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2. A remark on a paper of P. B. Djakov and M. S. Ramanujan
- Author
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Murat Yurdakul and Elif Uyanik
- Subjects
Unbounded operator ,Combinatorics ,symbols.namesake ,Monotone polygon ,Basis (linear algebra) ,General Mathematics ,Bounded function ,Operator (physics) ,symbols ,Sequence space ,Continuous linear operator ,Ramanujan's sum ,Mathematics - Abstract
Let l be a Banach sequence space with a monotone norm in which the canonical system (e_{n}) is an unconditional basis. We show that if there exists a continuous linear unbounded operator between l-K\"{o}the spaces, then there exists a continuous unbounded quasi-diagonal operator between them. Using this result, we study in terms of corresponding K\"{o}the matrices when every continuous linear operator between l-K\"{o}the spaces is bounded. As an application, we observe that the existence of an unbounded operator between l-K\"{o}the spaces, under a splitting condition, causes the existence of a common basic subspace.
- Published
- 2019
3. An unpublished paper ‘Über einige durch unendliche Reihen definirte Functionen eines complexen Argumentes’ by Adolf Hurwitz
- Author
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Nicola Oswald
- Subjects
History ,Pure mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,01 natural sciences ,Algebra ,symbols.namesake ,Continuation ,0103 physical sciences ,Functional equation ,symbols ,010307 mathematical physics ,0101 mathematics ,Dirichlet series ,Meromorphic function ,Mathematics - Abstract
In 1903, Epstein published his proof of meromorphic continuation and a functional equation for Dirichlet series associated with quadratic forms, now called Epstein zeta-functions. However, already in 1889 (or even earlier) Hurwitz was aware of these results as his mathematical diaries and some unpublished notes (in an almost final form) found in his estate at the ETH Zurich show. In this article we present and analyze Hurwitz's notes and compare his reasoning with Epstein's paper in detail.
- Published
- 2017
4. Corrigendum to the papers on Exceptional orthogonal polynomials: J. Approx. Theory 182 (2014) 29–58, 184 (2014) 176–208 and 214 (2017) 9–48
- Author
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Antonio J. Durán
- Subjects
Numerical Analysis ,Pure mathematics ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,Hilbert space ,Approx ,symbols.namesake ,TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES ,TheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITY ,ComputingMethodologies_SYMBOLICANDALGEBRAICMANIPULATION ,Orthogonal polynomials ,symbols ,Analysis ,Mathematics - Abstract
We complete a gap in the proof that exceptional polynomials are complete orthogonal systems in the associated Hilbert spaces.
- Published
- 2020
5. Erratum to the paper 'L∞(L∞)-boundedness and convergence of DG(p)-solutions for nonlinear conservation laws with boundary conditions'
- Author
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Christian Henke and Lutz Angermann
- Subjects
Conservation law ,Pure mathematics ,Lemma (mathematics) ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,Lebesgue integration ,Computational Mathematics ,Nonlinear system ,symbols.namesake ,Convergence (routing) ,symbols ,Boundary value problem ,Affine transformation ,Constant (mathematics) ,Mathematics - Abstract
In the paper (HA14), unfortunately, a computational error occurred in one estimate. Although the wrong estimate does not affect the main results, we want to present the necessary corrections. Essentially, Lemma 5.2 has to be corrected and, since it is used in the proof of Theorem 5.1, the proof of this theorem also requires an adaptation. (i) The corrected formulation of Lemma 5.2 is as follows. Lemma 5.2 For Lagrange finite elements with a shape-regular family of affine meshes { T n h } h>0 there is a constant C > 0 independent of q and h such that for all w ∈ Wh and q = 2m, m ∈N: CΛq−2 p (∇w,∇Ip h (wq−1))T ∫ T ‖∇w‖l2‖w‖ q−2 0,∞,T dx, ∀T ∈ T n h , (5.1) where Λp = ‖ ∑ndof i=1 |φi|‖0,∞,T is the Lebesgue constant.
- Published
- 2015
6. Dynamical Study of an Eco-Epidemiological Delay Model for Plankton System with Toxicity
- Author
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Archana Ojha, Nilesh Kumar Thakur, and Smriti Chandra Srivastava
- Subjects
General Mathematics ,Population ,Chaotic ,General Physics and Astronomy ,01 natural sciences ,Stability (probability) ,Zooplankton ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,symbols.namesake ,0103 physical sciences ,Carrying capacity ,Quantitative Biology::Populations and Evolution ,education ,010301 acoustics ,Mathematics ,Equilibrium point ,Hopf bifurcation ,education.field_of_study ,Toxicity ,fungi ,General Chemistry ,Plankton ,System dynamics ,Local stability ,Hopf-bifurcation ,symbols ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Chaos ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Biological system ,Time delay ,Research Paper - Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the complexity of an eco-epidemiological model for phytoplankton–zooplankton system in presence of toxicity and time delay. Holling type II function response is incorporated to address the predation rate as well as toxic substance distribution in zooplankton. It is also presumed that infected phytoplankton does recover from the viral infection. In the absence of time delay, stability and Hopf-bifurcation conditions are investigated to explore the system dynamics around all the possible equilibrium points. Further, in the presence of time delay, conditions for local stability are derived around the interior equilibria and the properties of the periodic solution are obtained by applying normal form theory and central manifold arguments. Computational simulation is performed to illustrate our theoretical findings. It is explored that system dynamics is very sensitive corresponding to carrying capacity and toxin liberation rate and able to generate chaos. Further, it is observed that time delay in the viral infection process can destabilize the phytoplankton density whereas zooplankton density remains in its old state. Incorporation of time delay also gives the scenario of double Hopf-bifurcation. Some control parameters are discussed to stabilize system dynamics. The effect of time delay on (i) growth rate of susceptible phytoplankton shows the extinction and double Hopf-bifurcation in the zooplankton population, (ii) a sufficiently large value of carrying capacity stabilizes the chaotic dynamics or makes the whole system chaotic with further increment.
- Published
- 2021
7. Biased Adjusted Poisson Ridge Estimators-Method and Application
- Author
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Pär Sjölander, Muhammad Qasim, Muhammad Amin, B. M. Golam Kibria, and Kristofer Månsson
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Mean squared error ,General Mathematics ,Maximum likelihood ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Regression estimator ,Poisson distribution ,Modified almost unbiased ridge estimators ,01 natural sciences ,symbols.namesake ,0103 physical sciences ,Statistics ,Poisson regression ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,010102 general mathematics ,Estimator ,Mean square error ,General Chemistry ,Ridge (differential geometry) ,Poisson ridge regression ,Multicollinearity ,Maximum likelihood estimator ,symbols ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Research Paper - Abstract
Månsson and Shukur (Econ Model 28:1475–1481, 2011) proposed a Poisson ridge regression estimator (PRRE) to reduce the negative effects of multicollinearity. However, a weakness of the PRRE is its relatively large bias. Therefore, as a remedy, Türkan and Özel (J Appl Stat 43:1892–1905, 2016) examined the performance of almost unbiased ridge estimators for the Poisson regression model. These estimators will not only reduce the consequences of multicollinearity but also decrease the bias of PRRE and thus perform more efficiently. The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to derive the mean square error properties of the Modified Almost Unbiased PRRE (MAUPRRE) and Almost Unbiased PRRE (AUPRRE) and then propose new ridge estimators for MAUPRRE and AUPRRE. Secondly, to compare the performance of the MAUPRRE with the AUPRRE, PRRE and maximum likelihood estimator. Using both simulation study and real-world dataset from the Swedish football league, it is evidenced that one of the proposed, MAUPRRE ($$ \hat{k}_{q4} $$ k ^ q 4 ) performed better than the rest in the presence of high to strong (0.80–0.99) multicollinearity situation.
- Published
- 2020
8. On the Characterizations of Wave Front Sets in Terms of the Short-Time Fourier Transform
- Author
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Stevan Pilipović and Bojan Prangoski
- Subjects
Wavefront ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Short paper ,Mathematical analysis ,Short-time Fourier transform ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Sobolev space ,symbols.namesake ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,Fourier transform ,0203 mechanical engineering ,symbols ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics - Abstract
© 2019, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. It is well known that the classical and Sobolev wave fronts were extended to nonequivalent global versions by the use of the short-time Fourier transform. In this very short paper, we give complete characterizations of the former wave front sets in terms of the short-time Fourier transform.
