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1. Structure of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Across Eight World Regions

Author

Rogoza, Radoslaw, Zemojtel-Piotrowska, Magdalena, Jonason, Peter K., Piotrowski, Jaroslaw, Campbell, Keith W., Gebauer, Jochen E., Maltby, John, Sedikides, Constantine, Adamovic, Mladen, Adams, Byron G., Ang, Rebecca P., Ardi, Rahkman, Atitsogbe, Kokou A., Baltatescu, Sergiu, Bilic, Snezana, Bodroza, Bojana, Gruneau Brulin, Joel, Poonoosamy, Harshalini Yashita Bundhoo, Chaleeraktrakoon, Trawin, Del Carmen Dominguez, Alejandra, Dragova-Koleva, Sonya, El-Astal, Sofian, Eldesoki, Walaa Labib M., Gouveia, Valdiney V., Gundolf, Katherine, Ilisko, Dzintra, Jukic, Tomislav, Kamble, Shanmukh, Khachatryan, Narine, Klicperova-Baker, Martina, Kovacs, Monika, Kozytska, Inna, Larzabal Fernandez, Aitor, Lehmann, Konrad, Lei, Xuejun, Liik, Kadi, McCain, Jessica, Milfont, Taciano L., Nehrlich, Andreas, Osin, Evgeny, Özsoy, Emrah, Park, Joonha, Ramos-Diaz, Jano, Ridic, Ognjen, Qadir, Abdul, Samekin, Adil, Tiliouine, Habib, Tomsik, Robert, Umeh, Charles S., van den Bos, Kees, Van Hiel, Alain, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Wlodarczyk, Anna, Rogoza, Radoslaw, Zemojtel-Piotrowska, Magdalena, Jonason, Peter K., Piotrowski, Jaroslaw, Campbell, Keith W., Gebauer, Jochen E., Maltby, John, Sedikides, Constantine, Adamovic, Mladen, Adams, Byron G., Ang, Rebecca P., Ardi, Rahkman, Atitsogbe, Kokou A., Baltatescu, Sergiu, Bilic, Snezana, Bodroza, Bojana, Gruneau Brulin, Joel, Poonoosamy, Harshalini Yashita Bundhoo, Chaleeraktrakoon, Trawin, Del Carmen Dominguez, Alejandra, Dragova-Koleva, Sonya, El-Astal, Sofian, Eldesoki, Walaa Labib M., Gouveia, Valdiney V., Gundolf, Katherine, Ilisko, Dzintra, Jukic, Tomislav, Kamble, Shanmukh, Khachatryan, Narine, Klicperova-Baker, Martina, Kovacs, Monika, Kozytska, Inna, Larzabal Fernandez, Aitor, Lehmann, Konrad, Lei, Xuejun, Liik, Kadi, McCain, Jessica, Milfont, Taciano L., Nehrlich, Andreas, Osin, Evgeny, Özsoy, Emrah, Park, Joonha, Ramos-Diaz, Jano, Ridic, Ognjen, Qadir, Abdul, Samekin, Adil, Tiliouine, Habib, Tomsik, Robert, Umeh, Charles S., van den Bos, Kees, Van Hiel, Alain, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, and Wlodarczyk, Anna

Abstract

The Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) has garnered intense attention over the past 15 years. We examined the structure of these traits' measure-the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD)-in a sample of 11,488 participants from three W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., North America, Oceania, Western Europe) and five non-W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., Asia, Middle East, non-Western Europe, South America, sub-Saharan Africa) world regions. The results confirmed the measurement invariance of the DTDD across participants' sex in all world regions, with men scoring higher than women on all traits (except for psychopathy in Asia, where the difference was not significant). We found evidence for metric (and partial scalar) measurement invariance within and between W.E.I.R.D. and non-W.E.I.R.D. world regions. The results generally support the structure of the DTDD.

