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Background: Vaccination is an effective strategy to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to compare predictors of vaccination intention between healthcare workers (HCWs) and non-healthcare workers (non-HCWs) in China. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among HCWs and non-HCWs. Several bivariate analysis techniques, eg, crosstab with Chi-square, independent t-test and single factor ANOVA, were performed to analyze the correlation. After that, a series of multivariate binary regressions were employed to determine predictors of vaccination intention. Results: Intention was closely and significantly related with gender, perceived vaccination knowledge, perceived importance and effectiveness of vaccine to prevent COVID-19. HCWs and non-HCWs were heterogeneous, since vaccination intention, perceived knowledge, and attitudes (eg, importance, severity, risk) toward COVID-19 or vaccine had statistically significant difference between the two groups. With comparison of predictors of vaccination intention, for HCWs, demographic factors were the major predictors of COVID-19 vaccination intention. Female HCWs and HCWs with a Master's or higher degree were more hesitant about vaccination (P = 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively), while HCWs had greater vaccination intention as their age increased (P = 0.02). For non-HCWs, perceived vaccination knowledge was the major predictor of COVID-19 vaccination intention (P < 0.001). Additionally, perceived importance and effectiveness of vaccine were predictors for both HCWs and non-HCWs. Conclusion: Vaccination intention of HCWs was greater than that of non-HCWs in China. Measures should be taken to improve the vaccination rate based on the predictors of vaccination intention identified in this study. For HCWs, especially those with a high level of education or who were females, the safety and effectiveness of vaccines in use may reinforce their vaccination intention. For non-HCWs, popularization of general medical knowledge, including of vaccine-preventable diseases, may increase their vaccination intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grain production agglomeration (GPA) is the development trend of grain production all over the world, and it is also an important way to promote grain growth and low-carbon development of agriculture. However, in-depth research on whether the GPA can increase the agricultural environmental efficiency and the influencing mechanisms is still lacking. Based on China's provincial data from 1990 to 2019 and the superefficiency DEA model, this study measures the level of GPA and the environmental efficiency of grain production (EEGP) in different grain production functional areas of China. An econometric methods are also used to empirically analyse the impact GPA on the EEGP. The results shows that the level of GPA in China is steadily increasing, and the impact of GPA on EEGP follows a U-shaped trend of initially declining and then rising. China's GPA has exceeded the minimum value of the U-shaped curve and is currently in the stage of promoting the EEGP. Specifically, the level of GPA in China's main grain-producing areas is higher than that in main grain-marketing areas and grain production-marketing balanced areas, and the GPA in main grain-marketing areas and grain production-marketing balanced areas have not yet crossed minimum value of the U-shaped curve. The GPA affects EEGP through farmland scale management and agricultural technology spillover. This study offers a new perspective to explain the changes in China's EEGP, and also provides reference for the EEGP in different regions of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the long-term variations in carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratios from January 2006 to December 2017 at the Lin'an regional atmospheric background station (LAN; 30.3 ∘ N, 119.73 ∘ E, 138 m a.s.l.) in China's Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region. The CO mixing ratios were at their highest (0.69 ± 0.08 ppm) and lowest (0.54 ± 0.06 ppm) in winter and summer, respectively. The average daily variation in CO exhibited a double-peaked pattern, with peaks in the morning and evening and a valley in the afternoon. A significant downward trend of -11.3 ppb yr -1 of CO was observed from 2006 to 2017 at the LAN station, which was in accordance with the negative trends of the average CO mixing ratios and total column retrieved from the satellite data (Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere, MOPITT) over the YRD region during the same period. The average annual CO mixing ratio at the LAN station in 2017 was 0.51 ± 0.04 ppm, which was significantly lower than that (0.71 ± 0.12 ppm) in 2006. The decrease in CO levels was largest in autumn (-15.7 ppb yr -1), followed by summer (-11.1 ppb yr -1), spring (-10.8 ppb yr -1), and winter (-9.7 ppb yr -1). Moreover, the CO levels under relatively polluted conditions (the annual 95th percentiles) declined even more rapidly (-22.4 ppb yr -1 , r=-0.68 , p<0.05) from 2006 (0.91 ppm) to 2017 (0.58 ppm), and the CO levels under clean conditions (the annual 5th percentiles) showed decreasing evidence but not statistically significant (r=-0.41 , p=0.19) throughout the years. The long-term decline and short-term variations in the CO mixing ratios at the LAN station were mainly attributed to the implementation of the anthropogenic pollution control measures in the YRD region and to events like the Shanghai Expo in 2010 and Hangzhou G20 in 2016. The decreased CO level may influence atmospheric chemistry over the region. The average OH reactivity of CO at the LAN station is estimated to significantly drop from 4.1 ± 0.7 s -1 in 2006 to 3.0 ± 0.3 s -1 in 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the clinical manifestations and search for the variants of six related genes ( LRP5 , FZD4 , TSPAN12 , NDP , KIF11 and ZNF408 ) in Chinese patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), and investigate the correlation between the genetic variants and the clinical characteristics., Patients and Methods: Clinical data, including the retinal artery angle, acquired from wide-field fundus imaging, structural and microvascular features of the retina obtained from optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) were collected from 33 pedigrees. Furthermore, mutation screening was performed. Variants filtering, bioinformatics analysis and Sanger sequencing were conducted to verify the variants., Results: Twenty-one variants were successfully detected in 16 of 33 families, of which 10 variants were newly identified. The proportion of variants in LRP5 , FZD4 , TSPAN12 , NDP and KIF11 was 38.1% (8/21), 33.3% (7/21), 19.1% (4/21), 4.8% (1/21) and 4.8% (1/21), respectively. Three new variants were considered to be pathogenic or likely pathogenic. The FEVR group tended to exhibit a smaller retinal artery angle, higher incidence of foveal hypoplasia and lower vascular density compared to the control group. Patients who harboured variants of FZD4 exhibited greater severity of FEVR than those with LRP5 variants. However, those who harboured LRP5 variants tended to possess lower foveal vascular density., Conclusions: Six known pathogenic genes were screened in 33 pedigrees with FEVR in our study, which revealed 10 novel variants. These findings enrich the clinical features and mutation spectrum in Chinese patients with FEVR, revealing the genotype-phenotype relationship, and contributing to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Key messagesWe identified 21 variants in 5 genes ( LRP5, FZD4, TSPAN12, NDP and KIF11) associated with FEVR, 10 of which are novel (three were pathogenic or likely pathogenic).The proportion of variants was the highest for the LRP5 gene. FZD4 variants may be responsible for greater FEVR severity than LRP5 variants.

