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Copyright of Arqueología Iberoamericana is the property of Arqueologia Iberoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The purpose of this paper is to underline the implications that language endangerment has, not only for the speakers of a specific language, but for the entire world as losing a language involves the disappearance of cultural, spiritual and intellectual knowledge as well as cultural identity. Many indigenous languages in Mexico, for example, have been in danger as Spanish, the dominant language of the country, has put them at a disadvantage. Transitional bilingual education has been used to achieve such a goal. Since this has been the case, some indigenous communities have taken the initiative to work diligently to preserve and promote their native language and culture despite the sociopolitical, economic and educational pressures they face. An example of that is the Mayan Tsotsil community in Chiapas in southern Mexico. This paper offers a summary of the findings of the qualitative research study that was conducted to explore the situation of the Tsotsil language at a Spanish-Indigenous Tsotsil elementary bilingual school in Chiapas. Tsotsil children and their teacher show that it is possible to preserve and promote the Tsotsil language when working together as a community. It is concluded that quality bilingual education and inclusive schools can be great tools that can contribute to have a harmonious and peaceful world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to describe the situations of vulnerability to the possibility of becoming human trafficking victims for both mobile and resident populations in the municipality of Tapachula, Chiapas during October 2018 and July 2019, period in which the first caravans arrived in the border between Tapachula, Mexico and Tecun Uman, Guatemala. This paper is the result of a qualitative research approach that examines the category of vulnerability and the legal framework for human trafficking in Mexico, and it is based on field observation records in institutions dedicated to the protection of migrants and victims of gender-based violence, as well as in interviews with key informants in Chiapas and Mexico City. The main conclusion of this work is that the juncture resulting from the response of the Mexican government to the caravans, the austerity policy enforced by the Mexican government, and the problems derived from an institutional design that operates without adherence to the legal framework and with overwhelmed capacity, led to situations of unprecedented or exacerbated vulnerability for these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a sclerobiont association from the Paso Hondo Formation (Roadian, middle Permian), Chiapas, Mexico. Different marine invertebrates such as hederelloids, microconchids, bryozoans, and crinoids (represented by holdfasts) encrusted brachiopod shells belonging to Athyridida and Rhynchonellida. This association is similar to those recorded in different Devonian localities, especially by the co-occurrence of microconchids, hederelloids, and bryozoans. Paleoecological analysis revealed that bryozoans were the most abundant sclerobionts, whereas crinoid holdfasts were uncommon. Likewise, hederelloids and microconchids often settled on hosts previously colonized by bryozoans. Most microconchids encrusted rhynchonellid shells. A positive correlation between the size of the hosts and abundance/diversity of sclerobionts was recorded. The distribution analysis suggests that sclerobiont colonization could have been influenced either by inhalant currents of brachiopods, time of exposure, position of hosts, or by combination of all these factors. Moreover, most of commissures and foramens of brachiopods were not covered by epibionts, suggesting that there was a live interaction. Thus, studied brachiopods were likely encrusted syn vivo, and the interaction between sclerobionts and their brachiopod hosts was likely commensal since there is no damage to the brachiopod valves in the form of malformations or borings. On the contrary, the epibiont cover might have served as a natural shield against predators and parasites. The Roadian age of the association is based on the stratigraphic distribution of host brachiopods. The studied association inhabited open waters on a homoclinal carbonate ramp in the Chicomuselo region. Although encrusted brachiopods belong to the biotic Grandian Province, similar sclerobiont communities have not been previously recorded from the Permian of North America or beyond. The described community represents the youngest record of co-occurring microconchids, hederelloids, and bryozoans, as all previously known similar communities originate from the Late Devonian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of La Granja, de Ciencias de la Vida is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of IBEROAMERICANA. América Latina - España - Portugal is the property of Vervuert Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sustainability in