Published
2021
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2. Belief in a zero-sum game and subjective well-being across 35 countries

Author

Różycka-Tran, Joanna, Piotrowski, Jarosław P., Żemojtel-Piotrowska, Magdalena, Jurek, Paweł, Osin, Evgeny N., Adams, Byron G., Ardi, Rahkman, Bălțătescu, Sergiu, Bhomi, Arbinda Lal, Bogomaz, Sergey A., Cieciuch, Jan, Clinton, Amanda, Clunie, Gisela T., Czarna, Anna Z., Esteves, Carla Sofia, Gouveia, Valdiney, Halik, Murnizam H. J., Kachatryan, Narine, Kamble, Shanmukh Vasant, Kawula, Anna, Klicperova-Baker, Martina, Kospakov, Aituar, Letovancova, Eva, Lun, Vivian Miu-Chi, Cerrato, Sara Malo, Muehlbacher, Stephan, Nikolic, Marija, Pankratova, Alina A., Park, Joonha, Paspalanova, Elena, Pék, Győző, León, Pablo Pérez, Šolcová, Iva Poláčková, Shahbaz, Wahab, Ha, Truong Thi Khanh, Tiliouine, Habib, Hiel, Alain, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Wills-Herrera, Eduardo, Włodarczyk, Anna, Yahiiaiev, Illia I., Maltby, John, Różycka-Tran, Joanna, Piotrowski, Jarosław P., Żemojtel-Piotrowska, Magdalena, Jurek, Paweł, Osin, Evgeny N., Adams, Byron G., Ardi, Rahkman, Bălțătescu, Sergiu, Bhomi, Arbinda Lal, Bogomaz, Sergey A., Cieciuch, Jan, Clinton, Amanda, Clunie, Gisela T., Czarna, Anna Z., Esteves, Carla Sofia, Gouveia, Valdiney, Halik, Murnizam H. J., Kachatryan, Narine, Kamble, Shanmukh Vasant, Kawula, Anna, Klicperova-Baker, Martina, Kospakov, Aituar, Letovancova, Eva, Lun, Vivian Miu-Chi, Cerrato, Sara Malo, Muehlbacher, Stephan, Nikolic, Marija, Pankratova, Alina A., Park, Joonha, Paspalanova, Elena, Pék, Győző, León, Pablo Pérez, Šolcová, Iva Poláčková, Shahbaz, Wahab, Ha, Truong Thi Khanh, Tiliouine, Habib, Hiel, Alain, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Wills-Herrera, Eduardo, Włodarczyk, Anna, Yahiiaiev, Illia I., and Maltby, John

Abstract

This article presents a short research report on the relationship between perceived antagonism in social relations measured using the Belief in a Zero-Sum Game (BZSG) scale, life satisfaction, and positive and negative affect. Given that individuals who believe that life is like a zero-sum game are likely to perceive their daily interactions with others as unfair, we expected that individuals with high BZSG experience more negative affect and fewer positive one, resulting in a lower satisfaction with life. In addition, we examined whether country-level BZSG may play a moderating role in these associations. Data were collected from student samples (N = 7146) in 35 countries. Multilevel modelling revealed that perceived social antagonism in social relations is negatively associated with satisfaction with life and that this relationship is mediated by both positive and negative affect at the individual level. The relation of individual BZSG and negative affect on satisfaction with life were weaker in societies with higher country-level BZSG, suggesting that the effects of BZSG may be less detrimental in these countries. These findings extend previous knowledge about predictors of life satisfaction and suggest that social beliefs might also be an important factor that influences subjective well-being. The contribution of the study is that the separate treatment of life satisfaction and positive and negative affect may be helpful in many research situations, particularly from a cross-cultural perspective.

Published
2021

3. Country‐level correlates of the Dark Triad traits in 49 countries

Author

Jonason, Peter K., Zemojtel-Piotrowska, Magdalena, Jaroslaw, Piotrowski, Sedikides, Constantine, Campbell, W. Keith, Gebauer, Jochen E., Maltby, John, Adamovic, Mladen, Adams, Byron G., Kadiyono, Anissa Lestari, Atitsogbe, Kokou A., Bundhoo, Harshalini Y., Baltatescu, Sergiu, Bilić, Snežana, Brulin, Joel Gruneau, Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit, Dominquez, Alejandra Del Carmen, Dragova-Koleva, Sonya, El-Astal, Sofian, Esteves, Carla Sofia, M. , Walaa Labib, Gouveia, Valdiney V., Gundolf, Katherine, Ilisko, Dzintra, Jauk, Emanuel, Kamble, Shanmukh V., Khachatryan, Narine, Klicperova‐Baker, Martina, Knezovic, Emil, Kovacs, Monika, Lei, Xuejun, Liik, Kadi, Mamuti, Agim, Moreta‐Herrera, Carlos Rodrigo, Milfont, Taciano L., Ong, Chin Wei, Osin, Evgeny, Park, Joonha, Petrovic, Boban, Ramos‐Diaz, Jano Ramos‐Diaz, Qadir, Abdul, Samekin, Adil Samekin, Sawicki, Artur, Tiliouine, Habib, Tomsik, Robert, Umeh, Charles S., Van den Bos, Kees, van Hiel, Alain, Uslu, Osman, Wlodarczyk, Anna, Yahiiaev, Illia Yahiiaev, Empirical Legal Research (ELS), Empirical legal research into Institutions for conflict resolution, Bestuursrecht, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, and Leerstoel Bos