Background: Parental involvement in mobile health (mHealth) to consult with medical professionals appears to be prevalent in China with the rapid development of the internet. More parents with busy jobs have chosen to use mHealth. During the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, mHealth can assist with health promotion, directions for medication use, and disease diagnosis via online chat and video consultation without contacting others. To our knowledge, no studies have been performed to explore the role of mHealth in parents' attitudes toward child health care at home during the COVID-19 outbreak., Objective: This study aims to identify the associated factors of willingness to adopt mHealth among Chinese parents during the COVID-19 outbreak and to explore the correlation between the frequency of adopting mHealth and parents' attitudes toward child health care at home., Methods: Chinese parents were asked to complete an online survey from January 25 to February 15, 2020. The questionnaire comprised of two parts with a total of 16 items, including parents' demographic variables and attitudes toward child health care at home. By multivariate logistic regression, we explored factors associated with parents' willingness to adopt mHealth during the COVID-19 outbreak. Pearson chi-square tests were used to reveal the correlation between the frequency of adopting mHealth and parents' attitudes toward child health care at home., Results: A total of 254 parents enrolled, and 202 (79.5%) parents were willing to adopt mHealth during the COVID-19 outbreak. Parents' age (26-35 years: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 8.114, 95% CI 1.471-44.764), parents' interest in the COVID-19 pandemic (moderate: AOR 8.753, 95% CI 2.009-38.127; high: AOR 22.194, 95% CI 5.509-89.411), the source that recommended mHealth (medical health providers: AOR 4.257, 95% CI 1.439-12.596), the presence of chronic disease in their children (yes: AOR 20.844, 95% CI 4.600-94.443), parents' duration of daily internet use (4-6 hours: AOR 6.487, 95% CI 1.870-22.495; >6 hours: AOR 8.766, 95% CI 1.883-40.804), and adoption of mHealth before the COVID-19 outbreak (yes: AOR 3.413, 95% CI 1.234-9.444) were significantly correlated with the parents' willingness to adopt mHealth during the COVID-19 outbreak. The frequency of mHealth use among parents was correlated with their behaviors in regard to handwashing (χ 2 6 =18.967, P=.004), mask wearing (χ 2 6 =45.364, P<.001), frequency of leaving the home (χ 2 6 =16.767, P=.01), room disinfection and ventilation (χ 2 6 =19.515, P=.003), temperature checking (χ 2 6 =17.47, P=.007), and mental health care of children (χ 2 6 =63.810, P<.001) during the COVID-19 pandemic., Conclusions: We found various objective factors that were associated with parents' willingness to adopt mHealth during the COVID-19 outbreak. Overall, parents' willingness to adopt mHealth was high. The frequency of mHealth use among parents was correlated with their attitudes toward child health care at home. The option of mHealth to patients at home during the COVID-19 outbreak would be beneficial for education and improvement in self-management of child health care at home., (©Siyu Yang, Yijing Chen, Leshan Zhou, Yuting Huang, Jiahui Dai. Originally published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 27.01.2021.)

Three functional zones, namely the industrial (IND), the agricultural (AGR), and the grassland (GRA) areas from Inner Mongolia (a remote province in northern China), were selected to evaluate the levels and distributions of PBDEs and the risks posed to local humans. PBDEs concentrations in surface soils and tree bark were detected and the air levels were estimated based on bark measurements. The total concentrations (∑ 8 PBDEs) of BDE-28, -47, -100, -99, -154, -153, -183, and -209 in soils were 1.71-64.9 ng/g dry weight (d.w.), 0.720-4.08 ng/g d.w., and 0.604-3.76 ng/g d.w. in the IND, AGR and GRA areas respectively. The average total concentrations in bark and air were 0.792 ng/g d.w. and 0.125 ng/m³ in the AGR areas respectively, which were lower than those (1.69 ng/g d.w. in the bark and 0.476 ng/m³ in the air) in the IND areas. BDE-209 was the dominant congener, consistent with DeBDE being the dominant commercial products used in China. However, except for BDE-209, BDE-28 and BDE-47 in the AGR and GRA areas averagely contributed about half of the total PBDEs concentrations in soils. BDE-28 concentrations in the bark samples of the AGR areas were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the IND areas, and the average total hazard quotients (∑ 8 PBDEs) were higher for humans in the AGR areas (0.12) than in the IND areas (0.08). Degradation of higher-brominated congeners (e.g., BDE-209) and migration of lower-brominated congeners (mainly BDE-28 and BDE-47) may increase the risks to humans in pristine areas., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)