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We analyse the relationship between Energy-saving Technological Change (ESTC) and economic growth, using panel data of 280 cities in China from 2010 to 2018, and explore the possible moderating effect and threshold effect of factor endowment structure between technological progress of energy-saving and regional economic growth. We have the following findings: (1) ESTC has a significant negative effect on regional economic growth. Each unit increase in ESTC reduces economic growth by 0.4–0.8 percentage points. (2) An increase in factor endowment structure will significantly alleviate the inhibiting effect of ESTC on regional economic growth, showing a specific moderating effect. (3) The impact of ESTC on regional economic growth is heterogeneous depending on the regional factor endowment structure. However, the regions with a capital stock per capita of more than 92.002, ESTC will have no impact on potential economic growth rates. Thus, we provide a new perspective on how to achieve ESTC without compromising economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In its business-as-usual scenario, the 1972 Club-of-Rome report—The Limits to Growth—describes the collapse of the world economy around the year 2030, either because of the scarcity of natural resources or because of pollution. Mainstream economists, the high priests of secular societies, condemned it fiercely. Their gospel of perpetual economic growth, during which technological progress would solve all problems, promises a bright future for all mankind. On the other hand, engineers, natural scientists, and mathematicians realized that the breakdown scenario is due to the inclusion of the First and the Second Law of Thermodynamics in the Club-of-Rome's world model. According to these laws, nothing happens in the world without energy conversion and entropy production. In 1865, Rudolph Clausius, the discoverer of entropy, published the laws as the constitution of the universe. Entropy is the physical measure of disorder. Without a proper understanding of energy and entropy in the economy, all efforts to achieve sustainability will fail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents total factor productivity (TFP) growth analysis with a panel Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) for 26 Türkiye regions from 2004 to 2020. The study is a pioneer in the literature on decomposing TFP growth components at the regional level with the translog production function for the Turkish economy. This work has a fresh approach regarding adjusting the schooling of employment and involving macroeconomic factors in the inefficiency function. The numerous specification tests show considerable production inefficiencies. Therefore, the production frontier is estimated using the True Fixed Effects (TFE) model. The empirical findings reveal that human capital is the primary driver of output growth. Technical efficiency is estimated to be 90.6% on average, with 9.4% of potential output lost due to technical inefficiency. It has been determined that there has been technical progress in labor-saving. Trade has a negative effect on technical efficiency. These findings contribute to understanding TFP change in the Turkish economy with regional data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic elements of efficiency in the science, technology and innovation sector are traditionally embedded in the capabilities of institutions, to educate the scientific and technological workforce, technical knowledge and skills, approving research and development outcomes in order to develop new products and production processes. Research and development has become one of the qualitative production elements affecting the shift towards the dynamics of the knowledge economy environment, as a source of enhancing competitive advantage structures and thus economic growth. There was a relationship between spending on the research and development sector and economic growth in the long term. The research aims to analyze the implications of the economics of research and development and its impact on developing the knowledge economy environment. The research involves studying the impact of research and development activities on developing the knowledge economy environment, with spatial boundaries represented by selected Arab countries, including Iraq, and temporal boundaries represented by the period 2010-2021. The research problem is reflected in the decline in spending on research and development activities as a percentage of GDP, which leads to an exacerbation of the size of the technology gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effects of China's population control policy on its economic transitions and long‐run equilibrium theoretically and quantitatively. The model‐predicted technological progress is assumed to be driven by population size and education level. With population control, the total number of children decreases; however, the average education level increases. Since the overall effect on technological progress is ambiguous, we performed a quantitative analysis of the model. The results demonstrate that population, technological progress, and income per capita move in endogenous cycles. The impact of China's population control policy depends on the timing of its implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we examine productivity trends, drivers of productivity growth and pro‐productivity policies across the G‐20 economies since 1970. While we find distinctly different productivity growth dynamics between G‐20 economies and over time, one common observation is a widely shared slowdown in labour productivity growth since the 2010s underpinned by lower (or even negative) total factor productivity growth. Moreover, the growth in capital per worker hour has also begun to level off. We develop a typology of pro‐productivity policies and argue that policies for investment and technological change need strengthening to support a revival of productivity growth. Such policies should include a balanced approach to stronger technological progress and more rapid diffusion; a strengthening of investment, especially in intangibles and public services; and greater attention for human capital. We also argue for stronger institutions and capabilities that allow for dynamic learning about pro‐productivity policies across countries and over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dutch disease literature reveals several gaps between empirical evidence and theoretical predictions. To bridge such gaps, I develop a model that accounts for uneven spillovers of technological progress from the resource sector to other domestic sectors. I then employ a dynamic panel approach to align the theory with the data. I find that the real exchange rate appreciation resulting from a resource boom (i.e., the spending channel) is more pronounced in resource-poor countries than in resource-rich countries. Additionally, the resource movement channel exhibits differences between resource-rich and resource-poor