- Published
- 2019
9. Analysis of fractional COVID-19 epidemic model under Caputo operator
- Author
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Rahat Zarin, Amir Khan, Abdullahi Yusuf, Sayed Abdel‐Khalek, Mustafa Inc, and Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Fakültesi
- Subjects
Lyapunov function ,Special Issue Papers ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,General Mathematics ,Crossover ,General Engineering ,Regular polygon ,Fixed-point theorem ,Stability (probability) ,Numerical Simulations ,34d45 ,symbols.namesake ,Operator (computer programming) ,Sensitivity Analysis ,Stability Analysis ,Special Issue Paper ,Epidemic Model ,symbols ,Applied mathematics ,Uniqueness ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,26a33 ,Epidemic model ,Mathematics - Abstract
The article deals with the analysis of the fractional COVID‐19 epidemic model (FCEM) with a convex incidence rate. Keeping in view the fading memory and crossover behavior found in many biological phenomena, we study the coronavirus disease by using the noninteger Caputo derivative (CD). Under the Caputo operator (CO), existence and uniqueness for the solutions of the FCEM have been analyzed using fixed point theorems. We study all the basic properties and results including local and global stability. We show the global stability of disease‐free equilibrium using the method of Castillo‐Chavez, while for disease endemic, we use the method of geometrical approach. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to highlight the most sensitive parameters corresponding to basic reproduction number. Simulations are performed via first‐order convergent numerical technique to determine how changes in parameters affect the dynamical behavior of the system.
- Published
- 2021
10. Derived Non-archimedean analytic Hilbert space
- Author
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Mauro Porta, Jorge António, Institut de Recherche Mathématique Avancée (IRMA), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Fiber (mathematics) ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Short paper ,Formal scheme ,Hilbert space ,Space (mathematics) ,01 natural sciences ,symbols.namesake ,Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry ,Mathematics::Category Theory ,0103 physical sciences ,Localization theorem ,FOS: Mathematics ,symbols ,010307 mathematical physics ,[MATH.MATH-AG]Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG] ,0101 mathematics ,Algebraic Geometry (math.AG) ,Quotient ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this short paper we combine the representability theorem introduced in [17, 18] with the theory of derived formal models introduced in [2] to prove the existence representability of the derived Hilbert space RHilb(X) for a separated k-analytic space X. Such representability results relies on a localization theorem stating that if X is a quasi-compact and quasi-separated formal scheme, then the \infty-category Coh^+(X^rig) of almost perfect complexes over the generic fiber can be realized as a Verdier quotient of the \infty-category Coh^+(X). Along the way, we prove several results concerning the the \infty-categories of formal models for almost perfect modules on derived k-analytic spaces., 28 pages
- Published
- 2019
11. A Computational Study of Exact Subgraph Based SDP Bounds for Max-Cut, Stable Set and Coloring
- Author
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Elisabeth Gaar and Franz Rendl
- Subjects
90C27 ,Scheme (programming language) ,Mathematical optimization ,Relaxation hierarchy ,General Mathematics ,Maximum cut ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0102 computer and information sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Stable set ,90C22 ,01 natural sciences ,symbols.namesake ,FOS: Mathematics ,Coloring ,Semidefinite programming ,Mathematics - Optimization and Control ,computer.programming_language ,Mathematics ,90C22, 90C27 ,021103 operations research ,Full Length Paper ,Numerical analysis ,Dual (category theory) ,010201 computation theory & mathematics ,Optimization and Control (math.OC) ,Independent set ,symbols ,Max-Cut ,Graph optimization ,computer ,Software ,Lagrangian - Abstract
The "exact subgraph" approach was recently introduced as a hierarchical scheme to get increasingly tight semidefinite programming relaxations of several NP-hard graph optimization problems. Solving these relaxations is a computational challenge because of the potentially large number of violated subgraph constraints. We introduce a computational framework for these relaxations designed to cope with these difficulties. We suggest a partial Lagrangian dual, and exploit the fact that its evaluation decomposes into several independent subproblems. This opens the way to use the bundle method from non-smooth optimization to minimize the dual function. Finally computational experiments on the Max-Cut, stable set and coloring problem show the excellent quality of the bounds obtained with this approach., arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1902.05345
- Published
- 2020
12. Tikhonov regularization of a second order dynamical system with Hessian driven damping
- Author
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Szilárd László, Radu Ioan Boţ, and Ernö Robert Csetnek
- Subjects
Hessian matrix ,General Mathematics ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Dynamical Systems (math.DS) ,02 engineering and technology ,Dynamical system ,01 natural sciences ,Hessian-driven damping ,90C26 ,Tikhonov regularization ,symbols.namesake ,34G25, 47J25, 47H05, 90C26, 90C30, 65K10 ,Convergence (routing) ,FOS: Mathematics ,Applied mathematics ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics - Dynamical Systems ,Mathematics - Optimization and Control ,Mathematics ,65K10 ,021103 operations research ,Full Length Paper ,47J25 ,47H05 ,010102 general mathematics ,Hilbert space ,90C30 ,Function (mathematics) ,Convex optimization ,Optimization and Control (math.OC) ,Second order dynamical system ,34G25 ,symbols ,Fast convergence methods ,Convex function ,Software - Abstract
We investigate the asymptotic properties of the trajectories generated by a second-order dynamical system with Hessian driven damping and a Tikhonov regularization term in connection with the minimization of a smooth convex function in Hilbert spaces. We obtain fast convergence results for the function values along the trajectories. The Tikhonov regularization term enables the derivation of strong convergence results of the trajectory to the minimizer of the objective function of minimum norm.
- Published
- 2020
13. Global optimization in Hilbert space
- Author
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Benoît Chachuat, Boris Houska, Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC), and Commission of the European Communities
- Subjects
Technology ,Optimization problem ,Mathematics, Applied ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,CONVEX COMPUTATION ,010103 numerical & computational mathematics ,02 engineering and technology ,ELLIPSOIDS ,01 natural sciences ,90C26 ,93B40 ,Convergence analysis ,0102 Applied Mathematics ,Branch-and-lift ,CUT ,Mathematics ,65K10 ,021103 operations research ,Full Length Paper ,Operations Research & Management Science ,0103 Numerical and Computational Mathematics ,Bounded function ,Physical Sciences ,symbols ,49M30 ,Calculus of variations ,INTEGRATION ,SET ,Complexity analysis ,Complete search ,Operations Research ,General Mathematics ,APPROXIMATIONS ,Set (abstract data type) ,symbols.namesake ,Applied mathematics ,ALGORITHM ,0101 mathematics ,INTERSECTION ,Global optimization ,0802 Computation Theory and Mathematics ,Science & Technology ,Infinite-dimensional optimization ,Hilbert space ,Computer Science, Software Engineering ,Constraint (information theory) ,Computer Science ,Software - Abstract
We propose a complete-search algorithm for solving a class of non-convex, possibly infinite-dimensional, optimization problems to global optimality. We assume that the optimization variables are in a bounded subset of a Hilbert space, and we determine worst-case run-time bounds for the algorithm under certain regularity conditions of the cost functional and the constraint set. Because these run-time bounds are independent of the number of optimization variables and, in particular, are valid for optimization problems with infinitely many optimization variables, we prove that the algorithm converges to an \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varepsilon $$\end{document}ε-suboptimal global solution within finite run-time for any given termination tolerance \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varepsilon > 0$$\end{document}ε>0. Finally, we illustrate these results for a problem of calculus of variations.
- Published
- 2017
14. A formula for generating weakly modular forms with weight 12
- Author
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Aykut Ahmet Aygunes
- Subjects
Discrete mathematics ,symbols.namesake ,Pure mathematics ,Special solution ,General Mathematics ,Short paper ,Modular form ,Eisenstein series ,symbols ,Derivative ,Function (mathematics) ,Mathematics ,Möbius transformation - Abstract
In this short paper, generally, we define a family of functions fk depends on the Eisenstein series with weight 2k, for k ( N. More detail, by considering the function fk, we define a derivative formula for generating weakly modular forms with weight 12. As a result for this, we claim that this formula gives an advantage to find the special solutions of some differential equations.
