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• This study improved the citation prediction accuracy by applying the BP neural network. • The BP neural network significantly outperformed the other six baselines (XGBoost, RF, LR, SVR, KNN, and RNN). • Five essential features were determined for citation prediction. Predicting the citation counts of academic papers is of considerable significance to scientific evaluation. This study used a four-layer Back Propagation (BP) neural network model to predict the five-year citations of 49,834 papers in the library, information and documentation field indexed by the CSSCI database and published from 2000 to 2013. We extracted six paper features, two journal features, nine author features, eight reference features, and five early citation features to make the prediction. The empirical experiments showed that the performance of the BP neural network is significantly better than those of the six baseline models. In terms of the prediction effect, the accuracy of the model at predicting infrequently cited papers was higher than that for frequently cited ones. We determined that five essential features have significant effects on the prediction performance of the model, i.e., 'citations in the first two years', 'first-cited age', 'paper length', 'month of publication', and 'self-citations of journals', and the other features contribute only slightly to the prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic Data Analysis is a field of research which comes under analytics. Analytics is a subject of statistics to the extent that we read raw data by using computational techniques and then we make sense out of this raw data this is called analysis. An essential function in data mining and analytics is the Data Classification. A machine learning tool known as neural network is capable to perform various tasks in diabetic data analysis. Today, healthcare industries having large amount of data and to access that data analysis process is required, so there arise many complexities. Medicare industries face different kind of challenges, so it is very important to develop data analytics. In this paper an integrated approach is used to predict diabetes from neural network. Neural network can be taken as ubiquitous indicator. From various resources raw data has been collected and compare it to a tool that can be a trained machine for the prediction of diabetes patients. Main aim of integrating approach in neural network is to increase the accurate results in the prediction of diabetic patients. Big data is an approach to resolve the problem in an enhanced manner. A modeling structure is used in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multilevel inverters (MLIs) have a significant contribution in many industrial sectors due to their improved power quality and lesser voltage stress, over the conventional three‐level inverters. However, the implementation of MLIs with an increased device count creates the scope of development in MLIs topologies. In this regard, a hybrid MLI topology is studied in this paper whose architecture is based on conventional two‐level inverters. This topology has lesser device count characteristics when compared to conventional and most of the recently presented configurations for nine‐level output voltage generation. The major issue of capacitor voltage balancing is resolved by employing an appropriate switching strategy. However, the semiconductor switches are the most vulnerable components and causes the open circuit faults frequently that creates issues in real time operation. Hence, it is important to detect the open circuit fault in switches in the least possible time. A new approach to open circuit fault detection technique based on the analysis of load voltage waveform is proposed in this paper. The wavelet transform technique has been implemented for feature extraction of load voltage. Later, the classification of the fault has been achieved by training an artificial neural network (ANN). The proposed work has been studied in MATLAB/simulation and the obtained results are verified experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the No. 30201 working face of a specific colliery was determined as the study area in the Yushen mining area, China. The objective of this paper is to determine the optimal position for pressure regulation measures during the final mining stage. A mechanical calculation model for stabilized coal pillar was developed. The analytical solution for the front abutment pressure function was obtained. Limit equilibrium theory and beam theory were employed to compute the critical width value of the stabilized coal pillar. The analysis focused on examining the spatiotemporal relationship between the rotational deformation of the main roof and the stability of the retracement channel. The study utilized numerical simulation to investigate the failure characteristics of the surrounding rock and the stress redistribution in the stabilized coal pillar within the working face. Through comprehensive analysis, a reasonable width of 15 m for the stabilized coal pillar was determined and successfully implemented in field practices. A method of using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to select the stabilized coal pillar width was proposed. The input characteristics of ANN were determined through theoretical analysis. Four models of BP, WOA-BP, PSO-BP, and CPSO-BP were trained. The calculation accuracy of each model is evaluated by three quantitative metrics: MAE, MRE, and RMSE. The MAE value of the CPSOBP model is 0.9489, showing a reduction of 70.87% compared to the BP model, 55.84% compared to the WOA-BP model, and 51.26% compared to the PSOBP model. The MRE value is 0.0559, which is 71.51%, 56.29%, and 53.24% lower than the other models, respectively. The RMSE value is 1.0617, which is 68.92%, 56.13%, and 53.03% lower than other models, respectively. The four models were employed to compute the width of the stabilized coal pillar. The values for the BP, WOA-BP, PSO-BP, and CPSO-BP models were 12.7 m, 16.3 m, 14.1 m, and 15.2 m, respectively, indicating that the CPSO-BP model can effectively determine the width of the stabilized coal pillar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being employed not only in businesses, entertainment, and academia but also in sports training to raise the level of competition among athletes. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are the brains of modern AI, and this paper examines their application in sports training's load prediction with the hope of improving athletic performance, creating scientifically efficient training programs, and increasing the accuracy of training load forecasts. First, a sports training analysis system based on Browser Server (B/S) is constructed, and the overall structure, specific function modules, and database of the system are designed and introduced. Then, the artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA)-based prediction and modeling approach of sports training's load is applied. To put it more specifically, we obtained a comprehensive index of joint acceleration in sports training by using data acquisition devices such as sensors. The independent variable in the load prediction is defined by the computational results, which are combined with other relevant features to obtain the load characteristics of sports training. The initial weights and thresholds of the ANN are optimized with the help of AFSA. To produce the final prediction result, the optimized ANN and extracted load characteristics are coupled with the prediction equation. The prediction model is applied to the sports training analysis system for realizing the application of training load prediction. Experiments show that the methods proposed in this paper can effectively improve the accuracy and efficiency of sports training and load prediction, improve the effect of athletes' training, and thus enhances the level of sports competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper harnesses the Artificial Neural Network Quantile Regression model to estimate the systemic risk exposure of select banks in India. The model employs a 'Leaky ReLU' activation function to capture non-linearity in risk spillover. The estimated model detects major periods of systemic stress in the last 15 years and suggests that smaller private sector banks are more exposed to systemic risk during stress periods. The estimated model is useful in gauging early signs of rise in systemic risk exposure of individual banks and can complement the micro-prudential risk assessment toolkit of supervisors in initiating timely remedial actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automatic segmentation of retinal vessels plays an important role in computer-aided diagnosis of ophthalmology and cardiovascular diseases. Attention mechanism can improve the efficiency and accuracy of image feature extraction in classical