countries. In resource-rich countries, a resource boom reduces the growth rate in the manufacturing sector more than in the service sector, leading to a decrease in relative sectoral output and a slowdown in economic growth. On the other hand, in resource-poor countries, a resource boom accelerates the growth of the manufacturing sector and decelerates the growth of the service sector, resulting in an increase in relative sectoral output and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By adopting technology, enhancing productivity, and fostering economic growth in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), owners and managers can improve their innovation management methods. Owners and managers can optimize their innovation management approaches in small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) by incorporating technology, improving productivity, and promoting economic growth. Despite heightened knowledge of technology, productivity, and economic growth, innovation management has not been adequately examined. This study presents a theoretical framework for evaluating the effects of technology, productivity, and economic growth. A quantitative methodology was utilized, and questionnaires were sent to employees in small and medium-sized enterprises in Erbil, Iraq. This research involved 260 Iraqi workers, and 242 were analysed in Smart PLS. SMEs can address constraints in technology, productivity, and economic growth by implementing these strategies, as indicated by the results. Identifying opportunities for improvement, efficiently allocating resources, and fostering an innovative culture are essential for your company. Technology, productivity, and economic growth have a direct and considerable influence on innovation management. The technological aspect is the most crucial feature in predicting innovation management.

The aim of the article is to show through a theoretical overview that there is an inextricable link between economic growth, technological progress, innovation and intellectual property. This connection has been realized since the dawn of economic science, by economist theorists who, even without mathematical models, and some of them even before a terminological and legal framework covering the matter was created, managed to prove that without innovations and technologization of production and labor skills, it is not possible to achieve sustainable economic growth. The relationship between innovation and economic growth is also depicted through the EC’s innovation development index, where the difference in assessment between the developed economies of the so-called “Western worldˮ and developing, commodity economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By adopting technology, enhancing productivity, and fostering economic growth in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), owners and managers can improve their innovation management (IM) methods. Owners and managers can optimize their IM approaches in small- and medium-sized firms (SMEs) by incorporating technology, improving productivity, and promoting economic growth. Despite heightened knowledge of technology, productivity, and economic growth, IM has not been adequately examined. This study presents a theoretical framework for evaluating the effects of technology, productivity, and economic growth. A quantitative methodology was utilized, and questionnaires were sent to employees in SMEs in Erbil, Iraq. This research involved 260 Iraqi workers, and 242 were analyzed in smart partial least squares. SMEs can address constraints in technology, productivity, and economic growth by implementing these strategies, as indicated by the results. Identifying opportunities for improvement, efficiently allocating resources, and fostering an innovative culture are essential for your company. Technology, productivity, and economic growth have a direct and considerable influence on IM. The technological aspect is the most crucial feature in predicting IM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There exist many examples of countries that have seriously reduced, over the past 150 years, the development gap vis-à-vis economic leaders. The decisive factor was the rapid increase of the total factor productivity (TFP), possible due to the technological progress. In the article, the author verified 6 important hypotheses underlying the Productivity Strategy 2030 published by the Polish government, on the basis of the experience of 96 countries around the world over the last 60 years. Most of these hypotheses were positively verified. However, when implementing the Strategy, one should remember that the increase in the aggregate productivity observed throughout the economy is only the combined effect of the increase in productivity occurring at the enterprise level. Therefore, the pursuit of more developed countries requires, first of all, the creation of appropriate conditions for the development of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pembangunan is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Environmental economists have long been interested in the relationship between policy enforcement, technological progress, and economic growth. A multidirectional process exists where factors such as the economy, policy, technology, and environment interactively work. Based on the balanced panel data of 261 prefecture-level cities in China from 2000 to 2020, this study innovatively examines the diversified channels in the policy–technology system within the structural equation modeling framework. Conclusions can be drawn as follows. First, the policy uncertainties curb the technological improvement in the water sector, particularly in southern Chinese cities. Second, the incubation and adoption of water technology are closely intertwined, significantly affecting water quality. By clarifying the interaction of the factors in water technology diffusion, this study provides a comprehensive framework to investigate China's water economics and policy uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breaking the intractable cycle of poverty in a country requires effective resolution of the unemployment problem by the government. One approach to mitigate unemployment is to foster investment in various sectors, and in the era of the industrial revolution, technological innovation should also be considered. The correlation between technology and unemployment has been extensively debated, and this study seeks to examine the connections between technological progress, physical investment, education, inflation, and unemployment in the United States. We utilized panel data from the 51 states from 2015 to 2021 and found that technological advancements resulted in a decline in the unemployment rate, while inflation had an inverse relationship with it, as predicted by the Phillips curve. However, investments in education increased the unemployment rate, indicating that highly educated individuals experienced notable employment difficulties. Our study had two distinct parts: the initial phase