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Contact Logics provide a natural framework for representing and reasoning about regions in several areas of computer science. In this paper, we focus our attention on reasoning methods for Contact Logics and address the satisfiability problem and the unifiability problem. Firstly, we give sound and complete tableaux-based decision procedures in Contact Logics and we obtain new results about the decidability/complexity of the satisfiability problem in these logics. Secondly, we address the computability of the unifiability problem in Contact Logics and we obtain new results about the unification type of the unifiability problem in these logics.

Transport levels continue to increase worldwide representing complex challenges to climate change prevention and the liveability of cities. Private car use in particular represents a critical problem due to its negative impacts on global climate, local air quality and congestion. In recent years, interest has arisen in the concept of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) as one possible path towards sustainable mobility futures. MaaS builds on the idea of a shift from private car ownershipto a seamlessly integrated system providing access to multimodal mobility options including public transport and shared mobility services like car and bike sharing. Currently, only few examples of MaaS exist (e.g. Whim in Finland) and knowledge of user experiences is limited.The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of how shared mobilities fit with the everyday life and social practices of citizens. Methodologically, the paper will draw on insights from qualitative interviews with families using shared mobility schemes in Copenhagen. The interviews will be informed by a practice theoretical approach focusing on how mobility practices are shaped through elements of materials, competences, and meaning (Shove and Pantzar, 2005) in order to study the ability of MaaS to fit people’s social practices. To inform the discussion of our empirical results, we include a literature review of existing studies of user experiences with Maas and a review and analysis of user practice representations in existing MaaS trials; i.e. how the use of MaaS is envisaged. challenges to climate change prevention and the liveability of cities. Private car use in particular represents a critical problem due to its negative impacts on global climate, local air quality and congestion. In recent years, interest has arisen in the concept of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) as one possible path towards sustainable mobility futures. MaaS builds on the idea of a shift from private car ownership to a seamlessly integrated system providing access to multimodal mobility options including public transport and shared mobility services like car and bike sharing. Currently, only few examples of MaaS exist (e.g. Whim in Finland) and knowledge of user experiences is limited.The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of how shared mobilities fit with the everyday life and social practices of citizens. Methodologically, the paper will draw on insights from qualitative interviews with families using shared mobility schemes in Copenhagen. The interviews will be informed by a practice theoretical approach focusing on how mobility practices are shaped through elements of materials, competences, and meaning (Shove and Pantzar, 2005) in order to study the ability of MaaS to fit people’s social practices. To inform the discussion of our empirical results, we include a literature review of existing studies of user experiences with Maas and a review and analysis of user practice representations in existing MaaS trials; i.e. how the use of MaaS is envisaged.

The interest in multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) has increased as the industrial processes have become more complex. This paper presents an industrial process involving a plastic part in which, due to the number of correlated variables, the inversion of the covariance matrix becomes impossible, and the classical MSPC cannot be used to identify physical aspects that explain the causes of variation or to increase the knowledge about the process behaviour. In order to solve this problem, a Multivariate Statistical Process Control based on Principal Component Analysis (MSPC-PCA) approach was used and an R code was developed to implement it according some commercial software used for this purpose, namely the ProMV (c) 2016 from ProSensus, Inc. (www.prosensus.ca). Based on used dataset, it was possible to illustrate the principles of MSPC-PCA. This work intends to illustrate the implementation of MSPC-PCA in R step by step, to help the user community of R to be able to perform it., FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(UID/CEC/00319/2013)

This paper studies the dynamic time-varying formation control of multi-agent systems. Aiming at the unmanned vehicle systems, based on the static time-varying formation in literature [18], a multi-agent dynamic time-varying formation control based on consistency is put forward. Additionally, the sufficient conditions for the agreement and the steps for solving the control parameters are given. The simulation is conducted to prove the effectiveness and robustness of the theoretical results.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las formas de sociabilidad entre estudiantes secundarios de dos escuelas de gestión estatal de la provincia de Buenos Aires en Argentina. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa cuyo corpus empírico está compuesto por sociogramas, entrevistas en profundidad y grupos focales realizados con alumnos durante los años 2012 y 2014. En un primer momento, se analizan los modos de agrupamiento de los jóvenes en cada una de sus escuelas. Luego, se indagan los motivos por los cuales los estudiantes se eligen o rechazan con sus compañeros. Por último, se interpreta que las diferentes formas de sociabilidad en cada escuela están asociadas al grado de movilidad del plantel estudiantil de cada institución. The aim of this paper is to analyze the forms of sociability among secondary school students in two state-managed schools in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The research was of a qualitative nature, and its empirical corpus consists of sociograms, in-depth interviews, and focus groups carried out with students in 2012 and 2014. First, the types of young people’s groups in each school are analyzed. Then the students’ motives for selecting or rejecting classmates are researched. Lastly, the different forms of sociability in each school are interpreted to be associated with the degree of student mobility in each institution. Fil: Di Napoli, Pablo Nahuel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofia y Letras. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Today, around the world, Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) project finance model is used frequently in numerous projects. One key aspect to the success of project company who wishing to gain BOT tender is to prepare a financial package consistent with the expectations of the related participants in accordance with BOT contract. The debt to equity ratio, the concession length and the unit prices are the important financial decision variables to be determined by the project company. The objective of this paper is to present financial optimization model including two different procurement objectives; (1) potential of winning a BOT project and (2) potential of finding debt. The optimization model solved by multi-objective evolutionary algorithm generate a set of pareto solutions to help project company assess the trade-offs between the two competing objectives. To show application of the model, a real airport YİD project in Turkey study is conducted., Bugün dünyada pek çok projede Yap İşlet Devret (YİD) proje finansman modelinin sıklıkla kullanıldığını gözlemlemekteyiz. YİD ihalesini kazanmak isteyen proje şirketinin başarısı için kilit görüş, YİD sözleşmesi gereğince ilişkide olduğu tarafların beklentileriyle uyumlu finansal bir paket hazırlamasıdır. Proje şirketinin belirleyeceği özsermaye borç oranı, imtiyaz (çalışma) süresi ve ürün/hizmetlerin birim fiyatları önemli finansal karar değişkenleridir. Proje şirketinin ihaleyi kazanma potansiyeli ve borç bulma potansiyeli iki farklı ihale hedefidir. Çalışmanın amacı, bu hedefleri içeren finansal optimizasyon modelini sunmaktır. Çok amaçlı evrimsel algoritma ile çözümlenen model, pareto çözümler kümesi sunarak, iki çelişen amaç arasındaki değişimi değerlendirmede karar vericilere yardımcı olmaktadır. Modelin uygulaması için Türkiye’deki bir havaalanı YİD projesi verileri kullanılmıştır.

