1,553 results
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2. Review of climate change science, knowledge and impacts on water resources in South Asia. Background Paper 1
- Author
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Pennan Chinnasamy, Guillaume Lacombe, and Alan Nicol
- Subjects
Water resources ,Geography ,International waters ,Land use ,business.industry ,Corporate governance ,Environmental impact assessment ,Groundwater recharge ,Water quality ,business ,Environmental planning ,Risk management - Published
- 2019
3. River Ecological Restoration and Groundwater Artificial Recharge II.
- Author
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Zhai, Yuanzheng and Wu, Jin
- Subjects
GROUNDWATER recharge ,RESTORATION ecology ,STREAM restoration ,ENVIRONMENTAL security ,WATER management ,ARTIFICIAL groundwater recharge - Abstract
The article discusses the depletion of rivers and groundwater due to climate change and human activity, which poses a threat to water security and ecosystems. Initiatives such as river ecological restoration and groundwater artificial recharge have been implemented to mitigate this trend. However, these actions can alter the natural connections between river water and groundwater, impacting their hydrological characteristics and material exchange. The article introduces a special issue that aims to further understand these behaviors and mechanisms through fifteen papers covering three research fields: hydrobiogeochemical cycles in riverbank filtration, behavior of pollutants in river-groundwater systems, and the impact of climate change and human activities on groundwater dynamics. These papers provide valuable scientific evidence for the sustainable management of water resources and the protection of water ecological security. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Managed Aquifer Recharge: A Key to Sustainability.
- Author
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Escalante, Enrique Fernández, Stefan, Catalin, Brown, Christopher J., and Hutchinson, Adam
- Subjects
GROUNDWATER recharge ,CLIMATE change adaptation ,WATER shortages ,COST benefit analysis ,SUSTAINABILITY ,DROUGHT management ,STAKEHOLDER analysis - Abstract
This article summarizes a special issue of the journal Water, which focuses on the 11th International Symposium on Managed Aquifer Recharge (ISMAR 11). The papers in this special issue discuss the importance of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) for sustainability worldwide, particularly in the face of water-related events like floods and droughts. The articles cover a range of topics including cost-benefit analysis, stakeholder engagement, and climate change adaptation. The research presented in the articles provides valuable insights into the benefits and feasibility of MAR for addressing water shortages and environmental challenges. The text also mentions the potential future focus on information technologies in MAR and the importance of web resources for sharing research results. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Predicting the impacts of climate change on groundwater recharge in an arid environment using modeling approach
- Author
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Ghazavi, Reza and Ebrahimi, Haidar
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Conservation of Water Resources in a Botanic Garden.
- Author
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Washburn, Chad E.
- Subjects
WATER conservation ,BOTANICAL gardens ,WATER supply ,GROUNDWATER recharge ,LANDSCAPE architects ,SEA level ,URBAN runoff management - Abstract
Water-resource challenges, encompassing both quality and quantity, pose significant threats to Florida's ecosystems, especially in the face of climate change, rising sea levels, and rapid urbanization. This paper explores the innovative stormwater-management system implemented at Naples Botanical Garden as a model for addressing these challenges. The Garden's approach, treating stormwater as a valuable resource, involves dry and wet retention areas, created lakes, and a unique River of Grass, mimicking natural ecosystems. This system not only mitigates flooding, but also effectively removes pollutants, recharges the aquifer, and provides a habitat for diverse wildlife. The paper emphasizes the economic, environmental, and social impacts of traditional stormwater-management practices in Florida. Naples Botanical Garden's case serves as a guide for botanical gardens and zoos globally, showcasing the pivotal role these institutions can play in sustainable water-resource management. The collaborative design process involving landscape architects, engineers, and horticulturists ensures a holistic and aesthetically pleasing approach to stormwater management. The paper underscores the role of botanical gardens in promoting nature-based solutions, educating the public, and offering tangible steps for implementing similar systems worldwide. It can help guide regional adaptation strategies to manage stormwater as a resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The Use of Environmental Isotopes in Hydrogeology.
- Author
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Carreira, Paula M. and Marques, José M.
- Subjects
GROUNDWATER recharge ,SCIENTIFIC knowledge ,ISOTOPES ,AQUIFERS ,HYDROGEOLOGY ,WATER management ,MACHINE learning ,ENVIRONMENTAL sciences - Abstract
This document provides an overview of the use of environmental isotopes in hydrogeology, focusing on the importance of groundwater as a vital resource and addressing issues such as water scarcity, overexploitation, and contamination. It explains how isotopes can be used to identify the origin and replenishment rates of groundwater systems, assess groundwater contamination, and understand groundwater dynamics. The document includes research papers that demonstrate the application of isotopes in various hydrogeological contexts. It concludes by emphasizing the need for comprehensive isotopic studies to support the sustainable management of groundwater resources. The authors express gratitude to the researchers and reviewers who have contributed to a Special Issue and acknowledge the valuable comments that have improved the outcome of the issue. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Managing Groundwater to Ensure Ecosystem Function
- Author
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Holly E. Richter, Scott A. Morrison, Melissa M. Rohde, Laurel Saito, Bill Christian, and Jennifer Diffley
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Resource (biology) ,Aquatic ecosystem ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Groundwater recharge ,020801 environmental engineering ,Harm ,Water Supply ,Threatened species ,Humans ,Business ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,Issue Paper ,Environmental planning ,Sustainable yield ,Groundwater ,Ecosystem ,Water Science and Technology ,Riparian zone - Abstract
Groundwater is a critical resource not only for human communities but also for many terrestrial, riparian, and aquatic ecosystems and species. Yet groundwater planning and management decisions frequently ignore or inadequately address the needs of these natural systems. As a consequence, ecosystems dependent on groundwater have been threatened, degraded, or eliminated, especially in arid regions. There is growing acknowledgment that governmental protections for these ecological resources are necessary, but current legal, regulatory and voluntary provisions are often inadequate. Groundwater management premised on “safe yield,” which aims to balance human withdrawals with natural recharge rates, typically provides little to no consideration for water needed by ecosystems. Alternatively, the “sustainable yield” concept aims to integrate social, economic and environmental needs for groundwater, but the complexity of groundwater systems creates substantial uncertainty about the impact that current or future groundwater withdrawals will have on ecosystems. Regardless of the legal or regulatory framework, guidance is needed to help ensure environmental water needs will be met, especially in the face of pressure to increase human uses of groundwater resources. In this paper, we describe minimum provisions for planning, managing, and monitoring groundwater that collectively can lower the risk of harm to groundwater‐dependent ecosystems and species, with a special emphasis on arid systems, where ecosystems and species may be especially reliant upon and sensitive to groundwater dynamics., Article impact statement: Using our model, one can evaluate the inflow to a tunnel and estimate the pumping rate and location of nearby well(s) to dewater the tunnel.
- Published
- 2021
9. An evaluation of semidistributed-pipe-network and distributed-finite-difference models to simulate karst systems
- Author
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Laurence Gill, Patrick Morrissey, Philip Schuler, Paul Johnston, and Lea Duran
- Subjects
Paper ,Submarine groundwater discharge ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0207 environmental engineering ,Karst ,Context (language use) ,Aquifer ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Civil engineering ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,020701 environmental engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,geography ,Hydrogeology ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Distributed element model ,MODFLOW ,Groundwater recharge ,6. Clean water ,Groundwater/surface-water relations ,Numerical modelling ,Ireland ,Geology - Abstract
Several different approaches have been developed to model the specific characteristics of karst aquifers, taking account of their inherent complex spatial and temporal heterogeneities. This paper sets out the development of a semidistributed modelling approach for applications in an Irish karst context using urban drainage software. The models have proven to be very useful for different studies, with examples given for the ecohydrology of ephemeral karst lakes, extreme groundwater-flood alleviation, karst network investigation, submarine groundwater discharge, and quantification of different recharge and flow components. The limitations of the approach are also highlighted, in particular not being able to simulate diffuse infiltration and flow paths explicitly across the groundwater catchment. Hence, a more distributed, finite-difference modelling approach using MODFLOW Unstructured Grid (USG) with the newly developed Connected Linear Network (CLN) process is then compared against the semidistributed approach on the same karst catchment. Whilst it has proven difficult to achieve the same levels of model performance in simulating the spring flows in the distributed model compared to the semidistributed model, the ability to interrogate the flow paths at any point on the three-dimensional aquifer is demonstrated, which can give new insights into flows (and potential contaminant transport) through such complex systems. The influence of the proximity of highly transmissive conduits on the flow dynamics through the much-lower transmissive matrix cells in which the network is embedded has been particularly investigated.Plusieurs approches différentes ont été développées pour modéliser les caractéristiques spécifiques des aquifères karstiques, prenant en compte leurs hétérogénéités spatiales et temporelles associées à leur complexité intrinsèque. Cet article présente le développement d’une approche de modélisation semi-distribuée appliquée à un contexte karstique irlandais en utilisant un logiciel de drainage urbain. Ces modèles se sont avérés très utiles pour différentes études, avec des exemples appliqués à l’écohydrologie de lacs karstiques éphémères, l’atténuation de crues extrêmes liées aux eaux souterraines, à l’étude du réseau karstique, à la décharge des sources sous-marines et à la quantification des différentes composantes aussi bien de la recharge que du débit. Les limites de cette approche