Subjects
Dark Triad, cross-cultural, cultural values, Taverne, Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy
Abstract

The Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) capture individual differences in aversive personality to complement work on other taxonomies, such as the Big Five traits. However, the literature on the Dark Triad traits relies mostly on samples from English‐speaking (i.e., Westernized) countries. We broadened the scope of this literature by sampling from a wider array of countries.

Published
2020

4. Country‐level correlates of the Dark Triad traits in 49 countries

Author

Empirical Legal Research (ELS), Empirical legal research into Institutions for conflict resolution, Bestuursrecht, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Leerstoel Bos, Jonason, Peter K., Zemojtel-Piotrowska, Magdalena, Jaroslaw, Piotrowski, Sedikides, Constantine, Campbell, W. Keith, Gebauer, Jochen E., Maltby, John, Adamovic, Mladen, Adams, Byron G., Kadiyono, Anissa Lestari, Atitsogbe, Kokou A., Bundhoo, Harshalini Y., Baltatescu, Sergiu, Bilić, Snežana, Brulin, Joel Gruneau, Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit, Dominquez, Alejandra Del Carmen, Dragova-Koleva, Sonya, El-Astal, Sofian, Esteves, Carla Sofia, M. , Walaa Labib, Gouveia, Valdiney V., Gundolf, Katherine, Ilisko, Dzintra, Jauk, Emanuel, Kamble, Shanmukh V., Khachatryan, Narine, Klicperova‐Baker, Martina, Knezovic, Emil, Kovacs, Monika, Lei, Xuejun, Liik, Kadi, Mamuti, Agim, Moreta‐Herrera, Carlos Rodrigo, Milfont, Taciano L., Ong, Chin Wei, Osin, Evgeny, Park, Joonha, Petrovic, Boban, Ramos‐Diaz, Jano Ramos‐Diaz, Qadir, Abdul, Samekin, Adil Samekin, Sawicki, Artur, Tiliouine, Habib, Tomsik, Robert, Umeh, Charles S., Van den Bos, Kees, van Hiel, Alain, Uslu, Osman, Wlodarczyk, Anna, Yahiiaev, Illia Yahiiaev, Empirical Legal Research (ELS), Empirical legal research into Institutions for conflict resolution, Bestuursrecht, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Leerstoel Bos, Jonason, Peter K., Zemojtel-Piotrowska, Magdalena, Jaroslaw, Piotrowski, Sedikides, Constantine, Campbell, W. Keith, Gebauer, Jochen E., Maltby, John, Adamovic, Mladen, Adams, Byron G., Kadiyono, Anissa Lestari, Atitsogbe, Kokou A., Bundhoo, Harshalini Y., Baltatescu, Sergiu, Bilić, Snežana, Brulin, Joel Gruneau, Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit, Dominquez, Alejandra Del Carmen, Dragova-Koleva, Sonya, El-Astal, Sofian, Esteves, Carla Sofia, M. , Walaa Labib, Gouveia, Valdiney V., Gundolf, Katherine, Ilisko, Dzintra, Jauk, Emanuel, Kamble, Shanmukh V., Khachatryan, Narine, Klicperova‐Baker, Martina, Knezovic, Emil, Kovacs, Monika, Lei, Xuejun, Liik, Kadi, Mamuti, Agim, Moreta‐Herrera, Carlos Rodrigo, Milfont, Taciano L., Ong, Chin Wei, Osin, Evgeny, Park, Joonha, Petrovic, Boban, Ramos‐Diaz, Jano Ramos‐Diaz, Qadir, Abdul, Samekin, Adil Samekin, Sawicki, Artur, Tiliouine, Habib, Tomsik, Robert, Umeh, Charles S., Van den Bos, Kees, van Hiel, Alain, Uslu, Osman, Wlodarczyk, Anna, and Yahiiaev, Illia Yahiiaev

