1,014 results
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2. A PROCEDURE FOR THE GRAVIMETRIC QUANTIFICATION OF TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON AND CARBONATES IN NATURAL ROCKS FOCUSED ON MINERAL AND COAL PROCESSING.
- Author
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VILASÓ-CADRE, Javier E., REYES-DOMÍNGUEZ, Iván A., and PIÑA, Juan J.
- Subjects
CARBONATE rocks ,SCANNING electron microscopy ,FERRIC oxide ,HEAT treatment ,MINERALOGY ,DOLOMITE - Abstract
This paper presents a gravimetric method for the quantification of total organic carbon by ignition at 1100°C and carbonates by acid dissolution in rock samples containing coal. Two minerals (CM-1 and CM-2) and a subbituminous coal (SBC) were used in the study. The mineralogical characterization of the samples was performed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. This revealed the presence of calcite in samples CM-1 (20.4%) and CM-2 (74.7%), dolomite in CM-2 (0.7%), and graphite in sample SBC (42.6%). To eliminate carbonates, the samples were treated with 4 mol/L HCl, which allowed quantification. Results of the carbonate gravimetric quantification were compared with those obtained with a calcimeter. A significant difference was observed for the sample CM-2 (70.3% versus 63.4% by calcimetry, p-value = 0.0042). For the sample without carbonates, no differences were observed for loss on ignition without and with the acid treatment, so this is not necessary for this type of sample. A morphological study showed no significant surface change after acid treatment, but fracture of iron oxide particles was observed in CM-1 and CM-2 after heat treatment. In this study it was demonstrated that rock mineralogy is essential to correctly analyze organic and inorganic carbon content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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3. Characteristics and genesis of shoal facies reservoir of the Lower Ordovician Tongzi Formation in southeastern Sichuan Basin, China.
- Author
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Ruiqing Tao, Hao Tang, Wei Yan, Yading Li, Qianwen Mo, Ling Li, Li Zhou, Tao Ma, Jinbiao An, Guoliang Xiao, and Xiucheng Tan
- Subjects
PETROLEUM prospecting ,STRATIGRAPHIC traps (Petroleum geology) ,RESERVOIR rocks ,DOLOMITE ,KARST - Abstract
The Lower Ordovician Tongzi Formation containing abundant shoal sediments is the most promising stratum for the petroleum exploration in the Sichuan Basin. However, the current studies mainly focus on the central part of the Basin, the systematic analysis of the southeastern part with well-developed shoal facies is lacking. This paper aims to clarify the characteristics and genesis of the Tongzi Formation reservoir in Southeastern Sichuan Basin, following an analysis of sedimentary facies within the sequence stratigraphic framework. The research shows that the main types of reservoir rocks are oolitic, intraclastic and bioclastic dolostones. And the reservoir spaces consist mainly of intergranular (dissolved) pores, inter-crystalline (dissolved) pores, intragranular dissolved pores and fractures. Among them, intergranular pores account for the highest proportion, which is followed by intragranular dissolved pores. In addition, most throats are necking and flaky which mainly connect intergranular and inter-crystalline pores, respectively. The diagenetic sequence shows that penecontemporaneous karst well improved the porosity of the reservoir in the early-stage although the cementation and compaction reduced parts of pores. The reservoir formation is associated with the tectonic-depositional settings, diageneses and terrigenous contamination. Paleohighlands and submerged uplifts, forming in the early Ordovician amalgamation between Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks, accumulated shoal sediments as the material basis for the reservoir formation. Penecontemporaneous karst forming intragranular dissolved pores and the dolomitization aiding grainstones to resist the pressure solution are the key to increasing porosity and preserving pores. The absence of terrigenous contamination prevented intergranular pores from being strongly cemented, which resulted in the reservoir difference between the central and southeastern Sichuan Basin. The study can be used as a reference for the further exploration of Ordovician petroleum in the Sichuan Basin and other regions owning similar geological settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
4. Thermal History and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Stages in Majiagou Formation of Ordovician in the East-Central Ordos Basin.
- Author
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Tao, Hua, Cui, Junping, Zhao, Fanfan, Ren, Zhanli, Qi, Kai, Liu, Hao, and Su, Shihao
- Subjects
CARBONATE reservoirs ,FLUID inclusions ,CARBONATE rocks ,NATURAL gas ,ORGANIC compounds ,DOLOMITE - Abstract
The marine carbonates in the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the Ordos Basin have significant exploration potential. Research has focused on their thermal history and hydrocarbon accumulation stages, as these are essential for guiding the exploration and development of hydrocarbons. In this paper, we study the thermal evolution history of the carbonate reservoirs of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the east-central Ordos Basin. Furthermore, petrographic and homogenization temperature studies of fluid inclusions were carried out to further reveal the hydrocarbon accumulation stages. The results demonstrate that the degree of thermal evolution of the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs is predominantly influenced by the deep thermal structure, exhibiting a trend of high to low values from south to north in the central region of the basin. The Fuxian area is located in the center of the Early Cretaceous thermal anomalies, with the maturity degree of the organic matter ranging from 1 to 3.2%, with a maximum value of 3.2%. The present geothermal gradient of the Ordovician Formation exhibits the characteristics of east–high and west–low, with an average of 28.6 °C/km. The average paleo-geotemperature gradient is 54.2 °C/km, the paleoheat flux is 55 mW/m
2 , and the maximum paleo-geotemperature reaches up to 270 °C. The thermal history recovery indicates that the Ordovician in the central part of the basin underwent three thermal evolution stages: (i) a slow warming stage before the Late Permian; (ii) a rapid warming stage from the end of the Late Permian to the end of the Early Cretaceous; (iii) a cooling stage after the Early Cretaceous, with the hydrocarbon production of hydrocarbon source rocks weakening. In the central part of the basin, the carbonate rock strata of the Majiagou Formation mainly developed asphalt inclusions, natural gas inclusions, and aqueous inclusions. The fluid inclusions can be classified into two stages. The early-stage fluid inclusions are mainly present in dissolution holes. The homogenization temperature is 110–130 °C; this coincides with the hydrocarbon charging period of 210–165 Ma, which corresponds to the end of the Triassic to the end of the Middle Jurassic. The late-stage fluid inclusions are in the dolomite vein or late calcite that filled the gypsum-model pores. The homogenization temperature is 160–170 °C; this coincides with the hydrocarbon charging period of 123–97 Ma, which corresponds to the late Early Cretaceous. Both hydrocarbon charging periods are in the rapid stratigraphic warming stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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5. Experimental Study on Preparation of Inorganic Fibers from Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers Ash.
- Author
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Wang, Qingjia, Zhou, Tuo, Li, Zhiao, Ding, Yi, Song, Qiang, Zhang, Man, Hu, Nan, and Yang, Hairui
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INORGANIC fibers ,YOUNG'S modulus ,RAW materials ,POLLUTION ,DOLOMITE - Abstract
The ash generated by Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) boilers is featured by its looseness and porosity, low content of glassy substances, and high contents of calcium (Ca) and sulfur (S), thus resulting in a low comprehensive utilization rate. Currently, the predominant treatment approach for CFB ash and slag is stacking, which may give rise to issues like environmental pollution. In this paper, CFB ash (with a CaO content of 7.64% and an SO
3 content of 1.77%) was used as the main raw material. The high-temperature melting characteristics, viscosity–temperature characteristics, and initial crystallization temperature of samples with different acidity coefficients were investigated. The final drawing temperature range of the samples was determined, and mechanical property tests were conducted on the prepared inorganic fibers. The results show that the addition of dolomite powder has a significant reducing effect on the complete liquid phase temperature. The final drawing temperatures of the samples with different acidity coefficients range as follows: 1270–1318 °C; 1272–1351 °C; 1250–1372 °C; 1280–1380 °C; 1300–1382 °C; and 1310–1384 °C. The drawing temperature of this system is slightly lower than that of basalt fibers. Based on the test results of the mechanical properties of inorganic fibers, the Young's modulus of the inorganic fibers prepared through the experiment lies between 55 GPa and 74 GPa, which basically meets the performance requirements of inorganic fibers. Consequently, the method of preparing inorganic fibers by using CFB ash and dolomite powder is entirely feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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6. Reactive transport modeling constraints on the complex genesis of a lacustrine dolomite reservoir: A case from the Eocene Qaidam Basin, China.
- Author
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Ying Xiong, Bo Liu, Xiu-Cheng Tan, Zheng-Meng Hou, Jia-Shun Luo, Ya-Chen Xie, Kai-Bo Shi, and Kun-Yu Wu
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EVAPORITES ,MINERALOGY ,EOCENE Epoch ,PARAGENESIS ,SEDIMENTATION & deposition ,DOLOMITE - Abstract
Reactive transport modeling (RTM) is an emerging method used to address geological issues in diagenesis research. However, the extrapolation of RTM results to practical reservoir prediction is not sufficiently understood. This paper presents a case study of the Eocene Qaidam Basin that combines RTM results with petrological and mineralogical evidence. The results show that the Eocene Xiaganchaigou Formation is characterized by mixed siliciclastic-carbonate-evaporite sedimentation in a semiclosed saline lacustrine environment. Periodic evaporation and salinization processes during the syngeneticpenecontemporaneous stage gave rise to the replacive genesis of dolomites and the cyclic enrichment of dolomite in the middle-upper parts of the meter-scale depositional sequences. The successive change in mineral paragenesis from terrigenous clastics to carbonates to evaporites was reconstructed using RTM simulations. Parametric uncertainty analyses further suggest that the evaporation intensity (brine salinity) and particle size of sediments (reactive surface area) were important rate-determining factors in the dolomitization, as shown by the relatively higher reaction rates under conditions of higher brine salinity and fine-grained sediments. Combining the simulation results with measured mineralogical and reservoir physical property data indicates that the preservation of original intergranular pores and the generation of porosity via replacive dolomitization were the major formation mechanisms of the distinctive lacustrine dolomite reservoirs (widespread submicron intercrystalline micropores) in the Eocene Qaidam Basin. The results confirm that RTM can be effectively used in geological studies, can provide a better general understanding of the dolomitizing fluid-rock interactions, and can shed light on the spatiotemporal evolution of mineralogy and porosity during dolomitization and the formation of lacustrine dolomite reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Industrial Assessment of the Carbonate Rocks of the Pila Spi Formation at Haibat Sultan Mountain, Iraqi Kurdistan Region
- Author
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Varoujan K. Sissakian, Mohammed J. Hamawandy, and Rahel Kh. Ibrahim
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,Technology ,quarrying conditions ,Science ,Dolomite ,Geochemistry ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Group (stratigraphy) ,industrial assessment ,Chemical composition ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Cement ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,cement and paper industries ,Agriculture ,Ridge ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Carbonate rock ,Iraqi kurdistan ,Geology ,pila spi formation - Abstract
The Pila Spi Formation is one of the prominent formations forming continuous ridges in Kurdistan Region. The thickness of the formation ranges from 15 to 110 m, consisting of well-bedded limestone, dolomite, dolomitic limestone, and very rare marl beds. The study area is located about 15 km east of Koya town, next to the abandoned tunnel through a deeply cut valley which has exposed 50 m of the formation. However, the uppermost part of the exposed section may belong to one of the Oligocene formations of Kirkuk Group. The study area was selected within the Pila Spi Formation because the rocks of the same formation and along the same ridge, about 45 km west of the study area showed encouraging results for cement industry. The average CaO is about 51%, whereas the average MgO is 1.8%. Therefore, eight samples were collected at constant thickness from the exposed section. The samples were subjected to X-ray fluorescence (XRF) test to indicate the main oxides in the sampled section. The acquired results from the XRF tests showed that the chemical composition of the exposed rocks within the Pila Spi Formation is suitable for cement industry, also for paper and paint but needs some treatment. Accordingly, another eight samples were collected from the same section to increase the density of sampling, totaling to 16 samples.