The Cygnus Dual Beam Radiographic Facility consists of two identical radiographic sources each with a dose rating of ∼4-rad at 1 m, and a ∼1-mm diameter spot size. The development of the rod pinch diode (RPD) was responsible for the ability to meet these criteria. The RPD in each machine uses a 0.75-mm tungsten diameter tapered anode rod extended through a 9-mm diameter cathode aperture. When properly configured, the electron beam born off the aperture edge can self-insulate and pinch onto the tip of the rod creating an intense, small x-ray source. These sources are utilized in concert with an imaging system on complex experiments, which are single-shot, high-value events. In such an application there is an emphasis on machine performance (reliability and reproducibility). Vacuum quality is a significant determinator for source performance. In this paper we discuss the Cygnus Dual Beam Radiographic Facility, the associated vacuum systems, vacuum monitor calibration and a multi-purpose vacuum chamber. Vacuum system performance, using various enhancements, will be reported. Using the vacuum system enhancements, as well as other machine tweaks, recent source performance has improved. This new level of performance will be presented via dosimetry and electrical measurements.

The performance of spatial modulation (SM) is known to be dominated by the minimum Euclidean distance (MED) in the received SM constellation. In this paper, a symbol scaling technique is proposed for SM in the multiple-inputmultiple- output (MIMO) channel that enhances the MED to improve the performance of SM. This is achieved by forming fixed sets of candidate pre-scaling factors for the transmit antennas, which are randomly generated and are known at both the transmitter and receiver. For a given channel realization, the transmitter chooses the specific set of factors that maximizes the MED. Given the channel state information readily available at the receiver for detection, the receiver independently chooses the same set of pre-scaling factors and uses them for the detection of both the antenna index and the symbol of interest. We analytically calculate the attainable gains of the proposed technique in terms of its transmit diversity order based on both the distribution of the MED and on the theory of classical order statistics. Furthermore, we show that the proposed scheme offers a scalable performance-complexity tradeoff for SM by varying the number of candidate sets of pre-scaling factors, with significant performance improvements compared to conventional SM.

Rework in construction projects can cause significant waste of cost and time. Within lean construction practice, rework minimisation is of most interest among project managers. However, less attention has been paid to investigating rework reduction or avoidance in the housing supply chain. Given the increasing costs incurred due to rework generation, innovative approaches to reduce and avoid rework throughout the housing supply chain has never been more urgently required. Elaborating the root causes of rework is essential as it clearly highlights the role of various supply chain contributors. This paper investigates the root causes of rework in construction projects in general and in housing projects in particular. More specifically, the impact of rework on the entire housing supply chain will be explained.

The luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN requires the installation of additional collimators in the dispersion suppressor regions of the accelerator. The upgrade foresees the installation of one additional collimator on either side of interaction point 7 (IP7) at the location of the existing main dipoles (MBs) that will be replaced by shorter and more powerful dipoles, and of one additional collimator on either side of IP2 at the location of existing empty cryostats. This paper describes the design and the construction status of the full-length prototype of the 11-T dipole magnet, which is needed for IP7. This magnet features a two-in-one structure, like the LHC MB, impregnated coils made of Nb3Sn conductor, an inner bore of 60 mm, and a magnetic length of about 5.3 m. Two 11-T magnets are needed to replace a 15-m long MB. A by-pass cryostat placed in between the two magnets allows creating a room temperature space for the additional collimators. The magnet is designed to provide the same integrated field as the MB at nominal field. However, due to the difference in transfer function at lower field, a correction by means of a trim current has been considered. A full-length prototype is currently under construction at CERN with the goal of developing the manufacturing and inspection procedures prior to launch the series production. For this, new tooling has been developed and optimized during the fabrication of fully representative practice coils. This paper describes the design of the magnet, the main manufacturing steps, and corresponding quality indicators, which will be used to monitor the series production. Finally, the production and installation schedule will be presented.

This paper present the experimental work of double unit tunnel form building (TFB) subjected to in-plane lateral cyclic loading. A one third scale of 3-storey double unit of TFB is tested until its strength degradation. Then, the TFB is repaired and retrofitted using additional shear wall, steel angle and CFRP sheet. The crack patterns, lateral strength, stiffness, ductility and equivalent viscous damping (EVD) were analyzed and compared before and after repair and retrofit. The result indicates that the lateral strength increases by 22% in pushing and 27% in pulling direction. Moreover, the stiffness and ductility obtained before and after retrofit increase tremendously by 87.87% and 39.66%, respectively. Meanwhile, the energy absorption measured by equivalent viscous damping obtained after retrofit increase by 12.34% in pulling direction. It can be concluded that the proposed retrofit method is capable to increase the lateral strength capacity, stiffness and energy absorption of double unit TFB., {"references":["H. Kaplani, S. Yilmazi, N. Centinkaya and E. Atimtay \"Seismic\nstrengthening of RC structures with exterior shear walls\", Sadhana Vol.\n36, Part 1, February 2011, pp. 17-34, © Indian Academy of Sciences","S. Altin, U. Ersoyand T. Tankut, \"Hysteretic response of reinforce\nconcrete infilled frames\", ASCE J. Struct. Eng., 1992, 118(8): 2133–\n2150.","N. H. Hamid, N. D. Hadi, and K. D. Ghani, \"Retrofitting of beamcolumn\njoint using CFRP and steel plate\", International Journal of Civil,\nArchitectural Science and Engineering, 7, 542-548, 2013.","K. D. Ghani and N. H. Hamid, \"Seismic performance of SFRC beamcolumn\njoint with corbel under reversible lateral cyclic loading\",\nInternational Journal of Engineering and Technology (IACSIT), 4(1),\n76-80, 2012.","C. Balkaya and E. Kalkan, \"Nonlinear seismic response evaluation of\ntunnel form building structures\", Computational Structural Journal, 81,\npp 153-165, (2002).","S. Bahadir Yuksel, and E. Kalkan, \"Behaviour of tunnel form building\nunder quasi-static cyclic lateral loading\", Structural Engineering and\nMechanics, Vol. 4, No. 1, 26-33, 2012.","A. Abdul Razzaq Nasser Al-Aghabari, S.H. Hamzah, N.H. Hamid, and\nN. Rahman, \"Structural performance of two types wall slab connection\nunder out-of-plane lateral cyclic loading\", Journal of Engineering\nScience and Technology, Vol. 7, No. 2, 177-194, 2012.","S.A Anuar, N.H Hamid, and M.H. Hashim, \"Comparison of seismic\nbehaviour for a single unit tunnel form RC building before and after\nrepaired\", Advanced Material Research, Vol. 905, pp 254-258, 2014."]}

