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IntroductionThis systematic review and meta-analysis present a comprehensive evaluation of paper-based microfluidic devices, focusing on their applications in immunoassays. These devices are emerging as innovative solutions to democratize access to diagnostic technologies, especially in resource-limited settings. Our review consolidates findings from diverse studies to outline advancements in paper-based microfluidic technology, including design intricacies and operational efficacy. Key advantages such as low cost, portability, and ease of use are highlighted.Materials and MethodsThe review categorizes literature based on the design and operational nuances of these diagnostic tools, exploring various methodologies, fabrication techniques, detection methods, and applications, particularly in protein science. The meta-analysis extends to the diverse applications of these technologies, providing a framework for classifying and stratifying their uses in diagnostics.Results and discussionNotable findings include a critical analysis of performance metrics, such as sensitivity and specificity. The review addresses challenges, including the need for further validation and optimization for broader clinical applications. A critical discussion on the validation processes, including cross-validation and rigorous control testing, is provided to ensure the robustness of microfluidic devices. This study offers novel insights into the computational strategies underpinning these technologies and serves as a comprehensive roadmap for future research, potentially broadening the impact across the protein science universe.

The development of digital technology has changed the audience's reading behavior and reading habits, and the difference between digital reading and paper reading has become a research hot spot. However, the academic circle has not reached an agreement on the reading effect of digital reading and paper reading. This study included 37 experimental studies for meta-analysis and analyzed the influence of moderating variables such as audience characteristics, text characteristics, and reading conditions. This study deepens the understanding of the reading effect and provides a reference for improving it. The study shows no significant difference in overall reading comprehension between digital reading and paper reading, and there are differences under moderating variables. The study has revealed that digital reading and paper reading have advantages and disadvantages and complement each other. The publishing industry should develop corresponding knowledge service products based on the characteristics of reading effects to promote the healthy development of the reading industry.