- Published
- 2016
15. d-Hermite rings and skew $$\textit{PBW}$$ PBW extensions
- Author
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Oswaldo Lezama and Claudia Gallego
- Subjects
Hermite polynomials ,Rank (linear algebra) ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Short paper ,Skew ,010103 numerical & computational mathematics ,01 natural sciences ,Combinatorics ,symbols.namesake ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Kronecker delta ,symbols ,Kronecker's theorem ,Finitely-generated abelian group ,0101 mathematics ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this short paper we study the d-Hermite condition about stably free modules for skew $$\textit{PBW}$$ extensions. For this purpose, we estimate the stable rank of these non-commutative rings. In addition, and closely related with these questions, we will prove Kronecker’s theorem about the radical of finitely generated ideals for some particular types of skew $$\textit{PBW}$$ extensions.
- Published
- 2015
16. Phase portraits of separable quadratic systems and a bibliographical survey on quadratic systems
- Author
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Jaume Llibre and Tao Li
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Class (set theory) ,Poincaré compactification ,Phase portrait ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Quadratic function ,01 natural sciences ,Separable space ,Quadratic system ,symbols.namesake ,Quadratic equation ,Separable system ,Poincaré conjecture ,symbols ,Compactification (mathematics) ,0101 mathematics ,Quadratic differential ,Mathematics - Abstract
Although planar quadratic differential systems and their applications have been studied in more than one thousand papers, we still have no complete understanding of these systems. In this paper we have two objectives. First we provide a brief bibliographical survey on the main results about quadratic systems. Here we do not consider the applications of these systems to many areas as in Physics, Chemist, Economics, Biology, … Second we characterize the new class of planar separable quadratic polynomial differential systems. For such class of systems we provide the normal forms which contain one parameter, and using the Poincare compactification and the blow up technique, we prove that there exist 10 non-equivalent topological phase portraits in the Poincare disc for the separable quadratic polynomial differential systems.
- Published
- 2021
17. Generalized split null point of sum of monotone operators in Hilbert spaces
- Author
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H. A. Abass, Olalwale K. Oyewole, Ojen Kumar Narain, Akindele Adebayo Mebawondu, and Kazeem Olalekan Aremu
- Subjects
47h09 ,Pure mathematics ,fixed point problem ,47j25 ,General Mathematics ,47j05 ,Hilbert space ,47h06 ,inertial iterative scheme ,symbols.namesake ,Monotone polygon ,firmly nonexpansive ,symbols ,generalized split monotone variational inclusion ,QA1-939 ,Null point ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new type of a generalized split monotone variational inclusion (GSMVI) problem in the framework of real Hilbert spaces. By incorporating an inertial extrapolation method and an Halpern iterative technique, we establish a strong convergence result for approximating a solution of GSMVI and fixed point problems of certain nonlinear mappings in the framework of real Hilbert spaces. Many existing results are derived as corollaries to our main result. Furthermore, we present a numerical example to support our main result and propose an open problem for interested researchers in this area. The result obtained in this paper improves and generalizes many existing results in the literature.
- Published
- 2021
18. Gaussian Asymptotics of Jack Measures on Partitions From Weighted Enumeration of Ribbon Paths
- Author
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Alexander Moll
- Subjects
Spectral theory ,Generalization ,General Mathematics ,Gaussian ,Probability (math.PR) ,Mathematical proof ,Combinatorics ,symbols.namesake ,Mathematics::Quantum Algebra ,Ribbon ,FOS: Mathematics ,symbols ,Enumeration ,Mathematics - Combinatorics ,Combinatorics (math.CO) ,Limit (mathematics) ,Mathematics::Representation Theory ,Cumulant ,Mathematics - Probability ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper we determine two asymptotic results for Jack measures on partitions, a model defined by two specializations of Jack polynomials proposed by Borodin-Olshanski in [European J. Combin. 26.6 (2005): 795-834]. Assuming these two specializations are the same, we derive limit shapes and Gaussian fluctuations for the anisotropic profiles of these random partitions in three asymptotic regimes associated to diverging, fixed, and vanishing values of the Jack parameter. To do so, we introduce a generalization of Motzkin paths we call "ribbon paths", show for general Jack measures that certain joint cumulants are weighted sums of connected ribbon paths on $n$ sites with $n-1+g$ pairings, and derive our two results from the contributions of $(n,g)=(1,0)$ and $(2,0)$, respectively. Our analysis makes use of Nazarov-Sklyanin's spectral theory for Jack polynomials. As a consequence, we give new proofs of several results for Schur measures, Plancherel measures, and Jack-Plancherel measures. In addition, we relate our weighted sums of ribbon paths to the weighted sums of ribbon graphs of maps on non-oriented real surfaces recently introduced by Chapuy-Dol\k{e}ga., Comment: Several results in this paper first appeared in the author's unpublished monograph arXiv:1508.03063. Version 2: revised and accepted for publication in International Mathematics Research Notices (IMRN)
- Published
- 2021
19. Splines of the Fourth Order Approximation and the Volterra Integral Equations
- Author
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D.E. Zhilin, A.G. Doronina, and I. G. Burova
- Subjects
Polynomial ,Series (mathematics) ,General Mathematics ,Type (model theory) ,Integral equation ,Volterra integral equation ,symbols.namesake ,Continuation ,Computer Science::Graphics ,symbols ,Applied mathematics ,Focus (optics) ,Mathematics ,Interpolation - Abstract
This paper is a continuation of a series of papers devoted to the numerical solution of integral equations using local interpolation splines. The main focus is given to the use of splines of the fourth order of approximation. The features of the application of the polynomial and non-polynomial splines of the fourth order of approximation to the solution of Volterra integral equation of the second kind are discussed. In addition to local splines of the Lagrangian type, integro-differential splines are also used to construct computational schemes. The comparison of the solutions obtained by different methods is carried out. The results of the numerical experiments are presented.
- Published
- 2021
20. On the singular value decomposition over finite fields and orbits of GU×GU
- Author
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Robert M. Guralnick
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,010103 numerical & computational mathematics ,01 natural sciences ,Unitary state ,Nilpotent matrix ,symbols.namesake ,Finite field ,Character (mathematics) ,Kronecker delta ,Singular value decomposition ,Linear algebra ,symbols ,0101 mathematics ,Algebraic number ,Mathematics - Abstract
The singular value decomposition of a complex matrix is a fundamental concept in linear algebra and has proved extremely useful in many subjects. It is less clear what the situation is over a finite field. In this paper, we classify the orbits of GU m ( q ) × GU n ( q ) on M m × n ( q 2 ) (which is the analog of the singular value decomposition). The proof involves Kronecker’s theory of pencils and the Lang–Steinberg theorem for algebraic groups. Besides the motivation mentioned above, this problem came up in a recent paper of Guralnick et al. (2020) where a concept of character level for the complex irreducible characters of finite, general or special, linear and unitary groups was studied and bounds on the number of orbits was needed. A consequence of this work determines possible pairs of Jordan forms for nilpotent matrices of the form A A ∗ and A ∗ A over a finite field and A A ⊤ and A ⊤ A over arbitrary fields.
- Published
- 2021
21. Analytic embedding of pseudo-Helmholtz geometry
- Author
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V. A. Kyrov
- Subjects
Physics ,maximum mobility geometry ,group of motions ,General Computer Science ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,Computational Mechanics ,symbols.namesake ,Mechanics of Materials ,Helmholtz free energy ,QA1-939 ,symbols ,Embedding ,functional equation ,pseudo-helmholtz geometry ,Mathematics - Abstract
For modern geometry, the study of maximal mobility geometries is of great importance. Some of these geometries are well studied (Euclidean, pseudo-Euclidean, symplectic, spherical, Lobachevsky, etc.), and others are poorly understood (Helmholtz, pseudo-Helmholtz, etc.). There is no complete classification of geometries for maximum mobility. In this paper part of this large classification problem is solved. The solution is sought by the embedding method, the essence of which is to find the functions of a pair of $f = \chi(g,w_i,w_j)$, specifies $(n+1)$-dimensional geometries of maximum mobility, using the well-known function of a pair of $g$$n$-dimensional geometries of maximum mobility. In this paper, $g$ is either a function of a pair of points of two-dimensional pseudo-Helmholtz geometry $g = \beta\ln|y_i-y_j| +\varepsilon\ln|x_i-x_j|,$ or the function of a pair of points of three-dimensional pseudo-Helmholtz geometry $g = \beta\ln|y_i-y_j| +\varepsilon\ln|x_i-x_j| + 2z_i + 2z_j$. Both of these geometries are maximum mobility geometries. As a result of embedding a two-dimensional pseudo-Helmholtz geometry, we obtain a three-dimensional pseudo-Helmholtz geometry, but as a result of embedding a three-dimensional pseudo-Helmholtz geometry, geometries of maximum mobility are not obtained. Solving the embedding problem is reduced to solving special functional equations in the class of analytic functions.