neural network models, so attention mechanism is widely used in retinal vessel segmentation models. This paper firstly reviews the commonly used datasets and evaluation metrics for retinal vessel segmentation, subsequently, attention mechanisms are categorized into two types: selective attention mechanisms and self-attention mechanisms, based on their working principles. Meanwhile, according to the data domain of computer vision tasks, attention methods are divided into three categories: channel attention, spatial attention, and mixed attention. Combined with the task of retinal vessel segmentation, the paper highlights the specific applications of representative attention models of these three types and conducts performance comparisons and evaluations of relevant models. Finally, the problems of attention mechanism and the development trend in the future are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accurate prediction of heavy precipitation in convective environments is crucial because such events, often occurring in Italy during the summer and fall seasons, can be a threat for people and properties. In this paper, we analyse the impact of satellite-derived surface-rainfall-rate data assimilation on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model's precipitation prediction, considering 15 days in summer 2022 and 17 days in fall 2022, where moderate to intense precipitation was observed over Italy. A 3DVar realised at CNR-ISAC (National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate) is used to assimilate two different satellite-derived rain rate products, both exploiting geostationary (GEO), infrared (IR), and low-Earth-orbit (LEO) microwave (MW) measurements: One is based on an artificial neural network (NN), and the other one is the operational P-IN-SEVIRI-PMW product (H60), delivered in near-real time by the EUMETSAT HSAF (Satellite Application Facility in Support of Operational Hydrology and Water Management). The forecast is verified in two periods: the hours from 1 to 4 (1–4 h phase) and the hours from 3 to 6 (3–6 h phase) after the assimilation. The results show that the rain rate assimilation improves the precipitation forecast in both seasons and for both forecast phases, even if the improvement in the 3–6 h phase is found mainly in summer. The assimilation of H60 produces a high number of false alarms, which has a negative impact on the forecast, especially for intense events (30 mm/3 h). The assimilation of the NN rain rate gives more balanced predictions, improving the control forecast without significantly increasing false alarms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research on baggage flow plays a pivotal role in achieving the efficient and intelligent allocation and scheduling of airport service resources, as well as serving as a fundamental element in determining the design, development, and process optimization of airport baggage handling systems. This paper examines baggage checked in by departing passengers at airports. The crrent state of the research on baggage flow demand is first reviewed and analyzed. Then, using examples of objective data, it is concluded that while there is a significant correlation between airport passenger flow and baggage flow, an increase in passenger flow does not necessarily result in a proportional increase in baggage flow. According to the existing research results on the influencing factors of baggage flow sorting and classification, the main influencing factors of baggage flow are divided into two categories: macro-influencing factors and micro-influencing factors. When studying the relationship between the economy and baggage flow, it is recommended to use a comprehensive analysis that includes multiple economic indicators, rather than relying solely on GDP. This paper provides a brief overview of prevalent transportation flow prediction methods, categorizing algorithmic models into three groups: based on mathematical and statistical models, intelligent algorithmic-based models, and combined algorithmic models utilizing artificial neural networks. The structures, strengths, and weaknesses of various transportation flow prediction algorithms are analyzed, as well as their application scenarios. The potential advantages of using artificial neural network-based combined prediction models for baggage flow forecasting are explained. It concludes with an outlook on research regarding the demand for baggage flow. This review may provide further research assistance to scholars in airport management and baggage handling system development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the economic optimisation of cold storage is studied. A modern cold room is mainly composed of compressors, a tank to store heat-transfer fluid and cold rooms. The main cost is incurred by energy consumption and maintenance. The price of electricity, which is known in advance, varies during the day. Production schedules that entail higher risks of compressor wear, and thus high maintenance costs, have to be avoided. The temperature inside the cold rooms must be maintained within the allowed range, and complex thermodynamic processes make it difficult to predict temperature. The tank has a limited capacity. This paper presents the first model optimising the management cost of a cold store with a tank. Maintenance costs are considered for compressors, and Artificial Neural Networks are used to forecast the temperatures in the cold rooms. An optimal Dynamic Programme is designed for the case with one cold room and a matheuristic algorithm is presented for the general case with several cold rooms. A comparison with a classical hysteresis controller shows significant savings. The impact of storage capacity on operating costs is evaluated, after which the influence of the maintenance cost value is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of coal mining, one of the main reasons for the high labor intensity of workers and the frequent occurrence of casualties is the low level of intelligence of coal mining equipment. As the core equipment in the process of coal mining, the intelligence level of shearers directly affects the safety production and mining efficiency of coal mines. Coal and rock recognition technology is the core technology used to realize the intelligentization of shearers, which is an urgent technical problem to be solved in the field of coal mining. In this paper, coal seam images, rock stratum images, and coal–rock mixed-layer images of a coal mining area are taken as the research object, and key technologies such as the construction of a sample image library, classification and recognition, and semantic segmentation are studied by using the relevant theoretical knowledge of artificial neural network models. Firstly, the BP neural network is used to classify and identify coal seam images, rock stratum images, and coal–rock mixed-layer images, so as to distinguish which of the current mining targets of a shearer is the coal seam, rock stratum, or coal–rock mixed layer. Because different mining objectives will lead to different working modes of a shearer, it is necessary to maintain normal power to cut coal when encountering a coal seam, to stop working when encountering rock stratum, and to cut coal along the boundary between a coal seam and rock stratum when encountering a coal–rock mixed stratum. Secondly, the DeepLabv3+ model is used to perform semantic segmentation experiments on the coal–rock mixed-layer images. The purpose is to find out the distribution of coal and rocks in the coal–rock mixed layer in the coal mining area, so as to provide technical support for the automatic adjustment height of the shearer. Finally, the research in this paper achieved a 97.16% recognition rate in the classification and recognition experiment of the coal seam images, rock stratum images, and coal–rock mixed-layer images and a 91.2% accuracy in the semantic segmentation experiment of the coal–rock mixed-layer images. The research results of the two experiments provide key technical support for improving the intelligence level of shearers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orchard monitoring is a vital direction of scientific research and practical application for increasing fruit production in ecological conditions. Recently, due to the development of technology and the decrease in equipment cost, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles and artificial intelligence algorithms for image acquisition and processing has achieved tremendous progress in orchards monitoring. This paper highlights the new research trends in orchard monitoring, emphasizing neural networks, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and various concrete applications. For this purpose, papers on complex topics obtained by combining keywords from the field addressed were selected and analyzed. In particular, the review considered papers on the interval 2017-2022 on the use of neural