This comprehensive analysis delves into the multifaceted evolution of research concerning information and communication technology (ICT) within the dynamic landscape of education. Embracing the meta-analysis methodology, this study embarks on a detailed journey through the corpus of scientific literature devoted to exploring the intricate interplay between ICT and education. Covering a substantial temporal span from 2002 to 2022, this investigation meticulously scrutinises and synthesises a wealth of scholarly contributions, illuminating diverse dimensions of the integration of ICT and its impact in educational settings. The overarching objective is to discern not only the methodological nuances, but also the transformative potential and broader trends that underscore the nexus of ICT and education. With a keen focus on Lithuanian scholarly output, this analysis seeks to unravel the intricate tapestry of research endeavours, shedding light on the methodological paradigms, thematic trajectories, and empirical insights that have shaped the discourse surrounding the role of ICT in education over the past decade. At its core, this study aims to address a constellation of probing questions that lie at the heart of contemporary educational discourse. How has the research methodology pertaining to the application of ICT in education evolved over time? In what specific domains and subdomains of education are the contours of the influence of ICT most discernible, and what emergent themes and focal points have garnered scholarly attention? Furthermore, what demographic cohorts and educational stakeholders emerge as primary subjects of inquiry, and how do researchers navigate the complexities of data collection and analysis in elucidating the nuanced dynamics of ICT integration in educational contexts? Through a judicious blend of quantitative and qualitative analyses, this study embarks on an ambitious journey to unravel the intricate threads of inquiry that animate the discourse surrounding ICT in education. By adopting a mixed-method meta-analytical framework, this investigation offers a panoramic vista that spans thematic, temporal, methodological, and demographic dimensions, thereby affording a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted landscape of the integration of ICT in education. In traversing this expansive terrain of inquiry, this study aspires not only to illuminate the contours of past research endeavours, but also to chart a course for future inquiry and innovation in harnessing the transformative potential of ICT to enrich and enhance educational practices and outcomes. After analysing Lithuanian scientific works related to the application of ICT in the field of education, it is evident that quantitative methodologies are most commonly chosen for empirical research on this topic, while qualitative methodologies are less prevalent. In articles employing quantitative methodologies, prevalent themes relating to ICT include: competency, application, possibilities and experiences, virtual learning environments, users of these environments, development in education, usage habits, attitudes towards ICT tool usage, augmented reality technologies, ICT as a component of learning environments, computer usage at home, and incentive-based encouragement using ICT tools. In articles employing qualitative methodologies, prevalent themes relating to ICT include: values education, opportunities, the internet, incentive-based encouragement, virtual learning environments, cloud computing, and experiences of using ICT in the teaching and learning process. Mixed-methodology articles commonly focus on the pedagogical foundations of educational environments, virtual experiments, the engagement of education participants, skills development, adult education, the personalisation of teaching and learning, e-learning, the educational environment, and increasing motivation. The most frequently studied subjects in these articles are teachers, followed by students, with other participant groups such as education experts and support specialists being less common. Systematising the data collection instruments used in the scientific articles analysed revealed that questionnaires predominated, with interviews being chosen less frequently, and other types of instruments being rare. An analysis of the essential conclusions of the examined scientific articles reveals that positive experiences of using ICT in the field of education are significantly more prevalent than negative experiences.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene is the property of Canadian Dental Hygienists Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The aim of this meta-analysis review study was to examine and summarize the benefits of Pilate's exercises on disability in patients with low back pain (LBP). Methods: Research was conducted from March 2005 to December 2018. Patients with chronic low back pain formed the statistical population of this study. The keywords were Pilates together with low back pain, chronic low back pain, and back pain. The Medline, Embase, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SID databases were searched for relevant literature. Results: Nineteen papers, including 15 high quality and 4 poor quality papers, were assessed. The results showed that Pilates exercises had a significant and high effect size (p =0.000) on disability in comparison with the control group (Hedges g=1.183) as well as a significant (p =0.000) and medium effect size compared with the exercise group (Hedges g=0.526). When the durability of the Pilates exercise effect was assessed in the follow-up period, a significant and low effect size (p =0.017) was found in the Pilates group compared with the control group (Hedges g=0.488). Conclusion Pilates exercises improved the stability of patients with LBP compared to the control group. The effect of Pilates exercises decreased during follow-up after 13 weeks of inactivity. Pilates exercises are more effective than other types of exercise. Equipment Pilates exercises have a greater effect than mat Pilates on disability improvement during the follow-up periods; thus, it is advisable for therapists to use Pilates-based equipment exercises to increase the stability of patients with LBP.

Evidence-based medicine integrates results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses, combining the best external evidence with individual clinical expertise and patients' preferences. However, RCTs of surgery differ from those of medicine in that surgical performance is often assumed to be consistent. Yet, evaluating whether each surgery is performed to the same standard is quite challenging. As a primary issue, the novelty of this review is to emphasize—with a focus on orthopedic trauma—the advantage of having complete intra-operative image documentation, allowing the direct evaluation of the quality of the intra-operative technical performance. The absence of complete intra-operative image documentation leads to the inhomogeneity of case series, yielding inconsistent results due to the impossibility of a secondary analysis. Thus, comparisons and the reproduction of studies are difficult. Access to complete intra-operative image data in surgical RCTs allows not only secondary analysis but also comparisons with similar cases. Such complete data can be included in electronic papers. Offering these data to peers—in an accessible link—when presenting papers facilitates the selection process and improves publications for readers. Additionally, having access to the full set of image data for all presented cases serves as a rich resource for learning. It enables the reader to sift through the information and pinpoint the details that are most relevant to their individual needs, allowing them to potentially incorporate this knowledge into daily practice. A broad use of the concept of complete intra-operative image documentation is pivotal for bridging the gap between clinical research findings and real-world applications. Enhancing the quality of surgical RCTs would facilitate the equalization of evidence acquisition in both internal medicine and surgery. Joint effort by surgeons, scientific societies, publishers, and healthcare authorities is needed to support the ideas, implement economic requirements, and overcome the mental obstacles to its realization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene is the property of Canadian Dental Hygienists Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main purpose of this research was to determine one meta analyses of published scientifi c papers in the fi eld of swimming and water polo from Sport Mont from 2003 to 2018. In the above mentioned magazine the researches from diff erent multidisciplinary and monodisciplinary fi elds were published. In this research, meta analysis were conducted from 15 original journals in the fi eld of swimming and water polo. From the review of all original public papers it is evident that these are transversal researches and the aim is to research one observation treatment on diff erent age groups of respondents. The scientifi c researches informs us about empirical foundings, new theories and theoretical perspectives as well as about methodological and technological developments. From the review of all published original scientifi c papers that are analysed it can be seen that these are scientifi c papers in the fi elds of swimming and water polo and they guide future researchers to increase the effi ciency of the training process in above mentioned fi elds, as well as factors for observing anthropologic characteristics, motor and functional abilities.

