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Entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial innovation, and knowledge management all play critical roles in improving the performance of Pakistan's small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Pakistan's business index score decreased from 137th to 138th due to the country's low performance in the small and medium-sized enterprise sector. Small and medium-sized firms must overcome several obstacles in order for the country's economy to thrive. This study will address this issue. We used a cross-sectional design and a quantitative technique in our research. Data were acquired via an email questionnaire and analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique and SmartPls. The findings suggested that entrepreneur orientation and innovation are critical factors in enhancing the success of SMEs. Additionally, knowledge management acts as a buffer between entrepreneurial attitude and organizational performance, as well as between entrepreneurial innovation and organizational performance. The study's findings have a number of implications for SME management and policymakers, including the importance of innovation and knowledge management in achieving better performance standards.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to test the thesis that the family firm’s success hinges on effective strategic knowledge management (SKM) capability coupled with an entrepreneurial orientation (EO). Contingency theory holds that entrepreneurial success is contingent on strategic capabilities and resource orchestration theory explains how well family firms nurture capabilities to structure, bundle and leverage resources that define competitive advantage (CA). This study combines these two theoretical viewpoints to propose the effects of EO and SKM capability on CA to achieve successful performance in family firms.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a hybrid approach applying structural equation modelling (SEM) and deep-learning artificial intelligence (DL-AI) analysis to survey data on 268 Malaysian family firms.FindingsSEM results confirm that CA mediates the relationship between innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking dimensions of EO and firm performance. Autonomy and competitive aggressiveness have no bearing, however. The relationships among innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking with CA and performance are positively moderated by SKM capability, becoming more potent at higher levels. Moreover, four additional DL-AI models reveal the necessity of specific EO dimensions and the interacting effects of EO–SKM capability to influence CA and to attain performance success subsequently.Originality/valueThis study theorizes and presents two new boundary conditions to a knowledge-based theory of the family firm and its firm performance. First, CA mediates the relationship between EO and performance; and second, SKM capability moderates the relationships between EO and CA and between EO and family firm performance. Methodologically, this study uses DL-AI to embrace non-linearity and prioritize predictor variables based on normalized importance to produce greater accuracy over regression analysis. Hence, DL-AI adds methodological novelty to the knowledge management and family firm literature.

The theme of the current research is to assess the link between entrepreneurial orientation, organizational learning with organizational performance using structural equation modeling. The current work was based on a quantitative approach using cross-sectional survey methodology. The study examined the effect of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on organizational learning (OL), organizational performance (OP), and of organizational learning (OL) on organizational performance (OP). Moreover, the study also examined the mediating effect of organizational learning (OL) in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and organizational performance (OP). Data were collected from managers and owners of manufacturing pharmaceutical SMEs in Indonesia. A sample of 340 was selected by using the purposive sampling technique. The results support in current empirical model confirming all the direct hypothesized relationships. The study results also revealed mediation of organizational learning in the entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance relationship. Considering the association of the factors studied in the current research, the authors imply managers, owners to develop a learning-oriented environment. The implication sections provide further details based on the results.

Purpose: The aim of this research is to analyze empirical evidence of the effect of entrepreneurial orientations on SMEs' business performance. The previous study found that entrepreneurial orientation became an important key for an entrepreneur to enhance business performance. This study also examined the role of relational capabilities as an intervening variable to achieve business performance. Methodology: The sample in this study was the furniture SMEs in the region of central Java with a sample size of 208 SMEs. This study used purposive sampling methods. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to test results of the data analysis with the help of software AMOS/Amos Graph. Findings: The results of the study showed that entrepreneurial orientation has a significant positive effect on business performance. Entrepreneurial orientation has a significant positive effect on relational capabilities. Relational capabilities are mediated the positive relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance significantly. Implications for theory and practice: The results of this study indicate the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance and relational capabilities and mediating role of relational capabilities. Therefore, SMEs ought to develop relational capabilities with SMEs networks through strengthening entrepreneurial orientation to achieve SMEs' performance. Originality and value: The main contribution of the study from the combination of entrepreneurial orientation and relational capabilities of SMEs to enhance business performance.

This study aims to obtain information about the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on innovation, information technology on innovation, entrepreneurial orientation on business performance, information technology on business performance, innovation on business performance, innovation mediates the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance and innovation mediates the effect of information technology on business performance of business shop owners in Glodok Market. The data used are primary data derived from questionnaires distributed to respondents. The population in this study were all business shop owners in Glodok Market is 758 with a probability sampling technique of 176 stores as respondents. The analytical method used is structural equation modeling (SEM) using the Lisrel 8.80 program. The results showed that there was no effect of entrepreneurial orientation on innovation, there was a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial orientation on business performance, there was a positive and significant influence on information technology on innovation, there was a positive and significant effect on information technology on business performance, there was a positive and significant effect on innovation on business performance, innovation cannot mediate entrepreneurial orientation to business performance and innovation can mediate information technology on business performance.