networks (as an important exponent of artificial intelligence in image processing and understanding) and UAVs in orchard monitoring and production evaluation applications. Due to their complexity, the characteristics of UAV trajectories and flights in the orchard area were highlighted. The structure and implementations of the latest neural network systems used in such applications, the databases, the software, and the obtained performances are systematically analyzed. To recommend some suggestions for researchers and end users, the use of the new concepts and their implementations were surveyed in concrete applications, such as a) identification and segmentation of orchards, trees, and crowns; b) detection of tree diseases, harmful insects, and pests; c) evaluation of fruit production, and d) evaluation of development conditions. To show the necessity of this review, in the end, a comparison is made with review articles with a related theme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of Machine Learning and Internet of Things, numerous sensing devices collect sensory information for various industries. Aerobics, a popular and energetic sport, benefits from analyzing and researching the training approaches of high-level university and college teams. However, the complexity and diversity of sensor data require systematic classification and adaptive preprocessing for effective human motion recognition. Based on these, this paper aimed at the balance ability of aerobics students and analyzed and studied the balance ability of aerobics students through wireless sensor networks. Furthermore, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of how to use a class of enhanced machine learning approaches, such as Artificial Neural Networks, to facilitate analytics and learning in the wireless sensor networks domain by utilizing continuous sensor data. During experimental work, this study selects 10 third-year students in a college of physical education, and the subjects were divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group collecting their data by continuous sensors. The experimental group mainly carried out special training and elastic band exercises within eight weeks. After eight weeks of elastic training, eight indexes of the left and right legs, including anterior (ANT), anterolateral (ALAT), lateral (LAT), posterolateral (PLAT), posterior (POST), posteromedial (PMED), medial (MED), and anteromedial (AMED) were improved (P < 0.01), but the indexes with the left foot as the fulcrum were not significantly improved. By using the 8-week elastic band training method, the technical indexes such as single leg lifting and single leg rotation of aerobics students were significantly improved (P < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the perspective of the wide population of high-school teens, choosing a suitable university can help students take advantage of their strengths better, and ultimately affect their life journey. In general, the world university rankings analyze each post-secondary college through the aspects of their teaching, research, and the future employment of their students, which provides important information for students and guides their choices. However, different rankings have distinct focuses and different weights on each indicator, which may mislead students, and possibly cause confusion. Therefore, this paper takes THE Rankings as an example, utilizes statistical theories to analyze the rationality of performance indicators, and uses principal component analysis (PCA) to optimize the weights of each indicator, so the scores and rankings will accurately reflect the characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of each university. Also, the data of the top 200 universities in the past years is used to train a neural network model to predict the future rankings, providing a reference for senior high-school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within a river catchment, the relationship between pollutant load migration and its related factors is nonlinear generally. When neural network models are used to identify the nonlinear relationship, data scarcity and random weight initialization might result in overfitting and instability. In this paper, we propose an averaged weight initialization neural network (AWINN) to realize the multi-index integrated prediction of a pollutant load under data scarcity. The results show that (1) compared with the particle swarm optimization neural network (PSONN) and AdaboostR models that prevent overfitting, AWINN improved simulation accuracy significantly. The R2 in test sets of different pollutant load models reached 0.51–0.80. (2) AWINN is effective in overcoming instability. With more hidden layers, the stability of the models' outputs was stronger. (3) Sobol sensitivity analysis explained that the main influencing factors of the whole process were the flows of the catchment inlet and outlet, and main factors changed across seasons. The algorithm proposed in this paper can realize stably integrated prediction of pollutant load in the catchment under data scarcity and help to understand the mechanism that influences pollutant load migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research has revealed that subtle imperceptible perturbations can deceive well-trained neural network models, leading to inaccurate outcomes. These instances, known as adversarial examples, pose significant threats to the secure application of machine learning techniques in safety-critical systems. In this paper, we delve into the study of one-pixel attacks in deep neural networks, recently reported as a kind of adversarial examples. To identify such one-pixel attacks, most existing methodologies rely on the differential evolution method, which utilizes random selection from the current population to escape local optima. However, the differential evolution technique might waste search time and overlook good solutions if the number of iterations is insufficient. Hence, in this paper, we propose a gradient ascent with momentum approach to efficiently discover good solutions for the one-pixel attack problem. As our method takes a more direct route to the goal compared to existing methods relying on blind random walks, it can effectively identify one-pixel attacks. Our experiments conducted on popular CNNs demonstrate that, in comparison with existing methodologies, our technique can detect one-pixel attacks significantly faster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operation of modern power systems requires a sophisticated technological infrastructure to effectively manage and evaluate their parameters and performance. This infrastructure includes the generation, transmission and distribution power system components. This paper provides an overview of the loss evaluation to a part of Kosovo’s power system, substation with wind and photovoltaic (PV) energy sources integrated (SS Mramori, SS Kitka, and SS Kamenica) and the analysis of the loss assessment methods. One the assessment method in the research encompass simulated loss scenarios and their corresponding values in network components, employing the simulation based on the respective software tools. In current trends, power systems are visualized through the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) platform. However, in Kosovo, although losses are integral to the SCADA system, they are represented as a overall value in the online mode, not encompassed depict losses per-components in real-time. This limitation hinders effective online power system optimization regarding the losses. As consequence, the purpose of this study is proposal a logical method developed through neural networks. The methodology incorporates various parameters, including as inputs variables; voltages, currents, active and reactive powers, and their computed values for extracting losses (X(x1, x2, ..., xn )). These parameters undergo systematic processing through hidden layers (Y(x1, x2, ..., xn )), leading to the classification of components within the power system. Finally, at the output stage (A(x1, x2, ..., xn )), an assessment is conducted based on the level of losses observed in the components of the power system. This implementation method promises significant benefits for transmission systems, impacting not only reducing losses, power quality but also yielding economic advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have addressed supply chain that shows the importance of the subject and the competition in the supply chain consisting of several companies. The previous studies address the issue of reducing the Bullwhip Effect in the supply chain, which is possible by predicting the correct amount of customer demand. This paper improves the accuracy of the model prediction and reduces the existing error in the previous models to attain an accurate and very close-to-reality forecast and also to reduce the Bullwhip Effect in the