The main goal of this research was to determine one meta analysis of published original scientifi c papers in the area of motor abilities in volleyball in Sport Mont Journal in 2006-2016. From the review of the published original scientifi c papers that are being analyzed, it can be seen that this is a longitudinal research. In this paper, a meta analysis of 6 papers in the fi eld of motor skills in volleyball was conducted. Analyzing the basic central and dispersion parameters in all original scientifi c papers in the fi nal state, it was noticeable that the arithmetic meanings had better values in almost all values compared to the initial state. To determine the statistical signifi cance for evaluating diff erent tests in published works, t-test for dependent samples and multivariate analysis of MANOVA were applied. T-test values and multivariate analyzes were signifi cant or signifi cance level (Sig.) from 0.01 (p≤.01) in almost all variables. This systematic overview shows a comparative analysis of the collected studies and the processed data. It can be concluded that the training program of all scientifi c orginal papers has led to positive transformations.

The main goal of the research was to make one meta-analyze of original scientific papers, mostly published in the Sport Mont Journal, who dealt with the identification of the level of quantitative changes in situational motor skills at cadet football players under the influence of the programmed training process in the preparation period. Three tests were used for estimation of each situational motor ability. In the field of comparative statistics, for determining the differences in variables used to estimate situational motor abilities at the beginning (starting state) and at the end (final state) of the training program during the preparation period, a discriminating parametric procedure t-test was used for large dependent samples. Based on the numerical values of t-test, in all the aforementioned published papers, it was the concluded that statistically significant positive quantitative changes occurred in situational motor skills during the preparation period of cadet football players. Such a training program during the preparation period proved to be very effective in raising the level of situational motor skills in cadet football players. This meta-analyze shows that the obtained results can be focused on innovative plans and programs in the preparation period as well as on adapting the same to the needs of the appropriate population.