Purpose: Ludruk has a socio-cultural role for the people of East Java in the effort to preserve and develop the local culture. Especially as performing arts, ludruk can act as entertainment that can be enjoyed by various layers of society in East Java, the purpose of this study is: Describe the Improvement of the Management of the Organization of Performing Arts Ludruk Irama Sinar Nusantara Culture. Design/methodology/approach: This research is a qualitative sociological phenomenological study, based on the literature review. The data in this study form qualitative data consisting of three types, namely data behavior, oral data, and writing data. Instruments in this study are researchers themselves. Data analysis in this research consists of several activities that are done jointly, according to Miles and Huberman data reduction, display data and conclusion drawing / verification. Findings: The results of this study are: 1) In general in the approach of critical theorists of art and entertainment ludruk is the idea that they deserve attention for three reasons. First, the contents of art and works present a potentially revealing story of the human, social, and world way of working in the same way as the myth that offers a mimetic representation of the world of life experience. Secondly, ludruk as a means of art and entertainment produced reflects something from the way people live with real conditions is significant. Third, ludruk as an art, if not entertainment how able to entertain the fans as they start to switch to other entertainment. 2) Changes in the paradigm of technical managers in management skills so that the focus to practice the skills required to successfully manage ludruk seriously from various circles to preserve and develop it, to build maximum functional relationships with internal and external clients, it must have a management infusion by adopting the model most recently covering the organizational structure, the function of the marketing channel for the performing arts will lead to the improvement of the delivery of performing arts through more effective inter-organizational management, or certain services to predetermined consumption points, and more importantly improved performance is a change organizations in which managers and organizations that organize organizations place and manage programs that measure the current level of organizational performance and then generate ideas to modify organizational behavior and infrastructure incorporated into the temp at to achieve higher results. Originality/value: This paper is original Paper type: a Research Paper

This paper examines the practices of political branding that inform American election campaigns, deploying concepts such as ethical surplus, scripted messages, emotional appeal, and authenticity. Many politicians use such appeals to achieve the three goals of television campaign advertising: voter choice, voter mobilization, and voter acquisition. With reference to these concepts, my research question asks how candidates branded themselves in contrast to how their opponents branded them. This question was answered using the case study of Minnesota’s 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 8th congressional districts because these four seats switched parties during the 2018 midterm election. I examined a total of 77 ads: 28 positive and 47 negative. Within these districts, there was one female candidate and seven male candidates. The findings showed that all the candidates, whether they won or lost, employed ethical surplus, scripted messages, emotional appeals and authenticity, trying to make themselves look better or their opponent look worse. All of these ads, positive or negative, attempted to address the three goals of television campaign advertising and spread their message through scripted emotional appeals while trying to create ethical surplus and authenticity with their constituents. This research shows the differences between political parties in television advertisements and the impact that these ads may have. With the 2020 United States Election coming up on November 3rd, 2020, this research can offer valuable insight into campaign tactics, and the branding of politicians in television advertisements for flipping seats.

Background The health system in South Sudan faces extreme domestic resource constraints, low capacity, and protracted humanitarian crises. Supportive supervision is believed to improve the quality of health care and service delivery by compensating for flaws in health workforce management. This study aimed to explore the current supervision practices in South Sudan and identify areas for quality improvement. Methods The study employed qualitative approaches to collect and analyse data from six purposefully selected counties. Data were collected from 194 participants using semi-structured interviews (43 health managers) and focus group discussions (151 health workers). Thematic content analysis was used to yield an in-depth understanding of the supervision practices in the health sector. Results The study found that integrated supportive supervision and monitoring visits were the main approaches used for health services supervision in South Sudan. Supportive supervision focused more on health system administration and less on clinical matters. Although fragmented, supportive supervision was carried out quarterly, while monitoring visits were either conducted monthly or ad hoc. Prioritization for supportive supervision was mainly data driven. Paper-based checklists were the most commonly used supervision tools. Many supervisors had no formal training on supportive supervision and only learned on the job. The health workers received on-site verbal feedback and, most times, on-the-job training sessions through coaching and mentorship. Action plans developed during supervision were inadequately followed up due to insufficient funding. Insecurity, poor road networks, lack of competent health managers, poor coordination, and lack of adequate means of transport were some of the challenges experienced during supervision. The presumed outcomes of supportive supervision were improvements in human resource management, drug management, health data reporting, teamwork, and staff respect for one another. Conclusion Supportive supervision remains a daunting task in the South Sudan health sector due to a combination of external and health system factors. Our study findings suggest that strengthening the processes and providing inputs for supervision should be prioritized if quality improvement is to be attained. This necessitates stronger stewardship from the Ministry of Health, integration of different supervision practices, investment in the capacity of the health workforce, and health infrastructure development.

Due to the large amount of CO2 emissions produced nowadays by the construction sector, the scientific community is looking for measures that will bring constructions to the be as environmental-friendly as possible. One of the most popular lines of research is the use of construction waste as recycled aggregates for the production of recycled aggregates concrete. Regarding the use of coarse recycled aggregates, there are a large number of studies that validate their use at both a mechanical and durability levels. Regarding the use of fine particles, which are inherent to the existence of coarse particles, it is necessary to increase the existing knowledge before they can be widely used. In this paper, the authors have sought to isolate the weakest part of those concrete mixes with exclusively recycled aggregate, i.e. a mortar made exclusively with fine recycled aggregates, in order to analyse the effect of drying-wetting cycles on mixes with recycled aggregates only. Specifically, three types of fine aggregates were used, one natural silica aggregate, one aggregate from crushed ballast and one from crushed sleepers. The mortars made with these aggregates were subjected to 50 durability cycles in distilled water, seawater and water with sulphates. Mechanical, visual and microstructural tests were carried out to analyse the effect of each of these environments on each of the mortars.

The interaction with consume products has been changing due to the development of the technology, which often turns out to be a barrier rather than an opportunity for people with disabilities. Appliances in general and particularly washing machines have gone from having physical controls to have touch controls. For that reason, the main objective of this paper is to analyse the accessibility of washing machine interfaces. Therefore, a sample of four washing machines has been selected. After that, using Hierarchical Task Analysis and observation tools the sequence of use has been defined and demanded capabilities have been evaluated. Eventually, by means of the Exclusion Calculator the number of excluded people for the interaction with the machines has been obtained, not only in terms of capacities, but also regarding their age. At this point, the results define the main characteristics to consider when designing accessible washing machines.

