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Background: Despite the implementation of various postoperative management strategies, the prevalence of postoperative fatigue syndrome (POFS) remains considerable among individuals undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy. While the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist esketamine has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing sleep quality and alleviating postoperative pain, its impact on POFS remains uncertain. Consequently, the objective of this study is to ascertain whether perioperative administration of esketamine can effectively mitigate the occurrence of POFS in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy. Methods: A total of 133 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer were randomly assigned to two groups, namely the control group (Group C) (n = 66) and the esketamine group (Group E) (n = 67), using a double-blind method. The Group C received standardized anesthesia, while the Group E received esketamine in addition to the standardized anesthesia. The primary outcome measure assessed was the Christensen fatigue score at 3 days after the surgical procedure, while the secondary outcomes included the disparities in postoperative fatigue, postoperative pain, sleep quality, and adverse reactions between the two groups. Results: In the group receiving esketamine, the fatigue scores of Christensen on the third day after surgery were significantly lower compared to the Group C (estimated difference, -0.70; 95% CI, -1.37 to -0.03; P = 0.040). Additionally, there was a significant decrease in the occurrence of fatigue in the Group E compared to the Group C on the first and third days following surgery (P < 0.05). Also, compared to individuals who had distal gastrectomy, those who had entire gastrectomy demonstrated a higher degree of postoperative tiredness reduction with esketamine. Furthermore, the Group E exhibited reduced postoperative pain and improved sleep in comparison to the Group C. Both groups experienced similar rates of adverse events. Conclusions: The use of esketamine during the perioperative period can improve POFS after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy, without adverse reactions. Trial registration: Registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300072167) on 05/06 /2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Periplocin is a monomeric compound that exhibits anti‐tumor activities. It is extracted from Cortex Periplocae. Objective: This study aimed at determining the effect of periplocin treatment on the apoptosis and proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cells, and to elucidate on its mechanisms of action. Methods: PANC1 and cfpac1 cells were treated with periplocin. Cell proliferation was detected by RTCA, Ki67 immunofluorescence, and a clonogenic assay. The transwell assay was used to examine cell migration and invasion functions. The expression of apoptosis‐associated proteins was detected by flow cytometry and western blotting. Total RNA was extracted from the treated and untreated group of PANC1 cells for RNA‐seq detection and analysis. Differentially expressed genes were screened for GO biological process and KEGG pathway analysis. Finally, CFPAC1 cells were subcutaneously inoculated into BALB / c nude mice to assess tumor growth. Results: Periplocin inhibited the proliferation of PANC1 and CFPAC1 cells and induced their apoptosis by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway and inhibiting p70 S6K. It also attenuated the cell migration, invasion, and inhibited the growth of cfpac1 xenografts in nude mice. Conclusions: Periplocin inhibits human pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and induces their apoptosis by activating the AMPK / mTOR pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) can promote healing and inhibit inflammation/immune response in local tissues, while the detailed mechanism remains unknown.Results: ADMSCs and peritoneal macrophages were collected from C57BL/6 mice. The culture medium (CM) from ADMSCs (24 hours cultured) was collected. The CM was added to the Mφ culture system with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or IL-4/IL-13 or blank. And those Mφ cultures without adding CM were used as controls. A series of classification markers and signaling pathways for Mφ polarization were detected by using flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and western blotting. Furthermore, the cell viability of all the groups was detected by CCK8 assay. After CM induction in different groups, M1-Mφ markers and M2a-Mφ were decreased; however, M2b/c-Mφ markers increased. STAT3/SOCS3 and STAT6/IRF4 were suppressed in all 3 CM-treated groups. Moreover, the cell viability of all 3 groups which were induced by CM significantly increased as compared to that of the control groups without adding CM.Conclusion: ADMSCs can induce nonactivated macrophage and M1-Mφ into