Published
2020

5. Assessing the importance of internal and external self-esteem and their relationship to honor concerns in six countries

Author

Van Osch, Yvette, Bender, Michael, He, Jia, Adams, Byron G., Kunuroglu, Filiz, Tillman, Richard N., Benítez, Isabel, Sekaja, Lusanda, Mamathuba, Neo, Van Osch, Yvette, Bender, Michael, He, Jia, Adams, Byron G., Kunuroglu, Filiz, Tillman, Richard N., Benítez, Isabel, Sekaja, Lusanda, and Mamathuba, Neo

Abstract

We assessed empirical support for (a) the widely held notion that across so-called “honor, dignity, and face cultures,” internal and external components of self-esteem are differentially important for overall self-esteem; and (b) the idea that concerns for honor are related to internal and external components of self-esteem in honor cultures but not in dignity and face cultures. Most importantly, we also set out to (c) investigate whether measures are equivalent, that is, whether a comparison of means and relationships across cultural groups is possible with the employed scales. Data were collected in six countries (N = 1,099). We obtained only metric invariance for the self-esteem and honor scales, allowing for comparisons of relationships across samples, but not scale means. Partly confirming theoretical ideas on the importance of internal and external components of self-esteem, we found that only external rather than both external and internal self-esteem was relatively more important for overall self-esteem in “honor cultures”; in a “dignity” culture, internal self-esteem was relatively more important than external self-esteem. Contrary to expectations, in a “face” culture, internal self-esteem was relatively more important than external self-esteem. We were not able to conceptually replicate earlier reported relationships between components of self-esteem and the concern for honor, as we observed no cultural differences in the relationship between self-esteem and honor. We point toward the need for future studies to consider invariance testing in the field of honor to appropriately understand differences and similarities between samples. Keywords: honor, dignity, face, self-esteem, equivalence, invariance

Published
2020

6. When There Are Only Minorities

Author

Adams, Byron G., Naudé, Luzelle, Nel, J. Alewyn, van de Vijver, Fons J. R., Laher, Sumaya, Louw, Johann, and Tadi, Florence

Subjects
out-group, South Africa, integrated threat theory, in-group, social identity theory, Articles, minorities
Abstract

Intergroup relation perspectives stem from research in Western contexts with clear distinctions between the dominant and nondominant groups. In South Africa, with at least 13 different cultural groups and 11 official languages, no group is dominant in all life spheres. We examine the relationship between identity and in-/out-group orientation across Black-Zulu, Coloured (mixed racial ancestry), Indian, and White-Afrikaans emerging adults (N = 390; 75% females, M age = 19.97 years, SD = 2.44). Results indicate that personal identity for all groups and ethnic identity for Black-Zulu, Indian, and White-Afrikaans emerging adults were important for intergroup relations. Black-Zulu, Coloured, and Indian emerging adults distinguish themselves less from others, whereas White-Afrikaans emerging adults are less open to others. Ultimately, the complexity of intergroup relations in South Africa has implications for the effective transformation interventions needed to counter experiences of threat and make group boundaries more flexible for emerging adults.

Published
2018

7. Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings

Author

Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen-Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel-ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-ker, Åse H., Jiménez-leal, William, John, Melissa-sue, Joy-gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Lee Nichols, Austin, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M. H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L. M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., Van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Der Hulst, Marije, Van Lange, Paul A. M., Van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez- Echeverría, Alejandro, Ann Vaughn, Leigh, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P. J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, Nosek, Brian A., Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen-Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel-ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-ker, Åse H., Jiménez-leal, William, John, Melissa-sue, Joy-gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Lee Nichols, Austin, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M. H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L. M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., Van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Der Hulst, Marije, Van Lange, Paul A. M., Van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez- Echeverría, Alejandro, Ann Vaughn, Leigh, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P. J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, and Nosek, Brian A.