- Published
- 2021
22. A generalization of the Freidlin–Wentcell theorem on averaging of Hamiltonian systems
- Author
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Yichun Zhu
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Girsanov theorem ,Weak convergence ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Identity matrix ,Differential operator ,01 natural sciences ,Hamiltonian system ,010101 applied mathematics ,symbols.namesake ,Matrix (mathematics) ,Compact space ,Wiener process ,symbols ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we generalize the classical Freidlin-Wentzell’s theorem for random perturbations of Hamiltonian systems. In (Probability Theory and Related Fields 128 (2004) 441–466), M.Freidlin and M.Weber generalized the original result in the sense that the coefficient for the noise term is no longer the identity matrix but a state-dependent matrix and taking the drift term into consideration. In this paper, We generalize the result by adding a state-dependent matrix that converges uniformly to 0 on any compact sets as ϵ tends to 0 to a state-dependent noise and considering the drift term which contains two parts, the state-dependent mapping and a state-dependent mapping that converges uniformly to 0 on any compact sets as ϵ tends to 0. In the proof, we adapt a new way to prove the weak convergence inside the edge by constructing an auxiliary process and modify the proof in (Probability Theory and Related Fields 128 (2004) 441–466) when proving gluing condition.
- Published
- 2021
23. The integrals and integral transformations connected with the joint vector Gaussian distribution
- Author
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N. F. Kako and V. S. Mukha
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Distribution (number theory) ,General Mathematics ,Gaussian ,010102 general mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,General Physics and Astronomy ,01 natural sciences ,symbols.namesake ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,0103 physical sciences ,symbols ,0101 mathematics ,Joint (geology) ,Mathematics - Abstract
In many applications it is desirable to consider not one random vector but a number of random vectors with the joint distribution. This paper is devoted to the integral and integral transformations connected with the joint vector Gaussian probability density function. Such integral and transformations arise in the statistical decision theory, particularly, in the dual control theory based on the statistical decision theory. One of the results represented in the paper is the integral of the joint Gaussian probability density function. The other results are the total probability formula and Bayes formula formulated in terms of the joint vector Gaussian probability density function. As an example the Bayesian estimations of the coefficients of the multiple regression function are obtained. The proposed integrals can be used as table integrals in various fields of research.
- Published
- 2021
24. A Numerical Approach for Evaluating the Time-Dependent Distribution of a Quasi Birth-Death Process
- Author
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Birgit Sollie, Michel Mandjes, and Mathematics
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Mathematical optimization ,General Mathematics ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Markov process ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,010104 statistics & probability ,symbols.namesake ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics ,021103 operations research ,Series (mathematics) ,Markov chain ,Model selection ,Quasi birth-death processes ,Maximum likelihood estimation ,Uniformization (probability theory) ,Quasi-birth–death process ,symbols ,Matrix exponential ,Time-dependent probabilities ,Erlang distribution - Abstract
This paper considers a continuous-time quasi birth-death (qbd) process, which informally can be seen as a birth-death process of which the parameters are modulated by an external continuous-time Markov chain. The aim is to numerically approximate the time-dependent distribution of the resulting bivariate Markov process in an accurate and efficient way. An approach based on the Erlangization principle is proposed and formally justified. Its performance is investigated and compared with two existing approaches: one based on numerical evaluation of the matrix exponential underlying the qbd process, and one based on the uniformization technique. It is shown that in many settings the approach based on Erlangization is faster than the other approaches, while still being highly accurate. In the last part of the paper, we demonstrate the use of the developed technique in the context of the evaluation of the likelihood pertaining to a time series, which can then be optimized over its parameters to obtain the maximum likelihood estimator. More specifically, through a series of examples with simulated and real-life data, we show how it can be deployed in model selection problems that involve the choice between a qbd and its non-modulated counterpart.
- Published
- 2022
25. The Cauchy problem for the energy-critical inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation
- Author
-
Ihyeok Seo and Yoonjung Lee
- Subjects
symbols.namesake ,General Mathematics ,Open problem ,symbols ,Initial value problem ,Beta (velocity) ,Lambda ,Nonlinear Schrödinger equation ,Energy (signal processing) ,Mathematics ,Mathematical physics - Abstract
In this paper, we study the Cauchy problem for the energy-critical inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrodinger equation $$i\partial _{t}u+\Delta u=\lambda |x|^{-\alpha }|u|^{\beta }u$$ in $$H^1$$ . The well-posedness theory in $$H^1$$ has been intensively studied in recent years, but the currently known approaches do not work for the critical case $$\beta =(4-2\alpha )/(n-2)$$ . It is still an open problem. The main contribution of this paper is to develop the theory in this case.
- Published
- 2021
26. Application of a fixed point theorem on infinite cartesian product to an infinite system of differential equations
- Author
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Marcel-Adrian Şerban
- Subjects
symbols.namesake ,System of differential equations ,General Mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,symbols ,Fixed-point theorem ,Cartesian product ,Mathematics - Abstract
"In the paper Operators on infinite dimensional cartesian product, (Analele Univ. Vest Timişoara, Mat. Inform., 48 (2010), 253–263), by I. A. Rus and M. A. Şerban, the authors give a generalization of the Fibre contraction theorem on infinite dimensional cartesian product. In this paper we give an application of this abstract result to an infinite system of differential equations. "
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- 2021
27. Stability and collapse of the Lyapunov spectrum for Perron–Frobenius operator cocycles
- Author
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Anthony Quas and Cecilia González-Tokman
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Mathematics::Dynamical Systems ,Dense set ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,Blaschke product ,Banach space ,Lyapunov exponent ,Fixed point ,symbols.namesake ,Unit circle ,symbols ,Invariant measure ,Mathematics ,Analytic function - Abstract
In this paper, we study random Blaschke products, acting on the unit circle, and consider the cocycle of Perron-Frobenius operators acting on Banach spaces of analytic functions on an annulus. We completely describe the Lyapunov spectrum of these cocycles. As a corollary, we obtain a simple random Blaschke product system where the Perron-Frobenius cocycle has infinitely many distinct Lyapunov exponents, but where arbitrarily small natural perturbations cause a complete collapse of the Lyapunov spectrum, except for the exponent 0 associated with the absolutely continuous invariant measure. That is, under perturbations, the Lyapunov exponents become 0 with multiplicity 1, and $-\infty$ with infinite multiplicity. This is superficially similar to the finite-dimensional phenomenon, discovered by Bochi \cite{Bochi-thesis}, that away from the uniformly hyperbolic setting, small perturbations can lead to a collapse of the Lyapunov spectrum to zero. In this paper, however, the cocycle and its perturbation are explicitly described; and further, the mechanism for collapse is quite different. We study stability of the Perron-Frobenius cocycles arising from general random Blaschke products. We give a necessary and sufficient criterion for stability of the Lyapunov spectrum in terms of the derivative of the random Blaschke product at its random fixed point, and use this to show that an open dense set of Blaschke product cocycles have hyperbolic Perron-Frobenius cocycles. In the final part, we prove a relationship between the Lyapunov spectrum of a single cocycle acting on two different Banach spaces, allowing us to draw conclusions for the same cocycles acting on $C^r$ functions spaces.