supply chain. Literature shows the absence of research on the presentation of a metaheuristic algorithm consisting of a neural network and bat algorithm to forecast supply chain demand in manufacturing companies; therefore, this article is innovative. On the other hand, no researchers have addressed Bullwhip Effect reduction using mixed metaheuristic algorithms. Therefore, this article improves the previous models, reduces the number of errors in demand forecasting, and reduces the Bullwhip Effect. For this purpose, the scalable gradient algorithm method is used for better network training. The results indicate the optimal performance of neural network training with a comparable gradient and bat algorithm on reducing the Bullwhip Effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the method of measuring and analyzing the parameters of the retina with subsequent diagnosis based on them of pathological changes due to diabetic retinopathy, which is crucial in the field of medicine to help doctors in timely detection and treatment of the disease. The main problem of biomedical image data analysis is insufficient pre-processing of images for further clear determination of informative indicators. This paper explores the application of machine learning and image processing techniques to develop an effective method for the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. The main focus is on obtaining the optimal model using machine learning and different types of neural networks. This paper considered and analyzed such methods of image preprocessing as: median filtering, grayscale conversion, cropping of non-informative areas of the image, selection of contours. The classification results of three rules (Classical Neural Networks (CNNs), Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) were analyzed, and through experimental studies it was determined that the ANN performed the task best (accuracy=87.1 %, reliability=84.6 %, sensitivity=91.6 %, specificity=84 %). An information model was obtained to support decision-making in assessing the condition of the retina using the processing of the obtained microscopic images and further analysis of informative parameters, and a database of more than 35,000 samples and informative features of the retina was formed. Given the sufficient quality of classification and the availability of software and hardware, this method can be developed and applied in practice in medical institutions after conducting all the necessary clinical studies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human teams are able to easily perform collaborative manipulation tasks. However, simultaneously manipulating a large extended object for a robot and human is a difficult task due to the inherent ambiguity in the desired motion. Our approach in this paper is to leverage data from human-human dyad experiments to determine motion intent for a physical human-robot co-manipulation task. We do this by showing that the human-human dyad data exhibits distinct torque triggers for a lateral movement. As an alternative intent estimation method, we also develop a deep neural network based on motion data from human-human trials to predict future trajectories based on past object motion. We then show how force and motion data can be used to determine robot control in a human-robot dyad. Finally, we compare human-human dyad performance to the performance of two controllers that we developed for human-robot co-manipulation. We evaluate these controllers in three-degree-of-freedom planar motion where determining if the task involves rotation or translation is ambiguous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the computation issue of portfolio optimisation with scenario-based mean-Average Value at Risk (AVaR) in credibilistic environment. The portfolio optimisation problem is designed in two cases: risk taker model and risk-averse model. The main idea is to replace the portfolio selection models with linear programming (LP) problems. Since the computing time required for solving LP greatly depends on the dimension and the structure of the problem, the conventional numerical methods are usually less effective in real-time applications. One promising approach to handle online applications is to employ recurrent neural networks based on circuit implementation. Hence, according to the convex optimisation theory and some concepts of ordinary differential equations, a neural network model for solving the LP problems related to portfolio selection problems is presented. The equilibrium point of the proposed model is proved to be equivalent to the optimal solution of the original problem. It is also shown that the proposed neural network model is stable in the sense of Lyapunov and it is globally convergent to an exact optimal solution of the portfolio selection problem with fuzzy returns. Some illustrative examples are provided to show the feasibility and the efficiency of the proposed method in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the projective synchronization problem of nonautonomous neural networks with time delay and Caputo derivative is researched. First, by introducing time delay and variable coefficient into the known neural network model, the neural network that can more accurately describe the interaction between neurons is given. Second, based on the improved neural network model, two global synchronization schemes are achieved, respectively. Finally, by constructing two novel Lyapunov functions and utilizing the properties of delay fractional-order differential inequalities, the asymptotic stability of the zero equilibrium point of the error system obtained from the master–slave systems is proved by some new developing analysis methods, respectively, and some criteria for global projective synchronization of delayed nonautonomous neural networks with Caputo derivatives are obtained, respectively, under two new synchronous controllers. In addition, the correctness of the theoretical results obtained in this paper is verified by some numerical simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting prediction is a crucial stage to utilize the stability, quality, and management of a hybrid power grid due to its dependency on weather conditions. In this paper, a short-term PV forecasting prediction model based on actual operational data collected from the PV experimental prototype installed at the engineering college of Misan University in Iraq is designed using various machine learning techniques. The collected data are initially classified into three diverse groups of atmosphere conditions—sunny, cloudy, and rainy meteorological cases—for various seasons. The data are taken for 3 min intervals to monitor the swift variations in PV power generation caused by atmospheric changes such as cloud movement or sudden changes in sunlight intensity. Then, an artificial neural network (ANN) technique is used based on the gray wolf optimization (GWO) and genetic algorithm (GA) as learning methods to enhance the prediction of PV energy by optimizing the number of hidden layers and neurons of the ANN model. The Python approach is used to design the forecasting prediction models based on four fitness functions: R2, MAE, RMSE, and MSE. The results suggest that the ANN model based on the GA algorithm accommodates the most accurate PV generation pattern in three different climatic condition tests, outperforming the conventional ANN and GWO-ANN forecasting models, as evidenced by the highest Pearson correlation coefficient values of 0.9574, 0.9347, and 0.8965 under sunny, cloudy, and rainy conditions, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A deep learning artificial neural network model developed in Tensorflow using the ReLU function is presented in this paper to determine the effect of nine different input parameters on the mechanical strength of self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SGC). With the application of the above model, it has been observed that the convergence outcome of our model is predicted with minimum error. The novelty of our model is the ReLU function which improves the accuracy of the results. Our study presents a systematic investigation of the compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile strengths of SGC depending upon nine vital parameters, such as GFS, Fly ash, NaOH, Na2SiO3 content, Age of specimens, Slump Value, T50, L Box and J Ring value as input. A large number of experiments were conducted to prepare a comprehensive database of the mechanical strength of Flyash-GFS-based SGC. The database has a total of 396 samples which were collected from 132 distinct mixtures, where the minimum and maximum compressive strength value is 7.7 Mpa and 66.7 Mpa, respectively. For the prediction based on deep learning, authors have performed an adequate number of iterations for both training and testing using error estimation parameters such as mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The