This paper examines changes residential rooftop solar customers make to their demand and energy usage when they take service on a demand rate, and the impact those changes have on their bills and the utilities' cost of service.

In heterogeneous wireless networks, random packet loss and high latency lead to conventional TCP variants performing unsatisfactorily in the case of competing communications. Especially on high-latency wireless links, conventional TCP variants are unable to estimate congestion degrees accurately for fine-grained congestion control because of the effects of random packet loss and delay oscillations. This paper proposes a TCP variant at the sender side to identify congestion degrees, namely TCP-WBQ, which quickly responses to the real congestion and effectively shields against random packet loss and oscillations of latency time. The proposed algorithm of congestion control firstly constructs a backlog-queue model based on the dynamics of the congestion window, and deduces the two bounds of the model which delimit oscillations of the backlog queue for non-congestion and random packet loss respectively. TCP-WBQ detects congestion degrees more accurately and thus implements the corresponding schemes of adjusting the congestion window, maintaining a tradeoff between high throughputs and congestion avoidance. The comprehensive simulations show that TCP-WBQ works efficiently in bandwidth utilization with single and multiple bottleneck scenarios, and achieves high performance and competitive fairness in heterogeneous wireless networks.

Objective: Medical education, which is directly related to human life, should provide prospective physicians with the knowledge, skills and attitudes that they will use in their professional life. One of the cornerstones of this medical education is anatomy. One of the most basic areas, which are the reflections of anatomy course to clinic, is radiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the command of the students of our faculty on major anatomical structures through radiological images.Material and Methods: We conducted our study with a total of 416 medical faculty students; 131 sixth year students, 117 third year students and 168 second year students. We projected 20 radiological images (2 MR, 5 CT, 13 radiographs) that we had prepared for the students who participated in the study to the screen with the help of a projector. We asked students to write the name of the structure we asked in the image on the blank papers previously distributed which were numbered from 1 to 20. Results: The median value of the correct answers given by sixth year students was 8, third year students was 7 and second year students was 6. While sixth year students were found to be more successful than third and second year students, no difference was found between third year and second year students in terms of their success. Conclusions: We believe that students will keep their anatomy information up to date by well-planned vertical integration programs in which the clinical departments and the anatomy department interact with each other., Amaç: Doğrudan insan hayatını ilgilendiren tıp eğitiminin hekim adaylarına meslek yaşamında kullanacakları bilgi, beceri ve tutumları kazandırması gerekmektedir. Bu tıp eğitiminin en temel taşlarından bir tanesi de anatomidir. Anatomi dersinin kliniğe yansıması olan en temel alanlardan birisi radyolojidir. Bu çalışmada amacımız fakültemiz öğrencilerinin radyolojik görüntüler üzerinden majör anatomik yapılara hakimiyetlerini değerlendirmektir. Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmamızı 131’i dönem 6 , 117’si dönem 3 , 168’i dönem 2 öğrencisi olmak üzere 416 tıp fakültesi öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirdik. Önceden hazırlamış olduğumuz 20 adet radyolojik görüntüyü (2 MR, 5 BT, 13 düz grafi) projektör yardımı ile projeksiyon perdesine yansıttık. Öğrencilere dağıtmış olduğumuz 1’den 20’ye kadar numaralandırılmış boş kâğıtlara ilgili görüntüde sorduğumuz yapının adını yazmalarını istedik. Bulgular: Dönem 6 öğrencilerinin verdikleri doğru yanıtların medyan değeri 8, dönem 3 öğrencilerininki 7, dönem 2 öğrencilerininki 6 olarak bulundu. Dönem 6 öğrencileri dönem 3 ve dönem 2 öğrencilerinden başarılı çıkarken, dönem 3 ve dönem 2 öğrencileri arasında başarı durumları açısından bir fark çıkmadı. Sonuç: İyi planlanmış, klinik bölümlerle anatomi bölümünün iletişim içerisinde bulunduğu dikey entegrasyon programları ile öğrencilerin anatomi bilgilerini güncel tutacaklarına inanıyoruz.

In this paper, solutions for precise maneuvering of an autonomous small (e.g., 350-class) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are designed and implemented from smart modifications of non expensive mass market technologies. The considered class of vehicles suffers from light load, and, therefore, only a limited amount of sensors and computing devices can be installed on-board. Then, to make the prototype capable of moving autonomously along a fixed trajectory, a &ldquo, cyber-pilot&rdquo, able on demand to replace the human operator, has been implemented on an embedded control board. This cyber-pilot overrides the commands thanks to a custom hardware signal mixer. The drone is able to localize itself in the environment without ground assistance by using a camera possibly mounted on a 3 Degrees Of Freedom (DOF) gimbal suspension. A computer vision system elaborates the video stream pointing out land markers with known absolute position and orientation. This information is fused with accelerations from a 6-DOF Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) to generate a &ldquo, virtual sensor&rdquo, which provides refined estimates of the pose, the absolute position, the speed and the angular velocities of the drone. Due to the importance of this sensor, several fusion strategies have been investigated. The resulting data are, finally, fed to a control algorithm featuring a number of uncoupled digital PID controllers which work to bring to zero the displacement from the desired trajectory.

As a result of their cell structures, elastomeric foams exhibit high compressibility and are frequently used as buffer cushions in energy absorption. Foam pads between two surfaces typically withstand uniaxial loads. In this paper, we considered the effects of porosity and cell size on the mechanical behavior of random elastomeric foams, and proposed a constitutive model based on an artificial neural network (ANN). Uniform cell size distribution was used to represent monodisperse foam. The constitutive relationship between Cauchy stress and the four input variables of axial stretch λU, lateral stretch λL, porosity φ, and cell size θ was given by con-ANN. The mechanical responses of 500 different foam structures (20% < φ < 60%, 0.1 mm < θ < 0.5 mm) under compression and tension loads (0.4 < λU < 3) were simulated, and a dataset containing 100,000 samples was constructed. We also introduced a pre-ANN to predict lateral stretch to address the issue of missing lateral strain data in practical applications. By combining physical experience, we chose appropriate input forms and activation functions to improve ANN’s extrapolation capability. The results showed that pre-ANN and con-ANN could provide reasonable predictions for λU outside the dataset. We can obtain accurate lateral stretch and axial stress predictions from two ANNs. The porosity affects the stress and λL, while the cell size only affects the stress during foam compression.