- Published
- 2020
8. Obtaining Granules from Waste Tannery Shavings and Mineral Additives by Wet Pulp Granulation
- Author
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Andrzej Obraniak, Katarzyna Ławińska, Andrzej Rostocki, R. Modrzewski, Tomasz Wężyk, Tomasz P. Olejnik, and Szymon Szufa
- Subjects
Gypsum ,Materials science ,Dolomite ,Pharmaceutical Science ,agglomerates ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Calcium Sulfate ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,Calcium Carbonate ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,Granulation ,020401 chemical engineering ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,Magnesium ,0204 chemical engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Particle Size ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Waste Products ,Leather industry ,Minerals ,Mineral ,integumentary system ,Economies of agglomeration ,Pulp (paper) ,Organic Chemistry ,Water ,Tanning ,Pulp and paper industry ,tanning waste ,disc granulation ,shavings ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Agglomerate ,engineering ,Molecular Medicine - Abstract
This paper presents the results of research on the granulation process of leather industry waste, i.e., tanning shavings. It is economically justified to granulate this waste together with mineral additives that are useful in the processes of their further processing. Unfortunately, the granulation of raw, unsorted shavings does not obtain desired results due to their unusual properties. In this study, the possibilities of agglomeration of this waste were examined by a new method consisting of the production and then the granulation of wet pulp. During granulation, no additional binding liquid is added to the granulated bed. As part of this work, the specific surface of granulated shavings, the granulometric composition of the obtained agglomerates, and their strength parameters were determined. The use of a vibrating disc granulator, the addition of a water glass solution (in the pulp), dolomite, and gypsum made it possible to obtain durable, mechanically stable granules.
- Published
- 2020
9. Ocean acidification does not affect magnesium composition or dolomite formation in living crustose coralline algae, Porolithon onkodes in an experimental system.
- Author
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Nash, M. C., Uthicke, S., Negri, A. P., and Cantin, N. E.
- Subjects
OCEAN acidification ,DOLOMITE ,CORALLINE algae ,OGCODES ,CORALS ,DISSOLUTION (Chemistry) - Abstract
There are concerns that Mg-calcite crustose coralline algae (CCA), which are key reef builders on coral reefs, will be most susceptible to increased rates of dissolution under higher pCO
2 and ocean acidification. Due to the higher solubility of Mg-calcite, it has been hypothesized that magnesium concentrations in CCA Mg-calcite will decrease as the ocean acidifies, and that this decrease will make their skeletons more chemically stable. In addition to Mg-calcite, CCA Porolithon onkodes the predominant encrusting species on tropical reefs, can have dolomite (Ca0.5 Mg0.5 CO3 ) infilling cell spaces which increases their stability. However, nothing is known about how bio-mineralised dolomite formation responds to higher pCO2. Using P. onkodes grown for 3 and 6 months in tank experiments, we aimed to determine (1) if mol%MgCO3 in new crust and new settlement affected by increasing pCO2 levels (365, 444, 676 and 904 ppm), (2) whether bio-mineralised dolomite formed within these time frames, and (3) if so, whether this was effected by pCO2 . Our results show there was no significant effect of pCO2 on mol%MgCO3 in any sample set, indicating an absence of a plastic response under a wide range of experimental conditions. Dolomite within the CCA cells formed within 3 months and dolomite abundance did not vary significantly with pCO2 treatment. While evidence mounts that climate change will impact many sensitive coral and CCA species, the results from this study indicate that reef-building P. onkodes will continue to form stabilising dolomite infill under near-future acidification conditions, thereby re- taining its higher resistance to dissolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
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10. Bio-oil and char obtained from cassava rhizomes with soil conditioners by fast pyrolysis
- Author
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Monchawan Wangkulangkool, Koson Rueangsan, Homhuan Tasarod, Pakkip Kraisoda, Somsuk Trisupakitti, Adcha Heman, and John Morris
- Subjects
Soil conditioners ,H1-99 ,Cassava rhizome ,Multidisciplinary ,Science (General) ,Chemistry ,Dolomite ,Bio-oil ,Pulp and paper industry ,Rhizome ,Catalysis ,Soil conditioner ,Free-fall reactor ,Social sciences (General) ,Q1-390 ,Heat of combustion ,Char ,Organic fertilizer ,Pyrolysis ,Fast pyrolysis ,Research Article - Abstract
We studied the properties of the bio-oil and char from fast pyrolysis of cassava rhizomes in a free-fall reactor, catalyzed by adding various soil conditioners (or improvers) as catalysts to the reactor at 500 °C and 200 g/h feed rate. Four conditioners were evaluated - granular TPI pH11 soil conditioner, volcanic rock, TPI pelletized organic fertilizer and super dolomite - and added at 50% (w/w) of the rhizomes. Bio-oil and gas yields decreased, whereas char yields increased, yielding bio-oil 57–59%, gas 14–20% and char 23–28%. With the catalysts, the bio-oil higher heating value increased, while that of char decreased: for cassava rhizomes with volcanic rock the bio-oil high heating value increased from 19.4 to 23.6 MJ/kg, whereas rhizomes with dolomite led to an increased viscosity from 27 to 34 × 10−3 mm2/s., Fast pyrolysis; Free-fall reactor; Bio-oil; Cassava rhizome; Soil conditioners.
- Published
- 2021
11. Sedimentary characteristics, lithofacies, and paleogeography of the Middle–Lower Cambrian in the Tarim Basin, NW China.
- Author
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Ji, Tianyu, Yang, Wei, Wu, Xueqiong, Li, Dejiang, Liu, Mancang, Song, Chengpeng, and Chen, Xi
- Subjects
PALEOGEOGRAPHY ,LITHOFACIES ,CONTINENTAL shelf ,SEDIMENTARY facies (Geology) ,FACIES ,DOLOMITE ,SEDIMENTS - Abstract
The Cambrian pre-salt dolomite sequence in the Tarim Basin is a target zone of great strategic significance for hydrocarbon exploration in the basin. Using the results of the interpretation of 3D seismic data from Lunnan and 2D seismic data covering the whole basin, and based on a synthesis of outcrop data, drilling data, well logs, core data, and thin-section data, and the findings from previous studies, this paper studies the characteristics of the facies of the Middle–Lower Cambrian in the platform area in the Tarim Basin, the formation and evolution of platform margins, and the sedimentary characteristics, lithofacies, and paleogeographic characteristics of the Middle–Lower Cambrian series. Based on the types of lithofacies and the seismic facies analysis, the sedimentary facies of the Middle–Lower Cambrian strata can be classified into the five types. From bottom to top, the Middle–Lower Cambrian have experienced several development stages, including the deposition of continental shelf sediments of the Yuertusi Formation, gently sloping non-rimmed platform margin sediments of the Xiaoerbulake Formation, weakly rimmed platform margin sediments of the Wusongger and Shayilike formations, and strongly rimmed platform margin sediments of the Awatage Formation. In each stage, the platform margin shifted further east relative to its location in the previous stage. Based on these results and previous studies, the lithofacies and paleogeography maps of the Middle–Lower Cambrian in the Tarim Basin are modified, and the implications for hydrocarbon exploration in this area are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. CO2 gasification of biomass: The effect of lime concentration in a fluidised bed
- Author
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Zdeněk Beňo, Siarhei Skoblia, Michael Pohořelý, Michal Jeremiáš, Karel Svoboda, and Michal Šyc
- Subjects
Wood gas generator ,020209 energy ,Mechanical Engineering ,Dolomite ,Tar ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,Building and Construction ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,General Energy ,chemistry ,law ,Carbon dioxide ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,engineering ,Carbonate ,Calcination ,Lime - Abstract
Fluidised bed (FB) technology can be advantageously used for the gasification of solid fuels. Calcined carbonate materials, such as limestone or dolomite, can be used directly in the fluidised bed of the gasification reactor to reform tars in situ and to enhance carbon conversion and cold gas efficiency of the gasification process. However, they exhibit poorer mechanical stability, they tend to be attrited and carried over from the reactor, and their catalytic activity decreases over time. Therefore, a portion of the material has to be replenished continuously or periodically. To decrease the amount of carbonate material that has to be replenished, a lower amount of lime (calcined limestone or dolomite) can be used in the FB, diluted by a mechanically robust material, such as silica sand or olivine. According to the literature, even concentrations in the order of 10–35% wt. of carbonate material in the FB of silica sand have a substantial effect on the decomposition of tars during steam or air gasification. However, the effect of the concentration of lime in the FB has not yet been described for CO2 gasification. In this paper, we focus on the effect of the ratio of calcined dolomitic limestone and silica sand in the FB (0%, 25%, 50% and 100% vol. of dolomitic limestone) for CO2+O2 gasification of biomass and compare it with H2O+O2 gasification at the temperature of 850 °C. The experiments were performed in a semi-autothermal spouting FB reactor, gasifying 1.4 kg h−1 of woody biomass. The effects of the concentration of dolomitic lime in the fluidised bed differed for H2O+O2 and CO2+O2 gasification. When gasifying with H2O+O2, optimal results were found with 50% vol. (35% wt.) lime in the FB, when the yield of tar was similar to the use of pure lime in the FB. When gasifying with CO2+O2, a substantial decrease in tar yield was observed when using 50% vol. (35% wt.) lime in the FB (compared to the use of pure silica sand); nevertheless, the use of undiluted lime in the FB remains the best option to attain minimal tar yield when gasifying with a CO2+O2 gasifying agent. In this case, the tar yield was decreased 8.7-fold, and the tar dew point was decreased by 124 °C (to 71 °C) compared to the non-catalysed case with silica sand being the fluidised bed of the gasifier.
