not significantly different among nationality. There is no relationship between age and media exposure behavior. The most favorable media among tourists is online social media, followed by mobile application and website, respectively. Chinese prefers to receive information on Thai food via online social media, while the others prefer to receive the information via mobile application. Chinese would like to know about Thai food innovation, while others would like to learn about Thai food recipe. The study suggests that the suitable integrated media for public relations of Thai food to Chinese should be presented in Chinese language and published in most common social media among Chinese such as WeChat and Youku. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While most research in public relations and strategic communication concentrates on textual elements, this contribution shifts the focus to the growing importance of visual elements. The theoretical background is based on visual theory and the concept of strategic mediatization. By using a large-scale quantitative survey among 3,387 European communication professionals, this study is the first empirical evidence of communication professionals' perspectives concerning visual communication. Therefore, the paper empirically demonstrates a visual turn in strategic communication. Although practitioners have been using visual elements since the very beginnings of their trade, only a minority guide these activities through a sound management process. This calls for a deeper consideration of visual communication management in practice and visual public relations research in academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are different forms of fundamentalism in every religious system, but it is Islamic fundamentalism that is now the most prevalent in the world. Al-Qaeda and Islamic State terrorist activities not only in the Middle East, but also in Europe, in connection with terrorist attacks have contributed to the increase in popularity of this ideology. The article shows the ideology of Islamic fundamentalism as an element of media propaganda used by major terrorist groups currently operating in the Middle East. This propaganda is mainly spread in magazines published on the Internet and available online all over the world. Another advantage of spreading fundamentalist ideology is publishing magazines in many languages of the world, which significantly broadens the group of recipients. The problem of religious fundamentalism at the beginning of the 21st century was analysed on the basis of major mass media of terrorist groups. The sources of research are online magazines Inspire, Al-Shamikha, Dabiq and Rumiyah. In addition, the reader's attention was also drawn to the intensive activities of the departments responsible for public relations (PR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many institutions, including governments, universities and corporations are confronting their involvement in slavery and racial discrimination and grappling with the issue of reparations. But what about the responsibility of news media? Should news organizations apologize for racist coverage? What should such an apology look like? This study looks at three case studies of publications that apologized publicly for their contributions to slavery, racism and racially motivated violence. It reviews the elements of an effective apology and then evaluates each publication's statement on those parameters. It compares and contrasts these efforts and discusses potential best practices for publications considering apologies in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the theoretical and applied principles of functioning for the structural units of public administration bodies responsible for forming the relations with the public and mass media. The problem of finding optimal organizational forms of public relations and media management for the judiciary is of extreme importance. The system needs to increase the level of citizens’ trust and provide more transparent coverage of its activities in the framework of state reforms. The article determines the main tasks of the press service working for public authorities and, in particular, in courts.The research of the theory and actual state of the functioning of press services in courts also includes the analysis of the organizational forms of management of public relations processes in public authorities. It describes the structural place of the press service in the management process.

Several studies have focused on the impact of the main communication tools on political performance. However, little academic attention has been given to examine the influence of each communication strategy on voters as "consumers." The researcher aims to test the relationship between each of the four main communication tools (i.e. public relations, media, advertising, and social media) and political performance, and the relationship of each of the aforementioned communication tools with the "offering" of political products that focus on voters. A survey of U.S. politicians indicates that public relations, media, and social media have a significant positive effect on political performance; public relations and social media also have a significant positive impact on the "offering" of products that focus on voters. In turn, the results show a significant positive relationship between political performance and the "offering" of political products that focus on voters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the theoretical and applied principles of functioning for the structural units of public administration bodies responsible for forming the relations with the public and mass media. The problem of finding optimal organizational forms of public relations and media management for the judiciary is of extreme importance. The system needs to increase the level of citizens’ trust and provide more transparent coverage of its activities in the framework of state reforms. The article determines the main tasks of the press service working for public authorities and, in particular, in courts. The research of the theory and actual state of the functioning of press services in courts also includes the analysis of the organizational forms of management of public relations processes in public authorities. It describes the structural place of the press service in the management process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the Catholic Church has been forced to change its attitude towards social communication and mass media. It has had to face not only religious but image challenges. Worldview matters, contemporary problems regarding the institution of marriage or pedophilia in the Church are constantly being debated in mass media, thus creating dangers in terms of critical public reception. This situation has also been occurring in Poland in recent years. The observed progress regarding opening the Church to media relations and the use of rich instruments of social communication have their reasons rooted not only in the history of the social and political events of the past several decades but also in the changes in the sphere of mass media and social communication. This article is an attempt to generate a peculiar typology of determinants regarding the development of social communication within the institutional church in Poland. Within our framework of methodological conditions, a literature query with available statistical analyses and observations of current events was applied. Our conclusions show the current attitude of the Catholic Church in Poland regarding issues related to the marketization of faith and the medialization of religion.