Debate / Sustentabilidade em Debate is the property of University of Brasilia, Center for Sustainable Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios de Cultura Maya is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones Filologicas - UNAM and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Confluenze. Rivista di Studi Iberoamericani is the property of Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di Lingue, Letterature e Culture Moderne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios de Cultura Maya is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones Filologicas - UNAM and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios de Cultura Maya is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones Filologicas - UNAM and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Natural phenomena affect differently in the world. It comes first from the geographical location, followed by the economic characteristics of each region. The objective of the case study presented is to design a supply network of essential products to victims in the state of Chiapas, located within the Mexican Republic, which is one of the states most affected by the appearance of natural phenomena. The vehicular routing problem with capacity is applied as a solution for the supply of aid products to 120 of 124 municipalities impacted by natural phenomena of a hydrometeorological type during the period 2015-2022. Evaluating the different municipalities that are home to the state under study through various Infrastructure and service factors, the municipality of Tuxtla Gutiérrez is determined as the origin of the routing, obtaining with it a total of 44 routes with an average of 2.7 municipalities to be supplied per route and an average of 402 km travelled. A second municipality is located, Tapachula, which obtains a second place in evaluating factors, providing the longest route in the distance travelled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The snake Mastigodryas dorsalis (Bocourt, 1890) is generally considered absent from Mexico, but a few sources indicate otherwise. Herein we resolve this issue by re-examining a historical specimen and by reporting new records for M. dorsalis in Chiapas, Mexico. These records extend the known distribution of the species 87 km northwest of the nearest pre-existing record in Guatemala. Additionally, based on these new records and an exhaustive literature review, we present an updated distribution for the species and revise its known elevational range to 300–2110 m. A complete Spanish translation of this paper is available in the Supplemental Data. Una traducción completa al español de este artículo está disponible en los Datos Suplementarios.

Los estudios sobre la élite maya del Clásico Tardío (600-900 d. C.) mencionan la existencia de objetos que simbolizaban el poder social y legitimaban a su portador; los cuales se ostentaban en diversos eventos, como se observa en algunos monumentos pétreos y en las escenas palaciegas de las vasijas pintadas fechadas durante ese periodo. Uno de tales objetos, que suele ser frecuente en dichas representaciones, es un artefacto semejante a un cetro. En este artículo se discute la presencia de los cetros en los monumentos inscritos de Yaxchilán, Chiapas; lo cual sirve como marco interpretativo referencial para postular el posible uso de un artefacto elaborado a partir de una extremidad ósea de felino procedente la Tumba II de Yaxchilán, explorada en 1980 bajo la dirección de Roberto García Moll. ENGLISH: Studies on the Late Classic Maya elite (AD 600–900) mention the existence of objects that symbolized social power and legitimized their bearer; which were displayed in various events, as observed in some stone monuments and palace scenes on painted vessels dated during this period. One of these objects, which is frequent in such representations, is an artifact similar to a scepter. This paper discusses the presence of scepters in the inscribed monuments of Yaxchilan, Chiapas; which serves as a referential interpretative framework to postulate the possible use of an artifact made with a feline bone limb from Tomb II of Yaxchilan, explored in 1980 under the direction of Roberto Garcia Moll.

Regarding migration changes between Mexico and the USA, this study focuses on the increase and diversification of migration between Chiapas and the USA during the period 2000-2007. This paper argues that not only economic conditions are the explanation to these migrations but also, in certain regions, political processes and impacts of natural disasters were important drivers for migration -a combination of causes in the context of migration-. Based on different sources (indicators of migration intensity, index on the remittance reception, migratory censuses, demographic surveys, quantitative and qualitative migratory studies), the increase in migration is shown at a state and regional level. Furthermore, the increase of migration in certain regions is assessed in relation with its causes (social, environmental, political and economical) showing