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Summary: This article is devoted to studying the problem of globally and exponentially adaptive cluster synchronization for a class of Lur'e dynamical networks with multiple time‐varying delays and hybrid couplings. A novel impulsive adaptive pinning feedback control protocol is proposed with fully considering the cluster‐tree topology structures of the networks and only imposed on the Lur'e systems in current cluster which exist directed paths with those Lur'e systems in the other clusters. In view of the concept of average impulsive interval, the comparison principle, the extended parameter variation methods, and the reductio ad absurdum, sufficient conditions are acquired for achieving the cluster synchronization of the derivative coupled Lur'e networks with considering different functions of the impulsive effects, respectively. Furthermore, according to the designed adaptive updating law, suitable feedback control strengths are obtained, which largely save the control costs. Finally, the effectiveness of the control schemes and the theoretical results have been proved by executing two numerical simulation examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]