sont aussi mises en évidence, avec en particulier l’incapacité de simuler l’infiltration diffuse et les voies d’écoulement de manière explicite au sein du bassin d’alimentation d’eaux souterraines. Par conséquent, une approche de modélisation plus distribuée aux différences finies utilisant le logiciel MODFLOW avec une grille non structurée (USG) intégrant le processus récemment développé de réseau linéaire connecté (CLN) est ensuite comparée à l’approche semi-distribuée appliquée au même bassin karstique. Alors qu’il s’est avéré difficile d’atteindre les mêmes niveaux de performance du modèle concernant la simulation du débit à la source à l’aide du modèle distribué en comparaison au modèle semi-distribué, la possibilité d’examiner les voies d’écoulement en tout point de l’aquifère en 3D est démontrée, ce qui peut donner de nouvelles connaissances sur les écoulements (et le transport potentiel de contaminants) au sein de tels systèmes complexes. L’influence de la proximité de conduits hautement transmissifs sur les écoulements dynamiques au travers des cellules de transmissivité plus faible de la matrice au sein de laquelle le réseau est intégré, a été particulièrement étudiée.Se han elaborado varios enfoques diferentes para modelar las características específicas de los acuíferos kársticos, teniendo en cuenta sus complejas y propias heterogeneidades espaciales y temporales. En el presente documento se expone la elaboración de un enfoque de modelización semidistribuido para aplicaciones en un contexto kárstico de Irlanda utilizando programas informáticos de drenaje urbano. Los modelos han demostrado ser muy útiles para diferentes estudios, y se dan ejemplos para la ecohidrología de los lagos kársticos efímeros, la mitigación de las inundaciones extremas de aguas subterráneas, la investigación de redes kársticas, la descarga submarina de aguas subterráneas y la cuantificación de diferentes componentes de la recarga y el flujo. También se ponen de relieve las limitaciones del enfoque, en particular el hecho de no poder simular explícitamente la infiltración difusa y las trayectorias de flujo a través de la cuenca de captación de aguas subterráneas. Por lo tanto, un enfoque de modelización de diferencias finitas distribuidas utilizando la red no estructurada (USG) de MODFLOW con el proceso de la Red Lineal Conectada (CLN) recientemente desarrollado se compara entonces con el enfoque semidistribuido en la misma cuenca kárstica. Si bien se ha demostrado que es difícil lograr los mismos niveles de rendimiento del modelo en la simulación de los flujos de manantiales en el modelo distribuido en comparación con el modelo semidistribuido, se demuestra la capacidad de interrogar las trayectorias de los flujos en cualquier punto del acuífero tridimensional, lo que puede dar nuevos conocimientos sobre los flujos (y el transporte de contaminantes potenciales) a través de sistemas tan complejos. Se ha investigado en particular la influencia de la proximidad de conductos altamente transmisivos en la dinámica de los flujos a través de las células de la matriz transmisiva, mucho más bajas, en las que está incorporada la red.鉴于岩溶含水层内在的复杂时空异质性, 已经开发出几种不同的方法来模拟岩溶含水层的特定性质。本文提出了基于城市排水软件的半分布式模型的开发方法, 并在爱尔兰喀斯特环境中应用。该模型已被证明对不同的研究非常有用, 并举例说明了季节性的喀斯特湖的生态水文学, 极端地下水洪涝减缓, 岩溶网络调查, 海底地下水排泄以及不同补给量和流动量的量化。还强调了该方法的局限性, 特别是不能明确模拟整个地下水盆地的扩散入渗和流动路径。因此, 然后将MODFLOW非结构化网格(USG)和新开发的连接线性网络(CLN)过程耦合的分布式有限差分方法与同一个喀斯特流域的半分布式方法进行了比较。尽管已证明分 布式模型模拟的泉流量难以达到与半分布式模型相比相同水平的模型性能, 但仍展示了在三维含水层上任意点处查询流路的能力, 这可以给出分析该类复杂系统流量(以及潜在的污染物传输)的新方法。特别研究了高传输管流的邻近度对通过嵌入网络的传导率低得多单元的流动动力学的影响。.Diversas abordagens diferentes foram desenvolvidas para modelar as características específicas dos aquíferos cársticos, levando em consideração suas complexas heterogeneidades espaciais e temporais inerentes. Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma abordagem de modelagem semidistribuída para aplicações em um contexto cárstico irlandês usando software de drenagem urbana. Os modelos provaram ser muito úteis para diferentes estudos, com exemplos dados para a ecohidrologia de lagos cársticos efêmeros, alívio de inundações subterrâneas extremas, investigação de rede cárstica, descarga de água subterrânea submarina e quantificação de diferentes componentes de recarga e fluxo. As limitações da abordagem também são destacadas, em particular não ser capaz de simular infiltração difusa e caminhos de fluxo explicitamente através da captação de água subterrânea. Portanto, uma abordagem de modelagem de diferenças finitas, mais distribuída, usando MODFLOW Unstructured Grid (USG) com o processo de Rede Linear Conectada (RLC) recém-desenvolvido é então comparada com a abordagem semidistribuída na mesma bacia cárstica. Embora tenha se mostrado difícil alcançar os mesmos níveis de desempenho do modelo na simulação dos fluxos de nascente no modelo distribuído em comparação com o modelo semidistribuído, a capacidade de interrogar os caminhos de fluxo em qualquer ponto do aquífero tridimensional é demonstrada, o que pode dar novas percepções sobre os fluxos (e o transporte potencial de contaminantes) por meio de tais sistemas complexos. A influência da proximidade de condutos altamente transmissivos na dinâmica do fluxo através das células da matriz transmissiva muito inferior nas quais a rede está inserida foi investigada particularmente.
- Published
- 2020
10. Research on the Jiamusi Area's Shallow Groundwater Recharge Using Remote Sensing and the SWAT Model.
- Author
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Yang, Xiao, Dai, Changlei, Liu, Gengwei, and Li, Chunyue
- Subjects
GROUNDWATER recharge ,HYDROLOGICAL stations ,WATER supply ,RUNOFF models ,REMOTE sensing - Abstract
Jiamusi is situated in Heilongjiang Province, China, in the center of the Sanjiang Plain. The 1980s' overplanting of paddy fields resulted in a decrease in groundwater levels, scarcity of groundwater resources, and frequent earth collapses. Examining and safeguarding the groundwater resources in this region has emerged as a crucial subject. In light of this, this paper uses the remote sensing water balance method and the SWAT distributed hydrological model to calculate groundwater resources in the Jiamusi area. It also conducts scientific experiments by examining various factors, including rainfall, the degree of water supply, soil type, and land use. The measured monthly runoff of Jiamusi City's Tongjiang and Fuyuan City's hydrology stations was utilized to establish the model parameters for the SWAT model. A preliminary assessment of the distribution features of shallow groundwater in the Jiamusi area is conducted using the two methodologies mentioned above, and the following results are reached: (1) Tongjiang Hydrological Station and Fuyuan Hydrological Station both had good runoff modeling results, with R
2 and NS values of 0.81, 0.77, and 0.77, 0.75, respectively. (2) The SWAT model works well for assessing groundwater resources. Between 2010 and 2016 (two preheating years), Jiamusi's average groundwater recharge was 61.03 × 108 m3 , with a recoverable amount of 27.4 × 108 m3 . (3) Based on the remote sensing water balancing approach, the average exploitable quantity of groundwater recharge in the Jiamusi area between 2008 and 2016 is 23.94 × 108 m3 , while the average recharge in the area is 53.2 × 108 m3 . (4) The Jiamusi metropolitan area is the core of the groundwater phreatic reservoir water reserves, which progressively decline in both the northeast and southeast directions. It falls to the southwest as Fuyuan City's center. The Songhua River's main stream area near Tongjiang City has the least volume of water reserves in the phreatic layer, and the area's groundwater reserves converge to the southeast and northwest, where surface water makes up the majority of the water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The Characteristics and Application of Deuterium and Oxygen Isotopes to Karst Groundwater, Southwest China.
- Author
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Tang, Mi, Yu, Shi, You, Shaohong, and Jiang, Pingping
- Subjects
STABLE isotopes ,KARST ,GROUNDWATER recharge ,DEUTERIUM ,OXYGEN isotopes ,GROUNDWATER ,HYDROLOGIC cycle ,BODIES of water - Abstract
Stable isotopes in natural water bodies serve as hydrologic tracers, with a history of extensive application in karst groundwater research. The present paper is a systematic review of previous research results, with the objective of sorting out and summarizing the stable isotopic characteristics of karst groundwater in southwest China, which is the most typical karst region worldwide. Comprehensive analysis reveals that the deuterium and oxygen isotope values of most karst groundwater are characterized temporally as 'enriched in the rainy season and depleted in the dry season', which is the opposite of the pattern of precipitation. While the spatial distribution feature is basically consistent with the spatial variation pattern of precipitation, which is characterized as 'depleted from the coast to the interior'. Additionally, the main applications of stable isotopes to karst groundwater are discussed, including karst groundwater recharge source and recharge elevation identification, research on karst groundwater in the hydrological cycle, the hydrological process of karst groundwater, and karst groundwater contamination tracking. Finally, we looked forward to future research on karst groundwater based on deuterium and oxygen isotopes. It is our hope that this review may provide insight into the study of karst groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Using Wavelet Coherence to Characterize Surface Water Infiltration into a Low‐Lying Karst Aquifer
- Author
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Paul Johnston, Lea Duran, Laurence Gill, Philip Schuler, and Èlia Cantoni
- Subjects
0208 environmental biotechnology ,Soil science ,Aquifer ,02 engineering and technology ,STREAMS ,Rivers ,Water Movements ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,Groundwater ,Water Science and Technology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Water ,Research Papers ,Groundwater recharge ,Karst ,6. Clean water ,020801 environmental engineering ,Water level ,Complex dynamics ,Infiltration (hydrology) ,13. Climate action ,Environmental science ,Hydrology ,Surface water ,Research Paper - Abstract
Karstified carbonate aquifers may receive significant recharge contributions from losing streams, hence, the knowledge about surface water‐groundwater (SW‐GW) interactions is crucial with regard to water management (e.g., source protection zone delineation). The dynamics of SW‐GW interactions may depend on factors such as the relative water levels between streams and aquifers, resulting in a temporal variation of exchange, which imposes complexity to the understanding of such dynamics. This study highlights the use of high‐resolution time series and multiresolution analysis to help to gain insights into such complex dynamics. Wavelet coherence is applied on hourly time series of rainfall, stream, and spring discharges of a low‐lying karstified spring catchment to yield a correlation in the time‐frequency domain. This analysis provides comprehensive information on the overall impact of the river on the spring, which is supported by the cross‐correlation function, as well as by more detailed information, including time‐variant influences such as a threshold level of influence. Field observations of turbidity sampling at the spring appear to support this interpretation. This innovative approach relies on basic hydrological parameters, water level, or discharge, and is therefore applicable to many other systems with such existing time series., Article impact statement: Wavelet coherence yields high‐resolution information on surface water‐groundwater interaction.
- Published
- 2020
13. A Review of Hydrological Studies in the United Arab Emirates.
- Author
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Almheiri, Khalid B., Rustum, Rabee, Wright, Grant, and Adeloye, Adebayo J.