Objective - Despite extensive research on Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and innovation and performance, there are still limited resources on how these areas benefit Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). There are various financial aids and support services that are provided to SMEs. Despite this, SMEs still tend to perform quite low. This paper aims to identify the link between EO and SME performance using innovation as a mediator. Methodology/Technique – To achieve this objective, a quantitative approach is used. Questionnaires are collected from 285 SMEs in Peninsular Malaysia. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis is applied to test the hypotheses on the direct and indirect relationships between EO and SME performance through innovation. Finding - The findings of this study show that only two aspects of EO (innovativeness and proactiveness) have significant relationships with SME performance. Interestingly, all dimensions of EO have a direct impact on innovation. Further, innovation has a direct effect on SME performance and is a significant mediator between EO and SME performance. Novelty - These findings indicate that EO is a strong predictor of Innovation and SME performance. The discussion provided in this paper strengthens the body of knowledge on Entrepreneurship and acts as a benchmark for future studies on EO, Innovation and SME Performance. Type of Paper: Empirical. JEL Classification: M13, M19, L25. Keywords: Malaysia; Entrepreneurial Orientation; Innovation; SME Performance. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Kee, D.M.H; Rahman, N.A. 2020. Entrepreneurial Orientation, Innovation and SME Performance: A Study of SME in Malaysia using PLS-SEM, Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review 8(2): 73 – 80. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2020.8.2(1)

This study aims to investigate employee motivational and environmental factors and their effects on employee retention and organizational performance. Employee retention is predicted by organizational environment, intrinsic motivation, organizational learning, knowledge management, entrepreneurial orientation, external connect and explained R2=76.3% of the variance in employee retention. Therefore, organizational performance is predicted by competitive advantage and employee retention and explained R2=19.9% of the variance in organ-izational performance. Effect size analysis indicates that intrinsic motivation had substantial effect on size when compared with other exogenous variables. The predictive relevance of the model was found substantial revealed Q2=40.5% relevance to predict employee retention. The moderating role of the competitive advantage was confirmed and directs that the positive relationship between employee retention and organizational performance will be stronger when competitive advantage is higher. Finally, results showed that intrinsic motivation had the highest importance level when compared with other constructs. Therefore, manager and policy makers should take into consideration intrinsic motivation and transformational leadership in order to boost employee retention and organizational performance.

Knowledge management (KM), a process of acquiring, converting, applying, and protecting knowledge assets, is crucial for value creation. The purpose of this research is to empirically test the relationship between KM processes (knowledge acquisition, knowledge conversion, knowledge application, and knowledge protection), entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and firm performance. Data were collected from 159 small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia using a cross-sectional survey. This research uses partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and WarpPLS version 7.0 to test the model. The results show that three of four KM dimensions: knowledge acquisition, knowledge conversion, and knowledge protection are positively related to performance. Moreover, EO has been found to moderate the relationship between knowledge application and performance positively.

Performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has been addressed widely in the literature. Developed and developing both the countries are highly concerned about the growth and performance of small and medium enterprises. The literature over the performance is abundant, however, has certain controversies. To identify the reasons behind those controversies, this study has been conducted. the aim of the study was to identify the mediating role of dynamic capabilities which are developed by the entrepreneurial networks and entrepreneurial orientation. The study collected the data from those small and medium enterprises which were connected through a closed network and were the part of groups. The data was collected with the help of adopted questionnaire. 100 small and medium enterprises were contacted for the collection of data. The sample firms were chosen on purposive sampling basis. Structural equation modelling was applied to identify the direct impacts and the mediating impact. The findings identified that among the chosen firms, entrepreneurial networking has an insignificant impact, however, entrepreneurial orientation has shown a significant positive impact. Furthermore, the mediating role of dynamic capabilities was significant in both the relationships. The findings suggested that the sector should develop strong networks and should consider strategic alliances to gain competitive edge. Future researchers are guided to implement the same framework along with the dimensions of the variable.