This paper aims to investigate the hysteric tendencies, inconsistent speeches and silences of woman in Jhumpa Lahiri’s two short stories “The Treatment of Bibi Haldar” and “The Real Durwan.” The paper addresses this objective through the application of subaltern perspective: subaltern cannot speak. More specifically, single, poor and helpless women’s position and their inability to speak in need are analyzed in the light of subaltern studies. These two stories expose the issue of hysteric woman and an elderly street woman with different stories, respectively. The disadvantaged women’s inability to speak – parallels the subaltern’s inability to speak. This paper analyses hysterical tendencies, inconsistent behavior of Lahiri’s protagonists as the outburst, thus, the subtle ways of resistance. Thus, the paper draws the conclusion that Lahiri’s stories demonstrate economically and socially marginalized woman who lack the act of protest as they cannot speak, tending to develop the different verbal and physical inconsistencies.

Cavernous lymphangioma often occurs in the head, neck, trunk, and extremities of infants and children, and it is rare to cause a small intestine intussusception in adults. In this case, a 32-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and a 5 cm × 5 cm abdominal mass on the left side of the abdomen. Laboratory tests showed anemia and CT showed small intestinal intussusception. After conservative treatments, her symptoms disappeared. However, 18F-FDG PET/CT suggested malignancy and her symptoms reappeared after eating something. Segmental jejunal resection was performed and pathology showed submucosal cavernous lymphangioma. At the 1-year follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic. Then this paper reviewed the literature on small intestinal cavernous lymphangioma in adults and found that this is the first English case report of intussusception caused by a jejunal submucosal cavernous lymphangioma in an adult. Current problem is that adult intussusception and intestinal lymphangioma are difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Imaging techniques such as tomography and PET/CT aid in the diagnosis of these benign lesions. Surgical resection was considered to be the required treatment and seems to have had no recurrence in adults according to the literature.

Focal boost to dominant intraprostatic lesions (DILs) has recently been proposed for prostate radiation therapy. Accurate and fast delineation of the prostate and DILs is thus required during treatment planning. In this paper, we develop a learning-based method using positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) images to automatically segment the prostate and its DILs. To enable end-to-end segmentation, a deep learning-based method, called cascaded regional-Net, is utilized. The first network, referred to as dual attention network, is used to segment the prostate via extracting comprehensive features from both PET and CT images. A second network, referred to as mask scoring regional convolutional neural network (MSR-CNN), is used to segment the DILs from the PET and CT within the prostate region. Scoring strategy is used to diminish the misclassification of the DILs. For DIL segmentation, the proposed cascaded regional-Net uses two steps to remove normal tissue regions, with the first step cropping images based on prostate segmentation and the second step using MSR-CNN to further locate the DILs. The binary masks of DILs and prostates of testing patients are generated on the PET/CT images by the trained model. For evaluation, we retrospectively investigated 49 prostate cancer patients with PET/CT images acquired. The prostate and DILs of each patient were contoured by radiation oncologists and set as the ground truths and targets. We used five-fold cross-validation and a hold-out test to train and evaluate our method. The mean surface distance and DSC values were 0.666 ± 0.696 mm and 0.932 ± 0.059 for the prostate and 0.814 ± 1.002 mm and 0.801 ± 0.178 for the DILs among all 49 patients. The proposed method has shown promise for facilitating prostate and DIL delineation for DIL focal boost prostate radiation therapy.

A path in an edge-colored graph is called conflict-free if it contains a color that is used by exactly one of its edges. An edge-colored graph G is conflict-free connected if for any two distinct vertices of G, there is a conflict-free path connecting them. For a connected graph G, the conflict-free connection number of G, denoted by cfc(G), is defined as the minimum number of colors that are required to make G conflict-free connected. In this paper, we investigate the conflict-free connection numbers of connected claw-free graphs, especially line graphs. We use L(G) to denote the line graph of a graph G. In general, the k-iterated line graph of a graph G, denoted by \(L^k(G)\), is the line graph of the graph \(L^{k-1}(G)\), where \(k\ge 2\) is a positive integer. We first show that for an arbitrary connected graph G, there exists a positive integer k such that \(cfc(L^k(G))\le 2\). Secondly, we get the exact value of the conflict-free connection number of a connected claw-free graph, especially a connected line graph. Thirdly, we prove that for an arbitrary connected graph G and an arbitrary positive integer k, we always have \(cfc(L^{k+1}(G))\le cfc(L^k(G))\), with only the exception that G is isomorphic to a star of order at least 5 and \(k=1\). Finally, we obtain the exact values of \(cfc(L^k(G))\), and use them as an efficient tool to get the smallest nonnegative integer \(k_0\) such that \(cfc(L^{k_0}(G))=2\).

This paper analyzes the relationship between work-related mental health of the German working population and unemployment on the occupation-region level measured one year before the outcome. Rising unemployment is significantly associated with a higher risk for emotional strain, emotional exhaustion, absenteeism, and presenteeism among employed individuals. Occupation specific unemployment drives this relationship, while the regional dimension is less important. The relationship is driven by individuals with own past unemployment experience.

Underwater marine object detection, as one of the most fundamental techniques in the community of marine science and engineering, has been shown to exhibit tremendous potential for exploring the oceans in recent years. It has been widely applied in practical applications, such as monitoring of underwater ecosystems, exploration of natural resources, management of commercial fisheries, etc. However, due to complexity of the underwater environment, characteristics of marine objects, and limitations imposed by exploration equipment, detection performance in terms of speed, accuracy, and robustness can be dramatically degraded when conventional approaches are used. Deep learning has been found to have significant impact on a variety of applications, including marine engineering. In this context, we offer a review of deep learning-based underwater marine object detection techniques. Underwater object detection can be performed by different sensors, such as acoustic sonar or optical cameras. In this paper, we focus on vision-based object detection due to several significant advantages. To facilitate a thorough understanding of this subject, we organize research challenges of vision-based underwater object detection into four categories: image quality degradation, small object detection, poor generalization, and real-time detection. We review recent advances in underwater marine object detection and highlight advantages and disadvantages of existing solutions for each challenge. In addition, we provide a detailed critical examination of the most extensively used datasets. In addition, we present comparative studies with previous reviews, notably those approaches that leverage artificial intelligence, as well as future trends related to this hot topic.