that, migrations are multicausal processes spatially differentiated on the basis of the migrants' place of origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new species of sequestrate fungi are described from south Mexico based on morphological and molecular evidences. Here we describe Elaphomyces castilloi characterized by the yellowish mycelial mat, dull blue gleba and ascospores of 9.7-11.5 µm; Entoloma secotioides is characterized by the secotioid basidiomata, sulcate, pale cream pileus, and basidiospores of 7-13 × 5-9 µm. Both species grow in montane cloud forest under Quercus sp. in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. Descriptions, photographs, and multilocus phylogeny for both species are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The meaning of "youth" is changing among young Tzeltal migrants from Chiapas, Mexico, living in the U.S. state of California. Migration improves young people's condition in terms of work, leisure time, and cultural consumption. A study based on ethnographic data, interviews, questionnaires, and participant observation undertaken in 2011, 2013, and 2016 shows how the material resources to which these migrants have access are directed toward building a unique youth style based on aesthetics and language that can be called the "Tzeltal jungle cowboy." El significado del concepto "juventud" está cambiando entre los jóvenes migrantes tzeltales de Chiapas, México, que viven en el estado de California en Estados Unidos. La migración mejora las condiciones de vida de los jóvenes debido a su acceso al trabajo, tiempo libre y consumo cultural. Un estudio hecho en base a datos etnográficos, entrevistas, cuestionarios y observación participante realizado en 2011, 2013 y 2016 nos muestra cómo los recursos materiales a los que tienen acceso estos migrantes se dirigen a construir un estilo juvenil único basado en la estética y el lenguaje que podría denominarse el "vaquero tzeltal de la selva". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Mexico, despite that the fact that several social programs have been implemented, chronic undernutrition is still a public health problem affecting 1.5 million children of <5 years. Chiapas ranks first in underweight and stunting at national level with a stunting prevalence of 31.4 % whereas for its rural population is 44.2 %. The purpose of this paper is to determine if the nutritional status of a cohort of children living in poor rural communities under Oportunidades has changed. We were interested in assessing the nutrition evolution of the children who were initially diagnosed as stunted and of those who were diagnosed as normal. Oportunidades is an anti-poverty program of the Mexican government consisting mainly in monetary transfers to the families living in alimentary poverty.Methods: A 9-year cohort prospective study was conducted with nutritional evaluations of 222 children. Anthropometric indices were constructed from measurements of weight, height, and age of the children whose nutritional status was classified following WHO standards.Results: The results showed that although these children were Oportunidades beneficiaries for 9 years and their families improved their living conditions, children still had a high prevalence of stunting (40.1 %) and 69.6 % had not recovered yet. Children who were initially diagnosed with normal nutritional status and became stunted 2 years later had a higher risk (relative risk (RR) 5.69, 2.95-10.96) of continuing stunted at school age and adolescence.Conclusions: Oportunidades has not impacted, as expected, the nutritional status of the study population. These findings pose the question: Why has not the nutritional status of children improved, although the living conditions of their families have significantly improved? This might be the result of an adaptation process achieved through a decrease of growth velocity. It is important to make efforts to watch the growth of the children during their first 3 years of age, to focus on improving the diet of women at fertile age and pay special attention to environmental conditions to break the vicious cycle of malnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trematodes of Allocreadiidae are mainly parasites of freshwater fish and the family contains 18 valid genera. Since 2004, 4 genera have been described in the Americas: Paracreptotrema, Paracreptotrematoides, Pseudoparacreptotrema and Auriculostoma, of which the latter was recently synonymized with Creptotrema by Franceschini et al., (2021). During a study in 2018 on fish parasites of Lacantún River, Chiapas, Mexico, allocreadiids were collected from the intestine of Atherinella alvarezi and morphological differences with other genera of the family were immediately noted. These differences were corroborated with molecular data and phylogenetic analyses, which indicated that it was a new genus and species. The objective of this study is to describe the new taxon, which we name Mesoamericatrema magnisacculus n. gen., n. sp. as well as to clarify its phylogenetic relationships, host specificity, and