analyzed the statistical explanations for the outcomes, while the latter phase introduced initiatives that focused on government intervention to halt the rising unemployment rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of this manuscript was to investigate the relationships among economic development, tourism, the use of natural resources, technical advancement, and carbon dioxide emissions in the BRICS group of nations. Data from the panel was gathered from 1995 to 2018. Modern methodology tools including the CS-ARDL tests, Westerlund cointegration tests, and panel data unit root tests have been used in this study. Results of the models show that all the variables were transformed to the first difference to make it stationary. The Westerlund model test results suggest that dependent and independent variables have robust cointegration. Results of the CS-ARDL models reveal that all the variables signed, and significance are aligned with the economic theory. It indicates that except for tourism, the rest of the variables like technical innovation, natural resources, and economic growth have positive and significant effects on carbon dioxide emissions both in the short and long runs. Additionally, a 1% rise in economic growth, technical innovation, and natural resources over the long term would raise carbon dioxide emissions in the BRICS economies by 1.79%, 0.15%, and 0.10%, respectively. However, a 1% increase in tourism would result in a 0.39% decrease in carbon dioxide emissions among the nations in the panel data set. Therefore, the promotion of sustainable tourism and advancement in technological innovation is highly important in these countries, so the high impact of environmental degradation pressure may reduce to some extent. An in-addition comprehensive set of policies should be made on encouraging low-carbon transportation, promoting sustainable tourism certification, boosting local produce, reducing waste management, and provide education and awareness campaigns to tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Emerging Economies & Policy is the property of JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies & Policy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigación Económica is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Facultad de Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Global warming remains the most devastating environmental issue embattling the global economies, with significant contributions emanating from CO2 emissions. The continued rise in the level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions serves as a compelling force which constitutes the core of discussion at the recent COP26 prompting nations to commit to the net-zero emission target. The current research presents the first empirical investigation on the roles of technological advancement, demographic mobility, and energy transition in G7 pathways to environmental sustainability captured by CO2 emissions per capita (PCCO2) from 2000 to 2019. The study considers the additional impacts of structural change and resource abundance. The empirical backings are subjected to pre-estimation tests consisting of cross-sectional dependence, second-generation stationarity, and panel cointegration tests. The model estimation is based on cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag, dynamic common correlated effects mean group, and augmented mean group for the main analysis and robustness checks. The findings reveal the existence of EKC based on the direct and indirect effects of the components of economic growth. The indicators of demographic mobility differ in the direction of influence on PCCO2. For instance, while rural population growth negatively influences PCCO2 in the short-run alone, urban population growth increases PCCO2 in the short-run and long-run periods. Nonrenewable energy, information computer technology (ICT) imports, and mobile cellular subscriptions serve as positive predictors of PCCO2, while ICT exports and renewable energy moderate the surge in PCCO2. Policy implications that enhance environmental sustainability are suggested following the empirical verifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ekonomik Yaklaşim is the property of Ekonomik Yaklasim Dernegi (Ekonomik Yaklasim Association) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study proposes a conceptual framework to investigate the economy-wide impacts of factor-biased technological change and the role of policy packages to spur inclusiveness of the economy. Based on this conceptual framework, this study explores the impacts of proposed policy-mixes in terms of growth and distribution using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The results show that the policy package consisting of innovation, education, and taxation policies has the potentials to serve as a policy option to achieve the inclusive growth. Our simulation results suggest that governments should adapt tax systems for the inclusive growth and adjustment mechanisms to help workers navigate sufficient opportunities for skill accumulation, and to facilitate technological innovation within the economic system. Our results shed light on the importance of the policy packages in resolving the side effects of factor-biased technological progress and spur the inclusive growth in the knowledge-based economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since achieving high economic growth in South Africa persists as one of the ultimate serious development issues, it is critical to examine factors that influence South African economic growth. Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), the study was conducted to analyse the variables influencing South African economic growth from 1990 to 2021. The study discovers that technological progress, labour, power supply, and capital formation are all associated significantly with South African economic growth. According to the research, in the long run, labour and technological progress coefficients are positively correlated with economic growth, whereas power supply and human capital are negatively correlated. These findings have significant policy implications. According to the study's findings, it is advised that appropriate policies be created to support the industries that help South Africa's economy flourish. Strategies to be endorsed should include those that captivate such as improving the quality of education to increase human capital and greater investment mostly in the infrastructure of the electricity supply industry are crucial for resolving the issue of electricity supply since doing so would force South Africa to experience long-term economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few decades world population has undergone an unprecedented process of aging, which has been having a significant impact on the macroeconomy. In this paper we propose a new agent-based macro model designed to study the macroeconomic consequences of aging. Using the model as a computational laboratory we test four hypotheses based on empirical evidence - namely that aging decreases real output and real interest rates, while increases trend inflation and income inequality. In general, performing several sensitivity analysis exercises and controlling for three different pension systems (pay-as-you-go and fully-funded), we find enough evidence supporting the hypotheses, especially in the fully-funded scenario. Moreover, we assess the ability of three policy responses to contrast the effects of aging: increasing the retirement age, reducing the amount of pensions and stimulating technological progress, finding that the last one is probably the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic and technological development zone (ETDZ) serves an essential role in driving green development and ecological civilization. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the impact of ETDZs on eco-efficiency for sustainable development. This paper investigates the impact of the establishment of ETDZs on eco-efficiency by constructing a differences-in-differences (DID) model on the basis of 253 cities in China from 2004 to 2017 as the dataset. This paper also explores the possible intrinsic impact mechanisms through the channels of industrial structure and technological innovation by constructing a mediating effect model, and the heterogeneous effects of ETDZs on eco-efficiency from the perspectives of regional imbalance and city class heterogeneity. Statistical results report that ETDZs significantly positively affect eco-efficiency and such effects are most significant in the first year after the establishment of ETDZs. Industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation are essential role mechanisms for ETDZs to enhance eco-efficiency. Besides, the enhancement effect of ETDZs on eco-efficiency is only observed in the eastern part of the city, with an insignificant inhibitory effect in central and western parts of the cities. However, the establishment of ETDZs in cities with higher city classes is more beneficial to improve eco-efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's economically developed nations are also among the most advanced in energy production and consumption. In particular, the widespread implementation of renewable energy sources and the plethora of technological advancements supporting long-term prosperity stand out. The present research examines how carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, technological advancements, and renewable energy sources affect economic expansion. Research and development (R&D) expenses are considered a proxy for technological progress. The analysis quantified the interplay between the factors using annual data for the G7 countries from 1996 through 2020. We examine the association between our variables using panel unit root tests, Pedroni cointegration tests, ARDL coefficient estimations, and Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality tests. The Pedroni cointegration test indicated that the variables are cointegrated. According to the ARDL method of computation, increasing levels of CO2 emissions are beneficial to long-term economic growth. However, improvements in renewable energy and technology dampen economic expansion. The economy's expansion and increased carbon dioxide emissions have a reciprocal relationship. The Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality test shows a uni-directional chain of events from CO2 emissions to technological improvements, from economic growth to the use of renewable energy, and from consumption of renewable energy to technological advances. Based on our research results, investing in renewable energy consumption is still suggested for long-term sustainable development and environmental protection. Also, directing technological innovations to renewable energy resources and facilities to reduce costs and improve efficiency is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To better understand the long-term consequences and the possible channels (mainly, technological progress and human capital accumulation) through which a declining population may eventually sustain long-run economic growth and innovation in advanced economies, we build an endogenous, non-scale growth model with horizontal R&D activity and human capital investment. Population growth and per capita human capital accumulation are linked to each other by means of what in the paper is identified as the 'multiplicative effect' of population. As long as the strength of this effect exceeds a given positive threshold, population growth and per-capita income growth can be negatively correlated. This means that a negative rate of population growth can sustain a positive economic growth rate in the long run. • Human capital investment is embedded into an R&D-based endogenous growth model. • The law of motion of per-capita human capital includes a class-size effect. • Economic growth is simultaneously sustained by R&D– and human capital–investments. • Conditions are found for negative population growth to yield positive macro effects. • We challenge the idea that a declining population is always bad for long-run growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identifies cross-country and intertemporal differences in the effects of trade exposure on per capita national income. We develop a small open economy endogenous growth model with high- and low-technology sectors and endogenous human capital accumulation. We then test the predictions of our model on a sample of 70 countries over the period 1980–2017. Our main assertion is that gains from trade are not only disproportionate across countries but also contrasting over time, depending on the technology intensity of exports. Countries with lower initial experience in the production of technology-intensive goods and services tend to specialize in sectors with lower demand for better-educated and high-skilled workforce, which lowers the return to and individual incentives for education. Consequently, trade-induced specialization patterns, due to their implications about technological progress, appear to be an important factor causing cross-national divergence in welfare. Our theoretical model implies that, in an unskilled labor-abundant country, higher exposure to international trade can decrease the long-run growth rate, even though it increases short-run per capita income. In a skilled-labor abundant country, both short-run and long-run effects are positive. Our empirical findings, which identify short-run and long-run effects separately, strongly support these predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the shortcomings of the fundamental assumptions of economic methodology and the limitations of their application due to the modern processes that have led to radical changes in the very foundations of the world economy. The focus of the research is the incompatibility of the methods of positive economic science with the goals of applied economics. The general hypothesis is: If the fundamental postulates of positive economics are applied consistently, without including actual, especially