- Subjects
RAINFALL ,RAIN-making ,METROPOLITAN areas ,GROUNDWATER analysis ,GROUNDWATER recharge ,RAINSTORMS - Abstract
The increasing interest in hydrological studies in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has resulted in the publication of several papers on hydrology and its broad use for addressing contemporaneous challenges confronting humans and the environment in the region. However, for several reasons, these efforts have remained invisible and unrecognized. This paper has reviewed the literature on hydrological research in the UAE to provide a comprehensive source of information for researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and other stakeholders. The documented studies were carefully selected, relying on a bibliometric analysis methodology of five phases to specify the boundary of the study area, adopt the primary keywords for the search, evaluate the obtained papers, exclude the non-conforming ones, and classify the final results into four distinguished topics—namely, rainfall analysis, urban growth and flood hazards, cloud seeding and changing climate, and groundwater situation and utilization. The evaluation process considered assessing the papers' relevancy, authenticity, and coverage of the main issues of interest. In all, a total of 50 published papers were identified based on the specified criteria and reviewed. The main findings were first that the amount of rainfall over the UAE has been declining in the last decade, and this trend is expected to continue, although intensities are rising, suggesting shorter duration events. Secondly, the extensive urban growth in the country has resulted in increasing incidences of urban floods and declining groundwater recharge. Both of these are to be expected as consequences of the increased imperviousness from urbanization and the higher intensities from shorter-duration rainfall events. Thirdly, although the cloud-seeding program has proved to be successful in increasing precipitation amounts, the impact of this on flooding due to more extreme rainfall intensities and on air quality remains worrisome. Finally, groundwater analyses have shown that it is still the main freshwater resource in the country, but its long-term sustainability and quality are being threatened by the declining recharge. This calls for a national policy for groundwater management in the UAE to tackle the challenges associated with the increasing demand for water in all sectors of the economy. The study recommended addressing the gap in the hydrological literature of the UAE, specifically in the field of big meteorological data analysis, the socioeconomic impacts of urban floods, the impacts of climate change in urbanized regions, and the possibility of using alternative resources to recharge groundwater as part of sustainable water management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Integrating technological solutions to identify the potential locations for rainwater harvesting interventions in ICAR-IIHR farm at Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru
- Author
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Bhanu A and Suresh Ramaswwamyreddy
- Subjects
hydrogeomorphometric ,Thornthwaite ,evapotranspiration ,Plant culture ,runoff ,groundwater recharge ,Aivarakhandapura watershed ,infiltration ,Original Research Papers ,rainwater harvesting ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Water constitutes the prime requirement for existence and sustenance of all life forms. It is also the most vital component for enabling economic and social development. The quantum of rainfall and surface water availability have remained constant leading to overexploitation of ground water, declining water table levels and deterioration of water quality. ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru is wholly dependent on rains and borewell water for irrigation of experimental plots and laboratory needs apart from demand from other utilities and residential colony. There is water shortage because of reduced output from borewells, change in rainfall pattern, and, the dried up Aivarakhandapura lake. This resource scarcity has to be balanced critically with increasing water demand due to enhancement of cultivated land, more experimental activities, construction of new buildings and additional environment controlled polyhouses/ greenhouses. Devising practical solutions for management of scarce water resource is a big challenge. This paper focuses on Water Conservation and Water Balance in farm area of ICAR - IIHR (in Arkavathy basin near Hesaraghatta) with morphological and hydro-geological analyses to understand the in-situ percolation / infiltration and runoff characteristics taking into account the topographical features of the area. The study also covers the application of Penman-Monteith equation standardized by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO56-PM) simultaneously with crop coefficient approach (single crop coefficient) for estimation of values of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop evapotranspiration under standard conditions (ETc). A series of systematic, logical and scientific steps are adopted to arrive at validated conclusions. This paper presents the data collected from various sources and tests which are compiled and collated using advanced computer applications like AutoCAD, Arc GIS, MS Excel and Adobe Photoshop. The results obtained from these applications are used to analyze and arrive at potential locations for engineering interventions in the farm area for effective and efficient harvesting of rainwater leading to conservation and ground water recharge.
- Published
- 2017
15. A Simple Method for Simulating Groundwater Interactions with Fens to Forecast Development Effects
- Author
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David J. Hart, Richard G. Niswonger, Michael N. Fienen, Randall J. Hunt, Daniel T. Feinstein, and Sarah Gatzke
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Water table ,MODFLOW ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Soil science ,Wetland ,Research Papers ,02 engineering and technology ,Groundwater recharge ,Models, Theoretical ,Structural basin ,020801 environmental engineering ,Research Paper ,Infiltration (hydrology) ,Wisconsin ,Wetlands ,Vadose zone ,Water Movements ,Environmental science ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,Groundwater ,Forecasting ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Protection of fens–wetlands dependent on groundwater discharge–requires characterization of groundwater sources and stresses. Because instrumentation and numerical modeling of fens is labor intensive, easy‐to‐apply methods that model fen distribution and their vulnerability to development are desirable. Here we demonstrate that fen areas can be simulated using existing steady‐state MODFLOW models when the unsaturated zone flow (UZF) package is included. In cells where the water table is near land surface, the UZF package calculates a head difference and scaled conductance at these “seepage drain” cells to generate average rates of vertical seepage to the land. This formulation, which represents an alternative to blanketing the MODFLOW domain with drains, requires very little input from the user because unsaturated flow‐routing is inactive and results are primarily driven by easily obtained topographic information. Like the drain approach, it has the advantage that the distribution of seepage areas is not predetermined by the modeler, but rather emerges from simulated heads. Beyond the drain approach, it takes account of intracell land surface variation to explicitly quantify multiple surficial flows corresponding to infiltration, rejected recharge, recharge and land‐surface seepage. Application of the method to a basin in southeastern Wisconsin demonstrates how it can be used as a decision‐support tool to first, reproduce fen distribution and, second, forecast drawdown and reduced seepage at fens in response to shallow pumping., Article impact statement: Protection of fens is improved by enhanced fen‐groundwater exchange simulation provided by this easy‐to‐apply approach.
- Published
- 2019
16. Policy and Economics of Managed Aquifer Recharge and Water Banking.
- Author
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Megdal, Sharon B. and Dillo, Peter
- Subjects
GROUNDWATER recharge ,AQUIFERS ,WATER banking ,WATER supply management ,DROUGHTS ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) and water banking are of increasing importance to water resources management. MAR can be used to buffer against drought and changing or variable climate, as well as provide water to meet demand growth, by making use of excess surface water supplies and recycled waters. Along with hydrologic and geologic considerations, economic and policy analyses are essential to a complete analysis of MAR and water banking opportunities. The papers included in this Special Issue fill a gap in the literature by revealing the range of economic and policy considerations relevant to the development and implementation of MAR programs. They illustrate novel techniques that can be used to select MAR locations and the importance and economic viability of MAR in semi-arid to arid environments. The studies explain how MAR can be utilized to meet municipal and agricultural water demands in water-scarce regions, as well as assist in the reuse of wastewater. Some papers demonstrate how stakeholder engagement, ranging from consideration of alternatives to monitoring, and multi-disciplinary analyses to support decision-making are of high value to development and implementation of MAR programs. The approaches discussed in this collection of papers, along with the complementary and necessary hydrologic and geologic analyses, provide important inputs to water resource managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Groundwater Storage Variations across Climate Zones from Southern Poland to Arctic Sweden: Comparing GRACE-GLDAS Models with Well Data.
- Author
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Rzepecka, Zofia, Birylo, Monika, Jarsjö, Jerker, Cao, Feifei, and Pietroń, Jan
- Subjects
CLIMATIC zones ,CLIMATE change ,GROUNDWATER ,WATER levels ,WATER supply ,GROUNDWATER recharge ,WATER table ,WELLS - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to assess the correlation of groundwater level changes (or groundwater level anomalies (GWLA)) obtained from direct measurements in wells with groundwater storage anomalies (GWSA) calculated using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) products and Global Land Data Assimilation Systems (GLDAS) models across different climate zones, from temperate Poland to Arctic Sweden. We recognize that such validation studies are needed to increase the understanding of the spatio-temporal limits of remote sensing model applicability, not least in data-scarce sub-Arctic and Arctic environments where processes are complex due to the impacts of snow and (perma) frost. Results for temperate climates in Poland and southern Sweden show that, whereas one of the models (JPL_NOAH_GWSA) failed due to water balance term overestimation, the other model (CSR_CLM_GWSA) produced excellent results of monthly groundwater dynamics when compared with the observations in 387 groundwater wells in the region during 2003–2022 (cross-correlation coefficient of 0.8). However, for the sub-Arctic and Arctic northern Sweden, the model suitable for other regions failed to reproduce typical northern groundwater regimes (of the region's 85 wells), where winter levels decrease due to the blocking effect of ground frost on groundwater recharge. This suggests, more generally, that conventional methods for deriving GWSA and its seasonality ceases to be reliable in the presence of considerably infiltration-blocking ground frost and permafrost (whereas snow storage modules perform well), which hence need further attention in future research. Regarding long-term groundwater level trends, remote sensing results for southern Sweden show increasing levels, in contrast with observed unchanged to decreasing (~10 mm/a) levels, which may not necessarily be due to errors in the remote sensing model but may rather emphasize impacts of anthropogenic pressures, which are higher near the observation wells that are often located in eskers used for water supply. For sub-Arctic and Arctic Sweden, the (relatively uncertain) trend of the remote sensing results nevertheless agrees reasonably well with the groundwater well observations that show increasing groundwater levels of up to ~14 mm/a, which, e.g., is consistent with reported trends of large Siberian river basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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18. Assessment of Groundwater Recharge Using WetSpass-M and MODFLOW Coupling in Jedeb Watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia.
- Author
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Asrade, Tadie Mulie, Tadesse, Kassahun Birhanu, Kerebih, Mulu Sewinet, and Ayinalem, Solomon Bogale
- Abstract
Currently, the demand for water is rising, and as a result, the groundwater is declining. Water supplies are not sufficient for agricultural productivity, environmental preservation, or ecosystem services, resulting in an unbalanced water budget in the basin. The goal of this paper is to assess the groundwater recharge in the Jedeb sub-basin using WetSpass-MODFLOW coupling. A spatially distributed water balance model is developed to simulate long-term average recharge depending on land cover, soil texture, topography, and hydro meteorological parameters. The groundwater model is iteratively connected to the recharge model in order to simulate recharge. This means that the depth of the groundwater affects the recharge estimate and vice versa. The average yearly evapotranspiration, surface runoff, and groundwater recharge were determined using WetSpass-M to be 574, 898, and 99 mm, respectively. Groundwater recharge accounted for 6.3% of precipitation, while actual evapotranspiration and surface runoff accounted for 36.4% and 57% of precipitation, respectively. In such seasonal variations, the groundwater level in the Jedeb Sub-basin was studied under various stress conditions (dry season, wet season, and annually). The groundwater level distribution varied from 2,052.3 to 3,063.06 m in the summer stress period (recharge). While in the winter stress period (recharge), the groundwater level varied from 2,051.41 to 3,061.92 m, and the groundwater level due to the annual stress period (recharge) varied from 2,053.76 to 3,064.5 m. With a correlation coefficient of.89, which is an acceptable fit between the simulated and observed heads in steady state for all stress periods (summer, winter, and annual recharge). The contribution of this study could be used as baseline information for regional water resource experts, policymakers, and researchers for further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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19. Combining Crop and Water Decisions to Manage Groundwater Overdraft over Decadal and Longer Timescales.
- Author
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Yao, Yiqing, Lund, Jay R., and Medellín-Azuara, Josué
- Subjects
GROUNDWATER management ,GROUNDWATER ,OVERDRAFTS ,CROPS ,WATER management ,ARTIFICIAL groundwater recharge ,GROUNDWATER recharge - Abstract
Coordinating management of groundwater, surface water, and irrigated crops is fundamental economically for many arid and semi-arid regions. This paper examines conjunctive water management for agriculture using hydro-economic optimization modeling. The analysis is integrated across two timescales: a two-stage stochastic decadal model for managing annual and perennial crops spanning dry and wet years and a far-horizon dynamic program embedding the decadal model into a longer groundwater policy setting. The modeling loosely represents California's San Joaquin Valley and has insights for many irrigated arid and semi-arid regions relying on groundwater with variable annual hydrology. Results show how conjunctive water management can stabilize crop decisions and improve agricultural profitability across different water years by pumping more in dry years and increasing recharging groundwater in wetter years. Using groundwater as a buffer for droughts allows growing more higher-value perennial crops, which maximizes profit even with water-scarce conditions. Nevertheless, ending overdraft in basins with declining groundwater for profit-maximizing farming reduces annual crops to maintain more profitable perennial crops through droughts. Results are affected by economic discount rates and future climates. Operating and opportunity costs from forgone annual crops can reduce aquifer recharge early in regulatory periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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20. Impact of Water Level Variation on Mechanical Properties of Porous Concrete.