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- 2021
28. Dynamical significance of generalized fractional integral inequalities via convexity
- Author
-
M. Zakarya, Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar, Ahmed Morsy, Gauhar Rahman, Sabila Ali, Rana Safdar Ali, Sunil Dutt Purohit, and Shahid Mubeen
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Inequality ,Kernel (set theory) ,General Mathematics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Mathematics::Classical Analysis and ODEs ,η2)-convex function ,generalized fractional inequalities ,Function (mathematics) ,Type inequality ,Type (model theory) ,hadamard inequality ,Convexity ,symbols.namesake ,fractional inequalities ,symbols ,QA1-939 ,wright generalized bessel function ,Convex function ,(η1 ,Bessel function ,Mathematics ,media_common - Abstract
The main goal of this paper is to develop the significance of generalized fractional integral inequalities via convex functions. We obtain the new version of fractional integral inequalities with the extended Wright generalized Bessel function acting as a kernel for the convex function, which deals with the Hermite-Hadamard type and trapezoid type inequalities. Moreover, we establish new mid-point type and trapezoid type integral inequalities for $ (\eta_{1}, \eta_{2}) $-convex function related to Hermite-Hadamard type inequality. We establish new version of integral inequality for $ (\eta_{1}, \eta_{2}) $-convex function related to Fejer type. The results discussed in this paper are a generalized version of many inequalities in literature.
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- 2021
29. Evans model for dynamic economics revised
- Author
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Ji-Huan He, Chun-Hui He, and Hamid M. Sedighi
- Subjects
Profit (accounting) ,Scale (ratio) ,General Mathematics ,Function (mathematics) ,two-scale economics ,two-scale fractal derivative ,Nonlinear system ,symbols.namesake ,Fractal ,Demand curve ,Variational principle ,Lagrange multiplier ,symbols ,QA1-939 ,fractal variational principle ,fractal economics ,scale-dependent law ,Mathematical economics ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper argues that any economic phenomena should be observed by two different scales, and any economic laws are scale-dependent. A one-scale law arising in either macroeconomics or microeconomics might be mathematically correct and economically relevant, however, sparking debates might arise for a different scale. This paper re-analyzes the basic assumptions of the Evans model for dynamic economics, and it concludes that they are quite reasonable on a large time-scale, but the assumptions become totally invalid on a smaller scale, and a fractal modification has to be adopted. A two-scale price dynamics is suggested and a fractal variational theory is established to maximize the profit at a given period. Furthermore Evans 1924 variational principle for the maximal profit is easy to be solved for a quadratic cost function using the Lagrange multiplier method. Here a quadratic-cubic cost function and a nonlinear demand function are used, and the stationary condition of the variational formulation is derived step by step, and a more complex dynamic system is obtained. The present derivation process can be extended to a more complex cost function and a more complex demand function, and the paper sheds a promising light on mathematics treatment of complex economic problems.
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- 2021
30. On Some Properties of the New Generalized Fractional Derivative with Non-Singular Kernel
- Author
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Khalid Hattaf
- Subjects
Lyapunov function ,Article Subject ,Non singular ,General Mathematics ,Science and engineering ,General Engineering ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Fractional calculus ,010101 applied mathematics ,symbols.namesake ,Exponential stability ,Kernel (statistics) ,0103 physical sciences ,QA1-939 ,symbols ,Applied mathematics ,TA1-2040 ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper presents some new formulas and properties of the generalized fractional derivative with non-singular kernel that covers various types of fractional derivatives such as the Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative, the Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative, and the weighted Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative. These new properties extend many recent results existing in the literature. Furthermore, the paper proposes some interesting inequalities that estimate the generalized fractional derivatives of some specific functions. These inequalities can be used to construct Lyapunov functions with the aim to study the global asymptotic stability of several fractional-order systems arising from diverse fields of science and engineering.
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- 2021
31. On the geometry of the tangent bundle with gradient Sasaki metric
- Author
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Lakehal Belarbi and Hichem Elhendi
- Subjects
Tangent bundle ,Riemann curvature tensor ,symbols.namesake ,General Mathematics ,Sasaki metric ,Scalar (mathematics) ,symbols ,Tangent ,Geometry ,Riemannian manifold ,Curvature ,Connection (mathematics) ,Mathematics - Abstract
PurposeLet (M, g) be a n-dimensional smooth Riemannian manifold. In the present paper, the authors introduce a new class of natural metrics denoted by gf and called gradient Sasaki metric on the tangent bundle TM. The authors calculate its Levi-Civita connection and Riemannian curvature tensor. The authors study the geometry of (TM, gf) and several important results are obtained on curvature, scalar and sectional curvatures.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper the authors introduce a new class of natural metrics called gradient Sasaki metric on tangent bundle.FindingsThe authors calculate its Levi-Civita connection and Riemannian curvature tensor. The authors study the geometry of (TM, gf) and several important results are obtained on curvature scalar and sectional curvatures.Originality/valueThe authors calculate its Levi-Civita connection and Riemannian curvature tensor. The authors study the geometry of (TM, gf) and several important results are obtained on curvature scalar and sectional curvatures.
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- 2021
32. Stationary Wavelet with Double Generalised Rayleigh Distribution
- Author
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Hassan M. Aljohani
- Subjects
021103 operations research ,Article Subject ,Computer science ,Rayleigh distribution ,General Mathematics ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,General Engineering ,Wavelet transform ,Markov chain Monte Carlo ,02 engineering and technology ,Inverse problem ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,01 natural sciences ,010104 statistics & probability ,symbols.namesake ,Noise ,Wavelet ,Multicollinearity ,Gaussian noise ,QA1-939 ,symbols ,TA1-2040 ,0101 mathematics ,Algorithm ,Mathematics - Abstract
Statistics are mathematical tools applying scientific investigations, such as engineering and medical and biological analyses. However, statistical methods are often improved. Nowadays, statisticians try to find an accurate way to solve a problem. One of these problems is estimation parameters, which can be expressed as an inverse problem when independent variables are highly correlated. This paper’s significant goal is to interpret the parameter estimates of double generalized Rayleigh distribution in a regression model using a wavelet basis. It is difficult to use the standard version of the regression methods in practical terms, which is obtained using the likelihood. Since a noise level usually makes the result of estimation unstable, multicollinearity leads to various estimates. This kind of problem estimates that features of the truth are complicated. So it is reasonable to use a mixed method that combines a fully Bayesian approach and a wavelet basis. The usual rule for wavelet approaches is to choose a wavelet basis, where it helps to compute the wavelet coefficients, and then, these coefficients are used to remove Gaussian noise. Recovering data is typically calculated by inverting the wavelet coefficients. Some wavelet bases have been considered, which provide a shift-invariant wavelet transform, simultaneously providing improvements in smoothness, in recovering, and in squared-error performance. The proposed method uses combining a penalized maximum likelihood approach, a penalty term, and wavelet tools. In this paper, real data are involved and modeled using double generalized Rayleigh distributions, as they are used to estimate the wavelet coefficients of the sample using numerical tools. In practical applications, wavelet approaches are recommended. They reduce noise levels. This process may be useful since the noise level is often corrupted in real data, as a significant cause of most numerical estimation problems. A simulation investigation is studied using the MCMC tool to estimate the underlying features as an essential task statistics.
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- 2021
33. On the supporting nodes in the localized method of fundamental solutions for 2D potential problems with Dirichlet boundary condition
- Author
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Zengtao Chen and Fajie Wang
- Subjects
Computer science ,General Mathematics ,Selection strategy ,Stability (learning theory) ,localized method of fundamental solutions ,symbols.namesake ,Simple (abstract algebra) ,Dirichlet boundary condition ,Empirical formula ,Curve fitting ,symbols ,empirical formula ,QA1-939 ,Applied mathematics ,Method of fundamental solutions ,Node (circuits) ,meshless method ,supporting nodes ,potential problems ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper proposes a simple, accurate and effective empirical formula to determine the number of supporting nodes in a newly-developed method, the localized method of fundamental solutions (LMFS). The LMFS has the merits of meshless, high-accuracy and easy-to-simulation in large-scale problems, but the number of supporting nodes has a certain impact on the accuracy and stability of the scheme. By using the curve fitting technique, this study established a simple formula between the number of supporting nodes and the node spacing. Based on the developed formula, the reasonable number of supporting nodes can be determined according to the node spacing. Numerical experiments confirmed the validity of the proposed methodology. This paper perfected the theory of the LMFS, and provided a quantitative selection strategy of method parameters.