- Published
- 2018
13. Evaluation and comparison of various methods used for aggregates investigations
- Author
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Hołysz, Lucyna, Rek, Paulina, Huber, Miłosz, and Terpiłowski, Konrad
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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14. Ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of chicken litter for bio-oil production: Experiment and characterization
- Author
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Muhammad S. Abu Bakar, Abul Kalam Azad, Sumon Reza, and Izzah Syazaidah
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Hot Temperature ,Dolomite ,Biomass ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Raw material ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animals ,Plant Oils ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,Fossil fuel ,Polyphenols ,General Medicine ,Pulp and paper industry ,Environmentally friendly ,Yield (chemistry) ,Biofuels ,Petroleum ,business ,Chickens ,Pyrolysis - Abstract
The depletion of fossil fuels has been a greater concern to the world due to the demand for energy that tremendously increasing with urbanization and population growth. For sustainable development, power industries are trying to find suitable substitute of petroleum fuel which is environment friendly and economically feasible. The biomass such as the production of bio-oil from chicken litter could be a possible alternative source of energy. The conversion of the feedstock was conducted through a catalytic pyrolysis process in an ex-situ fixed bed reactor heated at 500 °C with a heating rate of 50 °C/min. Proximate, ultimate, and calorific analysis of the feedstock was studied using TGA/DTG analysis, CHNS, and bomb calorimeter, respectively. GCMS and py-GCMS experiments on the bio-oil showed that the HHV of the feedstock was 16.01 MJ/kg. The addition of catalyst improved the quality of the bio-oil yield. The presence of dolomite and ZMS-5 catalyst enhances the phenols and aromatic content, respectively. Biomass to catalyst (B/C) ratio increased the oil production from 43.6g to 51.9g for dolomite and 43.6g–47.1g for ZMS-5 with the B/C ration of 20g:3g. Elevating the B/C ratio increases the pyrolytic liquid yield with greater influence on the furanic compound.
- Published
- 2021
15. Simultaneous removal of chromate and phosphate using different operational combinations for their adsorption on dolomite and banana peel
- Author
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Andrea Beatriz Saralegui, M. Natalia Piol, S. Boeykens, M. Pilar Ardanza, and Carolina Dickerman
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Dolomite ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,01 natural sciences ,Calcium Carbonate ,Phosphates ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,Chromates ,Magnesium ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Effluent ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Chromate conversion coating ,Chemistry ,Fixed bed ,Banana peel ,Musa ,General Medicine ,Contamination ,Pulp and paper industry ,Phosphate ,020801 environmental engineering ,Kinetics ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
Chromate and phosphate are contaminant frequently present in industrial effluents such as tanneries. The objective of this work is to evaluate the efficiency of different operational combinations with dolomite and banana peel for the adsorption of phosphate and chromate in binary solutions. Both adsorbents are residuals from construction and food industries, respectively. Therefore, its use propitiates the reduction of treatment costs and it is an approach to the premises of the circular economy. In this work, the dolomite and banana peel adsorption efficiencies in simple and binary systems were studied. Equilibrium and kinetics tests were carried out in batch and in a fixed bed reactor. Dolomite was found to be selective for the adsorption of phosphate and banana peel for that of chromate. The mixture of adsorbents produced similar phosphate and chromate removal than each adsorbent individually. Therefore, the removals of both contaminants from binary solutions were tested using a fixed bed reactor filled with the mix of adsorbents and the breakthrough curves were analyzed. The obtained removals were 99% of phosphate and 70% of chromate. Finally, a brief discussion was held on the reuse and disposal of saturated adsorbents.
- Published
- 2020
16. Laboratory Hydraulic Tensile Strength Correlation with Strength-Based Brittleness Indices for Carbonate Reservoirs.
- Author
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Ezazi, Mohammad, Ghorbani, Ebrahim, Shafiei, Ali, Sharifi Teshnizi, Ebrahim, and O'Kelly, Brendan C.
- Subjects
CARBONATE reservoirs ,TENSILE strength ,DOLOMITE ,BRITTLENESS ,CARBONATES ,HYDRAULIC fracturing ,ROCK mechanics ,PETROLEUM reservoirs - Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing (HF) is the primary choice for stimulating petroleum reservoirs. Rock tensile strength and brittleness are crucial parameters required for screening candidate reservoirs and in designing successful HF operations. However, in situ and laboratory determinations of the hydraulic tensile strength (HTS) of rock can prove problematic. Alternatively, the HTS could be estimated from the rock brittleness once a reliable relationship has been established between them. Accordingly, this paper investigates the correlations between the HTS, as measured using laboratory hydraulic fracture tests, and ten strength-based brittleness indices (BIs) selected from the research literature. The primary inputs for computing these BIs are uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and the Brazilian tensile strength (BTS), which are typically measured for most projects using standard laboratory rock mechanics tests or obtained from log data. For the purposes of this experimental investigation, intact rock core samples were obtained from a carbonate–dolomite formation in Iran, comprising eight distinct geomechanical units, with measured values of UCS, BTS, and HTS ranging 29.7–162.2, 1.93–12.23, and 7.20–20.63 MPa, respectively. The measured HTS was found to directly correlate with the UCS, BTS, and Young's modulus, and inversely correlated with the rock porosity. Seven of the ten investigated BIs correlated with the measured HTS over 69% (R
2 ≥ 0.69). In particular, the BI expressions developed by Yagiz and Gokceoglu, Ghadernejad et al., and Khandelwal et al. exhibited relatively strong correlations with the measured HTS (producing R2 values of 0.94, 0.87, and 0.86, respectively), suggesting that these three HTS–BI correlations could be used to provide preliminary HTS estimates for the investigated carbonate–dolomite formation in Iran. This work adds to a database that can be expanded to include other geographical regions for providing useful information about the selection of a suitable site or reserve for conducting HF operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Induced pattern of high and steep slope landslides under rainfall conditions.
- Author
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Jin, Hailong, Huang, Lin, Wang, Chunlai, Li, Changfeng, Yizi, Haer, Bai, Zhian, Sun, Liang, Zhao, Ze, Chen, Biao, and Liu, Yanjiang
- Subjects
RAINFALL ,LANDSLIDES ,NATURAL disaster warning systems ,SLOPE stability ,SURFACE potential ,SPECKLE interference ,DOLOMITE - Abstract
Owing to the deep concave mining in Bayan Obo stope, the slope angle is steep, the terrain is high, the outcrop width of the crushing belt is large, the stability of many slopes is poor, and there are potential sliding surfaces. In this paper, through on-site investigation and sampling, the main factors affecting the landslide of the high and steep slopes of Bayan Obo are analyzed. Uniaxial compression tests were carried out to obtain the mechanical parameters of dolomite and slate. With the help of the three-dimensional digital speckle system, the whole process of slope landslide under rainfall conditions was studied through similar simulation and numerical simulation experiments. The influence of rainfall on the slope of Bayan Obo and the induced pattern of landslide were revealed. The experimental results show that rainfall is the key to inducing instability, the slippage at the edge of the slope is obvious, and there is seepage in the depths but the effect is not significant. The landslide can be roughly divided into the damage accumulation stage; the deformation development and expansion stage; and the unstable slip stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Dolomitic BIF beneficiation of Conceição - MG mine
- Author
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Edson Fernandes Raso, Rodrigo Oscar de Albuquerque, and Fernando Soares Lameiras
- Subjects
lcsh:TN1-997 ,food.ingredient ,medicine.drug_class ,Starch ,Dolomite ,flotation ,engineering.material ,Soybean oil ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,food ,medicine ,lcsh:Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,General Environmental Science ,iron concentration ,Pulp (paper) ,General Engineering ,food and beverages ,Beneficiation ,Hematite ,Pulp and paper industry ,dolomitic BIF ,chemistry ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,visual_art ,engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Depressant ,Comminution ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) - Abstract
In the Conceição - MG mine, there are significant reserves of dolomitic itabirite, which is considered overburden material. This study aimed to develop a flotation route for the concentration of this dolomitic BIF according to the requirements of the steel industry. The characterization of samples, comminution, liberation size, microflotation of the pure dolomite and hematite minerals were performed to establish the conditions for selective separation in bench flotation tests. The microflotation tests showed that the soybean oil at pH 6 preferably floats the dolomite in relation to the hematite. The corn starch depressant at a pH higher than10 preferably depresses the hematite relative to the dolomite. The bench flotation tests revealed interactions between the factors pH, percentage of solids in the pulp, soybean oil and starch dosage. The optimal results for bench flotation tests were achieved under the following conditions: pH at 10.5, percentage of solids of 27wt%, dosages of soybean oil and corn starch of 400g/ton and 351g/ton, respectively.
- Published
- 2019
19. On the effect of biogas composition on the H2 production by sorption enhanced steam reforming (SESR)
- Author
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Fernando Rubiera, Roberto García, Covadonga Pevida, María Victoria Gil, A. Capa, De Chen, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Principado de Asturias, Rubiera González, Fernando, Pevida García, Covadonga, Gil Matellanes, María Victoria, Rubiera González, Fernando [0000-0003-0385-1102], Pevida García, Covadonga [0000-0002-4662-8448], and Gil Matellanes, María Victoria [0000-0002-2258-3011]
- Subjects
Sorbent ,Materials science ,020209 energy ,Biogas ,02 engineering and technology ,Methane ,Steam reforming ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0601 history and archaeology ,060102 archaeology ,Methane reformer ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Pd/Ni–Co catalyst ,Sorption ,06 humanities and the arts ,Dolomite ,Pulp and paper industry ,Sorption enhanced steam reforming ,CO2 capture ,Anaerobic digestion ,chemistry ,Fluidized bed ,CH4/CO2 composition ,Hydrogen - Abstract
Biogas is a valuable source of renewable energy produced from biodegradable organic materials via anaerobic digestion. The production of H2 by sorption enhanced steam reforming (SESR) of biogas has been studied thermodynamic and experimentally. A Pd/Ni–Co catalyst and dolomite as CO2 sorbent were used. The effect of biogas composition (CH4/CO2 vol.%) on the process was evaluated at 600 and 650 °C in a fluidized bed reactor using biogas CO2 concentrations of 5–50 vol.%. During conventional biogas steam reforming (SR), high CH4 partial pressures in the feed favor the process, producing high H2 concentrations. During biogas SESR, CO2 was effectively removed from the gas phase by the sorbent for all the biogas compositions, and it did not alter the process compared to pure methane. Steam methane reforming (SMR) and water-gas shift (WGS), together with carbonation, were the main reactions occurring during biogas SESR. Dry (or CO2) methane reforming did not occur under the conditions studied due to the relatively low temperature and the presence of steam. High H2 purity (98.4 vol.%) and H2 yield (91%) were experimentally obtained, pointing out the biogas SESR as a promising technology for the efficient production of high-purity, high-yield hydrogen from a renewable source., The authors thank Franefoss Miljøkalk A/S (Norway) for supplying Arctic dolomite. This work was carried out with financial support from the Spanish MICINN (Project ENE2017-83530-R) and from the Gobierno del Principado de Asturias (PCTI, Ref. IDI/2018/000115), both co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). M.V. Gil acknowledges support from a Ramón y Cajal grant (RYC-2017-21937) of the Spanish government, co-financed by the European Social Fund (ESF). A. Capa acknowledges a fellowship awarded by the Spanish MICINN (FPI program, PRE2018-083634), co-financed by the European Social Fund (ESF).