geographical distribution. For this, we carried out a meticulous study of the morphology and compared the new taxon with its congeners. We also obtained sequences of the 28S and ITS from the ribosomal RNA region that were used in generating molecular phylogenies and in calculating genetic distances with sequences of other species of Allocreadiidae available in the Genbank. The new genus is mainly characterized by having a very large cirrus sac in relation to the length of its body and nests in a clade that groups Creptotrema, Creptotrematina, Paracreptotrema, Paracreptotrematoides, Pseudoparacreptotrema and Wallinia, all of which have a Neotropical affinity in terms of their geographic and host distribution. Mesoamericatrema n. gen. is the fifth genus of Allocreadiidae to be described in the Americas since 2004, the third discovered in Mexico since 2016, and the first to be described as parasitizing Atheriniformes, which indicates that Middle America is a region where important speciation events have occurred in freshwater fish parasites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of an aquatic beetle survey at Volcán Tacaná, Mexico, are presented with five altitudinal levels in a monthly sampling regime, aiming to estimate both diversity and altitudinal distribution patterns of the aquatic beetle fauna. The first list of aquatic beetle species from this mountain is presented, comprising 40 species in 32 genera and nine families, with four species recorded for the first time from Mexico and six recorded for the first time from Chiapas. The aquatic beetle fauna is characterized by Elmidae with 20 species, Dytiscidae with eleven species, Dryopidae with three, and Epimetopidae, Hydraenidae, Hydrophilidae, Gyrinidae, Lutrochidae, and Noteridae with one species each. The species composition through the sampled altitudinal gradient (670-1,776 m) was not homogeneous, with the elmid genera Macrelmis, Heterelmis, Microcylloepus, and Austrolimnius present at all levels, while Hexanchorus, Neoelmis, and Onychelmis were present at levels 1-3 (673-1,214 m); dytiscids were mostly present at levels 4 and 5 (1,619-1,776 m), and dryopids were present only at levels 1-3. A Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity supports a general partition between altitudinal levels 1-3 and levels 4 + 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO – O jornalismo empreendedor, que se multiplicou em diferentes partes do mundo, apresenta suas próprias nuances em cada país. Neste trabalho analisamos oito projetos jornalísticos de dois estados do México, Chiapas e Jalisco; o primeiro, o mais pobre do país e de menor acesso à internet, e o segundo, dos mais desenvolvidos no plano econômico, com mais teledensidade e maior contribuição ao PIB nacional. Os resultados obtidos em ambas as entidades são projetos jornalísticos empreendedores ainda não consolidados que exploram diferentes formas de receitas, como convenções publicitárias institucionais, em primeiro lugar, e de forma mais marginal, publicidade comercial, monetização digital, e apoio solidário de leitores e de fundações. Em Chiapas, os projetos se caracterizam por serem iniciativas unipessoais, enquanto em Jalisco surgem dentro do novo cooperativismo que experimenta o jornalismo digital. ABSTRACT – Entrepreneurial journalism, which has multiplied in different parts of the world, has its own nuances in each country. In this paper we analyze eight journalistic projects in two states of Mexico, Chiapas and Jalisco; the first, the poorest in the country and with less access to the internet, and the second, of the most developed in the economic plane, with more teledensity and greater contribution to the national GDP. The results show, in both entities, enterprising journalistic projects not yet consolidated that explore different forms of revenue, such as institutional advertising agreements, first, and more marginally, commercial advertising, digital monetization, and solidarity support from readers and foundations. In Chiapas, the projects are characterized by being unipersonal initiatives, while in Jalisco they arise within the new cooperativism that digital journalism experiences. RESUMEN – El periodismo emprendedor, que se ha multiplicado en diferentes partes del mundo, presenta sus propios matices en cada país. En este trabajo analizamos ocho proyectos periodísticos de dos estados de México, Chiapas y Jalisco; el primero, el más pobre del país y de menor acceso a internet, y el segundo, de los más desarrollados en el plano económico, con más teledensidad y mayor aportación al PIB nacional. Los resultados arrojan, en ambas entidades, proyectos periodísticos emprendedores aún no consolidados que exploran diferentes formas de ingresos, como convenios publicitarios institucionales, en primer lugar, y de manera más marginal, publicidad comercial, monetización digital, y apoyo solidario de lectores y de fundaciones. En Chiapas, los proyectos se caracterizan por ser iniciativas unipersonales, mientras que en Jalisco surgen dentro del nuevo cooperativismo que experimenta el periodismo digital.