The introduction of mobile devices to the worldwide market has marvelous possible to disturb the way Health care is providing. In this paper, we will overview the work done in the five years from 2014 to 2018 in the field of mHealth in Research perspective. For that purpose, we choose the Scopus database to review the past research published on mHealth in Malaysia. For that purpose, the quantitative review has been observed in bibliometric analysis and a Qualitative review is done through systematic review in the order through PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis). After the selection of 58 papers, the process based on the different steps. In the first step, the corresponding to Microsoft excels to a descriptive analysis of the published literature on mobile Healthcare in the field of online Healthcare like the distribution of the year, distribution of subjects and distribution of the author. Quantitative studies are 15 in number collected from the past literature, the researcher used the quantitative method for measuring the results Quantitative research collects data that will be processed to understand the indicators, overall trends, and requirements of the market. The qualitative studies collected from past research were 27 in numbers, collected studies were processed on the excel sheet to find out the areas discussed in the past. Traditional Health Care of Malaysia is top of the list in the world, but the mHealth still needs to improve in the region. Past studies in the mHealth are discussing physical health and wearable devices in details with connectivity to smartphones but serious diseases are cover in very some studies. Like diabetes and HIV apps and patient are not highlighted in the collected data. Patient record management and coordination with families are also part of some research studies and that is very important for recovery in some cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of the research was to make one Meta-analyze of original scientifi c papers, who dealt with the identifi cation on the sport balls repulsion depending on the pressure within. Sport balls of standard dimensions was released on the fl at solid surface from the height of nine meters for four times. At the fi rst release the air in the sport balls was under prescribed pressure. At the second release the pressure in the pumped sport balls is reduced by 5%, at the third reduced by an additional 5%, at the fourth reduced by another 5%. The setting of the experiment was carried by cinema shooting of free fall of the prescribed sport balls and a series of rebounds after the rejection of solid surfaces. One can conclude that the distance crossed and the total duration of four successive bouncing mostly dependent on inner pressure. In this study, the initial speed of a sport ball were unchanged and only inner pressures were changed. It was determined how much the height of the rebound is reduced and the duration of the rebound, respectively, depending on the reduction of inner pressure. This Meta-analyze shows that the initial speed of the ball can be increased by increasing the inner pressure in the balls.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene is the property of Canadian Dental Hygienists Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene is the property of Canadian Dental Hygienists Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene is the property of Canadian Dental Hygienists Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most important paraclinical tool for assessing drug response in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical trials. As such, MRI has also been widely used in preclinical research to investigate drug efficacy and pathogenic aspects in MS animal models. Keeping track of all published preclinical imaging studies, and possible new therapeutic approaches, has become difficult considering the abundance of studies. Moreover, comparisons between studies are hampered by methodological differences, especially since small differences in an MRI protocol can lead to large differences in tissue contrast. We therefore provide a comprehensive qualitative overview of preclinical MRI studies in the field of neuroinflammatory and demyelinating diseases, aiming to summarize experimental setup, MRI methodology, and risk of bias. We also provide estimates of the effects of tested therapeutic interventions by a meta-analysis. Finally, to improve the standardization of preclinical experiments, we propose guidelines on technical aspects of MRI and reporting that can serve as a framework for future preclinical studies using MRI in MS animal models. By implementing these guidelines, clinical translation of findings will be facilitated, and could possibly reduce experimental animal numbers.

The main goal of the research was to make one meta-analyze of original scientific papers, mostly published in the Sport Mont Journal, who dealt with the identification of the level of quantitative changes in basic motor skills at cadet football players under the influence of the programmed training process in the six-week preparation period. The training program in all published papers contained forty four training units. The research was done on a sample of 120 players. Three tests were used for estimation of each basic motor ability. In the field of comparative statistics, for determining the differences in variables used to estimate basic motor abilities at the beginning (starting state) and at the end (final state) of the training program during the preparation period, a discriminating parametric procedure t-test was used for large dependent samples. Based on the numerical values of t-test, in all the aforementioned published papers, it was the concluded that statistically significant positive quantitative changes occurred in basic motor skills during the preparation period of cadet football players. Such a training program during the preparation period proved to be very effective in raising the level of basic motor skills in cadet football players. This meta-analyze shows that the obtained results can be focused on innovative plans and programs in the preparation period as well as on adapting the same to the needs of the appropriate population.

The main objective of this research was to be done meta-analysis of original scientifi c papers published in the journal Sports Mont from 2006 to 2018, who determined the level of motor and situational-motor abilities in basketball players of diff erent ages. In this paper, a meta analysis of 6 papers in the fi eld of motor skills in basketball was conducted. On the basis of the parameters received in said original published scientifi c papers, it can be concluded that both the base and situational-motor abilities of primary importance for the identifi cation and characterization of young players, and by analogy, and the specialization of basketball game. It is necessary to monitor and apply the achievements of modern sports science, and thus the specifi c diagnosis of training young athletes. Motor diagnostics in sport is a fundamental science which is the initiator of top results every successful sports team should use at least some sort of diagnostic tools for testing and evaluation of athletes and to create training process

The main goal of this research was to determine one meta analysis of published original scientific papers in the field of sports training in Sport Mont in 2016. From the review of the published original scientific papers that are being analyzed, it can be seen that this is a longitudinal research. In this paper, a meta analysis of 6 papers in the field of sports training was conducted. Analyzing the basic central and dispersion parameters in all original scientific papers in the final state, it was noticeable that the arithmetic meanings had better values in almost all values compared to the initial state. For the determination of statistical significance, the differences in arithmetic meanings (partial quantitative changes) of the variables for evaluating different tests in published works, the t-test for dependent samples and the multivariate analysis of ANOVA and MANOVA were applied. T-test values and multivariate analysis were at significance or significance level (Sig.) Of 0.01 (p≤.01) in all variables. This systematic overview shows a comparative analysis of the collected studies and the processed data. It can be concluded that the training program of all scientific orginal papers has led to positive transformations.

