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2. A longitudinal, epigenome-wide study of DNA methylation in anorexia nervosa: results in actively ill, partially weight-restored, long-term remitted and non-eating-disordered women

Author

Steiger, Howard, Booij, Linda, Kahan, Esther, McGregor, Kevin, Thaler, Lea, Fletcher, Emilie, Labbe, Aurelie, Joober, Ridha, Israel, Mimi, Szyf, Moshe, Agellon, Luis B., Gauvin, Lise, St-Hilaire, Annie, and Rossi, Erika

Subjects
Epigenetic inheritance -- Health aspects, Women's health -- Psychological aspects -- Genetic aspects, Methylation -- Health aspects, Anorexia nervosa -- Genetic aspects, DNA -- Health aspects, Genetic research, Genes, Glucose metabolism, Glutamate, Glucose, EDTA, Genomics, Phenols (Class of compounds), Insulin, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Background: This study explored state-related tendencies in DNA methylation in people with anorexia nervosa. Methods: We measured genome-wide DNA methylation in 75 women with active anorexia nervosa (active), 31 women showing stable remission of anorexia nervosa (remitted) and 41 women with no eating disorder (NED). We also obtained postintervention methylation data from 52 of the women from the active group. Results: Comparisons between members of the active and NED groups showed 58 differentially methylated sites (Q < 0.01) that corresponded to genes relevant to metabolic and nutritional status (lipid and glucose metabolism), psychiatric status (serotonin receptor activity) and immune function. Methylation levels in members of the remitted group differed from those in the active group on 265 probes that also involved sites associated with genes for serotonin and insulin activity, glucose metabolism and immunity. Intriguingly, the direction of methylation effects in remitted participants tended to be opposite to those seen in active participants. The chronicity of Illness correlated (usually inversely, at Q < 0.01) with methylation levels at 64 sites that mapped onto genes regulating glutamate and serotonin activity, insulin function and epigenetic age. In contrast, body mass index increases coincided (at Q < 0.05) with generally increased methylation-level changes at 73 probes associated with lipid and glucose metabolism, immune and inflammatory processes, and olfaction. Limitations: Sample sizes were modest for this type of inquiry, and findings may have been subject to uncontrolled effects of medication and substance use. Conclusion: Findings point to the possibility of reversible epigenetic alterations in anorexia nervosa, and suggest that an adequate pathophysiological model would likely need to include psychiatric, metabolic and immune components., Introduction Anorexia nervosa can devastate medical, psychological and social adjustments, and despite treatment advances, only about half of people with the condition achieve full remission after 10 or more years. [...]

Published
2019
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5. Symptoms of depression and anxiety in anorexia nervosa

Author

Mattar, Lama, Gauthier, Claire, Hassler, Christine, Launay, Jean-Marie, Callebert, Jacques, Steiger, Howard, Mechior, Jean-Claude, Mattar, Lama, Gauthier, Claire, Hassler, Christine, Launay, Jean-Marie, Callebert, Jacques, Steiger, Howard, and Mechior, Jean-Claude

Abstract

Depressive, anxiety and obsessive symptoms frequently co-occur with anorexia nervosa (AN). The relationship between these clinical manifestations and the biological changes caused by starvation is not well understood. It has been hypothesised that reduced availability of tryptophan (TRP) could reduce serotonin activity and thus trigger these comorbid symptoms. The aim of this study, during re-feeding in individuals with AN, was to analyse covariations across measures of nutritional status, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and peripheral serotonin markers. Depressive and anxiety symptoms, nutritional status and serotonin markers – whole blood serotonin content, plasma TRP and the ratio between TRP and large neutral amino acids – were assessed for 42 AN participants at admission to inpatient treatment and after re-feeding. Biological measures were compared to those obtained in 42 non-eating disordered subjects. For those with AN, psychological, nutritional and biological parameters improved significantly during hospitalisation. Levels of serotonin markers were significantly lower in the AN group compared to the control group, at admission and at discharge. Increase in the TRP/LNAA ratio was correlated with a decrease in depressive symptoms. In addition, there was a positive correlation between serotonin levels and symptoms of both anxiety and depression at discharge. We speculate that enhanced TRP availability during re-feeding, as a result of the increase in the TRP/LNAA ratio, could restore serotonin neurotransmission and lead to a decrease in depressive symptoms. The association between serotonin and anxiety and depressive symptoms would be consistent with numerous observations indicating abnormal functioning of the serotoninergic system in AN

Published
2017

6. Speaking of That: Terms to Avoid or Reconsider in the Eating Disorders Field

Author

Waller, Glenn, Klump, Kelly L., Bulik, Cynthia M., Becker, Anne E., Thomas, Jennifer, Strober, Michael, Frank, Guido K.W., Weissman, Ruth S., Steiger, Howard, and Walsh, B. Timothy

Abstract

Inspired by an article on 50 terms that, in the interest of clarity in scientific reasoning and communication in psychology, psychiatry, and allied fields, "should be avoided or at most be used sparingly and only with explicit caveats,"(1) we propose a list of terms to avoid or think twice about before using when writing for the International Journal of Eating Disorders (IJED). Drawing upon our experience as reviewers or editors for the IJED, we generated an abridged list of such terms. For each term, we explain why it made our list and what alternatives we recommend. We hope that our list will contribute to improved clarity in scientific thinking about eating disorders, and that it will stimulate discussion of terms that may need to be reconsidered in our field's vocabulary to ensure the use of language that is respectful and sensitive to individuals who experience an eating disorder.

Published
2016

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