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- 2021
34. Fourier restriction in low fractal dimensions
- Author
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Bassam Shayya
- Subjects
Conjecture ,Measurable function ,Characteristic function (probability theory) ,General Mathematics ,Second fundamental form ,010102 general mathematics ,42B10, 42B20 (Primary), 28A75 (Secondary) ,0102 computer and information sciences ,Function (mathematics) ,Lebesgue integration ,01 natural sciences ,Measure (mathematics) ,Combinatorics ,symbols.namesake ,Hypersurface ,Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs ,010201 computation theory & mathematics ,Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA) ,FOS: Mathematics ,symbols ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics - Abstract
Let $S \subset \Bbb R^n$ be a smooth compact hypersurface with a strictly positive second fundamental form, $E$ be the Fourier extension operator on $S$, and $X$ be a Lebesgue measurable subset of $\Bbb R^n$. If $X$ contains a ball of each radius, then the problem of determining the range of exponents $(p,q)$ for which the estimate $\| Ef \|_{L^q(X)} \leq C \| f \|_{L^p(S)}$ holds is equivalent to the restriction conjecture. In this paper, we study the estimate under the following assumption on the set $X$: there is a number $0 < \alpha \leq n$ such that $|X \cap B_R| \leq c \, R^\alpha$ for all balls $B_R$ in $\Bbb R^n$ of radius $R \geq 1$. On the left-hand side of this estimate, we are integrating the function $|Ef(x)|^q$ against the measure $\chi_X dx$. Our approach consists of replacing the characteristic function $\chi_X$ of $X$ by an appropriate weight function $H$, and studying the resulting estimate in three different regimes: small values of $\alpha$, intermediate values of $\alpha$, and large values of $\alpha$. In the first regime, we establish the estimate by using already available methods. In the second regime, we prove a weighted H\"{o}lder-type inequality that holds for general non-negative Lebesgue measurable functions on $\Bbb R^n$, and combine it with the result from the first regime. In the third regime, we borrow a recent fractal Fourier restriction theorem of Du and Zhang and combine it with the result from the second regime. In the opposite direction, the results of this paper improve on the Du-Zhang theorem in the range $0 < \alpha < n/2$., Comment: 31 pages. Minor revision
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- 2021
35. Large Eddy Simulation and Flow Field Analysis of Car on the Bridge under Turbulent Crosswind
- Author
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Weitan Yin, Yongqi Ma, and Juyue Ding
- Subjects
Article Subject ,Computer simulation ,Turbulence ,General Mathematics ,Airflow ,General Engineering ,Reynolds number ,02 engineering and technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,01 natural sciences ,Bridge (nautical) ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,symbols.namesake ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Range (aeronautics) ,0103 physical sciences ,QA1-939 ,symbols ,Environmental science ,TA1-2040 ,Mathematics ,Large eddy simulation ,Crosswind ,Marine engineering - Abstract
As more long-span bridges continue to be completed and opened to traffic, the safety of cars driving across the bridge has attracted more and more attention, especially when the car is suddenly affected by the crosswind, the car is likely to have direction deviation or even a rollover accident. In this paper, the large eddy simulation method is used to study the flow field characteristics and safety of the car on the bridge under the turbulent crosswind. The numerical simulation model is established by referring to the Donghai Bridge, and the correctness of the car model is validated by combining with the data of wind tunnel test. The influence of factors such as the porosity and height of the bridge guardrail and the Reynolds number of airflow on the flow field characteristics is analyzed. The study shows that, in order to ensure the safety of cars on the bridge, the bridge guardrail porosity should be small, 35.8% is more suitable, the guardrail height should be more suitable within the range of 1.5–1.625 meters, and the Reynolds number should not be 3.51e + 5. The research results of this paper will provide reference for the optimal design of bridge guardrail.
- Published
- 2021
36. Effects of Southwest Airlines on Carrier Profits and Entry Probabilities
- Author
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Junqiushi Ren
- Subjects
Estimation ,Counterfactual thinking ,050210 logistics & transportation ,Article Subject ,General Mathematics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Stochastic game ,General Engineering ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,NonStop ,Microeconomics ,symbols.namesake ,Nash equilibrium ,Service (economics) ,0502 economics and business ,QA1-939 ,symbols ,Economics ,Profitability index ,TA1-2040 ,050207 economics ,Mathematics ,media_common - Abstract
This paper studies the effects of Southwest Airlines, the largest low-cost carrier (LCC) in the U.S., on other carriers’ payoff functions and entry probabilities. A static entry game model is developed and estimated by viewing entry as an indicator of underlying profitability and making use of Nash Equilibrium. Results indicate that Southwest has a remarkable and negative impact on the payoffs of other carriers. This impact is firm-specific, with LCCs being more affected than full-service carriers (FSCs). Comparing the two service types, the results show that Southwest’s nonstop presence apparently imposes more downward pressure on opponents’ profits than its connecting presence. A counterfactual experiment is then conducted. Once Southwest is counterfactually removed, the probability of each carrier entering a market significantly changes. This paper examines Southwest’s impacts from a new perspective and extends literature on entry game estimation.
- Published
- 2021
37. On the Finite Time Blowup of the De Gregorio Model for the 3D Euler Equations
- Author
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Thomas Y. Hou, De Huang, and Jiajie Chen
- Subjects
symbols.namesake ,Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,FOS: Mathematics ,symbols ,Finite time ,Analysis of PDEs (math.AP) ,Mathematics ,Euler equations - Abstract
We present a novel method of analysis and prove finite time asymptotically self-similar blowup of the De Gregorio model \cite{DG90,DG96} for some smooth initial data on the real line with compact support. We also prove self-similar blowup results for the generalized De Gregorio model \cite{OSW08} for the entire range of parameter on $\mathbb{R}$ or $S^1$ for H\"older continuous initial data with compact support. Our strategy is to reformulate the problem of proving finite time asymptotically self-similar singularity into the problem of establishing the nonlinear stability of an approximate self-similar profile with a small residual error using the dynamic rescaling equation. We use the energy method with appropriate singular weight functions to extract the damping effect from the linearized operator around the approximate self-similar profile and take into account cancellation among various nonlocal terms to establish stability analysis. We remark that our analysis does not rule out the possibility that the original De Gregorio model is well posed for smooth initial data on a circle. The method of analysis presented in this paper provides a promising new framework to analyze finite time singularity of nonlinear nonlocal systems of partial differential equations., Comment: Added discussion in Section 2.3 and made some minor edits. Main paper 57 pages, Supplementary material 29 pages. In previous arXiv versions, the hyperlinks of the equation number in the main paper are linked to the supplementary material, which is fixed in this version
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- 2021
38. Study on the exit strategy selection mechanism of venture capital based on quantum game
- Author
-
Bingji Yuan
- Subjects
game theory ,Exit strategy ,GeneralLiterature_INTRODUCTORYANDSURVEY ,General Mathematics ,Equity (finance) ,Pareto principle ,ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING ,Venture capital ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS ,Microeconomics ,symbols.namesake ,quantum games ,Nash equilibrium ,exit strategies ,Quantum game theory ,Economics ,symbols ,QA1-939 ,venture capital ,Game theory ,Mathematics - Abstract
Venture capital exit strategy is a key condition of realizing venture capital appreciation and circular operation. Based on the equity sale method of venture capital exit, this paper explores strategic choices of venture capitalists and venture entrepreneurs for external investment, and constructs a venture capital exit strategy model with the paradigm of classical game theory and quantum game theory, respectively. A series of experiments demonstrated the proposed method can achieve the unification of Nash equilibrium and Pareto equilibrium. Therefore, this paper expands the basic theoretical support and provide practical support for the choice of venture capital exit strategies.