- Published
- 2020
20. Co-Gasification of Treated Solid Recovered Fuel Residue by Using Minerals Bed and Biomass Waste Blends
- Author
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Anthony De Girolamo, Tanvir Alam, Yong Chil Seo, Sang Yeop Lee, Se-Won Park, Hang Seok Choi, and Yean Ouk Jeong
- Subjects
Control and Optimization ,020209 energy ,gas pollutants ,Dolomite ,gasification ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Raw material ,engineering.material ,lcsh:Technology ,01 natural sciences ,Bioenergy ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,waste ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Refuse-derived fuel ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Lime ,biomass ,lcsh:T ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Producer gas ,syngas ,Pulp and paper industry ,visual_art ,solid recovered fuel ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,engineering ,Sawdust ,Energy (miscellaneous) ,Syngas - Abstract
Solid recovered fuel (SRF) residue, which is leftovers from the SRF manufacturing process, usually is discarded in landfill because of its low heating value and high ash and moisture content. However, it could be used as a fuel after mechanical and biological treatment. Gasification experiments were conducted on treated SRF residue (TSRFR) to assess the viability of syngas production. Efforts were also made to improve the gasification performance by adding low-cost natural minerals such as dolomite and lime as bed material, and by blending with biomass waste. In the case of additive mineral tests, dolomite showed better performance compared to lime, and in the case of biomass blends, a 25 wt% pine sawdust blend with TSRFR showed the best performance. Finally, as an appropriate condition, a combined experiment was conducted at an equivalence ratio (ER) of 0.2 using a 25 wt% pine sawdust blend with TSRFR as a feedstock and dolomite as the bed material. The highest dry gas yield (1.81 Nm3/kg), with the highest amount of syngas (56.72 vol%) and highest lower heating value (9.55 MJ/Nm3) was obtained in this condition. Furthermore, the highest cold gas efficiency (48.64%) and carbon conversion rate (98.87%), and the lowest residue yield (11.56%), tar (0.95 g/Nm3), and gas pollutants content was observed.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Catalytic pyrolysis of spent coffee waste for upgrading sustainable bio-oil in a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor: Experimental and techno-economic analysis
- Author
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Boreum Lee, Jinsoo Kim, Quoc Khanh Tran, Hankwon Lim, Hyun Tae Hwang, Seung-Soo Kim, Jae Wook Sim, Hoang Vu Ly, and Boris Brigljević
- Subjects
General Chemical Engineering ,Dolomite ,Separator (oil production) ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Hematite ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,0104 chemical sciences ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,visual_art ,SCALE-UP ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Process simulation ,0210 nano-technology ,Pyrolysis ,Magnetite - Abstract
Spent coffee waste (SCW) is extremely attractive to be exploited and utilized as a material source for energy generation and chemical production. This study concerned bio-oil production via non-catalytic and catalytic fast pyrolysis using SCW in a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor (BFR). In particular, a comparative analysis of the quality of the bio-oil produced was conducted for non-catalytic (using silica sand as the bed material) and catalytic (using dolomite, HZSM-5, hematite, and magnetite as the catalyst) fast pyrolysis. Scale-up modeling confirmed using the experimental data was performed at a feed rate of 100 kg h−1 (1,000-fold capacity), which showed different orders in the quality of energy (hematite > magnetite > dolomite > HZSM-5 > silica, in order of energy from highest to lowest) owing to the realistic integration of the BFR with other components in plants, such as the combustor, compressor, and separator. Further, techno-economic analysis of scale-up system revealed that the unit production costs of bio-oil were 0.0151, 0.0034, 0.0143, 0.0095, and 0.0102 $ MJ−1 for silica, dolomite, HZSM-5, hematite, and magnetite, respectively (dolomite > hematite > magnetite > HZSM-5 > silica, in order of unit cost from lowest to highest). Among them, dolomite and hematite showed competitive unit production costs compared to the price of conventional crude oil (0.0098 $ MJ−1). The importance of coupling laboratory-scale experimental results with scale-up modeling and economic analysis has thus been demonstrated for practical feasibility studies of the SCW pyrolysis for bio-oil production.
- Published
- 2022
22. The Influence of Temperature and Dolomite Addition on the Drying Kinetics of Sugar Beet Pulp (Beta Vulgaris L.)
- Author
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Installations for Agriculture, Vasile Miclaus, Simion Dragan, Elena-Mihaela Nagy, Adina Ghirişan, N. Cioica, and Constantin Coţa
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biology ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,Kinetics ,Dolomite ,engineering ,Sugar beet ,General Chemistry ,Food science ,engineering.material ,Beta (finance) ,biology.organism_classification - Published
- 2018
23. A comprehensive evaluation of heavy metals removal from battery industry wastewaters by applying bio-residue, mineral and commercial adsorbent materials
- Author
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Fernando Rodolfo Espinoza-Quiñones, Carlos Eduardo Borba, Alexander Dimitrov Kroumov, Aparecido Nivaldo Módenes, Melissa Gurgel Adeodato Vieira, Caroline Ribeiro, and Fabiano Bisinella Scheufele
- Subjects
Materials science ,Ion exchange ,Mechanical Engineering ,Dolomite ,Fluorescence spectrometry ,Heavy metals ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Residue (chemistry) ,Adsorption ,Mechanics of Materials ,General Materials Science ,Leaching (metallurgy) ,0210 nano-technology ,Effluent ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
We present a feasibility study of different adsorbent materials, namely residual fish scales biosorbent (FS), mineral dolomite (DL) and commercial resin (CR) in the heavy metals removal in multicomponent solution based on the properties of a real effluent from automotive battery recycling industry. Considering the effluent complex characteristics, the materials were assessed aiming to provide not only the heavy metals removal, but also the effluent neutralization and lower sludge generation. For this, all the studied materials were physicochemically and morphologically characterized with the aim of understanding the mechanisms involved in the process. Further, the elemental compositions of the solid and liquid phases generated from each treatment process were assessed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The effluent presented highly acidic characteristics and heavy metals above the legislated limits for discharge (Fe, Zn and Pb). Each adsorbent material followed different mechanisms which led to dissimilar removal and neutralization capacities. The CR showed remarkable heavy metals removal capacity governed by an ion exchange mechanism; conversely, it did not show a neutralization effect. In contrast, FS and DL presented lower removal capacities by complex simultaneous phenomena (ion exchange, precipitation and/or complexation), but a great neutralization potential related to leaching of alkaline constituents. When sludge generation is considered as a key factor, mitigation and enhancement of treated effluent quality could alternatively be addressed by employing the materials in hybrid processes. Hence, the associated use of such materials could be viable yet very challenging for both neutralization and removal of heavy metals from the battery effluent.
- Published
- 2018
24. Using dolomitic limestone to replace conventional alkalinization in the biodigestion of rapid acidification cassava processing wastewater
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Ketllin Zanella da Conceição, Lucas Tadeu Fuess, Simone Damasceno Gomes, Maria Hermínia Ferreira Tavares, Marney Pascoli Cereda, Adriana Neres de Lima-Model, and Denise Palma
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Nutrient cycle ,Waste management ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,Strategy and Management ,Biofertilizer ,Dolomite ,Alkalinity ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Anaerobic digestion ,chemistry ,Wastewater ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,engineering ,Organic matter ,Fertilizer ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of rapid acidification wastewaters (RAW) in high-rate reactors is highly dependent on properly controlling the buffer capacity of systems, which is usually done by dosing alkalizing/alkali compounds. Although reliable, this strategy does not ensure complete effectiveness, depending on the chemical used, also affecting negatively the economic performance of the treatment plants. The aim of this study was to assess an alternative approach to conventional alkalizination in the AD of RAW by using dolomitic limestone as the alkalizing agent in single-phase continuous systems fed with cassava processing wastewater (CPWW). Two different amounts of limestone were used in horizontal-flow reactors subjected to increasing organic loading rates (OLRs). The effects of dolomite on the specific methanogenic activity (SMA) of the methanogenic sludge, as well as the fertilizer potential of the treated CPWW were also assessed. Limestone supplementation positively affected the SMA of the sludge by increasing methane production and decreasing the lag phase. Limestone also proved to be an adequate alkalizing agent for the horizontal-flow systems, continuously providing the systems with bicarbonate alkalinity at relatively high OLRs (up to 8.5 kg COD m−3 d−1), even during organic overloading periods. The availability of specific inorganic constituents, primarily K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, also confirmed the biofertilizer potential of the treated CPWW, although higher organic matter removal levels would still be required for safer nutrient cycling.
- Published
- 2018
25. Multi-Mode Imaging of Ambient Background Noise for Karst Detection in the Limestone Area Based on Frequency-Bessel Transform.