Abstract

We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely high-powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relati

Published
2018

8. Many labs 2:Investigating variation in replicability across samples and settings

Author

Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel Ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-Ker, Åse H., Jiménez-Leal, William, John, Melissa Sue, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-Pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Nichols, Austin Lee, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-Sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M.H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L.M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, van Aert, Robbie C.M., van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., van der Hulst, Marije, van Lange, Paul A.M., van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P.J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, Nosek, Brian A., Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel Ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-Ker, Åse H., Jiménez-Leal, William, John, Melissa Sue, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-Pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Nichols, Austin Lee, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-Sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M.H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L.M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, van Aert, Robbie C.M., van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., van der Hulst, Marije, van Lange, Paul A.M., van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P.J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, and Nosek, Brian A.

Abstract

We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p <.05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p <.0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely highpowered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than.20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above.10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relative

Published
2018

9. The mental health continuum-short form: The structure and application for cross-cultural studies-A 38 nation study

Author

Zemojtel-Piotrowska, Magdalena, Piotrowski, Jaroslaw P., Osin, Evgeny N., Cieciuch, Jan, Adams, Byron G., Ardi, Rahkman, Baltatescu, Sergiu, Bogomaz, Sergey, Bhomi, Arbinda Lal, Clinton, Amanda, de Clunie, Gisela T., Czarna, Anna Z., Esteves, Carla, Gouveia, Valdiney, Halik, Murnizam H. J., Hosseini, Ashraf, Khachatryan, Narine, Kamble, Shanmukh Vasant, Kawula, Anna, Lun, Vivian Miu-Chi, Ilisko, Dzintra, Klicperova-Baker, Martina, Liik, Kadi, Letovancova, Eva, Cerrato, Sara Malo, Michalowski, Jaroslaw, Malysheva, Natalia, Marganski, Alison, Nikolic, Marija, Park, Joonha, Paspalanova, Elena, de Leon, Pablo Perez, Pek, Gyozo, Rozycka-Tran, Joanna, Samekin, Adil, Shahbaz, Wahab, Truong Thi Khanh Ha, null, Tiliouine, Habib, Van Hiel, Alain, Vauclair, Melanie, Wills-Herrera, Eduardo, Wlodarczyk, Anna, Yahiiaev, Illia, Maltby, John, Zemojtel-Piotrowska, Magdalena, Piotrowski, Jaroslaw P., Osin, Evgeny N., Cieciuch, Jan, Adams, Byron G., Ardi, Rahkman, Baltatescu, Sergiu, Bogomaz, Sergey, Bhomi, Arbinda Lal, Clinton, Amanda, de Clunie, Gisela T., Czarna, Anna Z., Esteves, Carla, Gouveia, Valdiney, Halik, Murnizam H. J., Hosseini, Ashraf, Khachatryan, Narine, Kamble, Shanmukh Vasant, Kawula, Anna, Lun, Vivian Miu-Chi, Ilisko, Dzintra, Klicperova-Baker, Martina, Liik, Kadi, Letovancova, Eva, Cerrato, Sara Malo, Michalowski, Jaroslaw, Malysheva, Natalia, Marganski, Alison, Nikolic, Marija, Park, Joonha, Paspalanova, Elena, de Leon, Pablo Perez, Pek, Gyozo, Rozycka-Tran, Joanna, Samekin, Adil, Shahbaz, Wahab, Truong Thi Khanh Ha, null, Tiliouine, Habib, Van Hiel, Alain, Vauclair, Melanie, Wills-Herrera, Eduardo, Wlodarczyk, Anna, Yahiiaev, Illia, and Maltby, John

Abstract

ObjectiveThe Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) is a brief scale measuring positive human functioning. The study aimed to examine the factor structure and to explore the cross-cultural utility of the MHC-SF using bifactor models and exploratory structural equation modelling.MethodUsing multigroup confirmatory analysis (MGCFA) we examined the measurement invariance of the MHC-SF in 38 countries (university students, N=8,066; 61.73% women, mean age 21.55 years).ResultsMGCFA supported the cross-cultural replicability of a bifactor structure and a metric level of invariance between student samples. The average proportion of variance explained by the general factor was high (ECV=.66), suggesting that the three aspects of mental health (emotional, social, and psychological well-being) can be treated as a single dimension of well-being.ConclusionThe metric level of invariance offers the possibility of comparing correlates and predictors of positive mental functioning across countries; however, the comparison of the levels of mental health across countries is not possible due to lack of scalar invariance. Our study has preliminary character and could serve as an initial assessment of the structure of the MHC-SF across different cultural settings. Further studies on general populations are required for extending our findings.