Our aim in this research was to analyze studies in the area of Augmented Reality applications and research throughout the world using metaanalysis methods in order to determine trends in the area. For the purpose of the study, a total of 1008 pieces of research, published between 2001 and 2019 and selected by purposeful sampling method were analyzed. Trends of Augmented Reality applications and research throughout the world were examined under 13 criteria. These criteria were; index, year of publication, number of authors, country of research, area of research, method, education grade, sample group, sample number, data collection method, bibliography number, analysis techniques, purpose of research, and research trends. These data were interpreted based on percentage and frequency. In Augmented Reality, technologies are integrated in many fields such as education technology, engineering arts, visual arts education and special education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IPD-Work (individual-participant data meta-analysis of working populations) Consortium has published several papers on job strain (the combination of low job control and high job demands) based on Karasek’s demand–control model (1) and health-related outcomes including cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, obesity, diabetes as well as health-related behaviors, utilizing meta-analyses of a pooled database of study participants from 17 European cohorts. An IPD approach has some advantages over typical meta-analyses, eg, having access to all the data for each individual allows for additional analyses, compared to typical meta-analyses. However, such an approach, like other meta-analyses, is not free from errors and biases (2–6) when it is not conducted appropriately. In our review of the IPD-Work Consortium’s (hereafter called the Consortium) publications of the last two years, we have identified and pointed out several conceptual and methodological errors, as well as unsubstantiated conclusions and inappropriate recommendations for worksite public health policies (6–15). However, the Consortium has not yet appropriately addressed many of the issues we have raised. Also several major errors and biases underlying the Consortium IPD meta-analysis publications have not been presented in a comprehensive way, nor have they been discussed widely among work stress researchers. We are concerned that the same errors and biases could be repeated in future IPD Consortium meta-analysis publications as well as by other researchers who are interested in meta-analyses on work stressors and health outcomes. It is possible that the inappropriate interpretations in the Consortium publications, which remained uncorrected to date, may have a negative impact on the international efforts of the work stress research community to improve the health of working populations. Recently, Dr. Töres Theorell, a principal investigator of the Consortium, responded in this journal (16) to some of our criticisms on the Consortium papers (17, 18). The purpose of this article is to discuss the methodological and substantive issues that remain to be resolved and how they could be addressed in future analyses. We provide recommendations for future IPD or typical meta-analyses on work stressors and health outcomes. Finally, we discuss the inappropriate conclusions and recommendations in the Consortium publications and provide alternative recommendations, including a comprehensive perspective on worksite intervention studies.

Present Study as a "meta-analysis" research aims to determine the role and methods of communication, regarding verbal and nonverbal learning in mathematics is provided. Research conducted for this purpose (18 Researches) on mathematic teaching, in the form of research papers published in the Journal of Educational Innovations, as the main concept was considered. Out of the 8 research papers published in terms of attention to communication variables has more extension of the statistical society of this research. Then, according to the variables performance methods, questions and results showed in them was descriptive-qualitative and get “meta-analysis. The main question of this study is to research on mathematics teaching is based on the method of communication, what are the similarities and differences in the use of effective communication? During the investigation, it was determined that the communication patterns of multiple and sometimes conflicting have more attentions and proposed recommendations, which are as follows: emotional, participatory, supporting, visual, objective and balanced in a form of speech, physical, visual and audio that leads to any progress performance of learners and their learning mathematics and problem solving.

