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The escalating concern over environmental pollutants, particularly brominated flame retardants (BFRs), demands sophisticated detection methodologies for compounds like Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). Amidst these challenges, advancements in electrochemical detection have notably focused on the integration of inorganic modifiers within carbon electrodes. Inorganic nanoparticles, known for their catalytic and surface-enhancing properties, play a pivotal role in augmenting the sensitivity and selectivity of electrode-based detection systems. These modifiers, encompassing materials such as graphene, CeO2 nanocubes, and metal-organic frameworks, among others, have revolutionized the capabilities of carbon-based electrodes in accurately identifying specific BFRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and phthalic acid (PA) are toxic chemicals and are commonly known as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). This study reports the extraction of these two EDC compounds from aqueous phase using imidazolium based ionic liquid (IL) namely 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium hexaflourophosphate [C 4 DMIM][PF 6 ]. An experimental investigation of liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) behavior of [C 4 DMIM][PF 6 ] (1) + PCP (2) + water (3) and [C 4 DMIM][PF 6 ] (1) + PA (2) + water (3) was carried out at T = 298.15 K and p = 1 bar. Information obtained from the ternary plots indicates a favorable sloping of the tie lines toward the IL. The selectivity and distribution coefficients determined from the tie line data confirmed high values of selectivity ∼24–29 for PA and ∼106–293 for PCP. The UNIQUAC and NRTL models were then used to correlate the experimental data and to predict the equilibrium phase compositions with a Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) value below unity. For each ternary system, the Othmer–Tobias and Bachman correlation was also studied to verify the reliability of the experimental tie–line results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]