- Author
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Chen, Song, Liu, Daohan, Cheng, Fei, and Xu, Junjie
- Subjects
KARST ,LIMESTONE ,GEOPHYSICAL prospecting ,MICROSEISMS ,RAYLEIGH waves ,GEOLOGICAL modeling ,HOUGH transforms ,DOLOMITE - Abstract
In response to the challenges of karst geophysical exploration in an environment with strong external interference, this paper proposes a new method, namely the frequency-Bessel transform method, for extracting multi-order dispersion curves of surface waves from background noise to characterize karst. The observation noise data of the Wuhan karst development area are used as an example, where the dolomitic limestone and limestone mixed with dolomite of the Jialing River Formation of the middle lower Triassic are widely developed in the observation area. The frequency-Bessel transform method involves performing a Bessel integral transformation on the cross-correlation coefficient of background noise in the frequency domain. Firstly, by synthesizing theoretical noise data and comparing it with the spatial autocorrelation method—which is currently the main method for extracting the fundamental dispersion curve of surface waves—it is verified that the frequency-Bessel transform method can extract the higher-mode dispersion curve. Then, by taking the actual measured single-point noise data as an example, the effect of applying the frequency-Bessel transform to the actual noise data is tested, and the inversion of the fine structure of the strata by the addition of higher-mode dispersion, the use of the damped least squares inversion method, and the joint inversion of fundamental and higher-mode dispersion curves are analyzed. The higher-mode dispersion curve of Rayleigh surface wave extracted by the frequency-Bessel transform is much clearer, and the 2D shear wave velocity structure profile obtained from inversion explains the karst development area, karst strip area, and thickness of the Quaternary overburden. The inferred results match with the actual borehole data. Multi-mode imaging of background noise based on the frequency-Bessel method can be applied to depict karst in complex backgrounds, and has significant potentiality in the field of ambient seismic noise tomography, providing a new idea and method for karst detection in near-surface engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Research and application of acid fracturing stimulation mechanism in ultra-deep subsalt dolomite reservoir in Tarim Basin.
- Author
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Liu, Jiangyu, Zhao, Jinming, Qin, Shiyong, Zhang, Nanlin, Ren, Dengfeng, Luo, Zhifeng, and Xie, Yaozeng
- Subjects
DOLOMITE ,CARBONATE reservoirs ,CARBONATE rocks ,GAS reservoirs ,FRACTURING fluids ,PETROLEUM reservoirs ,GAS condensate reservoirs - Abstract
Deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs are the focus of exploration and development in future. However, the problems of high pressures in the treatment process, a limited effective etching distance of acid, great acid leak-off, and poor adaptability of the acid system are encountered in this type of oil and gas reservoir. The mechanism of acid fracturing stimulation under different processes and parameters is not clear. Aiming at these issues, the treatment schemes, process optimization, parameter optimization, and liquid system screening are studied in this paper, try to clarify the acid fracturing stimulation mechanism, and the following conclusions are drawn: The acid network fracturing could activate natural fracture to generate a complex fracture network to the greatest extent, and thereby a high output could be achieved; By using of weighted fracturing fluid, the wellhead injection pressure, as well as the performance of equipment required, could be effectively reduced; With 20% gelling acid and 20% retarded acid system, the non-uniform etching could be realized to improve the effective etching distance of acid liquid. The conclusions in this paper shed light on the acid fracturing treatment of deep and ultra-deep carbonate rocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Lime soil conditioner based on soda production sludge for reclamation of industry-disturbed soils in the impact zone of an oil refinery
- Author
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Elena Vasilievna Kalinina and L.V. Rudakova
- Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350 ,Azotobacter ,biology ,Soil test ,Dolomite ,Oil refinery ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Soil conditioner ,Land reclamation ,Soil water ,engineering ,Environmental science ,021108 energy ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Lime - Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study on the use of soda production sludge (SPS) as a lime soil conditioner. SPS with a less than 0.1 mm fraction is the most suitable in terms of physical, chemical, and toxicological properties and meets the requirements of GOST-14050-93 «Limestone (dolomite) dust. Specifications» on the content of the active substance, the mass fraction of calcium and magnesium carbonates. Reclamative properties of SPS were studied on soil samples taken in the territory removed from the sanitary protection zone of the oil refinery. It was found that all soil samples have a phytotoxic effect on pea seedlings. The introduction of SPS in amount of 1-3 g per kg of soil stimulates the development of the ground part and roots of oats and peas, and also increases the germination energy of oat and pea seeds in the initial soil samples by 2÷10 times. The introduction of SPS into the samples of the studied soils at a dose of 1-3 g/kg stimulates the development of colonies of Azotobacter bacteria and leads to an increase in the total number of soil microorganisms. The introduction of SPS in an amount of 3 g per kilo of soil leads to a slight increase in the environment reaction and an increase in the content of water-soluble salts in the soil up to 2 times. In view of this, it is necessary to control that the content of water-soluble salts does not exceed the established standards. Based on the results obtained, we consider it expedient to use soda production sludge as a lime soil conditioner and for the reclamation of industry-disturbed soils.
- Published
- 2020
28. Activation of sub-bituminous coal with dolomite to improve chemical properties and palm oil growth on ultisols
- Author
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I. Darfis, T. B. Prasetyo, R. Ryswaldi, A. Maulana, Luchman Hakim, and H. Herviyanti
- Subjects
Dolomite ,Palm oil ,Environmental science ,Sub-bituminous coal ,Ultisol ,Pulp and paper industry - Abstract
Sub-bituminous coal [SC] activation with dolomite is the future technology in utilizing coal as an alternative organic material [Humic Substance]. This study aims to study the effect of SC activated with dolomite in improving the chemical properties of Ultisols and palm oil growth at the main-nursery stage [Elaeis guineensis Jacq.] In Dharmasraya. The experimental design was in Randomized Completely Block Design with three replications consisting of 6 treatments : A = 150g SC planting hole−1; B = 300g SC planting hole−1; C = 450g SC planting hole−1; D = 150g SC + 10% [15g] dolomite planting hole−1; E = 300g + 10% [30g] dolomite planting hole−1 and F = 450g SC + 10% [45g] dolomite planting hole−1. The results showed that the effect of activation on SC differs from those treatments without activation with dolomite. Effect of 450g SC activated with dolomite planting hole−1 is significant on the chemical properties of Ultisols, such as increasing in pH, available P, organic C, total N, CEC [Cation exchange capacity], and K, Ca, Exch-Mg, by 0.44 units, 1.33 ppm P, 0.44% C, 0.04% N, 0.25, 0.27, and 0.29 cmolckg−1, compared to 450g SC without activator and an increase in palm oil growth on height [12.33cm], stem diameter [0.84cm] and N, P, and K nutrient concentration from leaf of plant [0.014% N, 0.004% P, 0.002% K], compared to 450g SC without activator.
- Published
- 2021
29. Efficient phosphate removal from contaminated water using functional raw dolomite powder
- Author
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George M. Ayoub, Houri Kalinian, and Ramez M. Zayyat
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,General Chemical Engineering ,Dolomite ,General Engineering ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Salt (chemistry) ,Phosphate ,Pulp and paper industry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,chemistry ,Wastewater ,Fluidized bed ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Materials Science ,Particle size ,Eutrophication ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Phosphate, when present in water, forms one of the basic nutrients that lead to eutrophication and its associated negative impacts. The use of raw dolomite powder as an adsorbent was found to be very effective in the removal of phosphates from various waters and wastewater matrices. Ayoub and Kalinian (Water Environ Fed 78:353–361, 2006) reported phosphate removals, amounting to 100%, over more than 300 bed volumes at inflow concentrations between 0.30 and 0.40 mg/L. This marked achievement led to the present study with the objective of defining the effects of the various parameters involved in the process and determining the optimal operating condition to achieve effective and sustainable removal efficiencies. Experimental work was conducted by passing three types of influent water and two types of wastewater jacked with a phosphate salt (KH2PO4) through a fluidized column bed of dolomite powder, where the effect of various parameters, including system operation mode, adsorbent particle size, rate of flow through the bed (contact time), initial phosphate concentration, influent pH, and the presence of competing anionic solutes on the adsorption of phosphate was evaluated. The results asserted that the most effective mode of operation for the system was the fluidized bed configuration. Results further showed that the smaller-sized dolomite powder (
- Published
- 2019
30. Lab-scale study of passive treatment to treat acidic mine effluent by using limestone and dolomite
- Author
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Abdullah Hussin, Nur Amirah Nabilah Ali Khan, Norinsafrina Mustaffa Kamal, and Kori Mohammad
- Subjects
Ph level ,Dolomite ,Lab scale ,Alkalinity ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Manganese ,Passive Treatment ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,chemistry ,Iron ore ,engineering ,Environmental science ,Effluent - Abstract
Limestone and dolomite were used to treat acidic mine effluent in a lab scale study of a passive treatment. This study focused on improving pH level and reducing heavy metals concentrations of the mine effluent. Both limestone and dolomite with aggregate sizes of 10-20 mm and 30-50 mm were packed in a 40 L tank filled with acidic mine effluent. The mine effluent was sampled from an active iron ore mine in Bukit Besi, Terengganu. The experiments lasted for 10 days and the mine effluent samples were collected to measure pH, alkalinity and heavy metal concentrations at various retention time. Experimental results revealed that the limestone had shown a better performance compared to the dolomite in increasing pH and reducing metals concentrations of the mine effluent. Most heavy metals were able to be reduced successfully with only manganese (Mn) had shown a poor reduction.
- Published
- 2019
31. Fast decomposition of food waste to produce mature and stable compost
- Author
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Ika Bagus Priyambada and Irawan Wisnu Wardana
- Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350 ,decomposition ,Compost ,Microorganism ,Dolomite ,fungi ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,compost maturity ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,equipment and supplies ,fast biodegradation ,Decomposition ,complex mixtures ,lcsh:Environmental engineering ,Food waste ,Odor ,food waste ,compost stability ,engineering ,Environmental science ,lcsh:TA170-171 ,Water content ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,Lime - Abstract
Food waste can be meat, fish, cooked food scraps, moldy bread, bone scraps, cakes, expired foods, dairy products, fruits and vegetables. Food waste which is put into the trash will decay and produce a foul odor which in turn will invite flies and cause potentially diseases. Most of the food waste that is processed using the composting process needs to spend a relatively long time, which is about 1-3 months or even 6-12 months. This study aims to accelerate composting time through the addition of additive microorganisms in various quantities. Four aerobic composter reactors were utilized in this study. Variations of additive microorganisms added to the research object were 0 in reactor (control), 8 g in B2 reactor, 16 g in B3 reactor, and 32 g in B4 reactor. All reactors were added with dolomite lime. During the composting process temperature, pH, water content and macroelement were tested. The results showed that the mature and stable compost was reached on the seventh day and produced from B2 reactor. In That reactor treated food waste and additive microorganisms with a ratio of 7:3, and 1 g dolomite lime. The level of C/N ratio produced from B2 reactor was 16.71. The value of C/N ratio was better than B3 reactor which produced C/N of 18.37. The control reactor produced a C/N ratio of 21.84 and mature and stable compost was reached on the 14th day. All in all, this study was regarded to be successful in accelerating the degradation of food waste into mature and stable compost in just seven days.
- Published
- 2018
32. EFFECT OF NITRATE ACID TREATED DOLOMITE ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ULTRA-HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE (UHMWPE) COMPOSITES.