- Author
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Lamichhane, Rabin, Motra, Gokarna Bahadur, Khadka, Thaman Bahadur, Zhang, Y. X., Pathak, Prabin, and Pandit, Shikhar
- Abstract
This paper investigates porous concrete and the influence of water level variations and porosity on the mechanical, physical, and hydraulic properties of porous concrete. The effect of different void percentages and various water levels on the properties of porous concrete was studied. Fabricated specimens with targeted porosities of 20% and 25% were subjected to a series of tests to evaluate their compressive strength, hydraulic conductivity (permeability), and porosity. The permeability of the specimens was assessed using a falling head permeameter to ensure effective water percolation. Porosity was quantified through a volumetric method, providing insights into void content. Both cubical and cylindrical specimens were used for all tests, along with compression tests under both air-dried and oven-dried conditions. The results showed that the maximum compressive strength occurred under oven-dried conditions for both cubical (7.05 MPa, 5.58 MPa) and cylindrical (8.36 MPa, 4.81 MPa) specimens, with 20% and 25% porosities, respectively. The compressive strength was found to be low in air-dried samples and increased with higher water levels, peaking at the 40% water level. Furthermore, the porosity exhibited a significant correlation with the reduction in density, affecting the mechanical properties. For the cylindrical and cubical samples, the dry density decreased by 16.03 kg/m
3 and 20.85 kg/m3 and the permeability increased by 0.41 mm/s and 0.84 mm/s, respectively, for every 1% increase in porosity. The results showcased the effect of water level variation on porous concrete properties as well as its promising ability to infiltrate water. This promotes the development of sustainable pavement systems by minimizing surface runoff and aiding groundwater recharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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21. Characteristics of Runoff Components in the Mingyong Glacier Basin, Meili Snow Mountains.
- Author
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Zhang, Zichen, Wu, Lihua, Feng, Jun, Dong, Zhiwen, Zhao, Xiong, Sun, Yi, Cheng, Xiping, Dong, Liqin, and Liu, Tingting
- Subjects
GROUNDWATER recharge ,ABLATION (Glaciology) ,BODIES of water ,RUNOFF ,SPRING ,AUTUMN ,MELTWATER - Abstract
As an important hydrological ecosystem component, the glacier basin has great significance for climate and environment, and it is also linked to regional water sustainability. In this paper, the sampling and isotope analysis of glacial ice, ice-melt water, river water (river midstream and river downstream), groundwater (spring), and precipitation were carried out in a hydrological year of the Mingyong Glacier basin, which is located at the Meili Snow Mountains, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau. At the same time, the hydrograph separation of the recharge sources of the lower mountain pass is studied. The results show that the range of δD, δ
18 O, and d-excess (deuterium excess) in natural water bodies are significantly different, and the precipitation is the most obvious. The high values of δD and δ18 O in the water samples all appeared in spring and summer, and the low values appeared in autumn and winter, while glacial ice showed opposite trends. Meanwhile, the local meteoric water line (LMWL) of the Mingyong Glacier basin is δD = 8.04δ18 O + 13.06. The End-Member Mixing Analysis (EMMA) was adopted to determine the sources proportion of river water (river downstream) according to the δD, δ18 O, and d-excess ratio relationships. The results showed that the proportion of ice-melt water, groundwater, and precipitation in the ablation period was 80.6%, 17.2%, and 2.2% as well as 19.2%, 73.1%, and 7.7% in the accumulation period, respectively. Ice-melt water has a higher conversion recharge rate to groundwater and indirectly recharges river water, especially in nonmonsoon seasons. In other words, the main recharge source of river water in the lower reaches of the Mingyong Glacier basin during the ablation period is ice-melt water. In the accumulation period, the main recharge source of river water in the lower reaches of the Mingyong Glacier basin is groundwater, while nearly half of the recharge of groundwater comes from ice-melt water. Therefore, regardless of the ablation period or the accumulation period, ice-melt water is sustainable and important to this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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22. Quasi-Saturated Layer: Implications for Estimating Recharge and Groundwater Modeling
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Bruno Zanon Engelbrecht, Martinus Th. van Genuchten, Hung K. Chang, Elias Hideo Teramoto, Miguel Angel Alfaro Soto, and Roger Dias Gonçalves
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Groundwater flow ,Water table ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Water ,Soil science ,02 engineering and technology ,Groundwater recharge ,Research Papers ,020801 environmental engineering ,Pore water pressure ,Research Paper ,Hydraulic conductivity ,Water Movements ,Environmental science ,Precipitation ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,Groundwater model ,Groundwater ,Porosity ,Brazil ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
This study presents an extension of the concept of “quasi‐saturation” to a quasi‐saturated layer, defined as the uppermost dynamic portion of the saturated zone subject to water table fluctuations. Entrapped air here may cause substantial reductions in the hydraulic conductivity (K) and fillable pore water. Air entrapment is caused by a rising water table, usually as a result of groundwater recharge. The most significant effects of entrapped air are recharge overestimation based on methods that use specific yield (S y), such as the water table fluctuation method (WTF), and reductions in K values. These effects impact estimation of fluid flow velocities and contaminant migration rates in groundwater. In order to quantify actual groundwater recharge rates and the effects of entrapped air, numerical simulations with the FEFLOW (Version 7.0) groundwater flow model were carried out using a quasi‐saturated layer for a pilot area in Rio Claro, Brazil. The calculated recharge rate represented 16% of the average precipitation over an 8‐year period, approximately half of estimates using the WTF method. Air entrapment amounted to a fillable porosity of 0.07, significant lower that the value of 0.17 obtained experimentally for S y. Numerical results showed that the entrapped air volume in the quasi‐saturated layer can be very significant (0.58 of the air fraction) and hence can significantly affect estimates of groundwater recharge and groundwater flow rates near the water table., Article impact statement: Quasi‐saturation due to air entrapment near the water table has major effects on estimated recharge rates and modeling groundwater.
- Published
- 2020
23. Spatial–Temporal Water Balance Evaluation in the Nile Valley Upstream of the New Assiut Barrage, Egypt, Using WetSpass-M.
- Author
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Li, Zhanchao, Eladly, Ahmed S., Amen, Ehab Mohammad, Salem, Ali, Hassanien, Mahmoud M., Yahya, Khailah Ebrahim, and Liang, Jiaming
- Subjects
GROUNDWATER recharge ,WATER management ,HYDROLOGIC cycle ,BARRAGES ,WATER supply ,LAND use planning - Abstract
The components of water balance (WBC) that involve precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, irrigation, and groundwater recharge are critical for understanding the hydrological cycle and water management of resources in semi-arid and arid areas. This paper assesses temporal and spatial distributions of surface runoff, actual evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge upstream of the New Assiut Barrage (NAB) in the Nile Valley, Upper Egypt, using the WetSpass-M model for the period 2012–2020. Moreover, this study evaluates the effect of land cover/land use (LULC) alterations in the study period on the WBC of the NAB. The data provided as input for the WetSpass-M model in the structure of raster maps using the Arc-GIS tool. Monthly meteorological factors (e.g., temperature, rainfall, and wind speed), a digital elevation model (DEM), slope, land cover, irrigation cover, a soil map, and depth to groundwater are included. The long-term temporal and spatial mean monthly irrigation and precipitation (127 mm) is distributed as 49% (62 mm) actual evapotranspiration, 15% (19 mm) groundwater recharge, and 36% (46 mm) surface runoff. The replacement of cropland by built-up areas was recognized as the primary factor responsible for the major decrease in groundwater, an increase in evapotranspiration and an increase in surface runoff between LCLU in 2012 and 2020. The integration of the WetSpass model with GIS has shown its effectiveness as a powerful approach for assessing WBC. Results were more accurate and reliable when hydrological modeling and spatial analysis were combined. The results of this research can help make well-informed decisions about land use planning and sustainable management of water resources in the upstream area of the NAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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24. Assessment of Hydrological Responses to Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Forest-Dominated Watershed Using SWAT Model.
- Author
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Ware, Hiyaw Hatiya, Chang, Sun Woo, Lee, Jeong Eun, and Chung, Il-Moon
- Subjects
LAND cover ,LAND use ,WATERSHEDS ,WATER management ,GROUNDWATER recharge ,HYDROLOGIC cycle ,WATERSHED management - Abstract
Recognizing how human activities affect hydrological systems is vital for the sustainable preservation and effective management of water resources in the watershed. Hence, this paper focuses on the hydrological response to land use and land cover (LULC) change scenarios in the Anyang watershed, South Korea. We obtained LULC data maps for the years 2000, 2013, and 2022 from the local government, revealing significant changes over the years. Agricultural lands experienced a 6.2% increase from 2000 to 2022, and pastureland expanded by 8.67% over two decades. The SWAT model was utilized to assess the impact of LULC on the hydrological components of the study watershed. Model calibration and validation for each LULC change were carried out using the SWAT-CUP program, considering the recorded streamflow information of the region. An excellent agreement was reached between the simulated and measured streamflow in both the calibration and validation stages under various LULC conditions. The Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE), the objective function, demonstrated values of 0.9, 0.89, and 0.89 during the calibration for 2000, 2013, and 2022, respectively, in the LULC scenario, while for the validation, we obtained values of 0.82, 0.78, and 0.80 for 2000, 2013, and 2022, respectively. Our findings indicate that the surface runoff rise contributed much to the water yield increase over the two decades compared to the other components in terms of the water yield, while the contribution of evapotranspiration (ET) to the watershed hydrological cycle declined by 1.66% from 2000 to 2022. The southeastern sub-basin part showed a high groundwater recharge distribution due to agricultural land, rice area, and forest area changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Effects of improved water retention by increased soil organic matter on the water balance of arable soils: A numerical analysis.