error parameter values for the compressive strength of SGC are 2.42, 2.94 and 1.07, respectively, for MAE, RMSE and MSE. The other mechanical properties and their error parameter have also been thoroughly evaluated in our work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indoor localization for livestock is important as it facilitates effective monitoring and management of animals within confined spaces, such as barns or stables. By accurately tracking the position of individual animals, farmers and livestock managers can gain valuable insights into their behavior, health, and welfare. This information enables the early detection of potential issues, such as diseases or injuries, allowing for prompt intervention and treatment. While GPS sensors offer global position estimation, they are limited to outdoor environments and inherently exhibit inaccuracies of several meters. In indoor spaces, alternative sensors like lasers and cameras can estimate positions, but they necessitate maps and substantial computational resources to process complex algorithms. Presently, Wireless Networks (WN) are extensively accessible in indoor environments, providing efficient global localization with relatively low cost and computing demands. This paper presents a novel approach to estimate the location of cows in a given area using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) applied to LQI data. This method aims to improve the efficiency of livestock management, particularly in large-scale farming operations, by enabling precise tracking and monitoring of individual animals. Our proposed model leverages data from wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and demonstrates promising results in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. This study contributes to the ongoing research in smart agriculture and the application of advanced technologies in the livestock industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the ever-increasing population, increasing daily use of vehicles, increasing thefts, and traffic rule violations, maintaining a manual record of these vehicles is extremely difficult and impracticable. Today, we need sophisticated technologies to create a virtual network of law enforcement that can operate autonomously without human involvement. Gone are the days when tens of policemen were stationed every 10 km (miles) to monitor the traffic and enforce traffic restrictions. An automatic number plate detection system is designed in this paper in order to manage traffic, thefts, and toll collection. The designed system is cost-efficient and uses a widely used software named MATLAB. It involves three main phases: pre-processing, detection, and recognition. Character segmentation, Optical Character Recognition (OCR) techniques are used followed by an artificial neural network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large concrete structures such as buildings, bridges, and tunnels are aging. In Japan and many other countries, those built during economic reconstruction after World War II are about 60 to 70 years old, and flacking and other problems are becoming more noticeable. Periodic inspections were made mandatory by government and ministerial ordinance during the 2013-2014 fiscal year, and inspections based on the new standards have just begun. There are various methods to check the soundness of concrete, but the hammering test is widely used because it does not require special equipment. However, long experience is required to master the hammering test. Therefore, mechanization is desired. Although the difference between the sound of a defective part and a normal part is very small, we have shown that neural network is useful in our research. To use this technology in the actual field, it is necessary to meet the forms of concrete structures in various conditions. For example, flacking in concrete exists at various depths, and it is impossible to learn about flacking in all cases. This paper presents the results of a study of the possibility of finding flacking at different depths with a single inspection learning model and an idea to increase the accuracy of a learning model when we use a rolling hammer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern networks are at risk from a variety of threats as a result of the enormous growth in internet-based traffic. By consuming time and resources, intrusive traffic hampers the efficient operation of network infrastructure. An effective strategy for preventing, detecting, and mitigating intrusion incidents will increase productivity. A crucial element of secure network traffic is Intrusion Detection System (IDS). An IDS system may be host-based or network-based to monitor intrusive network activity. Finding unusual internet traffic has become a severe security risk for intelligent devices. These systems are negatively impacted by several attacks, which are slowing computation. In addition, networked communication anomalies and breaches must be detected using Machine Learning (ML). This paper uses the NSL-KDD data set to propose a novel IDS based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). As a result, theML model generalizes sufficiently to perform well on untried data. The NSL-KDD dataset shall be utilized for both training and testing. In this paper, we present a custom ANN model architecture using the Keras open-source software package. The specific arrangement of nodes and layers, along with the activation functions, enhances the model’s ability to capture intricate patterns in network data. The performance of the ANN is carefully tested and evaluated, resulting in the identification of a maximum detection accuracy of 97.5%. We thoroughly compared our suggested model to industry-recognized benchmarkmethods, such as decision classifier combinations and ML classifiers like k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Deep Learning (DL), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Deep Neural Network (DNN), and ANN. It is encouraging to see that our model consistently outperformed each of these tried-and-true techniques in all evaluations. This result underlines the effectiveness of the suggestedmethodology by demonstrating the ANN’s capacity to accurately assess the effectiveness of the developed strategy in identifying and categorizing instances of network intrusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few years, there has been a growing interest in this field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This review paper aims to examine the extent to which AI has been adopted across various domains in different regions of the world. Specifically, this study seeks to explore the effectiveness of AI in areas such as banking, governance, judiciary, and agriculture. While AI's impact on these areas has been studied before, this research focuses on aspects that have not been given much needed attention so far. The study will begin by offering an overview of AI's development from a regional perspective, analyzing 63 articles from leading journals and institutions to identify the most commonly used terminologies, theories, and technologies. The increasing computational power has played a crucial role in the advancement of AI. However, the role of AI in governance, judiciary, and legislature system has not been explored in depth in previous research. Furthermore, most studies tend to focus on single domain, whereas this paper aims to examine several domains and their relationship to AI. The study presents several AI-driven techniques, including Deep Neural Net (DNN), Artificial Neural Net (ANN), Candlestick Plots, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Explainable Deep Neural Net (xDNN), Attentional Maps, Digital Inventory, Deep Learning among others, that can be applied to enhance society's performance in different domains. The research also delves deeper into the judiciary domain, proposing specific AI techniques that could be useful in this field. Additionally, tables summarizing different AI tactics relevant to each domain are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers human face for pose invariant face recognition as a biometric parameter. There are lots of methods proposed for the face recognition. Face recognition by Neural Network and PCA is common method used now days. But every time it is not possible that the situation or poses are same. Due to some reasons the conditions are change like wink position, blinking, left pose, right pose, etc. In such cases recognition goes difficult. This paper focused on pose invariant human face recognition system and as a result we focus on face recognition system using PCA with feed forward Neural (Multilayer) Networks for recognition of human face irrespective of pose of face in images. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is used as a feature extractor whereas Neural (Feed Forward) Network is used for classification. We refer Yale Face Database with 11 images for each subject in which is having poses like wink, open mouth, smile etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, in the age of computers and automation of services, deep learning (DL) technology, mainly the subset of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI), is expressively used in innumerable domains of computer vision such as data analysis, image recognition, classification, natural language processing, and many more. It has become the foremost choice of researchers as of its effectiveness in producing decent results. This paper presents detailed and analytical literature starting from the very elementary level to the recent trends of this trending technology while focusing on the most used DL model, that is, convolutional neural network and its pretrained models for image classification and object detection. It also reviews diverse existing current literature based on this. Further, a brief introduction of AI, ML, and DL has also been presented, making the foundation for the readers. As pretrained models continuously give an upper edge to DL over ML and other technologies, 23 most popular pretrained models with their architectural diagrams have also been presented. This paper aims to summarize and analyze all the concepts used to formulate DL and its models. Also, we have emphasized more on the GoogleNet models and the entire Inception modules in detail. Finally, the fascinating applications and discussion on integral components of DL have been presented. This paper will definitely draw the attention of the students and researchers working in the area of DL and its models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Due to its potential to produce substantial returns and reduce risks, stock price prediction has garnered a lot of attention in the financial markets. OBJECTIVES: A comparison of neural network models for stock price prediction is presented in this research report. METHODS: Through this study, I aim to compare, on the basis of the precision and accuracy, the performance of different neural network models for stock price prediction. LSTM model along with RNN model accuracy in predicting the next day's stock price i.e., which model can predict closest to the actual value. RESULTS: It is found that LSTM works better than RNN in predicting a value closer to the actual open price stock value. CONCLUSION: A comparison between the models shows LSTM is the more accurate model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a novel architecture—bidirectional optical neural network (BONN)—for providing backward connections alongside forward connections in artificial neural networks (ANNs). BONN incorporates laser diodes and photodiodes and exploits the properties of Köhler illumination to establish optical channels for backward directions. Thus, it has bidirectional functionality that is crucial for algorithms such as the backpropagation algorithm. BONN has a scaling limit of 96 × 96 for input and output arrays, and a throughput of 8.5 × 1015 MAC/s. While BONN's throughput may rise with additional layers for continuous input, limitations emerge in the backpropagation algorithm, as its throughput does not scale with layer count. The successful BONN-based implementation of the backpropagation algorithm requires the development of a fast spatial light modulator to accommodate frequent data flow changes. A two-mirror-like BONN and its cascaded extension are alternatives for multilayer emulation, and they help save hardware space and increase the parallel throughput for inference. An investigation into the application of the clustering technique to BONN revealed its potential to help overcome scaling limits and to provide full interconnections for backward directions between doubled input and output ports. BONN's bidirectional nature holds promise for enhancing supervised learning in ANNs and increasing hardware compactness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the basic activities of human beings, the analysis of walking is of great significance in clinical research. In this paper, we analyzed the published plantar pressure dataset Gait in Parkinson's Disease, designed a method to divide the gait period, and extracted the characteristic parameters of gait. A hybrid neural network (GRU-DNN) was applied to classify Parkinson's disease by combining the gated circulation unit (GRU) and the deep neural network (DNN). Data analysis provided more objective basis for clinical diagnosis, thereby assisting doctors in diagnosing the disease. To verify the effectiveness of the method, the network was used to classify and predict gait information with disease labels in the dataset. In Parkinson's disease diagnosis experiment, the recognition accuracy of this network was 98.7%. In the Parkinson's severity diagnosis experiment, the network achieved 100% recognition accuracy for severity level 2, and 98% for the rest of the severity level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As deep learning has evolved, larger and deeper neural networks are currently a popular trend in both natural language processing tasks and computer vision tasks. With the increasing parameter size and model complexity in deep neural networks, it is also necessary to have more data available for training to avoid overfitting and to achieve better results. These facts demonstrate that training deep neural networks takes more and more time. In this paper, we propose a training acceleration method based on gradually freezing the parameters during the training process. Specifically, by observing the convergence trend during the training of deep neural networks, we freeze part of the parameters so that they are no longer involved in subsequent training and reduce the time cost of training. Furthermore, an adaptive freezing algorithm for the control of freezing speed is proposed in accordance with the information reflected by the gradient of the parameters. Concretely, a larger gradient indicates that the loss function changes more drastically at that position, implying that there is more room for improvement with the parameter involved; a smaller gradient indicates that the loss function changes less and the learning of that part is close to saturation, with less benefit from further training. We use ViTDet as our baseline and conduct experiments on three remote sensing target detection datasets to verify the effectiveness of the method. Our method provides a minimum speedup ratio of 1.38×, while maintaining a maximum accuracy loss of only 2.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs) driven with a square-wave control (i.e., six-step, block, or 120° control), known commonly as brushless direct current (BLDC) drives, are used widely due to their high power density and control simplicity. The advance firing (AF) angle is employed to achieve improved operation characteristics of the drive. The AF angle is, in general, applied to compensate for the commutation effects. In the case of an IPMSM, the AF angle can also be adjusted to exploit reluctance torque. In this paper, a detailed study was performed to understand its effect on the drive's performance in regard to reluctance torque. Furthermore, a multi-objective optimization of the machine's cross-section using neural network models was conducted to enhance performance at a constant AF angle. The reference and improved machine designs were evaluated in a system-level simulation, where the impact was considered of the commutation of currents. A significant improvement in the machine performance was achieved after optimizing the geometry and implementing a fixed AF angle of 10°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of Ti alloy casing is crucial for the safe and stable operation of aero engines. However, the fluctuation of key process parameters during the investment casting process of titanium alloy casings has a significant influence on the volume and number of porosity defects, and this influence cannot be effectively suppressed at present. Therefore, this paper proposes a strategy to control the influence of process parameters on shrinkage volume and number. This study constructed multiple regression prediction models and neural network prediction models of porosity volume and number for a ZTC4 casing by simulating the gravity investment casting process. The results show that the multiple regression prediction model and neural network prediction model of shrinkage cavity total volume have an accuracy of over 99%. The accuracy of the neural network prediction model is higher than that of the multiple regression model, and the neural network model realizes the accurate prediction of shrinkage defect volume and defect number through pouring temperature, pouring time, and mold shell temperature. The sensitivity degree of casing defects to key process parameters, from high to low, is as follows: pouring temperature, pouring time, and mold temperature. Further