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In this investigation, softwood pulp and bleached wheat straw pulp were used as raw materials, and Calcium Sulfate Whiskers (CSW) were used as fillers. Based on the structural properties and characteristics of CSW, the printing properties of the paper with CSW, such as whiteness, opacity, pH value, uniformity, Z-direction tensile strength and surface strength, were analyzed. The results showed that CSW has low solubility, high retention and fiber-like appearance. The whiteness of the paper is the best when the filling amount of CSW is 20 %. The paper opacity of softwood pulp increases significantly, and the opacity of bleached wheat straw pulp decreases significantly when CSW is more than 30 %. The addition reduces pH and surface strength of the paper. The evenness of the paper does not change obviously. The Z-direction tensile strength of the paper decreases in the softwood paper, but increases obviously in the bleached wheat straw paper.

By combining the structural properties and characteristics of phosphogypsum whiskers, a preliminary study on the modification of phosphogypsum whiskers and their application in papermaking was carried out. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, and reaction concentration on the solubility and retention of modified phosphogypsum whiskers and the effects of phosphogypsum whiskers on the physical properties of paper under different modified conditions were explored. The research results show that, after the phosphogypsum whiskers are modified with calcium stearate, a coating layer will be formed on the surface of the whiskers, which effectively reduces the solubility of the phosphogypsum whiskers. The best modification conditions are: the amount of calcium stearate relative to the absolute dry mass of the phosphogypsum whisker is 2.00%; the modification time is 30 min, and the modification temperature is 60°C. The use of modified phosphogypsum whiskers for paper filling will slightly reduce the whiteness, folding resistance, burst resistance, and tensile strength of the paper, but the tearing degree and retention of the filler will be increased to some extent.

We investigate nutritional support and nursing status of critical patients in intensive care units (ICUs) to understand the latest nutritional support guidelines' implementation by clinical medical staff; identify problems in nutritional support and nursing for these patients, analyze causes, and present suggestions; and provide a clinical/theoretical bases to improve nutritional support implementation and nursing strategies for them. Clinical case information of 304 critically ill ICU patients admitted from July 2017 to July 2021 was analyzed. They were divided into the experimental (nutritional support) and control (no nutritional support) groups to compare their laboratory indicators, 28-day case fatality rate, and infection incidence. Least significant difference was used for postanalysis of statistically significant items to obtain pairwise comparisons. Nutrition support strategies for ICU patients are consistent with guidelines but have an implementation gap. No statistically significant differences were found in hemoglobin (HB), total serum protein (TP), serum albumin (ALB), transferrin (TF), prealbumin (PA), and total lymphocyte count (TLC) in experimental group patients compared with the control group within 24 hours (before nutritional support, P.05). No statistically significant differences were also found in HB, TP, TLC, and ALB between the enteral nutrition + parenteral nutrition (EN + PN), total EN (TEN), total PN (TPN), and control groups on admission day 7 (after nutritional support, P.05), while statistically significant differences existed between PA and TF (P.05). TF of patients supported by TEN was higher (statistically significant difference, P.05). PA in patients receiving TEN and EN + PN support was higher than in control group patients (statistically significant difference, P.05). Compared with the control group, in experimental group patients, infection incidence was significantly lower (40.2% vs 62.9%, P.05); incidence of complications was lower, but not statistically significant (40.2% vs 57.1%, P.05); and 28-day mortalities were significantly lower (26.7% vs 45.7%, P.05). Nutritional support can reduce hospitalization complications and 28-day mortality in critical patients, but its implementation must be standardized. Especially for patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction, personalized/standardized nutrition strategies and nursing procedures are needed when PN support is applied, and training of clinical medical staff should be strengthened to improve nutrition support's efficiency.

The liquefaction and reuse of plant biomass have attracted the attention of researchers because the fossil energy is running out gradually, corn stalk waste is rich and can be converted into high quality biofuels through the liquefaction process. The effects of polyethylene glycol on the atmospheric liquefaction yield of corn stalk and the properties of biofuel products were investigated. It was found that the optimal temperature was 170 ℃, reaction time was 60 min, liquid solid ratio was 5:1, catalyst concentrated phosphoric acid dosage was10%, the maximum liquefaction rate reached 97.19%. GC-MS analysis showed that the composition of biofuels is complex, which mainly including alcohols, organic acids, esters, ketones, sugars and other compounds. Results of FT-IR demonstrated that the characteristic functional groups of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in liquefied corn stalk were almost completely disappeared, SEM analysis showed that the surface morphology of liquefaction residue and original corn stalk was completely different, the fiber structure could not be seen in the residue, all these phenomenons indicating that corn stalk was completely liquefied.

Biomass liquefaction is a major process used to obtain fuel additives, valuable chemicals, and high-quality activated carbon. In this work, three major biomass components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and corn stalk were liquefied, and the corresponding liquefaction residue yields were 0.62%, 14.56%, 1.98%, and 1.29%, respectively, using polyhydric alcohols and acid catalysis under atmospheric pressure. The liquefaction residues from the corn stalk and biomass components were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the corn stalk residues were mainly large molecules produced by interactions of some small molecules and incompletely degraded cellulose; condensation polymers generated from the reaction of degraded substances derived from lignin or hemicellulose; and insoluble components containing reactants from the degraded substances of the three major components and the insoluble substances generated by the liquefaction agents during the process.

To introduce, and to evaluate the efficacy of the trans-superior articular process (trans-SAP) approach utilizing visual trephine in percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar discectomy (PETLD) for migrated lumbar disc herniation.This study included 98 patients, 50 patients were in trans-SAP PETLD group and 48 patients were in conventional PETLD group. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), gender, age, blood loss, operation time, the frequency of X-ray fluoroscopy and the percentage of highly migrated herniation were evaluated and compared between the trans-SAP PETLD and conventional PETLD group.In both trans-SAP PETLD and conventional PETLD group, VAS and ODI were decreased at postoperative 1 day and 3 months compared with preoperative (p0.001). What's more, the VAS and ODI of postoperative 3 months were lower than postoperative 1 day (p0.001). There was no difference in gender, age, blood loss after the operation, and VAS during operation between trans-SAP group and conventional group (p0.05). The blood loss during the operation of trans-SAP group was higher (p0.05), but the operation time and frequency of X-ray fluoroscopy were lower than conventional group (p0.001). Last, trans-SAP group had a higher percentage of highly migrated herniation (p0.001).Both the conventional way and trans-SAP approach can achieve excellent surgical results. But, in trans-SAP group, the operation time is shorter, and X-ray fluoroscopy is less. PETLD with visual trephine has more advantages in highly migrated herniation and maybe easier to be mastered by young surgeons.

Synthesis of highly efficient isotype carbon nitride/carbon nitride (CN/CN) heterojunction, is a hot topic in the photocatalysis field. In this study, isotype CN/s-doped CN heterojunction is facile constructed with mixed precursor (melamine and trithiocyanuric acid). The structures and properties of CN/s-CN samples are systematically characterized by XRD, IR, TEM, TG, UV–vis, XPS, electrochemical and photo-catalytic degradation test. The synergistic CN and s-CN can significantly overcome the intrinsic drawback of rapid h+-e− recombination of CN or s-CN only. The CN/s-CN altered electronic structure, including narrowed band gap, upshifted band edge potential and improved electronic conductivity, and achieves 2.1 times activity than that of pristine CN.