radical changes in the functioning of the modern world economy, their reliability and precision are significantly reduced. The paper has two key parts that relate to the two most critical contemporary processes that pose new challenges to economic methodology in the world economy. The first is the impact of technological development, which leads to an increase in the unexplained values of economic growth in classical econometric models. The second analyzed process is the economic globalization that has placed global value chains (GVCs) at the centre of international business. The increase in the volume of international trade within GVCs has led to distortions of statistical data on trade and the devaluation of fundamental research results. The results showed that fundamental research can still be important for economic policies, but with continuous monitoring of real processes and their inclusion in basic methods, either by including new factors, corrections of input data or models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the impact of technological progress and digitization on Ghana's economy using panel data for the period 2009–2019. Technological progress and economic growth inter-dependency was analyzed in two steps. First, the relation was tested using Augmented Dickey–Fuller method. Second, we estimated the long-run relation between the variables by using Engel Granger and Error Correction models. The results indicate that adopting technology or digitizing the economy has the potential to drive sustainable growth and development. In particular, it was noted that ICT investments drive high productivity rates and faster economic growth. In sum, technological progress and digitization have the potential to foster significant growth and therefore must be given high credence in the planning and designing of development programmes. This paper contributes to development theories on the role that ICT plays in economic growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The great scientific development and the great technology, which turned the globe as a whole into a small village, were not the product of a moment or a coincidence, and this great development did not come out of an empty, but was thanks to a considerable and difficult effort, and the enormous contributions of many scientists, inventors and researchers from various regions They have spent their lives studying, researching, contemplating, serving science and various sciences, with sincerity and dedication to advancing themselves and for all of humanity. Without these scientific revolutions and the great effort, they have made, we would not have achieved this great scientific and technological progress which our current era is witnessing at all levels. In this article, using a database that includes 104 countries during the period 1996 -2018, we seek an answer to the following question: Do researchers stimulate economic growth? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emissions from several emerging economies currently constitute the largest contributions to the global carbon emissions levels thereby triggering concerns on the prospects for achieving global environmental sustainability‐related goals (SGDs‐13 and 11). Thus, this research examines whether technological innovation and renewables pose any moderating roles in the environmental quality advancements of rapidly emerging economies using the bloc of the emerging seven (E7) economies. The empirical framework of the study capitalizes on the strengths of the novel CS‐ARDL technique in addressing the pitfalls of cross‐sectional dependence (CD) from common factors that marred the understudied panel observations for the bloc between 1992 and 2018. The long‐run estimations provide crucial insights into the environmental sustainability dynamics of the E7 bloc. First, the observed impacts of the rapid economic expansion alongside the fast‐growing energy consumption were significantly detrimental to environmental sustainability over the period of study (1992–2018). Second, the duo of technological innovations and renewables place the E7 on an environmental sustainability path as they significantly dampen the CO2 emissions level in the bloc. Third, the inverted U‐shape growth‐emission conjecture of the EKC was confirmed for these groups of emerging economies within the innovation‐environment nexus exploration. Fourthly, although both innovations and renewable energy consumption enhance sustainability, however, the magnitude of their desirable environmental impacts is quite low compared to the observed impacts of the pollution damages created by the observed energy consumption‐driven economic growth expansion in the bloc over the years. Overall, the results are indicative that the E7 needs to do more in terms of investments in environmental‐related technological innovations and the expansion of renewables in overall energy portfolios to harness the inherent benefits of the duo to position the bloc on a sustainability path. More recommendations for environmental sustainability enhancement from technological innovation and renewable perspectives were further enunciated for the E7 bloc in the main text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, Pakistan is in a stage of urbanization and industrialization, raising its energy demand and supply and carbon dioxide emissions (CO2Es) due to the excessive use of fossil fuels. In meeting future demand and supply predictions, much emphasis should be given to both energy consumption and the level of inter-factor and inter-fuel substitution possibilities. Specifically, future outcomes for energy demand are more valid when production models contemplate substitution elasticity occurring during the period. To analyze the potential for little reliance on fossil fuels and diminish CO2Es, the present research has examined the potential for the substitution of energy and non-energy factors (i.e., natural gas, electricity, petroleum, labor, and capital) by using translog productions function over the period between 1986–2019. The ridge regression method is applied to evade the multicollinearity issue in the data. The model analyzes the output elasticity, substitution elasticity, technical progress, and carbon emission scenarios. The results show that the output elasticities are growing, presenting that the contribution of all factors adds to economic growth. The inputs between capital-petroleum, capital-electricity, labor-electricity, capital-natural gas, and natural gas-electricity are extreme substitutes. These substitutes are increasing capital growth and production sizes. The relative difference in technical progress shows a small positive change between 3–7% with convergence evident. Lastly, the investment scenarios under 5% and 10% investment in petroleum reduction are evidence that the CO2Es would reduce by 7.5 Mt and 10.43 Mt under scenario 1 and 7.0 Mt and 10.9 Mt under scenario 2. The results have broader suggestions for energy-conserving policies, particularly under the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper suggests