Does democracy affect foreign exchange reserves? This paper identifies four possible explanations for the determinants of foreign exchange reserves. Using the relationship between public goods provision and political regime types as a conceptual centerpiece, it offers a theoretical framework in which these four arguments are pit against each other. The “insurance” and “social cost” arguments posit monotonously positive and negative relationships between democracy and reserves, respectively, each citing democratic governments’ propensity to provide public goods such as financial stability and public spending. The mercantilist and rentier state arguments together put forth a conditional hypothesis that autocracies serve particularistic interests of outwardly (inwardly) oriented elites more than democracies do through weak-currency/large-reserve (strong-currency/small-reserve) policies. Utilizing panel data covering 127 countries from 1975 to 2012, I find that more democratic regimes are associated with larger (smaller) volumes of reserves when the size of exporting sectors is considerably small (large).

In this paper, we study and introduce the notion of -identification function which is a function from a topological space to another topological space and be two operators associative with respectively, then is called -identification function if and only if is onto and is -open set in if and only if is -open set in .

This paper examines the roles and position of female religious leaders in Madura Island, known as Nyai. Nyais are female religious leaders and are highly respected by the rural communities for not only being someone who is master in Islamic teachings, and her dakwah (outreach), but also being influential amongst the communities. Yet, the role and position of nyai in a patriarchal society of Madura are crucial in the sense that their dakwah and teachings have gradually become doctrine for female communities in the male-dominated environment. Particular nyais have demonstrated their determination in identity contestation and playing their agency role for their communities. Their popularity and growing followers have become a serious concern and criticism of some male religious leaders (known as kyai) in the Island. An ethnography study applied to observe the daily life of two female nyais in two regional districts of Madura, they are Nyai Sitti of Sampang and Nyai Dausy of Sumenep, and found that in the context of nyai’s hierarchy in Madura, these two nyais have built what have created authority and represented their leadership positions on their social class. They are the central figures, where their popularity are shaped by their charisma, genealogy, and people’s power. Indeed, they have reached the position of ‘nyai rajheh’ (great leader), which is a leading influential figure, especially for women in contemporary Madura Island.

This paper was retracted by IOP Publishing on 12 December 2018. This paper was published due to a technical error and was not intended to be included in this journal. Retraction published: 8 February 2019

Cet article envisage le spectacle vivant de sciences comme un genre artistique. Comme tout genre littéraire ou artistique, il pose à la fois des questions relatives à la création des œuvres reconnues comme en faisant partie et des questions relatives à l’élucidation des mondes que ces œuvres croisent – celui des créateurs, des récepteurs, des analyseurs, des praticiens et des théoriciens. Par ailleurs, ce genre prenant en charge un autre monde, celui des sciences, les questions abordées feront aussi retour sur cet autre monde. Le spectacle vivant de sciences permettra non seulement de s’interroger sur la pluralité des référents servant de base à la création – interrogation classique semblant prendre des valeurs particulières quand il s’agit des sciences –, mais aussi sur la manière dont un public peut devenir acteur d’un spectacle vivant – qui plus est spectacle vivant de sciences. Finalement, ce genre interrogera le modèle classique des analyses de la vulgarisation des sciences : le modèle émetteur-récepteur centré sur le transfert des connaissances scientifiques. ‪This paper views live science shows (cabaret, floor shows, songs, stand-up comedy, performances) as a true artistic genre. Like any other literary or artistic genre, it raises questions relating first, to the way in which these productions are created and second, to the various processes of interpretation in which they could be involved. Moreover, as this genre takes over another world, that of science, it will be interesting to look back upon that other world. Live science shows lead us to examine the multiplicity of sources making these productions possible, a classical questioning but one that might appear somewhat peculiar when dealing with science. However, they also lead us to analyze the way in which the audience turns into a true actor in these events. Finally, this genre questions the classical model of popularization of science, namely the top-down, dissemination-oriented model.‪

In this paper our aim is to give refinements of Jensen?s type inequalities for the convex function defined on the co-ordinates of the bidimensional interval in the plane.

In this paper I demonstrate some major changes within the traditional disciplinary boundaries of archaeology during the last 25-30 years, and the subsequent formation of new frontiers of theory and practice. They are the result of the expansion and diversification of the discipline in modern society. In that process archaeology has lost its former hegemonic identity which is replaced by pluralism and overlapping functions and identities. This has resulted in institutional and organisational discrepances. My analysis serves as a platform for forrnulating a strategy for cooperation between these new sectors, especially the heritage sector and the universities, leading to the formation of a more coordinated archaeological research practice.

V příspěvku je uveden výčet nejvýznamnějších výsledků řešení projektu Centra kompetence Technologické agentury České republiky „Centrum výzkumu a experimentálního vývoje spolehlivé energetiky“ (akronym CESEN), příklady jejich aktuálního uplatnění a perspektiv jejich dalšího rozvoje. V příspěvku je uveden výčet nejvýznamnějších výsledků řešení projektu TE01020068 „Centrum výzkumu a experimentálního vývoje spolehlivé energetiky“ dosažených při řešení projektu, příklady jejich aktuálního uplatnění a perspektiv jejich dalšího rozvoje. The paper presents list of the most significant results of the solution of the Competence Centre Project of the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic “Centre of research and ex- perimental development of reliable energy production” (CESEN acronym), examples of their current application and the perspectives for their further development.