There has been relatively little research that examines the relationship between the external environment and their consequences on the organizational performance of e-business in developing countries. This research represents an attempt to do so from the Malaysian e-business perspectives. This research examines the relationships between entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance and on the role of the external environment as a moderator between the relationships. The consideration of putting moderator factors in this research allows more precise descriptions of the relationship between the two variables mentioned and the outcome of the research. This study was grounded by Resource-Based View theory as the underlying basis. This study adopted a quantitative approach where 400 questionnaires were distributed to the target population and 381 were returned. Structural Equation Modelling was performed on the quantitative data using SMART PLS 3.0. The quantitative findings indicated that entrepreneurial orientation variables of innovativeness, proactiveness, risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness and autonomy have significant effects on financial and non-financial organizational performance. However, the moderating effect of the external environment on the relationship was found not significant. This study concluded that entrepreneurial orientation and the external environment are vital to promoting the organizational performance of e-business in Malaysia. These findings able to serve as a guideline for e-business owners or founders to improve their organizational performance thus compete in the digital sphere.

Goal: This study aims to examine the mediating role of strategic orientations in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Saudi Arabia. Design/Methodology/Approach: Quantitative analysis techniques is used in this study. Data from 206 KSA owners / managers of SMEs is obtained and analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Results: Findings indicate that strategic orientations mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance of SMEs in Saudi Arabia. Limitations of the investigation: The proposed model may not be generalised and must be applied in other contexts and cultures. Practical implications: This study indicates that KSA managers should maintain emphasis on entrepreneurship and establish unique strategic techniques to improve efficiency. Policymakers are recommended to establish entrepreneurship initiatives for SMEs to form entrepreneurship. Additional recommendations are also provided. Originality / Value: This study adds to the current body of knowledge by addressing the mediating role of market and technology orientation in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance of Saudi SMEs.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demostrate that commitment to developing knowledge sharing, coordination, adaptation and resolving potential conflict results in idiosyncratic relational assets for firms, which increases the benefits that international new ventures (INVs) can obtain from their networking activity. Design/methodology/approach To test the theoretical model, a survey was conducted among a sample of INVs. The data obtained were examined with structural equation modelling using the maximum likelihood estimation procedure in linear structural relations software. Findings The results showed positive effects of network entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on knowledge sharing, coordination, adaptation and resolving potential conflict, but only network coordination showed a positive effect on international performance. Research limitations/implications The study introduces and extends EO to the network level and shows that it contributes to INVs’ international performance through its influence on the development of coordination activities among networked firms. Practical implications The results provide guidance for building INVs’ networks. Entrepreneurs will find orientations about which partners could be more valuable to them. Originality/value Little research has addressed the study of network management activities to create a network structure. This paper reveals how firms’ volition and commitment to networking helps us to understand, in a fine-grained manner, how INVs gain benefits from their social networks. Additionally, EO at the network level is also studied, and arguments are proposed showing its relationships with the aforementioned relational activities based on the fact that entrepreneurial-oriented partners are supposed to be more active in networking.

The nomological validity of the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) construct is re-examined as the current conceptualisation lacks precise articulation of the construct and its measurement. The validity concern is caused primarily by the innovation dimension. We adopt a critical lens to evaluate the dimensions and associated measures of EO and contribute to the ongoing conversation on EO, by empirically testing its indicators and measures. Data collected from 404 firms in Oman are analysed using a two-step approach, initially conducting EFA and CFA tests, followed by structural equation modelling. The results suggest that innovation orientation significantly improves the clarity of the innovation dimension and is more congruent with EO's conceptualisation. The study further clarifies that EO consists of enabling measures that contribute to the generation of entrepreneurial outputs in corporations. The five-factor EO construct is specified formatively and a comprehensive list of measures is drawn from multiple scales associated with EO research.

Purpose This study aims to investigate the influence of business intelligence (BI) in startups competitiveness, contributing to a gap in literature as this relationship is normally more focused on stablished businesses. The mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) was taken in to account in the proposed research model. Design/methodology/approach The model was tested using structural equation modeling. A total of 228 valid questionnaires were collected from a research sample comprised of incubated startups from several European countries. Findings The results point to significant mediating role of EO in the impact of BI on competitiveness. The direct impact of BI on competitiveness was not confirmed. Research limitations/implications The results highlight the importance that BI can have in startups competitiveness, namely, reinforcing the role of pro-activeness, innovativeness and risk taking – the traditional dimensions of EO, providing the information needed for more supported decisions. Originality/value Although there are several approaches to BI, namely, in a more technical perspective, this paper addresses the topic in a managerial and decisional point of view, and studies it regarding his impact in startups competitiveness, thru the mediating effect of EO.