The work examines tools and principles of investor relations in the context of corporate communication as a whole. The author defines the theoretical background in connection with public relations, media relations and investor relations competencies as integral parts of corporate communication and points out the trend of corporate news penetrating into the content of mass media. In this context, the work also describes the tendency of current journalism towards so called „churnalism“, a term which has been used in connection with uncritical use of press releases and PR materials in of articles in newspapers and other media in order to meet increasing time and cost pressures without undertaking further research and checking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This article analyzes the development of new genres of newsworkers that the local media are hiring in a digital ecosystem in which platforms like Google and Facebook have the control of distribution. Methodology: The object of study, within the framework of political journalism, is comprised of 12 Catalan local media selected according to criteria of media diversity and geographical distribution. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 24 professionals were conducted, from editors to journalists to social media managers. Results: Companies incorporate new job roles in political journalism. Nine new professional profiles are listed, although only three of them are profiles that the newsrooms are currently hiring. Conclusions: The skills related to marketing job roles are being adopted by journalists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of mass communication is constantly undergoing change and development, and the pace has accelerated with the advent of digital technologies. One challenge educators face is: how do we educate college students not just for today's careers, but also for lifelong competencies with media? Against this backdrop, the Department of Media and Journalism at Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania sought a new curriculum to capitalize on "emergent media," that is, media that does not fit neatly into established mass communication disciplines such as journalism, telecommunications, public relations, and advertising. Our curriculum is centered around media literacy, skills development, and experiential learning. In this article, we discuss the theoretical backdrop for the curriculum, the structure of the curriculum, and the growth and future directions of our program. Now seven years into this curriculum, our experience can assist other educators in finding ways to make their curricula responsive and adaptable to a rapidly changing media environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to find out how organizations communicate with their opponents during crises and later. Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative research that is interviews with crisis communication professionals in Poland was conducted to explore their opinions, attitudes and practices toward opponents in crises, communication tools employed, methods of settling conflicts and ways of getting along with the former opponents later. Findings: Communication and crisis managers provided in-depth insights on how they approach opponents during crises and later. Even though public relations professionals are aware that communicating with activist or hostile publics in times of turmoil is important, they pay more attention to internal publics and media. Senior executives often perceive media and journalists as crucial channels to reach out to different stakeholder groups during crises. Ongoing communication with opponents (or former opponents) – also after crises – mostly remains a high call for public relations professionals. Originality/value: This paper contributes to corporate and crisis communication research by presenting how opponent publics are handled by communication professionals in crises. It shows that most organizations need to rethink their crisis strategies to include opponents in their relationship building, and to maintain these relationships with former opponents beyond the time of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeking to add a missing, nonviolent page to the history of U.S.-North Korea relations, this study examines Pyongyang's initiatives in the area of public relations. It systematically organizes North Korea-related material from five major U.S. newspapers to reconstruct a complex public relations campaign that North Korea implemented during the 1970s through the U.S. media. The campaign was similar to those of other developing countries in its objective of gaining U.S. attention and influencing its policy making through mass media, but it differed from them in the intentional projection of a belligerent image. An analysis of frequency and contents of the coverage of North Korea as well as related policy debates demonstrates that the campaign enjoyed a qualified success. Although it did not lead to U.S. adoption of specific policies desired by North Korea, it helped a peripheral North Korea break through the hierarchies of information flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The repeating agendas in the published news stories about the organizations build the identity of these organizations. A particular agenda may emerge as a natural result of the activities of the organization, but also as the results of this organization's own public relations efforts. The other side that shapes this agenda is the media. The choice of topic by the media organization and the way the topics are evaluated are the most important factors determining how the agenda is to be perceived. In this case, the transformation from pure reality to the to news is the special process. form a special process. This process is of interest to the agenda-setting theory. This theory deals with the relations between media, society, and reality. In this study, the news about the Agriculture and Rural Development Support Agency (ARDSI) of Turkey. This institution is a payment agent for the European Union agricultural funds for Turkey. Within the scope of the study, 396 news scraped from 4 different news sources were analyzed by the method called text mining. As a result, it is seen that the agenda of the news are: new enterprises established with the grants distributed by the institution and the meetings and training realized by the institution. Moreover, it was found that the agenda of the news stories and the legal functions of the institution are similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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