Departmental Bulletin Paper, 研究調査報告

[spa] En esta tesis se hace una comparación de la novela y de la pieza teatral tituladas La Dame aux camélias, de Alexandre Dumas fils y de la ópera La Traviata, de Giuseppe Verdi, obras basadas en la figura de la célebre cortesana francesa del siglo XIX, Marie Duplessis, para verificar cómo la misma historia ha sido recreada a partir de géneros artísticos dife-rentes, bajo la hipótesis de que las diferentes artes se iluminan recíprocamente. Un objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el proceso de creación de estas obras, desde su contexto social y cultural, analizando las personas reales y los personajes implicados. Otro objetivo es confrontar los elementos constitutivos de cada obra, para verificar simi-litudes y divergencias entre ellas, así como para constatar las fases de los distintos proce-sos de adaptación que han tenido lugar en su creación, así como el papel de la dramaturgia. Bajo el arco que va desde la Literatura hasta la Música se han desarrollado varios gé-neros artísticos que han utilizado tanto el lenguaje literario como el lenguaje dramático y el musical, para crear diferentes obras estéticas en un proceso de adaptación que permite descubrir los mismos motivos y la misma trama en la novela, en el drama y en la ópera. [eng] En aquesta tesi es fa una comparació de la novel.la i de la peça teatral titulades La Dame aux camélias, d’Alexandre Dumas fils i de l’òpera La Traviata, de Giuseppe Verdi, obres basades en la figura de la cèlebre cortesana francesa de segle XIX, Marie Duplessis, per verificar com la mateixa història ha estat recreada a partir de gèneres artístics diferents, sota la hipòtesi que les diferents arts s’il·luminen recíprocament. Un objectiu d’aquest treball és estudiar el procés de creació d’aquestes obres, des del seu context social i cultural, analitzant les persones reals i els personatges implicats. Un altre objectiu és confrontar els elements constitutius de cada obra, per verificar similituds i divergències entre elles, així com per constatar les fases dels diferents processos d’adaptació que han tingut lloc en la seva creació, així com el paper de la dramatúrgia. Sota l’arc que va des de la Literatura fins la Música s’han desenvolupat diversos gèneres artístics que han utilitzat tant el llenguatge literari com el llenguatge dramàtic i el musical, per crear diferents obres estètiques en un procés d’adaptació que permet descobrir els mateixos motius i la mateixa trama en la novel.la, en el drama i en l’òpera. [eng] A comparison is made among three famous works of art: La Dame aux camélias, the novel written by Alexander Dumas, Jr., the play of the same name written by the same author based on his novel, and La Traviata, the opera by Giuseppe Verdi. The three deal with the figure of the famous 19th century French courtesan Marie Duplessis. The pur-pose of the present work is to show that the same story has been created on the basis of different artistic genres, with the hypothesis being that different works of art can contribute to and shed light on one another. One goal of this work is to study the creation process of the three pieces of art, from their social and cultural context to the analysis of the people and the characters involved. Another goal is to compare the components of each work in order to see similarities and divergences, while also contrasting the phases of the various adaptation processes expe-rienced in their creation and exploring the role that dramaturgy has played. It is believed that in the spectrum that goes from literature to music, various artistic genres have been developed, which make use of literary language as well as dramatic and musical language. Thus, works of art have been created through a process of adaptation that reveals the same reasons, the same events, and the same plots, in novels, dramas, and operas.

Aquesta tesi pretén millorar la comprensió dels orígens de la trigonometria en el marc de la història de les matemàtiques. El propòsit és el d’analitzar i estudiar la còpia manuscrita d’una obra de Ptolemeu, l’Analemma, localitzada en el còdex Barberinus Latinus 304, que va pertànyer a Baltasar de Torres (1518-1561), primer professor de matemàtiques del Collegio Romano. He ubicat la còpia en la seva tradició textual, he realitzat una transcripció anotada, i l’he traduït al català. He estudiat la intencionalitat de Torres de copiar-la, analitzat a fons el seu contingut i el presento de forma didàctica. L’Analemma és incorporada parcialment per Clavius (1538-1612) al seu llibre dedicat a la Gnomonica (1581) per aplicar-li els mètodes de resolució de triangles, els quals presento per primera vegada. De l’anàlisi de les fonts que utilitza es dedueix que caldrà fer una revisió de la cronologia de l’elaboració de la trigonometria i del paper que Clavius va tenir en relació amb els seus coetanis. Clavius publica les demostracions de totes les fórmules trigonomètriques que proposa, excepte una: el teorema del cosinus per a triangles esfèrics. El seu intent de demostrar-lo s’evidencia estudiant la seva correspondència posterior. El 1593 publica el llibre Astrolabium, on aborda la demostració de la fórmula prostaferèsica, la qual presento. Tot i això, no va arribar a assolir el seu objectiu de demostrar-lo. Finalment, seria Bartomeu Pitiscus (1561-1613) qui la presentaria dos anys més tard, el 1595. Amb la demostració del teorema finalitza la meva tesi. This dissertation in the history of mathematics and science aims at improving our understanding of the origins of trigonometry. The thesis provides the first translation and critical analysis of a manuscript copy of a work by Ptolemy, the Analemma. The manuscript belonged to Baltasar de Torres (1518–1561), the first professor of mathematics at the Collegio Romano, the Jesuit high learning institution. With regard to this manuscript, I have identified the textual tradition it belongs to, done a critical transcription, and translated it into Catalan. I have studied and discussed Baltasar de Torres’ motivation for copying it, and thoroughly analised its content, which I present in a didactic form. The Analemma was partially included by another Jesuit mathematician, Christopher Clavius (1538–1612), in his Gnomonica (1581). Clavius applied to the problem the new methods for solving triangles, which are here discussed for the first time. On the basis of my analysis of Clavius’ sources, I argue that we need to revise the chronology of the origins of trigonometry as well as Clavius’ role in this process, specially as regards other contemporary practioners. Clavius published the demostrations of all the trigonometric formulas he proposed, save for one, the theorem of cosine for spherical triangles. His attempt at proving this theorem can be traced from his correspondence. In 1593, in his book Astrolabium, he tried to prove the prosthaphaeresis formula, which I present and discuss. However, that proof eluded him. Eventually, Bartomeu Pitiscus (1561-1613) would find and publish the proof two years later, in 1595. The demostration of this theorem marks the end of this dissertation.

The literature and the employee and workforce surveys rank collaborative problem solving (CPS) among the top 5 most critical skills necessary for success in college and the workforce. This paper provides a review of the literature on CPS and related terms, including a discussion of their definitions, importance to higher education and workforce success, and considerations relevant to their assessment. The goal is to discuss progress on CPS to date and help generate future research on CPS in relation to educational and workforce success.

For a purpose of improvement of project management, we should determine the success right or wrong of project objectively and quantitatively. On the other hand, a decision of success right or wrong of software development projects has been evaluated subjectively by a questionnaire for stakeholders concerned. Furthermore, the study of definition of project success right or wrong and quantitative decision techniques is not found. Recently, gathering of the attribute data about software development projects in Japan has been performed by the IPA/SEC (Software Engineering Centre of the Information-Technology Promotion Agency Japan). Therefore, we developed the diagnostic technique to judge the success right or wrong on a project by a discriminant analysis based on the actual data of IPA/SECs in the precedent study. Also, we tried to develop the diagnostic technique of success right or wrong of project based on the “Success degree estimation mode” in this study. In this paper, we would like to propose the result of comparison between the effectiveness of these diagnostic techniques of the project.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the role interlocking directorships play in the patenting activities of UK companies and provide further insights into the channels through which this relationship emerges. Our empirical analysis produces three main results: first, interlocking leads to a higher number of successful patent applications; second, interlocked firms are more likely to cite each other's patents, especially around the moment of interlocking; and, third, interlocked companies tend to increase the technological similarity of their patent portfolio in the immediate period following their first interlock. To rationalise these results, we develop a theoretical model that identifies interlocking directorships as a practice that prevents property right conflicts that often arise between firms that are technologically close to each other.