M2b/c-Mφ. Downregulation of the STAT3 and STAT6 pathway may involve in this process. This data shows that the anti-inflammatory role of ADMSC in local tissues may be partly due to their effect on Mφ to M2b/c-Mφ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Cytidinediphosphate diacylglycerol synthase (CDS) uses phosphatidic acid (PA) and cytidinetriphosphate to produce cytidinediphosphate‐diacylglycerol, an intermediate for phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) synthesis. This study shows that CDS5, one of the five CDSs of the Oryza sativa (rice) genome, has multifaceted effects on plant growth and stress responses. The loss of CDS5 resulted in a decrease in PG and PI levels, defective thylakoid membranes, pale leaves in seedlings and growth retardation. In addition, the loss of CDS5 led to an elevated PA level and enhanced hyperosmotic tolerance. The inhibition of phospholipase D (PLD)‐derived PA formation in cds5 restored the hyperosmotic stress tolerance of the mutant phenotype to that of the wild type, suggesting that CDS5 functions as a suppressor in PLD‐derived PA signaling and negatively affects hyperosmotic stress tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MK8722 is a potent and systemic pan-AMPK activator. It is an effective, direct, allosteric activator of AMPK complex in many mammals. This study tried to explore the underlying anti-cancer molecular mechanism of MK8722 in human pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs). The anti-proliferation, invasion and migration functions of MK8722 in human pancreatic cancer analyzed by real time cellular analysis, colony formation assay, cell migration assay, transwell assay and flow cytometery analysis. Moreover, the potential targeted signaling pathway was tested via RNA-seq and pathway enrichment analysis. In the present study, we investigated the anti-PCCs effects of MK8722 on two different human pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1 and Patu8988). The results showed that MK8722 significantly inhibited human tumor cells proliferation and migration/invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the influence of MK8722 was examined by analyzing the expression of potential key genes and pathways, which may provide novel insights to the mechanism of MK8722. The inhibition of pancreatic cancer by MK8722 through a number of pathways that inhibit carcinoma proliferation, invasion and migration. The potential effect of MK8722 might be determined by regulating the expression of AL162151, IER2, REPIN1, KRT80 to inhibit cycle arrest and migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a known complication of transplantation that affects the prognosis. Tacrolimus (Tac or FK506) is a widely used immunosuppressant that has been reported to be a risk factor for PTDM and to further induce complications in heart and skeletal muscles, but the mechanism is still largely unknown. In our preliminary experiments, we found that after Tac treatment, blood glucose increased, and the weight of skeletal muscle declined. Here, we hypothesize that tacrolimus can induce PTDM and influence the atrophy of skeletal muscle. Methods. We designed preliminary experiments to establish a tacrolimus-induced PTDM model. Gene expression profiles in quadriceps muscle from this rat model were characterized by oligonucleotide microarrays. Then, differences in gene expression profiles in muscle from PTDM rats that received tacrolimus and control subjects were analyzed by using GeneSpring GX 11.0 software (Agilent). Functional annotation and enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) helped us identify clues for the side effects of tacrolimus. Results. Our experiments found that the quadriceps in tacrolimus-induced PTDM group were smaller than those in the control group. The study identified 275 DEGs that may be responsible for insulin resistance and the progression of PTDM, including 86 upregulated genes and 199 downregulated genes. GO and KEGG functional analysis of the DEGs showed a significant correlation between PTDM and muscle development. PPI network analysis screened eight hub genes and found that they were related to troponin and tropomyosin. Conclusions. This study explored the molecular mechanism of muscle atrophy in a tacrolimus-induced PTDM model by bioinformatics analyses. We identified 275 DEGs and identified significant biomarkers for predicting the development and progression of tacrolimus-induced PTDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon, the second abundant element in the crust, is beneficial for plant growth, mechanical strength, and stress responses. Here we show that manipulation of the non-specific phospholipase C1, NPC1, alters silicon content in nodes and husks of rice ( Oryza sativa). Silicon content in NPC1-overexpressing ( OE) plants was decreased in nodes but increased in husks compared to wild-type, whereas RNAi suppression of NPC1 resulted in the opposite changes to those of NPC1- OE plants. NPC1 