- Author
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ABDULLAH, S. F. A., SALEH, S. S. MD, MOHAMMAD, N. F., MAHAMUD, S. N. SYED, OMAR, M. F., AKIL, H. MD, CHANG, B. P., SALIU, H. R., ROSTAM, N. H., and GONDRO, J.
- Subjects
DOLOMITE ,CALCIUM hydroxide ,MOLECULAR weights ,DIAMMONIUM phosphate ,SUPERPHOSPHATES ,POLYETHYLENE - Abstract
Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) polymers have been used in biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility, durability, toughness and high wear resistance. To enhance the mechanical properties, various types of minerals are commonly utilized as fillers in UHMWPE. One of the minerals is dolomite, which has been recognized as a valuable mineral with versatile applications, particularly in the field of biomedical applications. This paper presents the tensile properties of UHMWPE composites that filled with dolomite and treated-dolomite at various filler loading (i.e., 1-5 wt.%). Nitric acid and diammonium phosphate were used to treat the dolomite. From the results, the peaks of the FTIR spectrum displays carbonate (CO
3 -2 ), phosphate (PO4 -3 ) and hydroxyl (OH- ) groups in the ct-dolomite powder sample while the XRD pattern reveals that using dolomite treated with 1M nitric acid resulted in the presence of calcium hydroxide phosphate (Ca10 (PO4 )5 (OH)) and MgO. For tensile strength, UHMWPE/ct-dolomite composites show better tensile strength than the pure UHMWPE composites. Treated improve the dolomite filler and resulted in significantly better matrix-filler interfacial interactions and improve the properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Estimation of the Transverse Wave Velocity in Siliceous Carbonate Reservoirs of the Dengying Formation in the Gaoshiti–Moxi Area, Sichuan Basin, China.
- Author
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Xue, Lian, Zhu, Zhengping, Weng, Xuebo, Pan, Renfang, and Shi, Jinxiong
- Subjects
SHEAR waves ,PETROPHYSICS ,CARBONATE reservoirs ,DOLOMITE ,DISCRETE element method ,CARBONATE minerals ,VELOCITY ,QUARTZ crystals - Abstract
Siliceous minerals of the Dengying Formation in the Gaoshiti–Moxi area in the central Sichuan Basin exhibit four types of quartz crystals (cryptocrystalline quartz, chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz, and megacrystalline quartz) and three structural types: cryptocrystalline, microcrystalline, and mosaic (laminated mosaic, window-hole interrupted mosaic, and arc-laminated mosaic). Siliceous minerals have a great influence on the storage performance of the reservoirs in the Dengying Formation. According to the petrophysical parameters of the Dengying Formation and porosity intersection diagrams, the siliceous dolomite and the reservoirs have low impedance characteristics, which makes it difficult to distinguish between them and leads to difficulties in the characterization and prediction of the reservoirs. The transverse wave velocity is favorable for reservoir characterization. Currently, the main method used to estimate the transverse wave velocity is petrophysical modeling, which establishes a relationship between the elastic and physical parameters of the reservoir. In this paper, the siliceous minerals in the dolomite in the study area are regarded as solid inclusions, and the calculation method of the rock matrix modulus is improved by using solid replacement. Then, an improved petrophysical model is constructed by combining the KT (Kuster–Toksöz) model, the DEM (Discrete Element Method) model, the Gassmann equation, and the Wood equation. The transverse wave velocity is estimated using the improved model under the constraint of the longitudinal wave velocity. The shapes of the transverse wave velocity curves obtained by the improved model and the deviations from the measured velocities are significantly better than those of the Xu–Payne model and other models. The results show that the improved model can effectively estimate the transverse wave velocity of the reservoir in this area, which provides a basis for future reservoir predictions in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Enhanced Flotation of Dolomite Particles by Grinding with Short Cylindrical Media.
- Author
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Ren, Shuai, Wang, Cong, Gao, Zhiyong, and Xu, Shihong
- Subjects
DOLOMITE ,FLOTATION ,DISCRETE element method ,DISSOLVED air flotation (Water purification) ,CRYSTAL surfaces ,PARTICLE size distribution - Abstract
In the field of mineral processing, the successful flotation of target minerals requires sufficient liberation through grinding. The aim of this paper is to compare and evaluate the performance of ball versus short cylindrical media for comminution of dolomite by point and line contact, respectively. The results of the grinding experiments indicate that short cylinders generate more angular particles with intermediate sizes and exhibit a higher grinding efficiency compared to balls. The Population Balance Model demonstrates the distribution of broken fragment sizes during the breaking stage for each size range. The results of the DEM (discrete element method) grinding simulation are consistent with the experimental findings in terms of the distribution of particle sizes, the shape of the particles, and the distribution of broken fragment sizes. Furthermore, short cylinders selectively produce more active {104} crystal surface of dolomite, which possess a higher adsorption capacity with collectors and are preferentially floated as the concentrate. In reverse flotation for removal of dolomite, tests confirm that the products obtained from grinding with short cylinders exhibit a higher flotation recovery of dolomite compared to those obtained from ball grinding. This study provides a reference scheme for optimizing the grinding and flotation processes of valuable minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The Flotation Separation Mechanism of Smithsonite from Calcite and Dolomite with Combined Collectors.
- Author
-
Chen, Xiangxiang, Bai, Junzhi, Zhang, Zhaoyang, Qiang, Wen, Huang, Shiyi, Ouyang, Yunfei, Liu, Tianhao, and Yin, Wanzhong
- Subjects
DOLOMITE ,CALCITE ,CARBONATE minerals ,FLOTATION ,FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy ,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy - Abstract
Smithsonite, dolomite, and calcite are carbonate minerals. The crystal structures and spatial distribution characteristics of their common surface metal sites are similar, leading to difficulty in the flotation separation of smithsonite from these carbonate gangues. In this paper, the floatability of smithsonite, dolomite, and calcite in sodium oleate, salicylhydroxamic acid, and their combined-collector system were systematically studied through single-mineral flotation tests, respectively. The results showed that it was difficult to obtain a noticeable recovery difference between smithsonite–calcite and smithsonite–dolomite in a single-collector system of sodium oleate and salicylhydroxamic acid, both at the same time. In the combined-collector system of salicylhydroxamic acid and sodium oleate with total dosage of 6 × 10
−4 mol/L, molar ratio of 3:1, and pH of 8.0, the recovery difference of smithsonite–calcite and smithsonite–dolomite could reach the highest values of 38.46% and 37.98%, respectively, while obtaining the highest smithsonite recovery of 88.19%. The adsorption mechanism of the combined collectors was investigated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a collector adsorption test, and zeta potential measurements, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Renewable hydrogen production from biogas by sorption enhanced steam reforming (SESR): A parametric study
- Author
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Roberto García, Covadonga Pevida, Fernando Rubiera, María Victoria Gil, De Chen, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Principado de Asturias, Gil Matellanes, María Victoria, Rubiera González, Fernando, Pevida García, Covadonga, Gil Matellanes, María Victoria [0000-0002-2258-3011], Rubiera González, Fernando [0000-0003-0385-1102], and Pevida García, Covadonga [0000-0002-4662-8448]
- Subjects
Materials science ,Sorbent ,020209 energy ,Biogas ,02 engineering and technology ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Steam reforming ,020401 chemical engineering ,Catalytic reforming ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Hydrogen production ,Mechanical Engineering ,Pd/Ni–Co catalyst ,Sorption ,Building and Construction ,Dolomite ,Sorption enhanced steam reforming ,Pulp and paper industry ,Pollution ,General Energy ,Fluidized bed ,Hydrogen ,Space velocity - Abstract
H2 production from biogas (60%CH4 + 40%CO2) by sorption enhanced steam reforming (SESR) was thermodynamically and experimentally studied in a fluidized bed reactor. Biogas is an interesting renewable biomass resource for hydrogen production due to its sustainable nature. SESR combines the catalytic reforming reaction of biogas with simultaneous CO2 removal in a single step. A Pd/Ni–Co hydrotalcite-like material (HT) was used as catalyst and dolomite as CO2 sorbent. The effects of temperature (550–800 °C), steam/CH4 molar ratio (2–6) and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) (492–3937 mL CH4 gcat−1 h−1) on the process performance were evaluated. CO2 in biogas was effectively removed by the sorbent from the gas phase at 550–700 °C, without influencing the reforming process. H2 yield increased with temperature from 550 to 650 °C, but H2 concentration decreased at temperatures higher than 600 °C, requiring a tradeoff between both parameters to select an optimum operating temperature. H2 purity of 98.4 vol% was obtained at 550–600 °C and H2 yield of 92.7% was reached at 650 °C. Higher steam/CH4 ratios enhance the process, whereas higher space velocities decrease H2 yield. Results demonstrate that high-purity high-yield biohydrogen can be produced by the SESR of a renewable biomass resource as biogas., The authors thank Franefoss Miljøkalk A/S (Norway) for supplying Arctic dolomite. This work was carried out with financial support from the Spanish MICINN (Project ENE2017-83530-R) and from the Gobierno del Principado de Asturias (PCTI, Ref. IDI/2018/000115), both co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). M.V. Gil acknowledges support from a Ramón y Cajal grant (RYC-2017-21937) of the Spanish Government, co-financed by the European Social Fund (ESF).
- Published
- 2021
37. UNCONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUE USED TO MANUFACTURE POROUS HIGH-STRENGTH GLASS FOAM.
- Author
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PAUNESCU, LUCIAN, AXINTE, SORIN MIRCEA, DRAGOESCU, MARIUS FLORIN, PAUNESCU, BOGDAN VALENTIN, and COSMULESCU, FELICIA
- Subjects
CELLULAR glass ,GLASS waste ,SURFACE active agents ,RAW materials ,MANUFACTURING processes ,THERMAL insulation - Abstract
The paper presents experimental results obtained in the manufacturing process of porous high-strength glass foam for thermal insulation in buildings made of glass waste and kaolin clay as raw materials and dolomite as a foaming agent. The paper’s originality is the use of the unconventional microwave heating technique. The best product manufactured by this technique was that sintered at 1050 ºC using 18 wt.% kaolin clay and 3.5 wt.% dolomite. The product characteristics were: the apparent density of 0.66 g·cm-3, the thermal conductivity of 0.155 W/m·K, the compressive strength of 5.3 MPa and a microstructural homogeneity with pore size between 0.20-0.50 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Key Technologies for the Efficient Development of Thick and Complex Carbonate Reservoirs in the Middle East.