En este artículo se discuten algunos estudios recientes sobre la identificación de las marcas de agente en íbero y la cuestión de su presunta ergatividad. Se utilizan criterios de análisis interno, de la estructura epigráfica de las inscripciones y sus paralelos, así como sobre todo de la tipología lingüística. This paper discusses some recent studies on the identification of agent markers in Ancient Iberian language and the question of its alleged ergativity. They are used criteria from internal analysis, the epigraphical structure of the inscriptions and its parallels, aand especially from linguistics typology

Framed in sociocultural and post/decolonial perspectives, this multidisciplinary multi-site study focuses issues related to globalization and learning in the global North and South. Based upon analysis of different data sets from three ethnographic projects, this paper focuses individuals and institutions accounting of language, learning and identity on the one hand, and the performance of languaging, learning and identity-positioning on the other. Furthermore, by using different representational techniques, the paper revisits dimensions of learning language and identity-positions inside and outside institutional settings. Language and identity get accounted for as intrinsic performatory hybrid dimensions of individuals-in-concert-with-tools from bi/multilingual perspectives.

BackgroundRecent advances in mobile technologies have created new opportunities to reach broadly into populations that are vulnerable to health disparities. However, mobile health (mHealth) strategies could paradoxically increase health disparities, if low socioeconomic status individuals lack the technical or literacy skills needed to navigate mHealth programs. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether patients from vulnerable populations could successfully navigate and complete an mHealth patient decision aid. MethodsWe analyzed usability data from a randomized controlled trial of an iPad program designed to promote colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. The trial was conducted in six primary care practices and enrolled 450 patients, aged 50-74 years, who were due for CRC screening. The iPad program included a self-survey and randomly displayed either a screening decision aid or a video about diet and exercise. We measured participant ability to complete the program without assistance and participant-rated program usability. ResultsTwo-thirds of the participants (305/450) were members of a vulnerable population (limited health literacy, annual income < US $20,000, or black race). Over 92% (417/450) of the participants rated the program highly on all three usability items (90.8% for vulnerable participants vs 96.6% for nonvulnerable participants, P=.006). Only 6.9% (31/450) of the participants needed some assistance to complete the program. In multivariable logistic regression, being a member of a vulnerable population was not associated with needing assistance. Only older age, less use of text messaging (short message service, SMS), and lack of Internet use predicted needing assistance. ConclusionsIndividuals who are vulnerable to health disparities can successfully use well-designed mHealth programs. Future research should investigate whether mHealth interventions can reduce health disparities.

Modern accelerator driven experiments like linear colliders or spallation sources are supplied by RF amplifiers using klystrons. The cathode voltage for these klystrons can be generated by long pulse modulators generating highly accurate voltage pulses in the length of milliseconds. Conventional designs using pulse transformers become huge for long pulses. The series-parallel resonant converter (SPRC) topology avoids this drawback as the transformer is operating at high frequencies. This paper presents a comprehensive design approach for SPRC modules, which is based on an optimization procedure containing an electrical model of the resonant circuit and a thermal model of the semiconductors. In addition, an insulation and a leakage design procedure and a thermal model of the transformer are also presented. Finally, this procedure provides the optimal design parameters of the resonant circuit elements. With these parameters, a global optimizer chooses the optimum amount of modules connected in series and/or in parallel to fulfill the given restrictions. The efficiency of a basic SPRC-module is 94.7% with a pulsed power density of 4.63 kW/l.

The development of a DNA microfluidic device with a high speed, low power, and low reagent volume is very critical for real-time genotyping and diagnosis in point-of-care applications. This paper reports a polymer-based thermal cycler for a handheld and battery-powered polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system using a polyimide (PI) film-based micro-fabricated heater module and polymer film microfluidic chambers of 10 μL, with a handheld and low power consumption, compared to state of the art. It took 21 min for 40 thermal cycling for DNA amplification and a maximum power consumption of 0.6 W. The microheater on PI film substrate fabricated and real-time quantification of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) using the heater in hand-held sizes experimentally shown here. The device would be applicable for on-site molecular diagnostics.

The provision of legal aid to date is still not fully felt for the poor, especially the legal and justice aspects. The issuance of Law Number 16 Year 2011 on Legal Aid or so-called UUBH becomes an important breakthrough in constitutional development post-reformasi law. This paper focuses on the provision of legal aid by the Legal Aid Post (Posbakum) in the Religious Court of Bengkulu City. This research is a qualitative research with interview to get data. The results showed that the implementation of legal services through Posbakum in Religious Courts of Bengkulu City has been going well. Although in the implementation of legal services is still constrained by the human resources (HR) in Posbakum, but if dihat from the administrative process and the impact of legal aid services, the overall implementation of legal services through Posbakum in the Court of Religion has been running well according to achievements based on legislation

Wikipedia categories, a classification scheme built for organizing and describing Wikpedia articles, are being applied in computer science research. This paper adopts a systematic literature review approach, in order to identify different approaches and uses of Wikipedia categories in information retrieval research. Several types of work are identified, depending on the intrinsic study of the categories structure, or its use as a tool for the processing and analysis of other documentary corpus different to Wikipedia. Information retrieval is identified as one of the major areas of use, in particular its application in the refinement and improvement of search expressions, and the construction of textual corpus. However, the set of available works shows that in many cases research approaches applied and results obtained can be integrated into a comprehensive and inclusive concept of information retrieval.

As seaborne trade has greatly increased in recent years, it becomes more difficult to secure crew of ships. Therefore, it is an important issue how to realize unmanned robot ships which can automatically navigate without collisions even in congested waters. Although Rolls-Royce is planning to build a remotely controlled ship in 2020, standard control technology for unmanned ships has not been developed yet. Therefore an automatic collision avoidance system is discussed by carrying out not only computer simulations but also model experiments prior to the tests using actual vessels. For this purpose, the authors built an experimental system for the validation of automatic collision avoidance algorithm. In this paper, model experiments using multiple ships conducted at Marine Dynamics Basin at National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering are introduced. Through comparisons with numerical simulations which the same algorithm for collision avoidance is implemented, it is found that there is a discrepancy in occurrence of collision in extremely congested situation.

PID controller is widely used in many fields. The input sequence and output sequence of a well-parameterized PID controller are transformed into a matrix presented in images in this paper, and a Every-Time step data augmentation algorithm is operated. This paper propose a image to image Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN) structure to learn the PID controller, which incorporates the successful methods in computer vision and deep learning to control field. The simulation is performed using Matlab/Simulink and Keras[1]. The simulation demonstrates that the CNN controller is capable in performance.