- Author
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Feifel, Mario, Durner, Wolfgang, Hohenbrink, Tobias L., and Peters, Andre
- Subjects
CARBON content of water ,SOIL testing ,NUMERICAL analysis ,GROUNDWATER recharge ,AQUIFERS ,SOIL moisture ,PLANT-water relationships - Abstract
Climate change will lead to prolonged droughts in various regions of the world, which may significantly affect agricultural production. This is particularly problematic for soils with low water retention capacity, which cannot store sufficient water for crops. In this paper, we investigate how a change in the water‐holding capacity of the soil material, as could be achieved by increasing the soil organic carbon (SOC) amount, affects the components of the soil water balance (evaporation, transpiration, and groundwater recharge). Specifically, we state the hypothesis that an increased water‐holding capacity in a shallow soil layer, as it is achieved through SOC enrichment at the soil surface, will result in more water being stored near the soil surface and lost to unproductive evaporation, thereby reducing the amount of water available to plants and groundwater recharge. The hypothesis was tested by numerical simulations, employing the Hydrus‐1D program package to model the water balance in a soil–plant–atmosphere system for an arable crop in hydrologically contrasting years. The study considered soils with varying textures and different depths of a soil layer with increased SOC content. The soil hydraulic properties (SHP) of the soil material, including the effect of SOC on the SHP, were determined using a recently developed pedotransfer model based on data from over 500 samples. We showed that both the improved water retention by SOC and its vertical distribution affect the soil water balance in a complex manner. In sandy soils, increasing the water‐holding capacity in shallow layers up to 0.1 m led to enhanced evaporation and thus a decrease in water availability for crops. However, deeper incorporated SOC could ameliorate these negative effects. Our findings suggest that not only the amount but also the vertical SOC distribution should be considered if enrichment of SOC shall be applied to mitigate the effect of droughts. Core Ideas: Addition of soil organic carbon (SOC) alters soil material's hydraulic properties.This, in turn, impacts the water balance of soils under agricultural use.The depth at which SOC is incorporated into soils plays a crucial role in the partitioning of evapotranspiration (ET) into evaporation (E) and transpiration (T).Deeper incorporation of SOC results in greater water availability for plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Environmental impact assessment of laterite quarrying from Netravati–Gurpur river basin, South West Coast of India.
- Author
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Vandana, M., John, Shiekha E., Sunny, Syam, Maya, K., and Padmalal, D.
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,LATERITE ,QUARRIES & quarrying ,GROUNDWATER recharge ,MINE closures - Abstract
Mining and quarrying provide the basic raw materials for sustaining human well-being and are critical for achieving economic developments. At the same time, environmental degradation and its associated social impacts and inequalities have become a grave reality of mining sector that affects all nations, individually and/or collectively. Assessment of the environmental impacts arising from mining and quarrying is critical to limit the environmental problems within the barest minimum levels. Although many impact assessment studies are available on mining/quarrying of different major and minor minerals, not many studies exist on quarrying for laterite blocks which is being widespread in many of the fast developing tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world like India. Therefore, this paper evaluates the impact of laterite quarrying for construction blocks, in one of the twin river basins in SW India, the Netravati–Gurpur river basin, where the activity is widespread. The Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM) method was used to evaluate the impacts of laterite quarrying as it allows a comprehensive analysis of the results based on the individual environmental score obtained for each component. RIAM is a valuable assessment tool, owing to its capability in quick, collective and reliable evaluation of the impacts that can aid decision making and minimization of environmental impacts, especially at early planning stages. Data pertaining to resource extraction, identification of impacting actions, mapping of mining hotspots, etc., were collected from primary and secondary sources through systematic field work and sample collection, questionnaire surveys within the local community and other stakeholders such as mine operators, labourers, officials of Government departments, etc. A total of 21 laterite quarries are located in the basin with a total production of 5.7 million laterite bricks/year (0.115 × 10
6 ty−1 ). The impact assessment study revealed that the activity not only disturbs the natural environment especially, hydrology, air quality and noise levels, ecology, land use and soil stability but has profound influence on the socio-economic factors of human health and immunity, displacement, etc., of the quarrying-hit areas. The activity also recorded both long-term and short-term positive impacts as a source of employment and income generation. Additionally, the activity favours groundwater replenishment and agriculture productivity of the area where appropriate mine closure measures were taken up. However, the positive impacts of the activity are far outweighed by the fact that most impacts of laterite quarrying are of class − C (moderate negative impact) and − D (significant negative impact) owing to the long-term socio-environmental and bio-ecological implications of the activity. Thus, it is imperative that there is significant improvement in policy and regulatory framework and its implementation for mining and quarrying of building materials which is vital for meeting future development requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
27. A framework for parameter estimation, sensitivity analysis, and uncertainty analysis for holistic hydrologic modeling using SWAT+.
- Author
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Abbas, Salam A., Bailey, Ryan T., White, Jeremy T., Arnold, Jeffrey G., White, Michael J., Čerkasova, Natalja, and Gao, Jungang
- Subjects
PARAMETER estimation ,HYDROLOGIC models ,AQUIFERS ,SENSITIVITY analysis ,HYDRAULIC conductivity ,GROUNDWATER flow ,EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ,GROUNDWATER recharge - Abstract
Parameter sensitivity analysis plays a critical role in efficiently determining main parameters, enhancing the effectiveness of the estimation of parameters and uncertainty quantification in hydrologic modeling. In this paper, we demonstrate an uncertainty and sensitivity analysis technique for the holistic Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT +) model coupled with new gwflow module, spatially distributed, physically based groundwater flow modeling. The main calculated groundwater inflows and outflows include boundary exchange, pumping, saturation excess flow, groundwater–surface water exchange, recharge, groundwater–lake exchange and tile drainage outflow. We present the method for four watersheds located in different areas of the United States for 16 years (2000–2015), emphasizing regions of extensive tile drainage (Winnebago River, Minnesota, Iowa), intensive surface–groundwater interactions (Nanticoke River, Delaware, Maryland), groundwater pumping for irrigation (Cache River, Missouri, Arkansas) and mountain snowmelt (Arkansas Headwaters, Colorado). The main parameters of the coupled SWAT + gwflow model are estimated utilizing the parameter estimation software PEST. The monthly streamflow of holistic SWAT + gwflow is evaluated based on the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency index (NSE), percentage bias (PBIAS), determination coefficient (R2) and Kling–Gupta efficiency coefficient (KGE), whereas groundwater head is evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE). The Morris method is employed to identify the key parameters influencing hydrological fluxes. Furthermore, the iterative ensemble smoother (iES) is utilized as a technique for uncertainty quantification (UQ) and parameter estimation (PE) and to decrease the computational cost owing to the large number of parameters. Depending on the watershed, key identified selected parameters include aquifer specific yield, aquifer hydraulic conductivity, recharge delay, streambed thickness, streambed hydraulic conductivity, area of groundwater inflow to tile, depth of tiles below ground surface, hydraulic conductivity of the drain perimeter, river depth (for groundwater flow processes), runoff curve number (for surface runoff processes), plant uptake compensation factor, soil evaporation compensation factor (for potential and actual evapotranspiration processes), soil available water capacity and percolation coefficient (for soil water processes). The presence of gwflow parameters permits the recognition of all key parameters in the surface and/or subsurface flow processes, with results substantially differing if the base SWAT + models are utilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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28. Rainwater Harvesting as Sustainable Solution to Cope with Drinking Water Scarcity and Urban Flooding: A Case Study of Public Institutions in Lahore, Pakistan.
- Author
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Waseem, Muhammad, Mutahir Ullah Ghazi, Syed, Ahmed, Nameer, Ayaan, Muhammad, and Kebede Leta, Megersa
- Subjects
PUBLIC institutions ,CLIMATE change ,WATER harvesting ,WATER shortages ,WATER quality - Abstract
Pakistan is currently facing physical and economic water scarcity issues, which have been further complicated by the rapid increase in its population and climate change. In affected areas, many methods are being used to tackle this problem, among which rainwater harvesting (RWH) provides the best alternative source of domestic water supply. In rainwater harvesting, a mechanism is designed to effectively collect surface runoff during rainfall events from residential rooftops. It has also been found that rainwater has great potential as a source of water supply in residential areas of major cities, such as Lahore, which is the focus of our study. This research paper examines rainwater harvesting as a sustainable solution to address the challenges of drinking water scarcity and urban flooding. The study discusses the benefits of rainwater harvesting, including reducing reliance on municipal water sources, improving water quality, and mitigating the impact of urban flooding. Additionally, the paper explores the use of filtered water points in conjunction with rainwater harvesting systems to provide clean drinking water to communities. The research draws on case studies from various regions to illustrate the effectiveness of rainwater harvesting as a sustainable solution to water scarcity and urban flooding. Ultimately, the study concludes that rainwater harvesting, when coupled with filtered water points, can offer an effective and sustainable solution to address drinking water scarcity and urban flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Correction to: 3D modelling of surface spreading and underground dam groundwater recharge: Egri Creek Subbasin, Turkey.
- Author
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Sahin, Yavuz and Tayfur, Gokmen
- Subjects
GROUNDWATER recharge ,ARTIFICIAL groundwater recharge ,DAMS ,WATER table - Abstract
2 Sahin Y, Tayfur G. 3D modelling of surface spreading and underground dam groundwater recharge: Egri Creek Subbasin, Turkey. The study of Peksezer ([1]) was the first one, which had investigated the use of the artificial recharge of groundwater by the surface recharge basins, and the underground dam for the Egri Creek Subbasin. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
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30. Integrated assessment of the impact of land use changes on groundwater recharge and groundwater level in the Drava floodplain, Hungary.
- Author
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Salem, Ali, Abduljaleel, Yasir, Dezső, József, and Lóczy, Dénes
- Subjects
WATER table ,GROUNDWATER recharge ,FLOODPLAINS ,WATER management ,LAND use ,WATER supply ,TUNDRAS ,WATERSHEDS - Abstract
Land-use/land-cover (LULC) change is considered a key human factor influencing groundwater recharge in floodplains. Without accurate estimations, the impact of LULC change on water balance components may be either significantly understated or exaggerated. This paper assesses the impacts of LULC changes from 1990 to 2018 on water balance components and groundwater levels of the Drava floodplain, Hungary, where human interference has led to a critical environmental situation. In this study, a spatially-distributed water balance model (WetSpass-M), and a groundwater flow model (MODFLOW-NWT) were integrated to assess the impacts of LULC changes. The moderate expansion of built-up areas increased surface runoff, while the afforestation of arable land and meadows and the overgrowth of bare mudflats with willow shrubs increased evapotranspiration. As a consequence, total annual groundwater recharge decreased by 5.3 × 10
7 m3 in the floodplain with an average of 335 mm year−1 and 317 mm year−1 in 2012 and 2018, respectively. Moreover, an average groundwater level decline by 0.1 m is observed in the same period. Declined groundwater recharge, increased runoff, and evapotranspiration exerted a negative effect on water resources in the Drava basin. The approach tested in this paper allows temporal and spatial estimation of hydrological components under the changes of LULC, providing quantitative information for decision-makers and stakeholders to implement efficient and sustainable management of water resources in the Drava floodplain. The provided integrated model is also applicable to regionally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
31. Alpine Hydrogeology: The Critical Role of Groundwater in Sourcing the Headwaters of the World
- Author
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Masaki Hayashi
- Subjects
Hydrology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Baseflow ,Bedrock ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Alpine climate ,Aquifer ,02 engineering and technology ,Groundwater recharge ,020801 environmental engineering ,Rivers ,Snowmelt ,Water Movements ,Groundwater discharge ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,Issue Paper ,Groundwater ,Geology ,Ecosystem ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Groundwater discharge in alpine headwaters sustains baseflow in rivers originating in mountain ranges of the world, which is critically important for aquatic habitats, run‐of‐river hydropower generation, and downstream water supply. Groundwater storage in alpine watersheds was long considered negligible, but recent field‐based studies have shown that aquifers are ubiquitous in the alpine zone with no soil and vegetation. Talus, moraine, and rock glacier aquifers are common in many alpine regions of the world, although bedrock aquifers occur in some geological settings. Alpine aquifers consisting of coarse sediments have a fast recession of discharge after the recharge season (e.g., snowmelt) or rainfall events, followed by a slow recession that sustains discharge over a long period. The two‐phase recession is likely controlled by the internal structure of the aquifers. Spatial extent and distribution of individual aquifers determine the groundwater storage‐discharge characteristics in first‐ and second‐order watersheds in the alpine zone, which in turn govern baseflow characteristics in major rivers. Similar alpine landforms appear to have similar hydrogeological characteristics in many mountain ranges across the world, suggesting that a common conceptual framework can be used to understand alpine aquifers based on geological and geomorphological settings. Such a framework will be useful for parameterizing storage‐discharge characteristics in large river hydrological models., Article Impact Statement: This article presents a synthesis of current knowledge on alpine groundwater providing critical baseflow to major rivers of the world.
