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An approach to estimate the required extent of incentives so as to make solar industrial process heating (SIPH) financially competitive with conventional process heating system for cotton-based industry in India has been presented. The levelized cost of useful thermal energy (LCUTE) delivered by the conventional (furnace oil based) and SIPH systems in cotton-based textile industry in India has been estimated. The estimates for the LCUTE of SIPH systems vary from Rs 1035 to Rs 1392 per GJ, and the same are relatively higher than the corresponding estimate for the furnace oil-based process heating system (Rs 924 per GJ), thus justifying the provision of incentives in the initial phase. Frameworks have been developed to estimate the extents of each of the incentives required to make SIPH systems financially competitive with the existing furnace oil-based process heating systems (in terms of LCUTE). From the results, it is noted that the required amounts of viability gap funding (capital subsidy) vary from 8 to 34% of the capital cost, while the required rates of interest on the debt component vary from 3.3 to 9.5% at different locations having clusters of cotton-based textiles in India. Similarly, the required rate of investment tax credit for the investment made on SIPH system varies from 8.6 to 37%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple framework to estimate the potential of solar industrial process heating (SIPH) and corresponding CO 2 emissions mitigation in paper industry in India is presented. Geographical locations with clusters of paper mills have been identified and the annual process heating requirement for paper production (based on raw material use) at each cluster has been estimated. The total process heating potential for the paper industry in India has been estimated at 25.2 PJ/annum. Using the estimated performance of a commercially available parabolic trough based SIPH system with collector area requirement of 1.11 million m 2 annual solar fraction in the range of 0.25–0.30 have been estimated. Annual energy delivery of SIPH systems estimated at 4.34 PJ per annum. Finally at 8 main locations with clusters of paper mills in India considered in this study, adoption of SIPH without storage is expected to mitigate 0.34 million tonnes of CO 2 emissions annually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]