that feedback effects between technological progress and human longevity lie at the heart of their common emergence in human history. It connects two major research questions. First, the long life span after menopause is a unique but puzzling feature of humans among primates. Second, the shift in human behavior at least 50,000 years ago, which led to an unprecedented pace of technological progress, is still not well understood. The paper develops an evolutionary growth theory that builds on the trade–off between the quantity and the quality of offspring. It suggests that early technological advances gradually increased the importance of intergenerational transfers of knowledge. Eventually, the fertility advantage shifted towards individuals that were characterized by higher parental investment in offspring and a significant post–reproductive life span. Subsequently, the rise in human longevity reinforced the process of development and laid the foundations for sustained technological progress. As a key feature, the theory resolves the debate about a "revolution" in human behavior in an entirely new way. It shows that a gradual emergence of modern behavior is sufficient to trigger a demographic shift that appears as a "behavioral revolution" in the archeological record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the recent growth pattern of the digital world, this paper investigates the impact of technological progress on economic growth based on endogenous technological change models by using patent applications, mobile phone and internet users, research, and development expenditures as an independent variable to economic growth in BRICS-T countries from 2004 to 2018. Panel data set with various tests is used to provide the relationship between the dependent variable (economic growth) and independent variables for these countries. The existence of long-run relationship between economic growth and technological variables concludes that technology usage has significant and positive impact on economic growth in the long term. And it reveals the motivation for governments to adopt specific policies by accelerating investments against the productivity paradox. Based on these empirical findings, further policy implications for economic growth and technological development are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a difference between the ways investment in general and advanced education affects human capital accumulation. Based on the endogenous economic growth model, this study considered the impact of hierarchical education investment on human capital accumulation and economic growth. Using Provincial Panel Data, the empirical analysis found that only investment in general education had a significant effect on economic output per capita, while the effect of investment in advanced education was insignificant. Increasing investment in general education could promote technological progress. However, increasing investment in advanced education does not, which means that the human capital accumulated as a result of advanced education does not have the expected benefit. Furthermore, the expansion of enrolment in colleges and universities promoted the effect of advanced education on economic output and technological progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to clarify the relationship between technological progress and economic growth in Vietnam. This investigation used annual data from the World Bank related to Vietnam from 1985 to 2019 and applied the approach of autoregressive distributed lag to evaluate the impact of technological progress on economic growth in Vietnam in the short and long term. The regression equation constructed in this investigation came from the analysis of the Cobb-Doulag equation and the Solow model. The results of the study showed that GDP per capita is affected by the variables of technological progress in the short and long term, which means that technological progress affects economic growth in Vietnam. This study also contributes to the area of economic growth research in Vietnam with important evidence-based results on the impact of technological progress on GDP per capita, and the findings of this study have several implications for the understanding of the role of technological progress in economic development. The current study is still limited to small sample sizes and does not cover all indicators for analysis; however, it provides the foundation for future investigations with larger sample sizes, and other elements of technological progress are modified and applied in specific fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic analysts have used trends in total factor productivity (TFP) to evaluate the effectiveness with which economies are utilizing advances in technology. However, this measure is problematic on several different dimensions. First, the idea that it is possible to separate out the relative contribution to economic output of labor, capital, and technology requires ignoring their complex interdependence in actual production. Second, since TFP growth has declined in recent decades in all of the developed market societies, there is good reason to believe that the decline is an artifact of the slower rates of economic growth that are linked to austerity policies. Third, reliance on TFP assumes that measures of the gross domestic product are accurately capturing changes in economic output, even as the portion of the labor force producing tangible goods has declined substantially. Finally, there are other indicators that suggest that current rates of technological progress might be as strong or stronger than in earlier decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We assess the long-run growth effects of automation in the overlapping generations framework. Although automation implies constant returns to capital and, thus, an AK production side of the economy, positive long-run growth does not emerge. The reason is that automation suppresses wage income, which is the only source of investment in the overlapping generations model. Our result stands in sharp contrast to the representative agent setting with automation, where sustained long-run growth is possible even without technological progress. Our analysis therefore provides a cautionary tale that the underlying modeling structure of saving/investment decisions matters for the derived economic impact of automation. In addition, we show that a robot tax has the potential to raise per capita output and welfare at the steady state. However, it cannot induce a takeoff toward positive long-run growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to examine the output and total factor productivity (TFP) growth by estimating a stochastic frontier production function for a panel of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, and to decompose TFP growth into technical change, technical efficiency, and scale efficiency. The empirical findings reveal that, while factor accumulation is the main driver of output growth in the MENA region, TFP growth is increasingly