Published
2018

11. Identity and acculturation: The case for Africa

Author

Adams, Byron G., van de Vijver, Fons J. R., Adams, Byron G., and van de Vijver, Fons J. R.

Abstract

Despite the multicultural nature of African societies, there is still very little knowledge about acculturation and its association with identity on this continent. Acculturation processes and outcomes are strongly associated with identity. The objective of this article is to relate different models of acculturation (unidimensional, bi-dimensional, multidimensional) with the tri-dimensional model of identity (personal, relational, and social). Social identity components, such as ethnicity, religion, and culture, suggest a need for modification of Western models of acculturation to embrace the multifaceted realities of non-Western multicultural societies. The social complexity and the continuous transition within African societies provides unique opportunities to examine and further develop the multidimensional acculturation models to take into account the social complexity which informs identity issues both within and across different African nations.

Published
2017

12. Measurement Invariance of Personal Well-Being Index (PWI-8) Across 26 Countries

Author

Żemojtel-Piotrowska, Magdalena, Piotrowski, Jarosław P., Cieciuch, Jan, Adams, Byron G., Osin, Evgeny N., Ardi, Rahkman, Bălţătescu, Sergiu, Bhomi, Arbinda Lal, Clinton, Amanda, de Clunie, Gisela T., Esteves, Carla, Gouveia, Valdiney, Hosseini, Ashraf, Seyedhosseini Ghaheh, Hooria, and Khachatryan, Narine

Subjects
Cross-cultural studies, Personal well-being index, Measurement invariance
Abstract

This report examines the measurement invariance of the Personal Well-being Index with 8 items (PWI-8). University students (N = 5731) from 26 countries completed the measure either through paper and pencil or electronic mode. We examined uni-dimensional structure of PWI and performed a Multi-group CFA to assess the measurement invariance across the 26 countries, using conventional approach and the alignment procedure. The findings provide evidence of configural and partial metric invariance, as well as partial scalar invariance across samples. The findings suggest that PWI-8 can be used to examine correlates of life satisfaction across all included countries, however it is impossible to compare raw scores across countries. This report examines the measurement invariance of the Personal Well-being Index with 8 items (PWI-8). University students (N = 5731) from 26 countries completed the measure either through paper and pencil or electronic mode. We examined uni-dimensional structure of PWI and performed a Multi-group CFA to assess the measurement invariance across the 26 countries, using conventional approach and the alignment procedure. The findings provide evidence of configural and partial metric invariance, as well as partial scalar invariance across samples. The findings suggest that PWI-8 can be used to examine correlates of life satisfaction across all included countries, however it is impossible to compare raw scores across countries.

Published
2016

15. Socially Desirable Responding : Enhancement and Denial in 20 Countries

Author

He, Jia, van de Vijver, Fons J. R., Dominguez Espinosa, Alejandra, Abubakar, Amina, Dimitrova, Radosveta, Adams, Byron G., Aydinli, Arzu, Atitsogbe, Kokou, Alonso-Arbiol, Itziar, Bobowik, Magdalena, Fischer, Ronald, Jordanov, Venzislav, Mastrotheodoros, Stefanos, Neto, Felix, Ponizovsky, Yael J., Reb, Jochen, Sim, Samantha, Sovet, Laurent, Stefenel, Delia, Suryani, Angela O., Tair, Ergyul, Villieux, Arnaud, He, Jia, van de Vijver, Fons J. R., Dominguez Espinosa, Alejandra, Abubakar, Amina, Dimitrova, Radosveta, Adams, Byron G., Aydinli, Arzu, Atitsogbe, Kokou, Alonso-Arbiol, Itziar, Bobowik, Magdalena, Fischer, Ronald, Jordanov, Venzislav, Mastrotheodoros, Stefanos, Neto, Felix, Ponizovsky, Yael J., Reb, Jochen, Sim, Samantha, Sovet, Laurent, Stefenel, Delia, Suryani, Angela O., Tair, Ergyul, and Villieux, Arnaud