This paper describes a sclerobiont association from the Paso Hondo Formation (Roadian, middle Permian), Chiapas, Mexico. Different marine invertebrates such as hederelloids, microconchids, bryozoans, and crinoids (represented by holdfasts) encrusted brachiopod shells belonging to Athyridida and Rhynchonellida. This association is similar to those recorded in different Devonian localities, especially by the co-occurrence of microconchids, hederelloids, and bryozoans. Paleoecological analysis revealed that bryozoans were the most abundant sclerobionts, whereas crinoid holdfasts were uncommon. Likewise, hederelloids and microconchids often settled on hosts previously colonized by bryozoans. Most microconchids encrusted rhynchonellid shells. A positive correlation between the size of the hosts and abundance/diversity of sclerobionts was recorded. The distribution analysis suggests that sclerobiont colonization could have been influenced either by inhalant currents of brachiopods, time of exposure, position of hosts, or by combination of all these factors. Moreover, most of commissures and foramens of brachiopods were not covered by epibionts, suggesting that there was a live interaction. Thus, studied brachiopods were likely encrusted syn vivo, and the interaction between sclerobionts and their brachiopod hosts was likely commensal since there is no damage to the brachiopod valves in the form of malformations or borings. On the contrary, the epibiont cover might have served as a natural shield against predators and parasites. The Roadian age of the association is based on the stratigraphic distribution of host brachiopods. The studied association inhabited open waters on a homoclinal carbonate ramp in the Chicomuselo region. Although encrusted brachiopods belong to the biotic Grandian Province, similar sclerobiont communities have not been previously recorded from the Permian of North America or beyond. The described community represents the youngest record of co-occurring microconchids, hederelloids, and bryozoans, as all previously known similar communities originate from the Late Devonian.

Background: Forestry management modifies the diversity, structure, and functioning of intervened forests. Timber extraction reduces tree density and basal area, leading to changes in the communities of vascular epiphytes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity and biomass of vascular epiphytes in Quercus trees remaining in two pine-oak forest stands that have been subjected to two stages of the Silvicultural Development Method (release cutting, and thinning) in comparison with an unharvested old-secondary forest in southern Mexico. For each treatment, richness of epiphytes present on 60 oak trees was recorded and their dry biomass estimated. We calculated the true diversity (Hill numbers) and beta diversity using the Jaccard coefficient of similarity, and generated rank abundance curves per taxonomic epiphyte group (bromeliads, orchids, ferns and others). For each treatment, the relationships between overall diversity and epiphyte biomass to the host trees basal area were analyzed using log linear models. Results: We recorded a total of 67 species of epiphytes species belonging to 10 families hosted by five species of oaks. The greatest species richness (0 D) was recorded in the old-secondary forest. Fewer common (¹ D) and dominant (² D) species were recorded in the release cutting than in the other treatments. Epiphyte diversity and biomass were both slightly related to host tree basal area. Composition of epiphytes was similar (60%) among treatments, although orchids, bromeliads, and other families were more diverse in the old-secondary forest. Most bromeliad species were shared across all treatments, although orchids presented the most exclusive species in the unharvested forest. The bromeliad Tillandsia seleriana provided the greatest contribution to biomass in all treatments, followed by the orchid Camaridium densum. Generalized linear models indicated that epiphyte diversity was significantly related to treatment, and epiphyte biomass to basal area of host trees. Conclusions: Although forest management affects diversity, composition, and abundance of vascular epiphytes, most of their diversity and biomass can be maintained despite timber harvesting. This requires sparing some mature oaks during logging, as they contribute to conservation, establishment, and development of epiphytic communities, and maintaining untreated areas as a source of propagules for these communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios de Cultura Maya is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones Filologicas - UNAM and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The endangered Chiapas killifish Tlaloc hildebrandi is an endemic freshwater species that lives in four subbasins of the Grijalva and Usumacinta basins, and one of the most geographically restricted species of the Produndulidae family. The species was originally described as endemic to springs in the high limestone plateau in San Cristóbal de Las Casas in the Río Amarillo subbasin (upper Grijalva basin). However, it was recently recorded in the Jataté and Tzaconejá subbasins in the upper Usumacinta basin, thereby expanding its known distribution range. The discovery of these populations is relevant not only for the conservation of the species but also for a better understanding of its evolutionary history. Currently, the scarce populations of T. hildebrandi, found in only a few localities in the Grijalva and Usumacinta basins, are fragmented and living under unfavorable conditions. Here, we analyzed three mitochondrial (mt-atp8&6 and mt-nd2) and one nuclear (nuc-s7) marker in order to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of T. hildebrandi. We found that, in comparison with other endangered freshwater fish species from Mexico, T. hildebrandi showed a lower level of genetic diversity (mt-nd2: h = 0.469, π = 0.0009; mt-atp8&6: h = 0.398, π = 0.001; and nuc-S7: h = 0.433, π = 0.001). Moreover, the analyzed populations exhibited a strong genetic structure in accordance with their geographic distribution, and can be placed into three genetic clusters: (1) Amarillo plus Chenhaló in the upper Grijalva basin, (2) Jataté, and (3) Tzaconejá, both in the upper Usumacinta basin. On the basis of our results, we propose the recognition of at least three evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) for the species and the urgent implementation of ex situ and in situ conservation and management efforts that consider the genetic background of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines the particularities of the organization of Base Church Communities in the municipality of Chicomuselo for the defense of the territory. This organization derives from theology of liberation, which can now be conceptualized as “libertarian Christianity,” considering the hermeneutic transformations of the praxis and its objectives in recent years. Based on Enrique Dussel, this paper analyzes the displacement of a revolutionary praxis sustained on social sciences by a communitarian praxis that breaks away from a monological discourse, as well as the transformation of an anthropocentric theology into another one based on the concept of the Mother Earth. It also discusses to what extent these changes allow us to speak of a process of autonomic construction.

