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A novel, stability indicating, reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed to determine the S-isomer of linagliptin (LGP) in linagliptin and metformin hydrochloride (MET HC1) tablets (LGP-MET HC1) by implementing design of experiment (DoE), i.e., two-level, full factorial design (2³ + 3 centre points = 11 experiments) to understand the critical method parameters (CMP) and its relation with the critical method attribute (CMA), and to ensure robustness of the method. The separation of the S-isomer, LGP and MET HC1 in the presence of their impurities was achieved on Chiralpak® IA-3 (Amylose tris (3, 5-dimethylphenylcarbamate), immobilized on 3 pm silica gel) stationary phase (250 x 4.6 µm, 3 pm) using isocratic elution and detector wavelength at 225 nm with a flow rate of 0.5 mL-min-1, an injection volume of 10 µL with a sample cooler (5 °C) and column oven temperature of 25 °C. Ethanol:Methanol:Monoethanolamine (EtOH:MeOH:MEA) in the ratio of 60:40:0.2 ν/ ν /ν was used as a mobile phase. The developed method was validated in accordance with international council for harmonisation (ICH) guidelines and was applied for the estimation of the S-isomer of LGP in LGP-MET HC1 tablets. The same method also can be extended for the estimation of the S-isomer in LGP dosage forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]