Abstract

This article investigated the dimensionality, measurement invariance, and cross-cultural variations of social desirability. A total of 3,471 university students from 20 countries completed an adapted version of the Marlowe-Crowne scale. A two-dimensional structure was revealed in the pooled sample, distinguishing enhancement (endorsement of positive self-description) and denial (rejection of negative self-description). The factor structure was supported in most countries; medium-sized item bias was found in two denial items. In a multilevel analysis, we found that (a) there was more cross-cultural variation in denial than enhancement; (b) females tended to score higher on enhancement whereas males tended to score higher on denial; (c) the Human Development Index, an indicator of country socioeconomic development, was the best (negative) predictor of denial; and (d) both enhancement and denial seemed to be associated with country-level values and personality pertinent to fitting in. We conclude that social desirability has a positive and a negative impression management dimension that are meaningfully associated with country-level characteristics, and we argue that social desirability is better interpreted as culturally regulated response amplification.

Published
2015
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16. Assessing cultural intelligence, personality and identity amongst young white Afrikaans-speaking students: a preliminary study

Author

21048010 - Botha, Natasha, 12848417 - De Beer, Leon Tielman, 12243167 - Nel, Jan Alewyn, Nel, Natasha, Nel, J. Alewyn, Adams, Byron G., De Beer, Leon T., 21048010 - Botha, Natasha, 12848417 - De Beer, Leon Tielman, 12243167 - Nel, Jan Alewyn, Nel, Natasha, Nel, J. Alewyn, Adams, Byron G., and De Beer, Leon T.

Abstract

Orientation: Cultural intelligence (CQ) is a relatively new construct to academia that has recently gained increasing attention. Its relevance in a multicultural context like South Africa is apparent since cultural interaction between different ethnic groups is unavoidable. Research purpose: The objective of this research is to determine the relationship between personality, identity and CQ amongst young Afrikaans-speaking South Africans. Research approach, design and method: A quantitative research design was used in this study. This study was cross-sectional in nature. For the purpose of this study, a sample of young South African university students (N = 252) was used. The personal identity subscale from the Erickson Psychosocial Stage Inventory, the Multi-Ethnic Identity Measure, the Religious Identity Short Scale, the South African Personality Inventory questionnaire and the Four Factor Model of Cultural Intelligence Scale were applied as the measuring instruments. Main findings: Religious identity and ethnic identity have a relationship with cognitive CQ. Soft-heartedness and conscientiousness have a relationship with behavioural CQ. Also, soft-heartedness, facilitating, extroversion and religious identity have a relationship with motivational CQ. Practical/managerial implications: Organisations within South Africa will gain a better understanding of CQ and the benefits of having a culturally intelligent workforce as a strengths-based approach. Culturally intelligent employees will be able to adjust to working with co-workers from another culture, not feel threatened when interacting with co-workers and clients and be able to transfer knowledge from one culture to another, which will aid the organisation in completing overseas assignments, cross-cultural decision-making, leadership in multicultural environments and managing international careers. Contribution/value-add: CQ is a relatively new concept and empirical research on positive subjects is still very li

Published
2015

17. The many faces of expatriate identity

Author

13172735 - Van de Vijver, Alphonsius Josephus Rachel, Adams, Byron, G., Van de Vijver, Fons J.R., 13172735 - Van de Vijver, Alphonsius Josephus Rachel, Adams, Byron, G., and Van de Vijver, Fons J.R.

Abstract

With the advent of globalization, the number of expatriates within the international labor force is continuously increasing. While expatriate acculturation and adjustment receive much empirical and theoretical attention, less attention is afforded to expatriate identities. Expatriates, compared to other migrant workers, have more options to deal with acculturation and identity issues. We conceptualize expatriate identity by linking acculturation and a tri-dimensional model of identity (personal identity, relational identity, and social identity). We argue that expatriate identity, which is important for psychosocial adjustment and well-being, can take on two forms: a more cosmopolitan perspective, which expatriates develop after much experience in various cultures and a more pragmatic perspective in which expatriates maintain their original identity and make only superficial adjustments to a new context. We provide recommendations for future research as well as implications for organizations.

Published
2015

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