Background. Anthropized landscapes play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation, as they encompass about 90% of the remaining tropical forest. Effective conservation strategies require a deep understanding of how anthropic disturbances determine diversity patterns across these landscapes. Here, we evaluated how attributes and assembly mechanisms of dung beetle communities vary across the Selva El Ocote Biosphere Reserve (REBISO) landscape. Methods. Community attributes (species diversity, abundance, and biomass) were assessed at the landscape scale, using spatial windows and vegetation classes. Windows were categorized as intact, variegated, or fragmented based on their percent cover of tropical forest. The vegetation classes analyzed were tropical forest, second-growth forest, and pastures. Results. We collected 15,457 individuals and 55 species. Variegated windows, tropical forests, and second-growth forests showed the highest diversity values, while the lowest values were found in intact windows and pastures. Landscape fragmentation was positively and strongly related to dung beetle diversity and negatively related to their abundance; biomass was positively associated with forest cover. Beta diversity was the primary driver of the high dung beetle diversity in the landscape analyzed. Discussion. The landscape heterogeneity and its biodiversity-friendly matrix facilitate the complementarity of dung beetle assemblages in the Selva El Ocote Biosphere Reserve. Random processes govern beta diversity patterns in intact and variegated windows. Therefore, vegetation cover in the region is sufficient to maintain a continuous flow of dung beetles between forested landscape segments. However, intense anthropic disturbances acted as deterministic environmental filters in fragmented windows and pastures sites, leading to biotic homogenization processes. Our results suggest that increasing habitat variegation in highly fragmented sites is an effective strategy to prevent or buffer homogenization processes in the REBISO landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Indiana (03418642) is the property of Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut, Preussischer Kulturbesitz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Under the guidance of intuition, in this paper I concentrate on the theme of certain imaginaries and representations in Chiapas from a rare point of view. It traverses some route of conception of the world and of the language inscribed in the craft objects, objects useful in first instance for its creators, before its decorative function or aesthetic stimulation for the consumers. This conception of the world does not exist as an explicit formulation in objects but our effort derives them from substrates of imagination, orality and literature, from which I try to draw a line, derived from myths, rites, poems. Apart from humanizing with our hands, we also humanized ourselves with the word.

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Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the 1990s, the Maya-ICBG (International Cooperative Biodiversity Group) was one of the major bioprospecting projects in Chiapas, Mexico and was designed to incorporate traditional knowledge into pharmaceutical research. The researchers had hopes of benefiting Indigenous communities economically and technologically while conserving plants and traditional knowledge. Unfortunately, the project experienced local and international opposition who accused the project of exploiting Indigenous people and privatizing their knowledge. We present a teaching module in the form of an interrupted case study in which participants learn about the ethnobotanical study that shifted from one of promise to one of controversy. The history of the development of the case study over the past decade is told from both a faculty and a student perspective. The purpose of this perspective article and of our case study in general is to bring the conversation of ethics to the forefront of ethnobiology. Although the Maya-ICBG project was brought to a close in 2001, the case study is still relevant in both a historical context and as a means to discuss ethics and Prior Informed Consent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Estudios de Cultura Maya is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones Filologicas - UNAM and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two new species of mites of the genus Zygoseius Berlese, Z. papaver sp. n. and Z. lindquisti sp. n., collected from moss and flood debris, respectively, in a creek in Chiapas State, Mexico, are described herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]