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Background: Peer assessment has played an important role in large-scale online learning, as it helps promote the effectiveness of learners' online learning. However, with the emergence of numerical grades and textual feedback generated by peers, it is necessary to detect the reliability of the large amount of peer assessment data, and then develop an effective automated grading model to analyse the data and predict learners' learning results. Objectives: The present study aimed to propose an automated grading model with reliability detection. Methods: A total of 109,327 instances of peer assessment from a large-scale teacher online learning program were tested in the experiments. The reliability detection approach included three steps: recurrent convolutional neural networks (RCNN) was used to detect grade consistency, bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) was used to detect text originality, and long short-term memory (LSTM) was used to detect grade-text consistency. Furthermore, the automated grading was designed with the BERT-RCNN model. Results and Conclusions: The effectiveness of the automated grading model with reliability detection was shown. For reliability detection, RCNN performed best in detecting grade consistency with an accuracy rate of 0.889, BERT performed best in detecting text originality with an improvement of 4.47% compared to the benchmark model, and LSTM performed best with an accuracy rate of 0.883. Moreover, the automated grading model with reliability detection achieved good performance, with an accuracy rate of 0.89. Compared to the absence of reliability detection, it increased by 12.1%. Implications: The results strongly suggest that the automated grading model with reliability detection for large-scale peer assessment is effective, with the following implications: (1) The introduction of reliability detection is necessary to help filter out low reliability data in peer assessment, thus promoting effective automated grading results. (2) This solution could assist assessors in adjusting the exclusion threshold of peer assessment reliability, providing a controllable automated grading tool to reducing manual workload with high quality. (3) This solution could shift educational institutions from labour-intensive grading procedures to a more efficient educational assessment pattern, allowing for more investment in supporting instructors and learners to improve the quality of peer feedback.

Microlearning, as an informal learning approach, has gained increasing popularity in both the training industry and professional studies disciplines over the last several years. However, despite the rising interest in microlearning, how to design microlearning activities and what microcontent is reasonable for microlearning activities have rarely been addressed. In this study, we designed a 6-week micro-reading activity. During the process, 30 students majoring in Education Technology participated in the activity. They were randomly divided into an electronic book reading (e-reading) group and a paper book reading (p-reading) group, and were required to read the same book within 6 weeks. Formative and summative evaluations were performed to assess the effectiveness of the micro-reading activity. Descriptive statistics and bar and line chart were applied to reflect the results of formative evaluation; One-way ANOVA analysis was used to process the data of summative evaluations. Students' average reading time, reading pace, and weekly reading notes were recorded and analyzed as the formative evaluation. The results indicated that all students achieved the reading objective, and they kept relatively high engagement in the micro-reading activity. According to the results of the summative evaluation, both groups of students' average scores were relatively high. However, compared to the p-reading group, the average score of the e-reading group was higher, and some significant differences were also found in the average scores of the two groups. Therefore, the 6-week micro-reading activity was beneficial for students' reading effectiveness, and the e-reading type was more effective for promoting students' reading effectiveness. In the future, it would be worthwhile for designers to consider how to design the duration of activities in a reasonable way and to compare how new electronic reading platforms compare with traditional print sources.

Academic cheating is a pervasive problem in many universities globally. The present double-blind randomized controlled field experiment tested whether reminding university students about academic dishonesty sanction policies would reduce their cheating in an actual exam. Students were assigned to either a Sanction Reminder or a No Reminder condition. Results showed a significant condition effect: Fewer students in the Sanction Reminder condition cheated than in the No Reminder condition; among those who cheated, males and females did not differ in their extent of cheating in the No Reminder condition but in the Reminder condition, male students cheated to a lesser extent than females. These findings suggest that sanction reminder, a widely used academic integrity practice, may indeed have its utility to promote academic honesty in exams. Further, they suggest that to reduce cheating on exams, one does not need to use methods that are overtly explicit and elaborate. A brief, subtle, and simple reminder would suffice. Our research also illustrates the importance of conducting well-controlled field behavioral research to evaluate the effectiveness of commonly implemented educational practices to ascertain that they indeed serve their designed pedagogical purposes to promote optimal learning.