- Published
- 2021
39. On the pair correlations of powers of real numbers
- Author
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Christoph Aistleitner and Simon Baker
- Subjects
11K06, 11K60 ,General Mathematics ,Modulo ,FOS: Physical sciences ,0102 computer and information sciences ,Lebesgue integration ,01 natural sciences ,Combinatorics ,symbols.namesake ,Pair correlation ,FOS: Mathematics ,Number Theory (math.NT) ,0101 mathematics ,Algebra over a field ,Classical theorem ,Mathematical Physics ,Real number ,Mathematics ,Sequence ,Mathematics - Number Theory ,Probability (math.PR) ,010102 general mathematics ,Mathematical Physics (math-ph) ,010201 computation theory & mathematics ,symbols ,Martingale (probability theory) ,Mathematics - Probability - Abstract
A classical theorem of Koksma states that for Lebesgue almost every $x>1$ the sequence $(x^n)_{n=1}^{\infty}$ is uniformly distributed modulo one. In the present paper we extend Koksma's theorem to the pair correlation setting. More precisely, we show that for Lebesgue almost every $x>1$ the pair correlations of the fractional parts of $(x^n)_{n=1}^{\infty}$ are asymptotically Poissonian. The proof is based on a martingale approximation method., Version 2: some minor changes. The paper will appear in the Israel Journal of Mathematics
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- 2021
40. Geometric properties of the Bertotti–Kasner space-time
- Author
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H. M. Manjunatha, S. K. Narasimhamurthy, and Zohreh Nekouee
- Subjects
Weyl tensor ,Riemann curvature tensor ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,General Mathematics ,Curvature ,01 natural sciences ,Vacuum solution (general relativity) ,symbols.namesake ,Gravitational field ,0103 physical sciences ,Gaussian curvature ,symbols ,Canonical form ,Literature survey ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Mathematical physics ,Mathematics - Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the Bertotti–Kasner space-time and its geometric properties.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on the features of λ-tensor and the technique of six-dimensional formalism introduced by Pirani and followed by W. Borgiel, Z. Ahsan et al. and H.M. Manjunatha et al. This technique helps to describe both the geometric properties and the nature of the gravitational field of the space-times in the Segre characteristic.FindingsThe Gaussian curvature quantities specify the curvature of Bertotti–Kasner space-time. They are expressed in terms of invariants of the curvature tensor. The Petrov canonical form and the Weyl invariants have also been obtained.Originality/valueThe findings are revealed to be both physically and geometrically interesting for the description of the gravitational field of the cylindrical universe of Bertotti–Kasner type as far as the literature is concerned. Given the technique of six-dimensional formalism, the authors have defined the Weyl conformal λW-tensor and discussed the canonical form of the Weyl tensor and the Petrov scalars. To the best of the literature survey, this idea is found to be modern. The results deliver new insight into the geometry of the nonstatic cylindrical vacuum solution of Einstein's field equations.
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- 2021
41. Sharp Hardy Identities and Inequalities on Carnot Groups
- Author
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Guozhen Lu, Nguyen Lam, and Joshua Flynn
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Inequality ,General Mathematics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,010102 general mathematics ,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,symbols.namesake ,0302 clinical medicine ,symbols ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0101 mathematics ,Carnot cycle ,Mathematics ,media_common - Abstract
In this paper we establish general weighted Hardy identities for several subelliptic settings including Hardy identities on the Heisenberg group, Carnot groups with respect to a homogeneous gauge and Carnot–Carathéodory metric, general nilpotent groups, and certain families of Hörmander vector fields. We also introduce new weighted uncertainty principles in these settings. This is done by continuing the program initiated by [N. Lam, G. Lu and L. Zhang, Factorizations and Hardy’s-type identities and inequalities on upper half spaces, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 58 2019, 6, Paper No. 183; N. Lam, G. Lu and L. Zhang, Geometric Hardy’s inequalities with general distance functions, J. Funct. Anal. 279 2020, 8, Article ID 108673] of using the Bessel pairs introduced by [N. Ghoussoub and A. Moradifam, Functional Inequalities: New Perspectives and New Applications, Math. Surveys Monogr. 187, American Mathematical Society, Providence, 2013] to obtain Hardy identities. Using these identities, we are able to improve significantly existing Hardy inequalities in the literature in the aforementioned subelliptic settings. In particular, we establish the Hardy identities and inequalities in the spirit of [H. Brezis and J. L. Vázquez, Blow-up solutions of some nonlinear elliptic problems, Rev. Mat. Univ. Complut. Madrid 10 1997, 443–469] and [H. Brezis and M. Marcus, Hardy’s inequalities revisited. Dedicated to Ennio De Giorgi, Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa Cl. Sci. (4) 25 1997, 1–2, 217–237] in these settings.
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- 2021
42. Approximating a common solution of extended split equality equilibrium and fixed point problems
- Author
-
J. M. Ngnotchouye, F. U. Ogbuisi, and F. O. Isiogugu
- Subjects
TheoryofComputation_MISCELLANEOUS ,Iterative method ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,Numerical analysis ,Hilbert space ,TheoryofComputation_GENERAL ,Extension (predicate logic) ,Fixed point ,symbols.namesake ,Monotone polygon ,Convergence (routing) ,symbols ,Applied mathematics ,Equilibrium problem ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we study an extension of the split equality equilibrium problem called the extended split equality equilibrium problem. We give an iterative algorithm for approximating a solution of extended split equality equilibrium and fixed point problems and obtained a strong convergence result in a real Hilbert space. We further applied our result to solve extended split equality monotone variational inclusion and equilibrium problems. The result of this paper complements and extends results on split equality equilibrium problems in the literature.
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- 2021
43. Analysis of Dual Null Field Methods for Dirichlet Problems of Laplace’s Equation in Elliptic Domains with Elliptic Holes: Bypassing Degenerate Scales
- Author
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Z.C. Li, L.P. Zhang, A.A. Lempert, H.T. Huang, and M.G. Lee
- Subjects
Laplace's equation ,Physics ,degenerate scales ,dual null field methods ,elliptic domains ,General Mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,Degenerate energy levels ,stability analysis ,Dirichlet distribution ,boundary element method ,Dual (category theory) ,symbols.namesake ,Error analysis ,Null field ,QA1-939 ,symbols ,Boundary element method ,error analysis ,Mathematics - Abstract
Dual techniques have been used in many engineering papers to deal with singularity and ill-conditioning of the boundary element method (BEM). Our efforts are paid to explore theoretical analysis, including error and stability analysis, to fill up the gap between theory and computation. Our group provides the analysis for Laplace’s equation in circular domains with circular holes and in this paper for elliptic domains with elliptic holes. The explicit algebraic equations of the first kind and second kinds of the null field method (NFM) and the interior field method (IFM) have been studied extensively. Traditionally, the first and the second kinds of the NFM are used for the Dirichlet and Neumann problems, respectively. To bypass the degenerate scales of Dirichlet problems, the second and the first kinds of the NFM are used for the exterior and the interior boundaries, simultaneously, called the dual null field method (DNFM) in this paper. Optimal convergence rates and good stability for the DNFM can be achieved from our analysis. This paper is the first part of the study and mostly concerns theoretical aspects; the second part is expected to be devoted to numerical experiments.
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- 2021
44. EXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS TO FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH FRACTIONAL-ORDER DERIVATIVE TERMS
- Author
-
Ai Sun, Tongxiang Li, Qingchun Yuan, and You-Hui Su
- Subjects
Computer simulation ,Iterative method ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Fixed-point theorem ,Derivative ,Function (mathematics) ,01 natural sciences ,010101 applied mathematics ,Nonlinear system ,symbols.namesake ,Green's function ,symbols ,Applied mathematics ,Point (geometry) ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics - Abstract
The study in this paper is made on the nonlinear fractional differential equation whose nonlinearity involves the explicit fractional order D0+β u(t). The corresponding Green's function is derived first, and then the completely continuous operator is proved. Besides, based on the Schauder's fixed point theorem and the Krasnosel'skii's fixed point theorem, the sufficient conditions for at least one or two existence of positive solutions are established. Furthermore, several other sufficient conditions for at least three, n or 2n-1 positive solutions are also obtained by applying the generalized AveryHenderson fixed point theorem and the Avery-Peterson fixed point theorem. Finally, several simulation examples are provided to illustrate the main results of the paper. In particularly, a novel efficient iterative method is employed for simulating the examples mentioned above, that is, the interesting point of this paper is that the approximation graphics for the solutions are given by using the iterative method.