from rice hydrolyzed phospholipids and galactolipids to generate diacylglycerol that can be phosphorylated to phosphatidic acid. Phosphatidic acid interacts with Lsi6, a silicon transporter that is expressed at the highest level in nodes. In addition, the node cells of NPC1- OE plants have lower contents of cellulose and hemicellulose, and thinner sclerenchyma and vascular bundle fibre cells than wild-type plants; whereas NPC1- RNAi plants displayed the opposite changes. These data indicate that NPC1 modulates silicon distribution and secondary cell wall deposition in nodes and grains, affecting mechanical strength and seed shattering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baohuoside I induces hepatocellular carcinoma apoptosis via targeting mTOR signaling. Baohuoside I inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro and suppresses tumor development in vivo. • Baohuoside I inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation, invasion and migration. • The inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma by Baohuoside I is through inducing liver cancer cell apoptosis. • Baohuoside I targeting mTOR signaling to induce liver cancer cell apoptosis. Baohuoside-1 is a flavonoid compound isolated from Epimedium koreanum Nakai. This study tried to systematically explore the potential anti-cancer functions of Baohuoside-1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and study related molecular mechanism. Moreover, as a potential candidate anti-cancer agent, Baohuoside-1 has relatively low toxic side effect. Methods: The anti-cancer function including proliferation, invasion and migration of Baohuoside-1 in liver cancer was systematically assessed via colony formation, transwell assay and migration assay. Moreover, the anti-cancer functions of Baohuoside-1 was confirmed based on the nude mouse transplantation tumor experiment. The potential targeted signaling pathway was tested via flow cytometery and western blot analysis. In this study, we present the anti-HCC activity of Baohuoside-1 isolated from Epimedium through examing the effect of Baohuoside-1 on two different human liver cancer cell lines (HuH-7 and HepG2). Baohuoside-1 significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of two liver cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the anticancer activity of Baohuoside-1 was confirmed via inhibiting liver tumor growth in nude mice in vivo. Additionally, the influence of Baohuoside-1 on liver cancer apoptosis was examined by analyzing the expression of pro/anti-apoptotic proteins (BAX, Bcl-2, caspase-3, and caspase-8). The potential targeting signaling of Baohuoside-1 was determined via testing key members' expression changes of mTOR and JAK2 signaling. The inhibition of liver cancer by Baohuoside-1 is through targeting mTOR signaling not JAK2 signaling to induce apoptosis. Our study indicates that Baohuoside-1 is a potential candidate drug for therapy against liver cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Notch1 signalling is a stem-cell-related pathway that is essential for embryonic development, tissue regeneration and organogenesis. However, the role of Notch1 in the formation of myofibroblasts and fibrosis in kidneys following injury remains unknown. Methods: The activity of Notch1 signalling was evaluated in fibrotic kidneys in CKD patients and in ureteral obstructive models in vivo and in cultured fibroblasts and TECs in vitro. In addition, the crosstalk of Notch1 with TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signalling was also investigated. Results: Notch1 activity was elevated in fibrotic kidneys of rat models and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Further study revealed that epithelial and interstitial Notch1 activity correlated with an α-SMA-positive myofibroblastic phenotype. In vitro, injury stimulated epithelial Notch1 activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), resulting in matrix deposition in tubular epithelial cells (TECs). Additionally, interstitial Notch1 activation in association with fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation (FMD) in fibroblasts mediated a myofibroblastic phenotype. These TGF-β1/Smad2/3-dependent phenotypic transitions were abolished by Notch1 knockdown or a specific antagonist, DAPT, and were exacerbated by Notch1 overexpression or an activator Jagged-1-Fc chimaera protein. Interestingly, as a major driving force behind the EMT and FMD, TGF-β1, also induced epithelial and interstitial Notch1 activity, indicating that TGF-β1 may engage in crosstalk with Notch1 signalling to trigger fibrogenesis. Conclusion: These findings suggest that epithelial and interstitial Notch1 activation in kidneys following injury contributes to the myofibroblastic phenotype and fibrosis through the EMT in TECs and to the FMD in fibroblasts by targeting downstream TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signalling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]