- Author
-
Tong, Kaijun, He, Juan, Chen, Peiyuan, Li, Changyong, Dai, Weihua, Sun, Futing, Tong, Yi, Rao, Su, and Wang, Jing
- Subjects
SEISMIC wave velocity ,SHEAR waves ,DOLOMITE ,SERVICE contracts ,CONTRACTING out ,CARBONATE reservoirs - Abstract
In order to enhance the development efficiency of thick and complex carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East, a case study was conducted on M oilfield in Iraq. This study focused on reservoir characterization, injection-production modes, well pattern optimization, and other related topics. As a result, key techniques for the high-efficiency development of thick carbonate reservoirs were established. The research findings include the following: (1) the discovery of hidden "low-velocity" features within the thick gypsum-salt layer, which led to the development of a new seismic velocity model; (2) the differential dissolution of grain-supported limestones is controlled by lithofacies and petrophysical properties, resulting in the occurrence of "porphyritic" phenomena in core sections. The genetic mechanism responsible for reversing petrophysical properties in dolostones is attributed to "big hole filling and small hole preservation" caused by dense brine refluxing; (3) fracture evaluation technology based on anisotropy and dipole shear wave long-distance imaging was developed to address challenges associated with quantitatively assessing micro-fractures; (4) through large-scale three-dimensional physical models and numerical simulations, it was revealed that water–oil displacement mechanisms involving "horizontal breakthrough via hyper-permeability" combined with vertical differentiation due to gravity occur in thick and heterogeneous reservoirs under spatial injection-production modes; (5) a relationship model linking economic profit with well pattern density was established for technical service contracts in the Middle East. Additionally, an innovative stepwise conversion composite well patterns approach was introduced for thick reservoirs to meet production ramp-up requirements while delaying water cut rise; (6) a prediction technology for the oilfield development index, considering asphaltene precipitation, has been successfully developed. These research findings provide robust support for the efficient development of the M oilfield in Iraq, while also serving as a valuable reference for similar reservoirs' development in the Middle East. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. A new approach to removing and recovering phosphorus from livestock wastewater using dolomite
- Author
-
You Feng, Lei Li, Qingfeng Chen, Jinye Li, Changsheng Zhao, Ying Fu, and Zhichao Yin
- Subjects
Calcium Phosphates ,Farms ,Livestock ,Environmental Engineering ,Struvite ,Swine ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Dolomite ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Wastewater ,010501 environmental sciences ,Calcium ,01 natural sciences ,Calcium Carbonate ,Water Purification ,law.invention ,law ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,Magnesium ,Amorphous calcium phosphate ,Crystallization ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Phosphorus ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Pulp and paper industry ,Pollution ,020801 environmental engineering ,chemistry ,Reagent ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
Recovering phosphorus from livestock wastewater could partly mitigate the global phosphorus resource crisis. Crystallization is a promising method for removing phosphorus from wastewater, but the costs of calcium- and magnesium-containing reagents are increasing. Cheap, available, efficient materials are required to replace conventional calcium and magnesium reagents. Here, we describe a new approach to removing and recovering phosphorus from livestock wastewater of a large pig farm, containing a high phosphorus concentration. The effects of the pH, stirring speed, stirring time, and extract dose (containing calcium and magnesium) on phosphorus removal from livestock wastewater were investigated. The product was characterized by X-ray diffractometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Under optimized conditions (pH 9.0, stirring speed 200 r/m, stirring time 600 s, Ca 207.62 mg/L, Mg 122.86 mg/L), 92% of the phosphorus was removed from livestock wastewater. The product was mainly the hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH) precursor amorphous calcium phosphate but also contained 1.65% (by mass) magnesium ammonium phosphate (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) crystals. The cost of dolomite to treat 1 m3 of high-phosphorus wastewater was 0.20 yuan (45.9%, 25.9%, and 75.9% lower than for pure MgCl2, MgSO4, and CaCl2, respectively) in 2019. Using dolomite to provide calcium and magnesium effectively decreases the crystallization process cost and should encourage the use of crystallization to remove phosphorus from wastewater.
- Published
- 2020
40. Influence of pyrolysis temperature and feedstock on the properties of biochars produced from agricultural and industrial wastes
- Author
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Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo Melo, Igor Rodrigues de Assis, José Ferreira Lustosa Filho, Teógenes Senna de Oliveira, and José Alexander Rodriguez
- Subjects
Materials science ,Sylvite ,020209 energy ,Dolomite ,02 engineering and technology ,Raw material ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,Manure ,Analytical Chemistry ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,Biochar ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,Pyrolysis ,Poultry litter - Abstract
Pyrolysis of waste materials aiming to produce biochar has been considered as an effective strategy to add value and to recycle such materials. The properties of the produced biochars depends on pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type, for example. Some waste materials have been still poorly studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in physicochemical characteristics, mineral composition, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of biochars derived from agricultural and industrial wastes produced by different pyrolysis temperatures and feedstocks. Two agricultural solid wastes (poultry litter - PL and swine manure - SM) and three industrial wastes (construction wood - CW, tire - TR and PVC plastic - PVC) were pyrolyzed at five temperatures (300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 °C) in an oxygen-limited environment at a heating rate of 10 °C min−1 for one hour. Increased pyrolysis temperature reduced the yield of solids and volatile compounds and increased pH in water and Ksoluble in all studied biochars. Nevertheless, the temperature caused no significant changes in electrical conductivity, water-soluble nutrients and total elements, and CEC, in the industrial wastes (CW, TR and PVC). The XRD patterns revealed similarities in mineral formation among the studied biochars, including quartz, sylvite, calcite and dolomite. Data of FTIR spectra evidenced the presence of aromatic and aliphatic functional groups. The results obtained enable the design of biochars for a desired purpose, which might be solutions for agronomic and environmental issues, taking into account the effects of pyrolysis temperature and the type of waste to be processed.
- Published
- 2020
41. Editorial for the Special Issue "Mineralogical, Geological and Geochemical Heterogeneities of Carbonate Reservoirs".
- Author
-
Tavakoli, Vahid and Mehrabi, Hamzeh
- Subjects
CARBONATE reservoirs ,DOLOMITE ,HETEROGENEITY ,CARBONATES ,CARBONATE rocks ,ENHANCED oil recovery ,PARAGENESIS - Abstract
This document is an editorial for a special issue of the journal Minerals, focusing on the heterogeneities of carbonate reservoirs. The editorial emphasizes the importance of understanding these heterogeneities for optimizing exploration and production strategies, as they influence fluid flow behavior and the recoverable reserves within the reservoir. The editorial also highlights the need for further research to explore the implications of heterogeneities at a broader scale and recommends the use of advanced technologies and multidisciplinary approaches. The document provides a summary of five papers included in the special issue, which cover topics such as the genetic mechanism of dolomite reservoirs, diagenetic alterations in the Chiltan Formation, the formation mechanism of dolomite-mottled limestone reservoirs, characteristics of crystalline dolomites in the Sanshanzi Formation, and facies variations in the Sarvak Formation. The research presented in this special issue contributes to our understanding of ancient carbonate platforms and dolomite reservoirs and provides a framework for future studies in oil and gas exploration. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Using Waste Vermiculite and Dolomite as Eco-Friendly Additives for Improving the Performance of Porous Concrete
- Author
-
Saeed Farzin, Sayed-Farhad Mousavi, Armin Azad, and Hojat Karami
- Subjects
Materials science ,Dolomite ,Pervious concrete ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,General Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,Vermiculite ,Pulp and paper industry ,Environmentally friendly ,Permeability (earth sciences) ,Compressive strength ,Adsorption ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,021105 building & construction ,engineering ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,Lime - Abstract
The present study investigated the applicability of waste vermiculite and dolomite as fine aggregate, known as appropriate mineral adsorbents to enhance the quality of urban runoff, for improving the mechanical properties of porous concrete. 180 samples were mixed by adding 5-30% vermiculite and dolomite, as fine aggregate, and combining them with ordinary sand; lime sand (combining of 5-15% of each). Results showed that although adding dolomite culminated in a minor reduction of permeability– average of about 30%-, the average of compressive strength was augmented by 120%. Results of compressive strength of dolomite samples were repeated in mixtures containing vermiculite (an increase of 57%). While exploiting vermiculite in high percentages (20, 25, and 30) resulted in an extensive decrease in the permeability (94%), it was improved to an acceptable level (about 40%) after using vermiculite in combination with ordinary sand (lime sand). All dolomite and improved vermiculite mixtures, after combining vermiculite with ordinary sand, had appropriate performance in draining storm-urban runoff; such that in the weakest case, stimulated storm runoffs with heights of 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm were completely drained only after 17, 36, 59 and 87 seconds, respectively. Also, using vermiculite resulted in reducing the concrete weight (about 100 kg). Generally, although a little reduction in the permeability was seen, but using waste vermiculite and dolomite improved the mechanical properties of porous concrete significantly.
- Published
- 2018
43. Sustainable Hydrogen Production Options From Food Wastes
- Author
-
Tugba Keskin Gundogdu, Nuri Azbar, Gozde Duman, Koray Akarsu, Alper Yilmazer, and Jale Yanik
- Subjects
food.ingredient ,Materials science ,Hydrogen ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,Dolomite ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Biomass ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Pulp and paper industry ,Solid fuel ,Catalysis ,Hydrothermal carbonization ,Fuel Technology ,food ,chemistry ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,Trona ,Hydrogen production - Abstract
In this study, two thermochemical processes, namely steam gasification and supercritical water gasification (SCWG), were comparatively studied to produce hydrogen from food wastes containing about 90% water. The SCWG experiments were performed at 400 and 450 degrees C in presence of catalyst (Trona, K2CO3 and seaweed ash). The maximum hydrogen yield was obtained at 450 degrees C in presence of K2CO3 catalyst. In second process, hydrothermal carbonization was used to convert food wastes into a high-quality solid fuel (hydrochar) that was further gasified in a dual-bed reactor in presence of steam. The steam gasification of hydrochar was carried out with and without catalysts (iron-ceria catalyst and dolomite). The maximum hydrogen yield obtained from steam gasification process was 28.08 mmol/g dry waste, about 7.7 times of that from SCWG. This study proposed a new concept for hydrogen production from wet biomass, combination of hydrothermal carbonization following steam gasification. (C) 2018 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2018
44. Concrete Modification for Hot Weather Using Crushed Dolomite Stone.
- Author
-
Samchenko, Svetlana V., Larsen, Oksana A., Kozlova, Irina V., Alpackiy, Dmitriy G., and Alobaidi, Dheyaa A. N.