Abstract Objective To compare the sex differences of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection rate and 1-year recurrence rate. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on the prevalence of HP infection in 81,754 people who underwent physical examination in physical examination centers and outpatient clinics of the Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Second People’s Hospital of Zhangye City, Tianshui City Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the First and Second Department of The First Hospital of Lanzhou University Physical Examination Center, from March 2010 to December 2019. Among them, 53,771 (65.77%) were males (18–91 years old) and 27,983 (34.23%) were females (18–94 years old). According to age, they were divided into young group, middle-aged group and old group. 1448 asymptomatic infected patients were selected and treated with bismuth-containing quadruple drug eradication therapy for 2 weeks. The eradication rate and recurrence rate after 1 year were compared between males and females. Results The overall infection rate was 49.59%, including 49.74% in males and 49.3% in females. The risk of infection in young women was lower than that in men (OR = 0.908, 95%CI: 0.868–0.95, P

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has greatly improved the prognosis of relapsed and refractory patients with large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). Early identification and intervention of patients who may respond poorly to CAR-T cell therapy will help to improve the efficacy. Ninety patients from a Chinese cohort who received CAR-T cell therapy and underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) scans at the screening stage (median time to infusion 53.5 days, range 27–176 days), 1 month and 3 months after CAR-T cell infusion were analyzed, with RNA-sequencing conducted on 47 patients at the screening stage. Patients with maximum diameter of the largest lesion (Dmax)

Flame temperature and spectral emissivity were the important parameters characterizing the sufficient degree of fuel combustion and the particle radiative characteristics in the Rocket Based Combined Cycle (RBCC) combustor. To investigate the combustion characteristics of the complex supersonic flame in the RBCC combustor, a new radiation thermometry combined with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm and the least squares method was proposed to measure the temperature, emissivity and spectral radiative properties based on the flame emission spectrum. In-situ measurements of the flame temperature, emissivity and spectral radiative properties were carried out in the RBCC direct-connected test bench with laser-induced plasma combustion enhancement (LIPCE) and without LIPCE. The flame average temperatures at fuel global equivalence ratio (α) of 1.0b and 0.6 with LIPCE were 4.51% and 2.08% higher than those without LIPCE. The flame combustion oscillation of kerosene tended to be stable in the recirculation zone of cavity with the thermal and chemical effects of laser induced plasma. The differences of flame temperature at α = 1.0b and 0.6 were 503 K and 523 K with LIPCE, which were 20.07% and 42.64% lower than those without LIPCE. The flame emissivity with methane assisted ignition was 80.46% lower than that without methane assisted ignition, due to the carbon-hydrogen ratio of kerosene was higher than that of methane. The spectral emissivities at 600 nm with LIPCE were 1.25%, 22.2%, and 4.22% lower than those without LIPCE at α = 1.0a (with methane assisted ignition), 1.0b (without methane assisted ignition) and 0.6. The effect of concentration in the emissivity was removed by normalization to analyze the flame radiative properties in the RBCC combustor chamber. The maximum differences of flame normalized emissivity were 50.91% without LIPCE and 27.53% with LIPCE. The flame radiative properties were stabilized under the thermal and chemical effects of laser induced plasma at α = 0.6.

Abstract Great progress has been made in utilizing immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therapies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1, expressed on tumor cells, have demonstrated potential in improving patient survival rates. An unresolved issue involves immune suppression induced by exosomal PD-L1 within the tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly regarding CD8+ T cells. Our study unveiled the crucial involvement of LAMTOR1 in suppressing the exosomes of PD-L1 and promoting CD8+ T cell infiltration in NSCLC. Through its interaction with HRS, LAMTOR1 facilitates PD-L1 lysosomal degradation, thereby reducing exosomal PD-L1 release. Notably, the ability of LAMTOR1 to promote PD-L1 lysosomal degradation relies on a specific ubiquitination site and an HRS binding sequence. The findings suggest that employing LAMTOR1 to construct peptides could serve as a promising strategy for bolstering the efficacy of immunotherapy in NSCLC. The discovery and comprehension of how LAMTOR1 inhibits the release of exosomal PD-L1 offer insights into potential therapeutic strategies for improving immunotherapy. It is imperative to conduct further research and clinical trials to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of targeting LAMTOR1 in NSCLC treatment.

From an industry perspective, the past decade has been a whirlwind of innovation in automotive light detection and ranging (LiDAR). Numerous laser technologies and system solutions have been fiercely competing for market share. However, recent trends suggest a growing convergence on vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and antireflective VCSEL (AR-VCSEL) based solutions. This commentary, rooted in the practical realities of the industry, examines the historical trajectory of industrial laser technology for commercial automotive LiDAR. It specifically focuses on the recent applications of VCSEL/AR-VCSEL technologies and their future prospects.