- Published
- 2019
32. Review of Isotope Hydrology Investigations on Aquifers of Cameroon (Central Africa): What Information for the Sustainable Management of Groundwater Resources?
- Author
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Nlend, Bertil, Huneau, Frederic, Ngo Boum-Nkot, Suzanne, Song, Fricelle, Komba, David, Gwodog, Bernard, Meyoupe, Parfait, Djieugoue, Boris, and Fongoh, Enoh
- Subjects
GROUNDWATER recharge ,GROUNDWATER management ,HYDROLOGY ,INTERTROPICAL convergence zone ,ISOTOPES ,INFORMATION resources management - Abstract
In Central Africa, groundwater remains the least understood component of the water cycle. Isotopic techniques that are well known to be efficient in tracking the movement of water along its path have been applied for only three decades and can be summarized in a handful of case studies. This review aims to put together all the stable and radioactive isotopic data (>500 samples from rainfall, surface and groundwater) published in Cameroon to: (i) identify the drivers responsible for precipitation isotopes' spatial variation and climatological implications, (ii) elucidate the groundwater recharge mechanisms over the countries and relationships with rivers, and (iii) highlight the existence of paleo-groundwater in the country. It is found that rainfall stable isotope variation is linked to the migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ): the groundwater recharge can be diffuse and focused. This latter mechanism is mainly observed in the semi-arid region. It is in this relatively dry region that most of the paleo-groundwater resources are identified thanks to
14 C dating. This information will be useful to develop water management strategies regarding all the challenges (e.g., climatic and demographic) faced by the country. Finally, this paper discusses the gaps groundwater isotope hydrology can still fill for contributing to a sustainable development of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Calibrating Complexity: A Comprehensive Approach to Developing Stage–Storage–Discharge Relationships for Geographically Isolated Wetlands (GIWs) in W-C Florida.
- Author
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Alshehri, Fahad and Ross, Mark
- Subjects
GROUNDWATER recharge ,WETLANDS ,ECOSYSTEM management ,WATER management ,WATER quality ,HYDROLOGY - Abstract
Geographically isolated wetlands (GIWs) play a critical role in regional hydrology, streamflow, groundwater recharge, evapotranspiration, and water quality. Despite their importance, research on quantifying discharges from these wetlands remains scarce. This study focuses on the hydrological characterization of GIWs in W-C Florida, a region where they cover a significant proportion of the land surface. The paper introduces a new procedure for developing Stage–Storage–Discharge (rating) characteristics essential for deterministic hydrological modeling in larger geographic areas. The approach synthesizes and extends previous research methodologies and offers simplified key modeling coefficients (m and n), which act as intelligent calibration knobs. These coefficients, when coupled with easily derivable physical attributes such as areas, slopes, and elevations, allow for the accurate simulation of downstream discharge timings and magnitudes, including flood behavior. The proposed method was tested using observational data from well-calibrated models. The results indicated a relative error of −7.2% for stage–storage and 15% for stage–discharge. GIS-based techniques were evaluated against surveyed data, and the results showed an accuracy of 0.16 m (0.52 ft) in estimating both the invert elevation and the maximum depth of GIWs. This effort will ultimately contribute to a better understanding and management of these critical ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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34. Performance Evaluation Methods for Check-Dams in Balochistan: A Review.
- Author
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Panhwar, Vengus, Zaidi, Arjumand, and Ullah, Asmat
- Subjects
EVALUATION methodology ,WATER shortages ,GROUNDS maintenance ,AQUIFERS ,DAM failures ,DAMS ,WATER salinization - Abstract
This study aims to illustrate and present various techniques for evaluating the performance of check-dams and proposes some suitable approaches for impact assessment of dams built in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. These dams were built during the last decade to overcome the challenges of water scarcity and depleting aquifers due to excessive Groundwater (GW) extraction. It was expected that these dams would recharge the GW resources and save the aquifer system from collapsing. Check-dams have traditionally been the permanent source of water within the province. A check-dam is used to delay the floodwater runoff to make it available for domestic and agriculture purposes or to recharge GW. The water along these dams permeates into the ground to keep the aquifer genuinely stable throughout the year. The data were collected based on studies of published research papers and reports of international organizations containing key characteristics of performance evaluation techniques. This review will help to evaluate procedures, policy, and governance interventions in Balochistan by comparing them with the adopted practices in other regions of the world and its impact on the well-being of the society. In this paper, the performance evaluation of check-dams for specific cases is presented. The knowledge acquired will be utilized to highlight state-of-the-art practices and to identify the need for further research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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35. Heavy tail distribution and Deuterium excess for drought assessment case of Djelfa- watershed (Algeria).
- Author
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Ali Rahmani, Salah Eddine, Chibane, Brahim, Boucefiane, Abdelkader, Hallouz, Faiza, and Bentchakal, Malika
- Subjects
- *
DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) , *HYDROLOGIC cycle , *DECISION support systems , *GROUNDWATER recharge , *PRECIPITATION probabilities - Abstract
Global warming has had significant effects on the hydrological cycle. In North Africa, these effects have resulted in a continued decrease in the amount of annual precipitation, greatly influencing the availability of surface and groundwater resources. This paper aims to evaluate drought episodes in a long dataset from Djelfa (Algeria) using a statistical approach based on a decision support system enabled by the Hyfran-plus software, to fit the best statistical distribution model and predict non-exceedance probability of precipitation. The standardized precipitation index is used to highlight sequences of meteorological drought and changes in weather patterns. Shift in precipitation has been identified by Wilcoxon Test for homogeneity; Wold-Wolfowitz test of independence, Kendall's test of trend and new cumulative mean difference curve (CMD) developed to visualize the trend of the precipitation and runoff dataset, Autocorrelation function (ACF) and Fourier spectrum and Deuterium excess isotopes has been used to visualize trends. Log–log plot; the mean excess function (MEF), AIC and BIC criteria are used to select the best distribution fitting model. The statistical results obtained indicate that the dataset follows a heavy-tailed distribution (Pearson type III), Values of excess Deuterium indicate that groundwater recharge has occurred in cold weather different from the actual period. SPI analysis shows that dry years cover more than 51% compared to 49% of wet years. The CMD curve shows a change and trend in the precipitation and runoff time series since 1974. Forecasts show drought recurrences to be between 3 and 200 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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36. Application of QMRA to MAR operations for safe agricultural water reuses in coastal areas
- Author
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Domenico Santoro, Charles N. Haas, Nicola Lorusso, Costantino Masciopinto, and Michele Vurro
- Subjects
Groundwater flow ,E. coli O157:H7 and O26:H11 ,lcsh:TD1-1066 ,symbols.namesake ,Managed aquifer recharge ,Microbial risk ,Farm water ,medicine ,lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Water sampling ,Water Science and Technology ,Full Paper ,QMRA ,Ecological Modeling ,Sampling (statistics) ,Waterborne diseases ,Markov chain Monte Carlo ,Groundwater recharge ,medicine.disease ,Pollution ,symbols ,Environmental science ,Reclaimed water quality ,Dose-infection model ,Water resource management - Abstract
A pathogenic Escherichia coli (E.coli) O157:H7 and O26:H11 dose-response model was set up for a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) of the waterborne diseases associated with managed aquifer recharge (MAR) practices in semiarid regions. The MAR facility at Forcatella (Southern Italy) was selected for the QMRA application. The target counts of pathogens incidentally exposed to hosts by eating contaminated raw crops or while bathing at beaches of the coastal area were determined by applying the Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) Bayesian method to the water sampling results. The MCMC provided the most probable pathogen count reaching the target and allowed for the minimization of the number of water samplings, and hence, reducing the associated costs. The sampling stations along the coast were positioned based on the results of a groundwater flow and pathogen transport model, which highlighted the preferential flow pathways of the transported E. coli in the fractured coastal aquifer. QMRA indicated tolerable (, Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • MAR in coastal areas causes tolerable risks in irrigation practices when E. coli count is up to five times the legal limit • MC-based model minimizes the number of field water samplings in QMRA from E. coli O157:H7/O26:H11 infections at MAR sites • Droughts are bottlenecks of MAR practices in coastal areas of semiarid regions
- Published
- 2020
37. Special Issue "Salinization of Water Resources: Ongoing and Future Trends".
- Author
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Colombani, Nicolò
- Subjects
WATER salinization ,WATER supply ,SOIL salinity ,SALTWATER encroachment ,ARTIFICIAL groundwater recharge ,GROUNDWATER recharge - Abstract
In such areas, the significant increases in sea level and atmospheric temperatures due to climate change could exacerbate water resources salinization. All over the Earth, more and more studies have shown the effects of climate changes generated by anthropic release of greenhouse gasses on the hydrological cycle [[1]]. The already increased demand of freshwater triggered by climate change and the consequent land use changes, has intensified the research on water resources salinization and the feasible techniques aimed at mitigating such effects, such as for example the wastewater reuse via managed aquifer recharge systems [[10]]. The third paper published in this Special Issue provided a background to the salinity issue in the Murray-Darling Basin (Australia), then reviewed the salinity management strategies, the various actions that have been implemented through these strategies to control salinity, and the role of the recent Basin Plan in salinity management [[15]]. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
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38. Coupling Simulation and Prediction of Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources in an Arid Inland River Basin under Climate Change.