accounting for a respectable proportion of output growth, with improved technical efficiency playing a crucial role in productivity growth. Specifically, the average annual TFP growth is found to be 0.846%, with positive contributions from technical efficiency and scale efficiency. However, the results show that technical progress has had a negative impact on TFP growth. The positive growth in technical efficiency suggests that the countries are catching up towards the optimal production frontier. At a disaggregated level, oil-rich countries registered negative effects of technical progress, while non-oil countries registered negative effects of scale efficiency. Technical efficiency, however, accounts for the largest positive factor in TFP growth in both oil and non-oil country groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is the first attempt to measure growth depending on the equation of the concave production possibility frontier, under Solow-neutrality. Although there is evidence that the nature of technological progress is Solow-neutral, Solow-neutrality is not compatible with the steady-state. This study solves that contradiction. To do this, we make three simple contributions. First, the natural rate of growth has been explained in harmony with the economic concepts such as constant returns to scale, full capacity and steady-state, under Solow-neutrality. Secondly, the equation of the concave production possibility frontier has been obtained when the nature of technological progress is Solow-neutral. Thirdly, economic growth has been explained based on the equation of the concave production possibility frontier, under Solow-neutrality. According to the first result of the study, Solow-neutrality becomes compatible with the long-run equilibrium growth and the steady-state under specific conditions. According to the second result of the study, positive economic growth occurs under specific conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to assess the role of technological progress in long-term economic growth, with special emphasis on the case of the Republic of North Macedonia. There are two basic postulates serving as starting point of the paper: first, according to the new growth theory, the technological progress has crucial role in the economic gowth and second, one of the main targets of sustainable development goals (SDGs) is to foster innovation and R&D of national economies in purpose to boost their transformation in knowledge- based economies as a precondition for sustainable development. The hypothesis of the paper is that the technological progress is positively correlated with the long-run economic growth; this is in accordance with the economic theory. The analyses conducted in the paper are based on secondary data (Eurostat, European Commission, State Statistical Office, World Bank) and in order to confirm or reject the paper's hypothesis an econometrician model has been performed. The main methods used in the paper are statistical method, method of comparison, method of analysis and synthesis. The paper deals with technological progress in the EU and North Macedonia, measured through available data. The findings indicate a positive correlation between the technological progress and the economic growth in the case of EU countries. In the case of the Republic of North Macedonia, the results of the regression analysis confirm the positive and statistically significant impact of R&D on GDP and negative and statistically significant impact of number of persons with tertiary degree on GDP. The findings confirm the main hypothesis of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature analyzing the ecological impacts of financial development (FD) documents mixed results. In addition, very limited researches consider the role of technological innovation in ecological sustainability even though technological innovation is indispensable to achieve technological advancement, which may help in sustainable development and ecological sustainability. Therefore, this work probes the effects of technological innovation, financial development, and economic growth (GDP) on the ecological footprint (EF) controlling urbanization and employing a STIRPAT framework. The analysis of data from West Asia and Middle East nations from 1990 to 2017 revealed cointegration in the model. The long-run coefficients produced by the continuously updated fully modified technique revealed that a 1% upsurge in technological innovation decreases EF by 0.010%. Interestingly, technological innovation is helpful to decrease EF and enhance economic growth in the West Asia and Middle East (WAME) countries. However, a 1% rise in FD boosts the level of EF by 0.0016% inferring that FD stimulates ecological degradation. Likewise, urbanization in the WAME countries raises EF levels and contributes adversely to ecological quality. In addition to this, the study revealed the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in the selected countries accounting for technological innovation, FD, and urbanization in the model. The causal analysis provided evidence of unidirectional causality from FD to EF and bidirectional causality between technological innovation and EF. The study recommends more investment in research and development and strong collaboration between the universities and industries to promote the level of technological innovation for both sustainable development and ecological sustainability. In addition, urban sustainability policies are necessary without decreasing the urbanization level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a systematic assessment of the alleged exceptionality of Malaysia's development progress and its likely explanations, in comparative perspective. Using cross-country regressions and aggregate indices of education, health, poverty and gender equality outcomes, we produce evidence based on conditional correlations, offering three findings. First, the results support the hypothesis that Malaysia's human development progress has been exceptional compared with that of countries with a similar level of economic development, primarily for the period 1970–1990. Next, we show that such progress is associated with a combination of income-mediated and support-led mechanisms, including Malaysia's early emphasis on education and health inputs and infrastructure development. Finally, we look at long-term roots of its progress, arguing that early advantage in state capacity may be at the origin of Malaysia's successful implementation of poverty reduction and growth-enhancing policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the effect of human capital and technology on economic growth in Asian countries while considering economic development. The paper expands the Solow Growth model by further incorporating the import of machinery and equipment reflecting total factor productivity. Panel data for 30 Asian countries has been used over 1995-2015. Due to the endogeneity problem in human capital and other variables, the System Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) is used to address this problem. Empirical results reveal that human capital and technology have increased economic growth in the total sample of Asian countries. Furthermore, the sample has been disaggregated into high-income (HI) and low-income (LI) Asian countries. Our findings determine that human capital and technology are reflecting a positive and statistically significant role in enhancing economic growth in both samples of countries. However, the magnitude of the impact is high in HI Asian countries relative to LI Asian countries, respectively. When the import of machinery and equipment are replaced with patents, a positive and insignificant results are obtained for LI countries because these countries have lacked legal systems, but a positive and statistically significant relationship is observed for HI Asian countries.