optimizing the key process parameter window reduces the influence of process parameter fluctuation on the volume and number of porosity defects in casing castings. This study provides a reference for actual production control process parameters to reduce shrinkage cavity and loose defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic (PV) panels are one of the popular green energy resources and PV panel parameter estimations are one of the popular research topics in PV panel technology. The PV panel parameters could be used for PV panel health monitoring and fault diagnosis. Recently, a PV panel parameters estimation method based in neural network and numerical current predictor methods has been developed. However, in order to further improve the estimation accuracies, a new approach of PV panel parameter estimation is proposed in this paper. The output current and voltage dynamic responses of a PV panel are measured, and the time series of the I–V vectors will be used as input to an artificial neural network (ANN)-based PV model parameter range classifier (MPRC). The MPRC is trained using an I–V dataset with large variations in PV model parameters. The results of MPRC are used to preset the initial particles' population for a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The PSO algorithm is used to estimate the PV panel parameters and the results could be used for PV panel health monitoring and the derivation of maximum power point tracking (MMPT). Simulations results based on an experimental I–V dataset and an I–V dataset generated by simulation show that the proposed algorithms can achieve up to 3.5% accuracy and the speed of convergence was significantly improved as compared to a purely PSO approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an intelligent system for the dynamic estimation of sheep body weight (BW). The methodology used to estimate body weight is based on measuring seven biometric parameters: height at withers, rump height, body length, body diagonal length, total body length, semicircumference of the abdomen, and semicircumference of the girth. A biometric parameter acquisition system was developed using a Kinect as a sensor. The results were contrasted with measurements obtained manually with a flexometer. The comparison gives an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 9.91 and a mean R 2 of 0.81. Subsequently, the parameters were used as input in a back-propagation artificial neural network. Performance tests were performed with different combinations to make the best choice of architecture. In this way, an intelligent body weight estimation system was obtained from biometric parameters, with a 5.8% RMSE in the weight estimations for the best architecture. This approach represents an innovative, feasible, and economical alternative to contribute to decision-making in livestock production systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accurate prediction of gas well production is one of the key factors affecting the economical and efficient development of tight gas wells. The traditional oil and gas well production prediction method assumes strict conditions and has a low prediction accuracy in actual field applications. At present, intelligent algorithms based on big data have been applied in oil and gas well production prediction, but there are still some limitations. Only learning from data leads to the poor generalization ability and anti-interference ability of prediction models. To solve this problem, a production prediction method of tight gas wells based on the decline curve and data-driven neural network is established in this paper. Based on the actual production data of fractured horizontal wells in three tight gas reservoirs in the Ordos Basin, the prediction effect of the Arps decline curve model, the SPED decline curve model, the MFF decline curve model, and the combination of the decline curve and data-driven neural network model is compared and analyzed. The results of the case analysis show that the MFF model and the combined data-driven model have the highest accuracy, the average absolute percentage error is 14.11%, and the root-mean-square error is 1.491, which provides a new method for the production prediction of tight gas wells in the Ordos Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep clustering is an approach that uses deep learning to cluster data, since it involves training a neural network model to become familiar with a data representation that is suitable for clustering. Deep clustering has been applied to a wide range of data types, including images, texts, time series and has the advantage of being able to automatically learn features from the data, which can be more effective than using hand-crafted features. It is also able to handle high-dimensional data, such as time series with many variables, which can be challenging for traditional clustering techniques. In this paper, we introduce a novel deep neural network type to improve the performance of the auto-encoder part by ignoring the unnecessary extra-noises and labelling the input data. Our approach is helpful when just a limited amount of labelled data is available, but labelling a big amount of data would be costly or time-consuming. It also applies for the data in high-dimensional and difficult to define a good set of features for clustering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We draw on a substantial body of theoretical and empirical research on movement and behavior tracking tools, remote sensing and geospatial artificial intelligence technologies, and metaverse assets and services. We carried out a quantitative literature review of ProQuest, Scopus, and the Web of Science throughout May 2023, with search terms including "Web3-powered metaverse worlds" + "neural network-based recognition and virtual simulation algorithms," "interactive 3D geo-visualization and neuromorphic computing systems," and "tactile sensing and cognitive modeling technologies." As we analyzed research published in 2022 and 2023, only 187 papers met the eligibility criteria. By removing controversial or unclear findings (scanty/unimportant data), results unsupported by replication, undetailed content, or papers having quite similar titles, we decided on 41, chiefly empirical, sources. Data visualization tools: Dimensions (bibliometric mapping) and VOSviewer (layout algorithms). Reporting quality assessment tool: PRISMA. Methodological quality assessment tools include: AMSTAR, Distiller SR, ROBIS, and SRDR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic to Eastern and South-Eastern Asia, and, in 2020, 77% of global cases were diagnosed in these regions. Apart from its distinct epidemiology, the natural behavior, treatment, and prognosis are different from other head and neck cancers. With the growing trend of artificial intelligence (AI), especially deep learning (DL), in head and neck cancer care, we sought to explore the unique clinical application and implementation direction of AI in the management of NPC. Methods: The search protocol was performed to collect publications using AI, machine learning (ML) and DL in NPC management from PubMed, Scopus and Embase. The articles were filtered using inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the quality of the papers was assessed. Data were extracted from the finalized articles. Results: A total of 78 articles were reviewed after removing duplicates and papers that did not meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After quality assessment, 60 papers were included in the current study. There were four main types of applications, which were auto-contouring, diagnosis, prognosis, and miscellaneous applications (especially on radiotherapy planning). The different forms of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) accounted for the majority of DL algorithms used, while the artificial neural network (ANN) was the most frequent ML model implemented. Conclusion: There is an overall positive impact identified from AI implementation in the management of NPC. With improving AI algorithms, we envisage AI will be available as a routine application in a clinical setting soon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a two-stage stochastic mathematical model is developed for an asset protection routing problem under a wildfire. The main aim of this study is to reduce the negative impact of a wildfire. Some parameters, such as travel and service times, obtaining profit by protecting an asset, and upper bounds of time windows, are considered as stochastic parameters. Generating proper scenarios for uncertain parameters has a large impact on the accuracy of the obtained solutions. Therefore, artificial neural networks are employed to extract possible scenarios according to previous actual wildfire events. The problem cannot be solved by exact solvers for large instances, so two matheuristic algorithms are proposed in this study to solve the problem