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BACKGROUND: Manganese is both an essential element and a known toxicant, and it plays important roles in many mechanisms in relation to type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, epidemiological studies of this relationship are rare. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between plasma manganese and newly diagnosed T2D as well as whether the association could be modified by manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) polymorphisms. METHODS: We conducted a case -- control study of 3,228 participants in China: 1,614 T2D patients and 1,614 controls. Concentrations of plasma magnesium were measured, and all participants were genotyped for the MnSOD Vall6Ala polymorphism (rs4880). RESULTS: A U-shaped association was observed between plasma manganese and T2D, with increased odds ratios (ORs) in relation to either low or high plasma manganese levels. Compared with the middle tertile, the multivariate-adjusted ORs [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] of T2D associated with the lowest tertile and the highest tertile of plasma manganese were 1.89 (1-53, 2.33) and 1.56 (1.23, 1-97), respectively. In spline analysis, the U-shaped association was consistently indicated, with the lowest odds of T2D at the plasma manganese concentration of 4.95 ug/L. Minor allele frequencies (C allele) of the MnSOD Vall6Ala polymorphism (rs4880) in the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and the T2D groups were 13.57% and 14.50%, respectively. The MnSOD rs4880 polymorphism was not associated with T2D, and no interaction was found between plasma manganese and the MnSOD rs4880 polymorphism in relation to T2D. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested a U-shaped association between plasma manganese and T2D; both low and high levels of plasma manganese were associated with higher odds of newly diagnosed T2D. The U-shaped association was not modified by the MnSOD rs4880 polymorphism. Citation: Shan Z, Chen S, Sun T, Luo C, Guo Y, Yu X, Yang W, Hu FB, Liu L. 2016. U-shaped association between plasma manganese levels and type 2 diabetes. Environ Health Perspect 124:1876-1881; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP176 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zheng, D.; Yang, W., and Wang, D., 2019. E-commerce, collaborative innovation capability and performance: An empirical study of shipping companies. In: Gong, D.; Zhu, H., and Liu, R. (eds.), Selected Topics in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 94, pp. 392–397. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. With the rapid development of e-commerce, companies are confronted with the perplexity of e-commerce, namely how e-commerce is connected with the performance. Most of the existing research directly connects e-commerce with the performance but fails to conduct in-depth discussions. We introduce collaborative innovation capability as the mediating variable for the analysis of the relationship between them and analyze shipping companies in China. The findings indicate that the application of e-commerce with the buyer of goods have a positive impact on the performance of shipping companies, but its application with the sellers of goods generates an insignificant impact. Moreover, collaborative innovation capability is an important mediating variable between e-commerce with the buyers of goods and the performance of shipping companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]