In the current business context, entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has been highlighted as key to improving firm performance. Despite the overall positive evidence on the association between EO and firm performance, scholars have stressed the importance of taking into account and properly managing intermediate capabilities. The present study analyses the link between EO and New Product Development (NPD) performance, considering Business Model Innovation (BMI) as a mediating variable. A sample of 400 Spanish SMEs is used to test the proposed research model through structural equation modelling and partial least squares analyses. Results reveal that EO contributes to BMI and NPD performance. Moreover, BMI is found to have a partial mediating role between EO and NPD performance. This study makes a novel contribution to the EO and BMI literatures as it finds evidence that business model innovation is an effective way to funnel the firm's entrepreneurial orientation into its innovation processes and to increase the success of new product development. Some suggestions for managers and future lines of research are proposed.

The strategic orientations of a firm are considered crucial for enhancing firm performance and their impact can be even greater when associated with dynamic capabilities, particularly in complex and dynamic environments. This study empirically analyzes the relationship between market, entrepreneurial and learning orientations, dynamic capabilities, and performance using an integrative approach hitherto little explored. Using a sample of 209 knowledge intensive business service firms, this paper applies structural equation modeling to explore both direct effects of strategic orientations and the mediating role of dynamic capabilities on performance. The study demonstrates that learning orientation and one of the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation have a direct positive effect on performance. On the other hand, dynamic capabilities mediate the relationships between some of the strategic orientations and firm performance. Overall, when dynamic capabilities are combined with the appropriate strategic orientations, they enhance firm performance. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the knowledge economy, given the important role knowledge intensive business services play in such a dynamic and pivotal sector.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a better understanding of the relationship between firm-level entrepreneurship and organizational performance in an emerging economy through assessing the mediating influence of strategic entrepreneurship between entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance. The extant literature on the relationship between firm-level entrepreneurship and organizational performance points to a lack of clarification of the link between real entrepreneurial events and organizational performance. Design/methodology/approach – Data are collected from 324 respondents in 118 companies in four different industries. The paper adopts structural equation modeling to test the mediated relationship. Findings – The results show that strategic entrepreneurship fully mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance, assessed as two major categories of financial and non-financial performance. Research limitations/implications – The dominance of four industries in the data set limits the generalizability of the findings. Practical implications – Findings highlight strategic and practical implications for managers especially in emerging economies who seek to enhance competitive advantage and exploit market opportunities through entrepreneurial initiatives. Originality/value – The current study develops a measure of strategic entrepreneurship concept and attempts to contribute to the literature through differentiating between behavioral intentions toward entrepreneurship and real entrepreneurial events at the firm-level to serve as a step to reduce the ambiguity present in the field.

This study tries to answer the following research questions in the context of family-owned firms: How is knowledge management related to entrepreneurship? How are knowledge management and entrepreneurship related to business performance? How does the family influence the above relationships? To answer these questions we performed a study to firms belonging to Family Business Regional Associations. The methodology used to analyze these relationships is based on a structural equation approach (SEM), specifically Partial Least Squares (PLS). The main value of this study is the proposition of two models. The first model analyzes the relationship among Knowledge Transfer (KT), Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and Performance (PERF). The second model studies the Family Influence (FI) as a moderating variable of such relationships. As conclusion, in these family firms KT has a significant positive effect on EO, and the latter on PERF. FI strengthening moderates the relationship between KT and EO and PERF. The implications for managers are clear. Our study provides a theoretical and empirical basis for further study on KT and EO in family business. Este estudio trata de responder a las siguientes preguntas de investigación en el contexto de las empresas familiares: ¿Cómo se relaciona la gestión del conocimiento con el espíritu emprendedor? ¿Cómo se relacionan la gestión del conocimiento y el espíritu emprendedor con el rendimiento de la empresa? ¿Cómo influye la familia en dichas relaciones? Para responder a estas preguntas se realizó un estudio a las empresas que pertenecen a las Asociaciones Territoriales de Empresa Familiar. La metodología utilizada para analizar las relaciones propuestas se basa en un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, concretamente el enfoque Partial Least Squares. El principal valor del trabajo es la propuesta de dos modelos: el primer modelo analiza la relación entre transferencia de conocimientos (TC), orientación emprendedora (OE) y rendimiento (REND); el segundo modelo estudia la influencia de la familia (IF) como una variable moderadora de dichas relaciones. Como conclusión, en las empresas familiares de nuestra muestra la TC tiene un efecto positivo significativo sobre la OE, y ésta sobre el REND. La IF modera fortaleciendo la relación entre TC y OE y REND. Las implicaciones prácticas son claras. Nuestro estudio proporciona una base teórica y empírica para futuros estudios sobre TC y OE en las empresas familiares.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the joint effect of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and total quality management (TQM) on the organizational performance. In addition, this study aimed to examine the ability of TQM to transmit the effect of EO on the organizational performance. Design/methodology/approach – To examine the hypothesized model of the study, the survey questionnaire research design was employed. The data were collected from Dubai police department. The total number of questionnaires distributed was 320 out of which only 111 usable questionnaires were returned. The structural equation modeling partial least squares approach was used. Findings – The statistical results confirmed the effect of EO and TQM on the organizational performance. In addition, TQM was found to partially mediate the effect of EO on organizational performance. Practical implications – Further details and valuable implications of this study were discussed throughout the study. The results of this study have many practical implications. The results will help managers to make the proper decisions when deciding to implement TQM in their organizations. TQM can help managers with strong EO to achieve maximum performance in organizations and to remain competitive in the market. Originality/value – This study is a rare and unique empirical study that examines the effect of EO on TQM and the mediating effect of TQM on the EO-performance relationship.