in a reasonable time. In the first algorithm, a set of feasible routes is generated based on a heuristic approach, then a route-based mathematical model is used to obtain the final solution. Also, another matheuristic algorithm based on adaptive large neighbourhood search (ALNS) is proposed. In this algorithm, routing decisions are determined using the ALNS algorithm while other decisions are achieved by solving an intermediate mathematical model. The numerical analysis confirms the efficiency of both proposed algorithms; however, the first algorithm performs more efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this paper, a novel approach involving a fractional recurrent neural network (RNN) is proposed to achieve the observer-based synchronization of a cancer cell model. According to the properties of recurrent neural networks, our proposed framework serves as a predictive method for the behavior of fractional-order chaotic cancer systems with uncertain orders. Through a stability analysis of weight updating laws, we design a fractional-order Nonlinear Autoregressive with Exogenous Inputs (NARX) network, in which its learning algorithm demonstrates admissible and faster convergence. The main contribution of this paper lies in the development of a fractional neural observer for the fractional-order cancer systems, which is robust in the presence of uncertain orders. The proposed fractional-order model for cancer can capture complex and nonlinear behaviors more accurately than traditional integer-order models. This improved accuracy can provide a more realistic representation of cancer dynamics. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, where mean square errors of synchronization by applying integer and fractional weight matrix laws are calculated. The density of tumor cell, density of healthy host cell and density of effector immune cell errors for the observer-based synchronization of fractional-order (OSFO) cancer system are less than 0.0.0048, 0.0062 and 0.0068, respectively. Comparative tables are provided to validate the improved accuracy achieved by the proposed framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately identifying the boundaries of agricultural land is critical to the effective management of its resources. This includes the determination of property and land rights, the prevention of non-agricultural activities on agricultural land, and the effective management of natural resources. There are various methods for accurate boundary detection, including traditional measurement methods and remote sensing, and the choice of the best method depends on specific objectives and conditions. This paper proposes the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as an efficient and effective tool for the automatic recognition of agricultural land boundaries. The objective of this research paper is to develop an automated method for the recognition of agricultural land boundaries using deep neural networks and Sentinel 2 multispectral imagery. The Buinsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, which is known to be an agricultural region, was chosen for this study because of the importance of the accurate detection of its agricultural land boundaries. Linknet, a deep neural network architecture with skip connections between encoder and decoder, was used for semantic segmentation to extract arable land boundaries, and transfer learning using a pre-trained EfficientNetB3 model was used to improve performance. The Linknet + EfficientNetB3 combination for semantic segmentation achieved an accuracy of 86.3% and an f1 measure of 0.924 on the validation sample. The results showed a high degree of agreement between the predicted field boundaries and the expert-validated boundaries. According to the results, the advantages of the method include its speed, scalability, and ability to detect patterns outside the study area. It is planned to improve the method by using different neural network architectures and prior recognized land use classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facial emotion recognition (FER) is a computer vision process aimed at detecting and classifying human emotional expressions. FER systems are currently used in a vast range of applications from areas such as education, healthcare, or public safety; therefore, detection and recognition accuracies are very important. Similar to any computer vision task based on image analyses, FER solutions are also suitable for integration with artificial intelligence solutions represented by different neural network varieties, especially deep neural networks that have shown great potential in the last years due to their feature extraction capabilities and computational efficiency over large datasets. In this context, this paper reviews the latest developments in the FER area, with a focus on recent neural network models that implement specific facial image analysis algorithms to detect and recognize facial emotions. This paper's scope is to present from historical and conceptual perspectives the evolution of the neural network architectures that proved significant results in the FER area. This paper endorses convolutional neural network (CNN)-based architectures against other neural network architectures, such as recurrent neural networks or generative adversarial networks, highlighting the key elements and performance of each architecture, and the advantages and limitations of the proposed models in the analyzed papers. Additionally, this paper presents the available datasets that are currently used for emotion recognition from facial expressions and micro-expressions. The usage of FER systems is also highlighted in various domains such as healthcare, education, security, or social IoT. Finally, open issues and future possible developments in the FER area are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EEG has been proved to be an effective tool for researchers' cognition and mental workload by detecting the changes of brain activity potential. The mental workload of pilots in aviation flight is closely related to the characteristics of flight tasks. The previous methods have problems such as lack of objectivity, low EEG analysis ability and lack of real-time analysis ability. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a multi-dimensional data fusion brain workload calculation method based on flight effect evaluation, which integrates vision, operational behavior and visual gaze, and classifies and analyzes them in combination with EEG data. This method evaluates the mental workload of pilots from three aspects: visual gaze behavior, control behavior and flight effect in the simulated flight experimental environment, and realizes a more objective mental workload analysis. Then, the synchronously collected EEG data are segmented and sampled to form a dataset, and an LSTM neural network model integrating attention mechanism is established, in which the attention mechanism is used to improve the feature processing ability of the network model for the classification of complex EEG data. After machine learning training, the final model can achieve 94% detection accuracy for 2-s EEG data, and has the ability of real-time analysis in the application environment. Compared with the previous similar LSTM model, the accuracy is improved by 6%, which also shows the effectiveness of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the inherent periodicity of the angle, the direction of the object detected by the current rotating object detection algorithm is fuzzy. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a rotating object direction estimation method based on a neural network, which determines the unique direction of the object by predicting the direction vector of the object. Firstly, we use the two components (sin θ , cos θ) of the direction vector and the length and width parameters of the object to express the object model. Secondly, we construct a neural network model to predict the parameters used to express the object model. However, there is a constraint that the sum of the squares of the two components of the direction vector of the object is equal to 1. Because each output element of the neural network is independent, it is difficult to learn the constrained data between such neurons. Therefore, the function transformation model is designed, and the network transformation layer is added. Finally, affine transformation is used to transform the object parameters and carry out regression calculation, so as to detect the object and determine the direction of the object at the same time. This paper uses three sets of data to carry out the experiment, which are DOTA 1.5, HRSC, and UCAS-AOD data sets. It can be seen from the experimental results that for the object with correct ground truth, the proposed method can not only locate the object but also estimate the direction of the object accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]