- Subjects
HOT weather conditions ,CRUSHED stone ,WEATHER control ,PORTLAND cement ,DOLOMITE ,CRACKING of concrete ,IMPACT (Mechanics) - Abstract
Crushed dolomite stone can be used as a part of concrete for hot weather. Fine dolomite as a filler is not commonly included in Portland cement. In this paper, the properties of a blended binder based on Portland cement and dolomite filler are presented. Dolomite filler was obtained from dust grains by mechanical activation in a laboratory ball mill to increase the specific surface area and its chemical activity. It is shown that the impact of mechanical activation allows to obtain dolomite filler with a median particle size of 1.4 μm and a specific surface area of 639.9 m
2 /kg. The content of dolomite filler in Portland cement was 10, 30 and 50%. The main properties of blended cements, i.e., the standard consistency, setting time, compressive strength, average density, and drying shrinkage, were determined on pastes. The mineralogical composition of the hydrated pastes was determined by XRD at 28 days. The presence of dolomite filler at levels higher than 10% decreases the compressive strength of blended cements. The dolomite filler decreases the water demand, shortens the setting time, and mitigates the development of drying shrinkage in the blended binder. To prevent concrete cracking, the application of dolomite filler in blended cement is relevant in hot weather due to its reduced drying shrinkage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. A Laboratory for the Integration of Geomatic and Geomechanical Data: The Rock Pinnacle "Campanile di Val Montanaia".
- Author
-
Tavasci, Luca, Lambertini, Alessandro, Donati, Davide, Girelli, Valentina Alena, Lattanzi, Giovanni, Castellaro, Silvia, Gandolfi, Stefano, and Borgatti, Lisa
- Subjects
POINT cloud ,NUMERICAL analysis ,DOLOMITE ,THREE-dimensional modeling - Abstract
This work describes a procedure for building a high-quality 3D model of a rocky pinnacle in the Dolomites, Italy, using Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques. The pinnacle, known as "Campanile di Val Montanaia", is challenging to survey due to its high elevation and sub-vertical cliffs. The construction of the 3D model is the first step in a multi-disciplinary approach to characterize the rock mass and understand its behavior and evolution. This paper discusses the surveying operations, which involved climbing the pinnacle to collect Ground Control Points (GCPs) and using a UAV to capture aerial imagery. The photographs were processed using SfM software to generate point clouds, mesh, and texture, which were then used for rock mass discontinuity mapping. The study compares models of different qualities and point densities to determine the optimal trade-off between processing time and accuracy in terms of discontinuity mapping. The results show that higher quality models allow for more detailed mapping of discontinuities, with some drawbacks due to noise in the case of the densest solution (e.g., increase in frequency of outliers across the point cloud). These pros and cons are also discussed in relation to the computational cost necessary to build the models. The study also examines the limitations and challenges of performing discontinuity mapping in the different models, including subjectivity in interpretation. A further element of interest is the publication of a high-quality 3D georeferenced model of the "Campanile di Val Montanaia" to be used for several potential further applications, such as stability analyses and numerical modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Accurate Petrophysical Interpretation of Carbonate using the Elemental Capture Spectroscopy (ECS).
- Author
-
Alameedy, Usama
- Subjects
CARBONATE rocks ,DOLOMITE ,ROCK properties ,MINERALOGY ,STRATIGRAPHIC correlation ,PETROLOGY ,CALCITE - Abstract
Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Degradation Characteristics and Mechanism of Black Sandy Dolomite with Fluid Added in a Mechanical Test.
- Author
-
Liao, Xin, Xu, Qi, Ling, Sixiang, Tian, Angran, and Tang, Qiang
- Subjects
WATER-rock interaction ,CARBONATE minerals ,DOLOMITE ,FERROUS sulfate ,SCANNING electron microscopes ,SPELEOTHEMS ,PYRITES - Abstract
Sandy dolomite, being a soluble rock, is prone to dissolution and erosion caused by groundwater, leading to the formation of underground caves and fractures. This may result in geological disasters such as ground subsidence and collapse. In this paper, the changes and mechanical properties of black sandy dolomite after hydrochemistry are studied. A semi-immersion test with different concentrations of iron sulfate solution was carried out to simulate the water-rock interaction in different water environments. After that, scanning electron microscope (SEM) results could reflect the dissolution and pore development of rock by the effect of water-rock interaction from the microscopic. Water-rock interaction enlarges cracks in rocks and dissolves pyrite, carbonate minerals, and other components, reducing the cementation between particles. The change in the mechanical properties of black sandy dolomite under water-rock chemical interaction was revealed by uniaxial compression test. The mechanical properties of the samples exhibit varying degrees of deterioration, with strain increased ranging from 4.96 to 29.58%. The brittleness index modified (BIM) values for each sample ranged from 5.20 to 6.20%, all of which are larger than 4.70% in the natural state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Fluid evolution and related fluid–rock interactions of the Oligocene Zhuhai sandstones in the Baiyun Sag, northern margin of the South China Sea.
- Author
-
Tian, Bing, Yuan, Yihan, Tang, Jun, Zuo, Shanshan, Zheng, Youwei, Liu, Ming, and Guo, Cheng
- Subjects
CALCITE ,DOLOMITE ,PORE fluids ,PETROLEUM geology ,CARBONATE minerals ,OLIGOCENE Epoch ,CLASTIC rocks ,CARBON dioxide - Abstract
Pore fluids control the diagenetic processes and storage spaces of deep clastic rock reservoirs and have become a major area of interest within the fields of sedimentology and petroleum geology. This paper aims to relate the diagenetic processes of the Oligocene Zhuhai sandstones in the Baiyun Sag to pore fluids varying with burial depth. The types and distribution patterns of authigenic minerals are investigated through analysis of petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical features to illustrate the origin and flow patterns of pore fluids and their influences on reservoir diagenesis. Strong cementation of eogenetic carbonate cement near the sandstone–mudstone interface was a consequence of material migration from adjacent mudstones on a large scale. The pore fluids were mainly affected by microbial methanogenesis and carbonate mineral dissolution in adjacent mudstones during eogenesis. The pore fluids were diffusively transported in a relatively open geochemical system within a local range. Support for this model is provided by the heavier stable isotopic values present in eogenetic calcite and dolomite. Feldspar dissolution during early mesogenesis was spatially accompanied by the precipitation of authigenic quartz and ferroan carbonate cement. Pore fluids in this period were rich in organic acids and CO2, and their migration mechanism was diffusive transport. The obviously lighter carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of the ferroan calcite support this inference. During late mesogenesis, the input of deep hydrothermal fluid might have been partly responsible for the precipitation of ankerite, barite and authigenic albite. Oil charging may have inhibited carbonate cementation and compaction, accordingly preserving porosity, and together with authigenic kaolinite, might have promoted the transition of the reservoir from water wet to oil wet to the benefit of oil entrapment. The findings reported here shed new light on the evaluation and prediction of sandstone reservoirs that have experienced multiple periods of fluid flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Disconformity-controlled hydrothermal dolomitization and cementation during basin evolution: Upper Triassic carbonates, UAE.
- Author
-
Mansurbeg, H., Alsuwaidi, M., Morad, D., Morad, S., Tiepolo, M., Shahrokhi, S., Al-Aasm, I. S., and Koyi, H.
- Subjects
- *
CALCITE , *DOLOMITE , *STABLE isotope analysis , *CARBONATES , *SEDIMENTARY basins , *PETROLOGY - Abstract
Petrography, fluid-inclusion microthermometry, stable isotope analyses, and radiometric (206Pb/238U) dating of Upper Triassic dolostones, saddle dolomite, and quartz and calcite cements were used to constrain the timing and conditions of dolomitization and cementation in the context of the tectonic evolution of a basin in the northern United Arab Emirates. Dolomitization (ca. 152.4 Ma) and precipitation of saddle dolomite (ca. 146.8 Ma), calcite (ca. 144.6 Ma), and quartz cements are attributed to focused synrifting flow of hot basinal brines into grain-supported limestones in which permeability was enhanced by incursion of meteoric waters beneath a disconformity surface. Another calcite cement generation (ca. 99.7 Ma) was formed by flow of hot brines during tectonic compression related to the obduction of Oman ophiolites in the Late Cretaceous. Thus, this paper provides new insights into (1) stratigraphic controls on and timing of hydrothermal (hot basinal brines) dolomitization, (2) the origin of closely associated intraformational limestones and dolostones, and (3) linkages between diagenesis and thermochemical modifications of basinal brines during tectonic evolution of sedimentary basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Petrological Characteristics and Rock Nomenclature of Sedimentary Bauxite Gas Reservoir: A Case Study of Bauxite in Taiyuan Formation of Ordos Basin.
- Author
-
Liu, Na, Nan, Junxiang, Wang, Xingying, Yang, Yanning, Yin, Peng, and Zhang, Renyan
- Subjects
SEDIMENTARY rocks ,CHLORITE minerals ,GAS reservoirs ,BAUXITE ,NATURAL gas prospecting ,PYRITES ,KAOLINITE ,RUTILE ,DOLOMITE - Abstract
With the great breakthrough in natural gas exploration of Paleozoic Taiyuan formation in Longdong exploratory area in the southwestern part of Ordos Basin, it is urgent to solve the petrological nomenclature of sedimentary bauxite, so as to further study the pore formation mechanism, distribution law, and controlling factors of bauxite reservoirs. In this paper, X-ray diffraction, polarizing microscope, scanning electron microscope, and other methods are used to analyze the mineral composition and structure of bauxite rocks in the study area and give appropriate names. The results show that the sedimentary sequence of bauxite in the study area can be divided into five sections: A, B, C, D, and E. The main mineral components are diaspore (C section content can be more than 90%), illite, kaolinite, and chlorite; accessory mineral include anatase and pyrite; trace components include quartz, feldspar, rutile, hematite, and rock salt; and some of the pores are filled with calcite, siderite, and (iron) dolomite. The rock structure is mainly bedding and massive structure, and some of them have geopetal structure. The texture mainly consists of granular texture, grain (powder crystal) texture, gel texture, and algal bonding texture. Considering the special lithology of section A~C and the lack of existing nomenclature method, based on mineral composition and sedimentary fabric, a triangulation classification nomenclature method is established, which adopts structure+texture as secondary name and the main mineral components diaspore-mud-pyrite of the three end-member mineral components as primary name. It can not only highlight the mineral assemblage characteristics of sedimentary sequence of bauxite but also reflect the lithologic characteristics of reservoir development section and the influencing factors of reservoir formation, effectively reflecting the petrological characteristics of bauxite reservoir. Among them, the diaspore rocks with granular, bean-oolitic, and grain texture are the main lithologies forming the natural gas reservoir space of Taiyuan formation in Longdong area. The naming method is feasible and reliable for sedimentary bauxite rocks, which lays a good foundation for the study of natural gas reservoir, pore formation mechanism, and distribution law in Longdong area, southwest of the basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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