This study aimed to explore how the individual entrepreneurial orientation affect the intention of adopting crowdsourcing innovation platforms. Through a survey applied to 395 managers of innovation projects by oil companies of global action. The phenomenon analyzed in the light of the theory of planned behavior using the structural equation modeling by the method of least squares. WE proposed a theoretical model considering the theory of individual entrepreneurial orientation and the constructs of TPB. The results reveal that the entrepreneurial orientation managers have strong influence on decision on the adoption of crowdsourcing innovation platforms. The study innovates by proposing a theoretical model able to help other researchers to predict attitudes that be changed so that it can produce changes in the intentions of the subjects., (undefined)

International audience; Many scholars have investigated the direct impact of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on performance, but this direct association seems both spurious and ambiguous because many parameters may have an indirect influence on this relationship. The present study thus considers sustainable practices\textemdashenvironmental practices, social practices in the workplace (SPW), and social practices in the community (SPC)\textemdashas three probable mediators in the relationship between EO and performance, which is considered in terms of its financial and non-financial dimensions. We seek to show to what extent small- and medium-sized enterprises\textquoteright (SMEs) sustainable practices are useful assets, which are supported by EO, to improve performance. Using a structural equation modeling approach, data collected from 406 French SMEs were tested against the model. Our findings reveal that EO has a positive impact on the implementation of sustainable practices and that SPW partially mediate the link between EO and performance. Taken together, these findings suggest that EO plays a role in indirectly promoting performance by enhancing certain human resource management practices.

Purpose: This study was set up to examine the effect of TQM, organizational excellence on organizational performance.Design/methodology/approach: To examine the model of the study, design of survey questionnaire was employed through data collected from Al Ain Municipality in the UAE. Out of 200 questionnaires, 135 only usable returned. Partial Least Square (PLS) structural equation modelling was employed to analyze the data.Findings: Based on statistical results, the effect of TQM, organizational excellence, and organizational performance were confirmed. Moreover, Entrepreneurial orientation was found not supported to moderate the effect of TQM as well as organizational excellence on organizational performance.Practical implications: The results of this study have several practical implications. This study will help managers and decision makers to take the proper decision when implementing TQM system. Due to that, Entrepreneurial orientation are the most important practices to ease the TQM& Organizational Excellence implementation.Originality/value: This study is considered as the only empirical study that examines the collective effect of TQM, organizational excellence on organizational performance.

This article examines the intermediary role of internal knowledge-sharing in the relationship between two aspects of small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) internal organisational context: structural and relational interdependence and their entrepreneurial orientation (EO). With a sample of 146 SMEs, the structural equation modelling results show that higher levels of internal knowledge-sharing associate with stronger EO, and that such knowledge-sharing derives from higher levels of task and reward interdependence, as well as from higher levels of social interaction and trust. The findings also reveal that internal knowledge-sharing fully mediates the relationships between SMEs’ task interdependence and trust with EO. The article contributes to research by highlighting several features of SMEs’ internal environment that can be used to enhance their entrepreneurial postures.

The complex relationship between firm performance and entrepreneurial resources raises attention to development program with aim of promoting entrepreneurial mindset to the SMEs. This study has intention to determine the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance, which involves two mediating variables: reward philosophy and marketing capability. Reward philosophy and incentive system are the most under-researched area in human resource, especially in the context of small business. With SMEs data survey in Indonesia, the result reveals that reward philosophy is not sufficient to explain the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance. It requires marketing capability, which can transform reward philosophy to performance. This study contributes to the development of resource-based theory, through discussing the role of dynamic capability. The research uses quantitative approach with the SMEs in Surabaya as unit analysis. Data analysis involves 390 SMEs taken from random sample selection process. The analysis involves descriptive, regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) approaches to test the hypotheses. The finding explains full mediating effect of employee compensation and marketing capability in converting entrepreneurial orientation to gain greater firm performance.