Background: Disasters are medically defined as events in which the demands for patients' care far exceed the available resources. In such situations, triage and rationing of limited resources are inevitable. A decision regarding triage needs not only scientific guidelines but also an ethical framework and supporting policies. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the criteria for ethical decision-making in disasters triage. Materials and Methods: Medline (Via pubMed.com), Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases will be searched from 1990 to July 2017 using a defined search strategy. Other search resources include Google Scholar, World Health Library, Global Ethics Library, Gray Literature Report website, and World Health Organization (WHO), which will be searched using a modified search strategy. The manual search will be conducted in two journals with the highest number of retrieved titles in the Scopus search and the reference list of selected articles. Study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction will be done by the first author, and the second reviewer will check the results, and probable disagreements will be resolved through discussion and review by a third reviewer. Results: This systematic review will identify all factors a triage officer should be considered when he or she would like to make an ethical decision. Conclusion: Transparency and consistency are two main procedural ethical values of disaster triage. The result of this review could be used to make a consistent decision in disaster triage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature of neuroimaging meta‐analysis has been thriving for over a decade. A majority of them were coordinate‐based meta‐analyses, particularly the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) approach. A meta‐evaluation of these meta‐analyses was performed to qualitatively evaluate their design and reporting standards. The publications listed from the BrainMap website were screened. Six hundred and three ALE papers published during 2010–2019 were included and analysed. For reporting standards, most of the ALE papers reported their total number of Papers involved and mentioned the inclusion/exclusion criteria on Paper selection. However, most papers did not describe how data redundancy was avoided when multiple related Experiments were reported within one paper. The most prevalent repeated‐measures correction methods were voxel‐level FDR (54.4%) and cluster‐level FWE (33.8%), with the latter quickly replacing the former since 2016. For study characteristics, sample size in terms of number of Papers included per ALE paper and number of Experiments per analysis seemed to be stable over the decade. One‐fifth of the surveyed ALE papers failed to meet the recommendation of having >17 Experiments per analysis. For data sharing, most of them did not provide input and output data. In conclusion, the field has matured well in terms of rising dominance of cluster‐level FWE correction, and slightly improved reporting on elimination of data redundancy and providing input data. The provision of Data and Code availability statements and flow chart of literature screening process, as well as data submission to BrainMap, should be more encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning (ML) has become increasingly popular in the prediction of debris flow occurrence, but the various ML models utilized as baseline predictors reported in previous studies are typically limited to individual case bases. A comprehensive and systematic evaluation of existing empirical evidence on the utilization of ML as baseline predictors for debris flow occurrence is lacking. To address this gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of ML-based prediction modeling of debris flow occurrence by retrieving papers that were published between 2000 and 2023 from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The general findings were as follows: (1) A total of 84 papers, distributed across 37 different journals in this time period, reflecting an overall upward trend. (2) Debris flow disasters occur throughout the world, and a total of 13 countries carried out research on the prediction of debris flow occurrence based on ML; China made significant contributions, but more research efforts in African countries should be considered. (3) A total of 36 categories of ML models were utilized as baseline predictors for debris flow occurrence, with logistic regression (LR) and random forest (RF) emerging as the most popular choices. (4) Feature engineering and model comparison were the most commonly utilized strategies in predicting debris flow occurrence based on ML (53 and 46 papers, respectively). (5) Interpretation methods were rarely utilized in predicting debris flow occurrence based on ML, with only 16 papers reporting their utilization. (6) In the prediction of debris flow occurrence based on ML, interpretation methods were rarely utilized, searching by data materials was the most important sample data source, the topographic factors were the most commonly utilized category of candidate variables, and the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) was the most frequently reported evaluation metric. (7) LR's prediction performance for debris flow occurrence was inferior to that of RF, BPNN, and SVM; SVM was comparable to RF, and all superior to BPNN. (8) The application process for the prediction of debris flow occurrence based on ML consisted of three main steps: data preparation, model construction and evaluation, and prediction outcomes. The research gaps in predicting debris flow occurrence based on ML include utilizing new ML techniques and enhancing the interpretability of ML. Consequently, this study contributes both to academic ML research and to practical applications in the prediction of debris flow occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]