- Author
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Qi, Xiaofan, Li, Wenpeng, Zheng, Yuejun, Cui, Huqun, Kang, Weidong, Liu, Zhenying, and Shao, Xinmin
- Subjects
WATER use ,WATER supply ,WATER resources development ,WATERSHEDS ,GROUNDWATER recharge ,WATER diversion ,WATER table ,WATER shortages - Abstract
The arid endorheic basin of northwest China is characterized by rich land resources, water shortage, and a fragile ecological environment. The establishment of a credible coupling model of groundwater and surface water based on multi-source observation data is an effective means to study the change in basin water cycles and the sustainable utilization of water resources in the past and future. Based on the latest understanding of hydrogeological conditions, hydrology and water resource utilization data in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin (HRB), this paper constructs an up-to-date coupling model of surface water and groundwater to study the water balance change of the basin. The water resources data series under historical replay and CMIP5 climate model prediction are constructed to predict future changes in water resources. The study shows that, under the joint influence of natural conditions and human activities, the average annual recharge of groundwater in the study area from 1990 to 2020 is 17.98 × 10
8 m3 /a, the average annual discharge is 18.62 × 108 m3 /a, and the difference between recharge and discharge is −0.64 × 108 m3 /a. The total groundwater storage is −19.99 × 108 m3 , of which the groundwater storage from 1990 to 2001 was −17.52 × 108 m3 and from 2002 to 2020 was −2.47 × 108 m3 . Abundant water from 2002 to 2020 in the basin significantly improved the loss of groundwater storage. Under the prediction of historical reappearance and the CMIP5 CNRM-CM5 model RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 pathways, the groundwater level of the Heihe River–Liyuanhe River inclined plain falls first because the HRB has just experienced a wet season and then rises according to future climate change. The groundwater level of the inclined plain east of the Heihe River and Yanchi basin decreases continuously because of the change in water cycle caused by human activities. The erosion accumulation plain is located in the groundwater discharge zone, and the water level is basically stable. Under the conditions of water resource development and utilization, the runoff of Zhengyixia hydrological station cannot meet the requirements of the "97 Water Dividing Plan" of the State Council in most years in the future, and the ecological and production water in the lower reaches of HRB cannot be effectively guaranteed. With the implementation of water-saving irrigation under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, the runoff of Zhengyixia can meet the "97 Water Diversion Plan". It is suggested to further improve the level of agricultural water savings in the middle reaches of the HRB and control the reasonable scale of cultivated land in order to reduce water consumption in the middle reaches of the HRB and implement sustainable utilization of water resources in the HRB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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39. Groundwater Recharge Assessment for Small Karstic Catchment Basins with Different Extents of Anthropogenic Development.
- Author
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Anker, Yaakov, Gimburg, Alexander, Zilberbrand, Michael, Livshitz, Yakov, and Mirlas, Vladimir
- Subjects
GROUNDWATER recharge ,HYDROGEOLOGY ,WATERSHEDS ,CLIMATE change ,MEASUREMENT of runoff ,EFFECT of human beings on climate change ,HYDROGEOLOGICAL modeling ,GROUNDWATER management - Abstract
Climate change and anthropogenic development considerably influence groundwater resource distribution and conditions. Catchment basin groundwater recharge—discharge computation reliability is needed for effective groundwater management policy formulation and implementation and also for resolving environmental challenges in such a watershed. This paper compares groundwater recharge patterns between urbanized and nearly natural small catchment basins of Israel's Western Mountain Aquifer (WMA). The correlation between precipitation volumes and surface runoff shows that surface runoff volume constitutes 3–4% of the precipitation volume in the Natuf catchment and 1–2% in the Te'enim catchment. These assessments reflect the differences in the land use, outcrop lithology, topography and hydrodynamic properties of the WMA within the model basins. A groundwater recharge assessment based on water balance and water table fluctuation methods was performed for the mountainous karstic Te'enim and Natuf catchment basins for all the available data from 2000 to 2020. The water balance method provided reliable estimates. The groundwater recharge assessment considered land use classification and climate changes during this period. The average multiannual groundwater recharge values for the 2000–2021 period varied from 17.6 × 106–24.8 × 106 m
3 to 24.5–29.2 × 106 m3 for the Te'enim and Natuf catchment basins, respectively. For the relatively dry period of the 2013/2014–2017/2018 hydrological years when detailed measurements of the surface runoff were available, the corresponding groundwater recharge volumes were 17.6 × 106 m3 and 24.5 × 106 m3 . The corresponding local groundwater recharge coefficients constitute 0.46–0.57 for the mostly agricultural Te'enim basin and 0.29–0.32 for the urbanized Natuf basin. A significant difference in the groundwater recharge coefficients between the studied catchments is caused mostly by the differences in land use. It is suggested that applying such a groundwater recharge estimation for small hydrological sub-basins can improve one's understanding of the groundwater recharge distribution within a major basin, enabling the application of an accurate regional hydrogeological model that may be extrapolated to other similar regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
40. 保定平原地下水均衡要素变化解析.
- Author
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井江楠, 王文科, 段 磊, 马嘉骏, 马稚桐, and 石涵月
- Subjects
WATER table ,WATER diversion ,GROUNDWATER recharge ,SUSTAINABLE development ,RAINFALL ,FACTOR analysis - Abstract
Copyright of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology / Shuiwendizhi Gongchengdizhi is the property of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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41. Direct in vivo evidence of immense stem water exploitation in irrigated date palms
- Author
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Amnon Schwartz, Or Sperling, Or Shapira, and Naftali Lazarovitch
- Subjects
Irrigation ,Water mass ,Agricultural Irrigation ,Physiology ,Growing season ,Plant Science ,irrigation ,transpiration ,Trees ,Botany ,stem ,Israel ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Transpiration ,High rate ,Plant Stems ,Flow ,Phoeniceae ,food and beverages ,Water ,Biological Transport ,Plant Transpiration ,Groundwater recharge ,in vivo ,Agronomy ,water ,Soil water ,Environmental science ,sense organs ,Palm ,Research Paper - Abstract
Highlight Spatial variations in flow rates and temporal changes in water content show that date palms utilize stem water for daily transpiration and nightly xylem reservoir recharge., During the summer, evaporative demand at midday often exceeds the transport capacity of most desert plants. However, date palms maintain their ecological dominance with sustained and uniquely high rates of transpiration. This high rate of flow cannot be attributed to soil water supply alone. In order to quantify intra-plant water allocation in irrigated date palms, three water-sensing techniques have been incorporated: heat dissipation, gravimetric sampling, and time domain reflectrometry. Each of these methods has known limitations but their integration resulted in a quantitative in vivo accounting of the date palm diurnal and seasonal water mass balance. By incorporating these methods it was possible to determine that date palms substantially rely on the exploitation and recharge of the stem reservoir in their water budget. The stem of mature date palms can hold up to 1 m3 of water and supply 25% of daily transpiration (i.e. 5000 l of water in 100 d of summer). The internal stem water reservoir is consistently recharged by over 50 l per night which allows for successive daytime reuse throughout the entire growing season. More broadly, these findings suggest that internal water allocation and night-time soil-water availability could provide useful information for improving date palm irrigation practices.
- Published
- 2014
42. Experimental study of land subsidence in response to groundwater withdrawal and recharge in Changping District of Beijing.
- Author
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Cao, Yanbo, Wei, Ya-ni, Fan, Wen, Peng, Min, and Bao, Liangliang
- Subjects
LAND subsidence ,GROUNDWATER recharge ,SOIL compaction ,PORE water pressure ,SOIL depth ,SOIL sampling - Abstract
Over exploitation of groundwater in Changping District of Beijing city has caused serious land subsidence in the past decades. In recent years, the operation of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project has reduced the land subsidence rate. In this paper, Experimental tests are performed using the GDS Consolidation Testing System to characterize the compression and rebound of soils at depths of less than 100 m caused by groundwater withdrawal and recharge in Changping District. The results indicate that the compressible layers are the main contributors to land subsidence. The first compressible layer experiences greater deformation and more considerable hysteresis than the other compressible layers with the same decrease in the pore water pressure. Therefore, the exploitation of the adjacent aquifer should be controlled in the future. The deformation in the second and third compressible layers is a gradual and long-term process with little rebound; therefore, the subsidence should be seriously addressed when the groundwater in the two compressible layers is exploited on a large scale. In the same compressible layer, silty clay is more compressible and hysteretic than silt. For the same soil sample, the deformation rate decreases gradually as the pore water pressure decreases, whereas the creep deformation shows an overall increasing trend. A parameter named the subsidence index C
w is proposed in this paper to describe the soil compressibility during groundwater withdrawal. All the soil samples are characterized by elastic-plastic deformation, and the shallow soil samples with less pore water pressure decrease are more likely to rebound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
43. Groundwater Management in Coastal Areas through Landscape Scale Planning: A Systematic Literature Review.
- Author
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Braga, Armando César Rodrigues, Serrao-Neumann, Silvia, and de Oliveira Galvão, Carlos
- Subjects
COASTAL zone management ,LAND use planning ,LAND management ,HYDROLOGIC cycle - Abstract
Groundwater is one of the main resources for social-ecological systems. As part of the total water cycle and deeply connected with land use, groundwater management faces many challenges, especially in coastal areas. Landscape Scale Planning is an emerging approach for land use planning providing a framework for management based on evidence, given that landscapes have physical and information flows. Landscape Scale Planning embraces the following three dimensions: (i) the spatial dimension centres on the recognition of distinct landscape units; (ii) the temporal dimension entails past, current and future uses of a landscape; and (iii) the modification dimension involves the anthropogenic alterations that affected and will affect the landscape and its features along the spatial and temporal dimensions. Through a systematic literature review of 28 selected publications, this paper explores how groundwater management can be improved through a Landscape Scale Planning approach. The results show that Landscape Scale Planning can be applied as an integrative framework for groundwater management. Landscape units based on, but not limited to, geology, topography, cultural and socio-economic aspects can aid groundwater management to consider the differing spatial and temporal characteristics of the aquifer. Landscape Scale Planning can also favour the inclusion of land use change dynamics in groundwater management processes. To this end, the paper proposes guidelines for applying Landscape Scale Planning to inform groundwater management and consider land use changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Assessment of the spatial–temporal distribution of groundwater recharge in data-scarce large-scale African river basin.
- Author
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Gelebo, Ayano Hirbo, Kasiviswanathan, K. S., and Khare, Deepak
- Subjects
GROUNDWATER recharge ,WATER distribution ,WATERSHEDS ,SUMMER ,WATER supply ,HYDROGEOLOGY ,WATER management - Abstract
The systematic assessment of spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater recharge (GWR) is crucial for the sustainable management of the water resources systems, especially in large-scale river basins. This helps in identifying critical zones in which GWR largely varies and thus leads to negative consequences. However, such analyses might not be possible when the models require detailed hydro-climate and hydrogeological data in data-scarce regions. Hence, this calls for alternate suitable modeling approaches that are applicable with the limited data and, however, includes the detailed assessment of the spatial–temporal distribution of different water balance components especially the GWR component. This paper aimed at investigating the spatial and temporal distribution of the GWR at monthly, seasonal and annual scales using the WetSpass-M physically distributed hydrological model, which is not requiring the detailed catchment information. In addition, the study conducted the sensitivity analysis of model parameters to assess the significant variation of GWR. The large-scale river basins such as the Omo river basin, Ethiopia, were chosen to demonstrate the potential of the WetSpass-M model under limited data conditions. From the modeling results, it was found that the maximum average monthly GWR of 13.4 mm occurs in July. The estimated average seasonal GWR is 32.5 mm/yr and 47.6 mm/yr in the summer and winter seasons, respectively. Further, it was found that GWR is highly sensitive to the parameter such as average rainfall intensity factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
45. Hydrological response to land use/land cover changes in Ethiopian basins: a review.
- Author
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Aragaw, Henok Mekonnen and Kura, Abiyot Legesse
- Subjects
- *
LAND cover , *WATER management , *LAND use , *GROUNDWATER recharge , *EVIDENCE gaps , *LAND resource - Abstract
Ethiopia, marked by diverse geography and rapid land use/land cover (LULC) changes, grapples with formidable water resource management challenges. Understanding the hydrological response to these changes is paramount for sustainability. This review paper provides an overview of studies that investigated the hydrological impacts of LULC changes in Ethiopian basins. The review discusses methodologies, key findings, implications for sustainable land and water resource management, research gaps, and future directions. Emphasizing results from diverse studies that utilized hydrological and geospatial modelling, LULC significantly affects surface runoff, streamflow patterns, and groundwater recharge. The observed consequences are increased surface runoff, modified streamflow timing, and reduced groundwater recharge. The review underscores the urgency for integrated land and water management strategies to alleviate adverse effects. Future research priorities include basin-specific studies, long-term monitoring, integrated modelling, consideration of socio-economic factors, and incorporating climate change scenarios to enhance understanding and guide sustainable water resource management in Ethiopian basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Assessment of future groundwater levels using Visual MODFLOW in the Gomti River basin in India.