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- 2021
45. Collectively fixed point theorems in noncompact abstract convex spaces with applications
- Author
-
Rong Li, Kai Zhang, and Haishu Lu
- Subjects
TheoryofComputation_MISCELLANEOUS ,collectively fixed point ,Computer Science::Computer Science and Game Theory ,Pure mathematics ,nash equilibrium ,General Mathematics ,generalized weak implicit inclusion problem ,Regular polygon ,Fixed-point theorem ,Fixed point ,symbols.namesake ,Intersection ,Nash equilibrium ,Generalized Pareto distribution ,abstract convex space ,QA1-939 ,symbols ,Product topology ,nonempty intersection theorem ,Finite set ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, by using the KKM theory and the properties of $ \Gamma $-convexity and $ {\frak{RC}} $-mapping, we investigate the existence of collectively fixed points for a family with a finite number of set-valued mappings on the product space of noncompact abstract convex spaces. Consequently, as applications, some existence theorems of generalized weighted Nash equilibria and generalized Pareto Nash equilibria for constrained multiobjective games, some nonempty intersection theorems with applications to the Fan analytic alternative formulation and the existence of Nash equilibria, and some existence theorems of solutions for generalized weak implicit inclusion problems in noncompact abstract convex spaces are given. The results obtained in this paper extend and generalize many corresponding results of the existing literature.
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- 2021
46. Nonlocal Games with Noisy Maximally Entangled States are Decidable
- Author
-
Minglong Qin and Penghui Yao
- Subjects
Discrete mathematics ,Quantum Physics ,Computer Science::Computer Science and Game Theory ,General Computer Science ,General Mathematics ,ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING ,FOS: Physical sciences ,TheoryofComputation_GENERAL ,State (functional analysis) ,Special class ,Decidability ,symbols.namesake ,TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES ,Fourier analysis ,Bipartite graph ,symbols ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Quantum Physics (quant-ph) ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper considers a special class of nonlocal games $(G,\psi)$, where $G$ is a two-player one-round game, and $\psi$ is a bipartite state independent of $G$. In the game $(G,\psi)$, the players are allowed to share arbitrarily many copies of $\psi$. The value of the game $(G,\psi)$, denoted by $\omega^*(G,\psi)$, is the supremum of the winning probability that the players can achieve with arbitrarily many copies of preshared states $\psi$. For a noisy maximally entangled state $\psi$, a two-player one-round game $G$ and an arbitrarily small precision $\epsilon>0$, this paper proves an upper bound on the number of copies of $\psi$ for the players to win the game with a probability $\epsilon$ close to $\omega^*(G,\psi)$. Hence, it is feasible to approximately compute $\omega^*(G,\psi)$ to an arbitrarily precision. Recently, a breakthrough result by Ji, Natarajan, Vidick, Wright and Yuen showed that it is undecidable to approximate the values of nonlocal games to a constant precision when the players preshare arbitrarily many copies of perfect maximally entangled states, which implies that $\mathrm{MIP}^*=\mathrm{RE}$. In contrast, our result implies the hardness of approximating nonlocal games collapses when the preshared maximally entangled states are noisy. The paper develops a theory of Fourier analysis on matrix spaces by extending a number of techniques in Boolean analysis and Hermitian analysis to matrix spaces. We establish a series of new techniques, such as a quantum invariance principle and a hypercontractive inequality for random operators, which we believe have further applications., Comment: Supercedes arXiv:1904.08832, accepted by SIAM Journal of Computing
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- 2021
47. Infinitely many solutions for a class of fractional Robin problems with variable exponents
- Author
-
Ramzi Alsaedi
- Subjects
Class (set theory) ,Work (thermodynamics) ,General Mathematics ,variational methods ,robin ,Mathematics::Spectral Theory ,Type (model theory) ,variable exponents ,Euler equations ,symbols.namesake ,Continuation ,fracional sobolev spaces ,Operator (computer programming) ,QA1-939 ,symbols ,Applied mathematics ,Boundary value problem ,Mathematics ,Variable (mathematics) - Abstract
In this paper, we are concerned with a class of fractional Robin problems with variable exponents. Their main feature is that the associated Euler equation is driven by the fractional $ p(\cdot)- $Laplacian operator with variable coefficient while the boundary condition is of Robin type. This paper is a continuation of the recent work established by A. Bahrouni, V. Radulescu and P. Winkert [ 5 ].
- Published
- 2021
48. On some additive problems of Goldbach’s type
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Mathematics::Number Theory ,General Mathematics ,Diophantine equation ,Function (mathematics) ,Riemann zeta function ,Riemann hypothesis ,symbols.namesake ,Exponential sum ,Goldbach's conjecture ,symbols ,Asymptotic formula ,Remainder ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we find an asymptotic formula with power-saving remainder term for the number of solutions of one non-linear ternary problem with primes. The proof is based on the "precise formula"for Chebyshev’s function involving the zeros of Riemann zeta function. In fact, a ternary problem "at each zero"is solved. I. M. Vinogradov’s solution of the ternary Goldbach problem (1937, see [1], [2]) opened the way of solving a wide class of problems of the above type. In 1938, he found a power-saving estimate (with respect to the length of the summation interval) for the mean value of the modulus of the exponential sum with primes (see [2], theorem 3, p.82; theorems 6 and 7, p.86). Starting at 1996, G.I.Arkhipov, K.Buriev and the author have obtained several results concerning the exceptional sets in some binary problems of Goldbach’s type. These results used both the tools of the theory of Diophantine approximations and the "precise formulas"from Riemann’s zeta function theory. At the same time, the method of estimating of linear sums with primes based on the measure theory was derived in the papers of G. L. Watson, D. Bruedern, R. D. Cook and A. Perelli.
- Published
- 2021
49. On Admissible Locations of Transonic Shock Fronts for Steady Euler Flows in an Almost Flat Finite Nozzle with Prescribed Receiver Pressure
- Author
-
Zhouping Xin and Beixiang Fang
- Subjects
35A01, 35A02, 35B20, 35B35, 35B65, 35J56, 35L65, 35L67, 35M30, 35M32, 35Q31, 35R35, 76L05, 76N10 ,Shock (fluid dynamics) ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Nozzle ,Mathematical analysis ,Boundary (topology) ,Euler system ,01 natural sciences ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,010104 statistics & probability ,symbols.namesake ,Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs ,FOS: Mathematics ,Free boundary problem ,Euler's formula ,symbols ,Boundary value problem ,0101 mathematics ,Transonic ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Analysis of PDEs (math.AP) ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper concerns the existence of transonic shock solutions to the 2-D steady compressible Euler system in an almost flat finite nozzle ( in the sense that it is a generic small perturbation of a flat one ), under physical boundary conditions proposed by Courant-Friedrichs in \cite{CourantFriedrichs1948}, in which the receiver pressure is prescribed at the exit of the nozzle. In the resulting free boundary problem, the location of the shock-front is one of the most desirable information one would like to determine. However, the location of the normal shock-front in a flat nozzle can be anywhere in the nozzle so that it provides little information on the possible location of the shock-front when the nozzle's boundary is perturbed. So one of the key difficulties in looking for transonic shock solutions is to determine the shock-front. To this end, a free boundary problem for the linearized Euler system will be proposed, whose solution will be taken as an initial approximation for the transonic shock solution. In this paper, a sufficient condition in terms of the geometry of the nozzle and the given exit pressure is derived which yields the existence of the solutions to the proposed free boundary problem. Once an initial approximation is obtained, a further nonlinear iteration could be constructed and proved to lead to a transonic shock solution., 53 pages
- Published
- 2020
50. Peg solitaire in three colors on graphs
- Author
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Tara C. Davis, Melissa Wong, Roberto C. Soto, Alexxis De Lamere, Gustavo Sopena, and Sonali Vyas
- Subjects
Computer Science::Computer Science and Game Theory ,Solitaire Cryptographic Algorithm ,combinatorial games ,General Mathematics ,games on graphs ,peg solitaire ,Combinatorial game theory ,Star (graph theory) ,Cartesian product ,Combinatorics ,symbols.namesake ,TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES ,Computer Science::Discrete Mathematics ,Path (graph theory) ,91A43 ,symbols ,Bipartite graph ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,05C57 ,MathematicsofComputing_DISCRETEMATHEMATICS ,Mathematics - Abstract
Peg solitaire is a classical one-person game that has been played in various countries on different types of boards. Numerous studies have focused on the solvability of the games on these traditional boards and more recently on mathematical graphs. In this paper, we go beyond traditional peg solitaire and explore the solvability on graphs with pegs of more than one color and arrive at results that differ from previous works on the subject. This paper focuses on classifying the solvability of peg solitaire in three colors on several different types of common mathematical graphs, including the path, complete bipartite, and star. We also consider the solvability of peg solitaire on the Cartesian products of graphs.
- Published
- 2020
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