This paper provides an assessment of Latin America's long‐run performance from a comparative and historical perspective and concentrates on quantification of long‐run GDP growth and measurement of factor inputs and total factor productivity (TFP). Growth accounting shows the contribution of factor inputs (capital and labor) and TFP to output growth. What is new: capital and labor services are estimated for a group of nine countries, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela, and we widen the time frame of analysis to 1820–2016. This kind of exercise may serve different purposes such as explaining differences in growth rates between countries and assessing the role of technical progress. The overall GDP growth rate of the Latin American economies over the 1820–2016 period was somewhat above 3%. In the long run, the main differences in factor contributions to growth can be found in capital and, especially, in TFP. Capital contributed on average 1.45% to GDP growth over the whole period. However, the main culprit of the mediocre performance of Latin America compared to other developed and developing countries is TFP. TFP contributed over the whole period a mere 0.25% to Latin American GDP growth and was negative in several subperiods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy attracts attentions by removing the harmful effects of fossil fuels and protecting the environment. The focus of this study is to investigate GDP per capita, carbon dioxide emissions per capita, technological innovation and trade as the determinants of renewable energy production for the selected Latin American countries during the 1991–2014 period. Technological innovation factor is rarely investigated as one of the determinants of renewable energy. The country group includes Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Chile and Guatemala. Empirical results are obtained by applying panel estimation methods. Cointegration relationship among the analyzed variables is confirmed by Pedroni and Westerlund panel cointegration tests. According to the empirical analysis, GDP per capita, technological innovation and trade have positive and statistically significant impact on renewable energy production per capita. On the other hand, it is found that carbon dioxide emissions and renewable energy production are negatively associated. In addition, the elasticity estimates with respect to technological innovation and trade are found as close to each other. The policy implications of the empirical findings are argued as well. [Display omitted] • The drivers of renewable energy generation are analyzed by panel data techniques. • A 1% rise in output is found to increase renewable energy production by 0.26%. • The effects of technological innovation and trade are estimated as very close. • The elasticity estimate with respect to CO2 emission is found as −0.196. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper revisits the question of demand in the works of Adam Smith and David Ricardo by adopting a novel approach: the joint examination of the concepts of "effectual demand" and the "extent of the market." The discussion on "effectual demand" highlights its social nature and finds that in a multi-commodity framework, the vector of commodity supplies adapts to the vector of effectual demands. Subsequently, the "extent of the market" is seen to play a distinct role in determining economic growth as a demand-side determinant alongside the supply-side determinants of net saving and technological progress. The connections between the "extent of the market" and "effectual demand" are also explored in this paper. The findings point to a more important analytical role for demand in both Smith and Ricardo than has hitherto been highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper investigates the formation of convergence clubs and examines the drivers of growth convergence in Africa by accounting for individual heterogenous effects and establishing transitional paths. We particularly employ the sophisticated log t test to identify underlying convergence clubs and use LSDVC as a benchmark model for analysing the drivers of convergence. We also apply the System Generalized method of moments (GMM) model for sensitivity purposes. Our results reveal four core convergence clubs; seemingly characterised by the measures of institutional stability with distinct transitional paths. We consequently highlight the importance of initial conditions, human capital and institutions in the formation of convergence clubs. Thus, the paper provides insights into the adoption of differentiated development policies consistent with the specific conditions of African countries with the integration agenda driven by accelerated levels of human capital development and technological progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital development is critical for achieving coordinated regional economic growth, energy conservation, and emissions reduction, which makes it a viable method for achieving carbon neutrality and peaks. This study investigates the impact of the digital economy on urban total factor productivity and carbon emissions, as well as its mechanism, from 2011 to 2019 by developing a digital economy evaluation index system. We find that the growth of the digital economy can increase urban total factor productivity while lowering carbon emissions and also has a significant spatial spillover effect on regional economic growth, energy conservation, and emissions reduction. The main influencing mechanism is that the digital economy accelerates marketization by encouraging industrial structure upgrades and technological progress, which results in higher total factor productivity and lower energy consumption. In terms of the spatial distribution, the digital economy promotes total factor productivity more in the central and western regions and large cities and promotes carbon emission reduction less in the eastern regions and smaller cities. The findings extend the benefits of the digital economy beyond economic and social welfare benefits and serve as a model for achieving a win–win situation in terms of both economic growth and carbon emissions reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]