- Author
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Das, Biswajit, Singh, Surjeet, Thakur, Praveen, and Jain, Sanjay K.
- Subjects
- *
GROUNDWATER recharge , *WATERSHEDS , *CLIMATE change models , *WATER table , *GROUNDWATER flow , *DRINKING water , *CELL size - Abstract
Groundwater is an important resource for a multitude of purposes, and change in groundwater levels is an important factor in determining the increase and decrease of groundwater quantity in aquifers. This study has been carried out for Gomti River basin, where groundwater is the major drinking water source for the entire region. This paper evaluates the behavior of the groundwater levels using Visual MODFLOW under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. For modeling of groundwater flow, the entire study area was discretized into 108480 (X-direction) and 207090 (Y-direction) gridal network with each cell size of 1000 m × 1000 m. The model was calibrated for the period 2002 to 2008 and validated for the period 2009 to 2013 using data of 24 observation wells. During the calibration period of Visual MODFLOW, residual mean ranged between 0.658 and 0.268 m, and absolute residual mean ranged between 2.035 and 2.174 m. The calibrated Visual MODFLOW model was employed to evaluate the influence of climate change on future groundwater levels. Future groundwater recharge (2020–2030), obtained after the application of four (MIROC-ESM, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, MIROC MIROC5, and MOHC-HADGEM2-ES) global climate model (GCM) data into prior SWAT model, was applied to Visual MODFLOW. After applying, the projected future (2020–2030) trend in the groundwater levels was found continuously decreasing due to low groundwater recharge and excessive groundwater withdrawal in the basin in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Effect of Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) and Other Irrigation Management Strategies on Water Resources in Rice-Producing Areas of Northern Italy.
- Author
-
Gilardi, Giulio Luca Cristian, Mayer, Alice, Rienzner, Michele, Romani, Marco, and Facchi, Arianna
- Subjects
WATER management ,IRRIGATION management ,WATER table ,GROUNDWATER recharge ,IRRIGATION efficiency ,WATER shortages ,WATER supply - Abstract
In rice areas with shallow aquifers, an evaluation of alternative irrigation strategies should include the interactions between irrigation and groundwater recharge and reuse, which influence the overall irrigation efficiency. A modelling system composed of three sub-models within a MATLAB framework (a physically based, semi-distributed agro-hydrological model and two empirical models, the former for the channel network percolation and the latter for the groundwater level) was applied to a 1000 ha rice district in the Padana Plain, Italy. The calibrated framework estimates the daily time series of the water supply needed and of the groundwater level for a given irrigation management, based on the inputs provided (agro-meteorology, crop data, soil data, irrigation practices, groundwater table depth upstream of the study area). Five irrigation management strategies, relevant to the area, were compared: (i) wet seeding and continuous flooding (WFL), (ii) wet seeding and alternate wetting and drying (AWD), (iii) dry seeding and delayed flooding (DFL), (iv) dry seeding and fixed-turn irrigation FTI), (v) early dry seeding and delayed flooding (DFLearly). Due to economic advantages, dry-seeded techniques (DFL, FTI) are replacing the traditional WFL in northern Italy. Simulations show that dry seeding leads to a drastic decrease of the water table in April/May, reducing the overall irrigation efficiency of the area, and that DFL (widely adopted in the area) also causes a spike in rice irrigation needs in June when other crops increase their water demand, exposing the area to water scarcity. All the cited management strategies are assessed in the paper and AWD turned out to couple smaller irrigation needs (from June onwards) compared to continuous flooding techniques with a maintenance of the groundwater recharge, especially in the first part of the irrigation season, thus being a recommendable rice management alternative for the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Application of the RAPS Method for Determining the Dependence of Nitrate Concentration in Groundwater on the Amount of Precipitation.
- Author
-
Šrajbek, Marko, Đurin, Bojan, Sušilović, Petra, and Singh, Suraj Kumar
- Subjects
GROUNDWATER ,GROUNDWATER quality ,POLLUTION ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,NITRATES ,AQUIFERS ,GROUNDWATER recharge - Abstract
Protecting groundwater from contamination is today's most current environmental protection topic. What can man do in his environment to reduce the harmful impact of contamination on the environment, and thus the immediate effect on groundwater? Agricultural production is an ongoing source of groundwater contamination due to the increasingly frequent use of nitrates in fertilizers, which are washed out from the soil into groundwater due to precipitation. This paper investigates three wellfields in the north of the Republic of Croatia near the town of Varaždin. With the application of the RAPS method, the dependence of nitrate concentration in groundwater on the amount of precipitation was established. The analysis results show the connection of the observed parameters, especially in the upper aquifer layer. In this layer, the coefficients of correlation are greater than 0.80 at all locations, which shows a strong positive connection between the parameters. In the lower aquifer, the values of the coefficients of correlation are lower, and the results mostly indicate a weak correlation. The obtained results will serve as a starting point for future studies, which will aim to precisely determine the factors that influence groundwater quality in the observed area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. The enhanced future Flows and Groundwater dataset: development and evaluation of nationally consistent hydrological projections based on UKCP18.
- Author
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Hannaford, Jamie, Mackay, Jonathan D., Ascott, Matthew, Bell, Victoria A., Chitson, Thomas, Cole, Steven, Counsell, Christian, Durant, Mason, Jackson, Christopher R., Kay, Alison L., Lane, Rosanna A., Mansour, Majdi, Moore, Robert, Parry, Simon, Rudd, Alison C., Simpson, Michael, Facer-Childs, Katie, Turner, Stephen, Wallbank, John R., and Wells, Steven
- Subjects
GROUNDWATER recharge ,WATER management ,WATER table ,STREAMFLOW ,HYDROLOGIC models ,WATERSHEDS ,ATMOSPHERIC models - Abstract
This paper details the development and evaluation of the enhanced future FLows and Groundwater (eFLaG) dataset of nationally consistent hydrological projections for the UK, based on the latest UK Climate Projections (UKCP18). The projections are derived from a range of hydrological models. For river flows, multiple models (Grid-to-Grid, PDM (Probability Distributed Model) and GR (Génie Rural; both four- and six-parameter versions, GR4J and GR6J)) are used to provide an indication of hydrological model uncertainty. For groundwater, two models are used, a groundwater level model (AquiMod) and a groundwater recharge model (ZOODRM: zooming object-oriented distributed-recharge model). A 12-member ensemble of transient projections of present and future (up to 2080) daily river flows, groundwater levels and groundwater recharge was produced using bias-corrected data from the UKCP18 regional (12 km) climate ensemble. Projections are provided for 200 river catchments, 54 groundwater level boreholes and 558 groundwater bodies, all sampling across the diverse hydrological and geological conditions of the UK. An evaluation was carried out to appraise the quality of hydrological model simulations against observations and also to appraise the reliability of hydrological models driven by the regional climate model (RCM) ensemble in terms of their capacity to reproduce hydrological regimes in the current period. The dataset was originally conceived as a prototype climate service for drought planning for the UK water sector and so has been developed with drought, low river flow and low groundwater level applications as the primary objectives. The evaluation metrics show that river flows and groundwater levels are, for the majority of catchments and boreholes, well simulated across the flow and level regime, meaning that the eFLaG dataset could be applied to a wider range of water resources research and management contexts, pending a full evaluation for the designated purpose. Only a single climate model and one emissions scenario are used, so any applications should ideally contextualise the outcomes with other climate model–scenario combinations. The dataset can be accessed in Hannaford et al. (2022): 10.5285/1bb90673-ad37-4679-90b9-0126109639a9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Modeling the river-aquifer via a new exact model under a more general function of river water level variation.
- Author
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Saeedpanah, Iraj and Golmohamadi Azar, Ramin
- Subjects
HYDRAULIC conductivity ,GROUNDWATER flow ,LAPLACE transformation ,GROUNDWATER recharge ,HYDRAULICS ,WATER levels ,ANALYTICAL solutions - Abstract
The interaction between surface water and groundwater is a significant topic in groundwater-related problems. This study suggests an exact model based on Laplace transformation to calculate the groundwater flow in river-aquifer systems. Exact models play an important role in simulating the future behavior of river-aquifer systems. Therefore, investigation of the exact models for river-aquifer systems is a hot topic in the hydraulics of groundwater flow modeling. The objective of this research is to present new exact models for simulating the hydraulics of groundwater flow in river-aquifer systems with a more general function of river level variation under recharge by means of Laplace transform method. A general function is adopted to describe the river level variation, in which some situations such as linear, exponential and power of time variations in the river level can be treated as special cases. The effects of variations in aquifer parameters on groundwater hydraulic head are evaluated. It is shown that the groundwater hydraulic head grows slower in aquifers with a greater thickness or hydraulic conductivity. In addition, the effect of changes in specific storage is too little on the groundwater hydraulic head. The variations in hydraulic heads due to changes in recharge rate with different values of thickness, hydraulic conductivity, specific storage, and length are analyzed. It is observed that the groundwater hydraulic head in an aquifer with a lesser length, higher hydraulic conductivity or higher thickness is less sensitive to a change in the recharge rate than in an aquifer with a higher length, lesser hydraulic conductivity or lesser thickness. Furthermore, it is shown that the differences in hydraulic heads due to the increase in recharge rate are not significant for different values of specific storage. The results of the present new exact models are successfully verified by the results obtained from the analytical solution of Bansal and Das. Also, for more reliability, the results are compared with those results of MODFLOW. The results show that the presented new exact models are accurate, robust and efficient. One of the advantages of the solutions is to investigate the sensitivity analysis of aquifer parameters, which has been carried out in this paper. Furthermore, in the present research a more general function describing river level variation is considered, in which the linear, exponential and power of time variations are special cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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