Abstract Objectives Roscoea is a Sino-Himalayan alpine genus in pantropical family Zingiberaeae. As traditional Tibetan medicinal plants, many species of this genus are threatened by digging, logging, land clearance, grazing and climate change. Roscoea debilis is an endemic species in the Hengduan Mountains with a narrow distribution range. In this study, the assembled and annotated genome of Roscoea was presented in order to furnish significant resources for comparative and functional genomic investigations. The first complete reference genome of Roscoea is expected to shed light on research on conservation and evolutionary biology. Data description A chromosome-level genome of 1601.04 Mb was obtained for R. debilis by combining Illumina short reads (107.28 Gb) and PacBio Hi-Fi reads (64.08 Gb), achieving high-quality sequencing coverage of roughly 67 × and 40 ×. The assembly was additionally assisted by 271.65 Gb Hi-C data (169 ×), which resulted in a contig N50 of 136.17 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 90.48 Mb. Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) assessment results revealed that most of the core embryophyta genes (98.7%) in the BUSCO dataset (embryophyta_odb10) were successfully identified. Additionally, 96.44% of the genomic sequences were accurately mapped onto twelve pseudochromosomes.

Abstract Recently the FDA conducted a risk investigation and labeled the Boxed Warning for all BCMA- and CD19-directed CAR-T cell therapy, so does it mean that the public must take risk of secondary cancer to receive cell therapy? Here, without lentivirus and professional antigen presenting cell application, a novel tumor-specific T-cell therapy was successfully developed only by co-culturing MHC+ cancer cells and Naïve-T cells under the CD28 co-stimulatory signals. These tumor-specific T-cells could be separated through cell size and abundantly produced from peripheral blood, and would spontaneously attack target cells that carrying the same tumor antigen while avoiding others in vitro test. Moreover, it markedly decreased 90% tumor nodules companying with greatly improving overall survival (76 days vs 30 days) after twice infusion back to mice. This work maximally avoided the risks of secondary cancer and non-specific killing, and might open a revolutionary beginning of natural tumor-specific T-cell therapy. Graphical Abstract

The research progress in thermal aging resistant silicone rubber based heat-proof materials in recent years was reviewed with 46 references. The inorganic modification effects of nano-carbon materials, graphite powder, talc powder, transition metal oxides and fiber fillers on the thermal aging resistance and mechanical properties of silicone rubber based heat-proof materials were emphatically introduced, and the main research directions of thermal aging resistant silicone rubber based heat-proof materials in the future were pointed out.

Self-directed learning (SDL) is a basic individual ability in modern society. It is of great value to explore SDL and its relationship to learners’ online learning effectiveness. This study explored the relationships among online learners’ personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion), SDL (SDL-approach and SDL-attitude), and perceived online learning ineffectiveness (POLI). A total of 668 high school students who had received online learning completed the survey. Results revealed that neuroticism negatively predicted SDL-approach and SDL-attitude, whereas extraversion was positively correlated with SDL-approach and SDL-attitude, and SDL-approach and SDL-attitude were negatively correlated with POLI. In addition, the correlation between personality traits and POLI was significantly mediated by the two types of SDL. The findings provide educators with empirical evidence and insights about improving students’ SDL and understanding the importance of personality traits in online learning.

Abstract Double-lumen tubes (DLTs) are commonly used for one-lung ventilation (OLV) in thoracic surgery and the selection of an optimal size of DLTs is still a humongous task. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and accuracy of the method for selecting an optimal size of DLTs in thoracic surgery. Sixty adult patients requiring a left side double-lumen tube (LDLT) for elective thoracoscopic surgery were included in this study. All patients were randomly allocated to the following two groups: Cuffs Collapsed group (CC group, n = 30) and Cuffs Inflated group (CI group, n = 30). In the Cuffs Collapsed group, the outer diameter of LDLT (the outer diameter of the tracheal and bronchial cuffs when they were collapsed as the outer diameter of the LDLT) matched with the inner diameter of the trachea and bronchus measured by the anesthesiologist on the chest CT slice; In the Cuffs Inflated group, the outer diameter of LDLT (the outer diameter of the tracheal and bronchial cuffs when they were inflated as the outer diameter of the LDLT) matched with the inner diameter of the trachea and bronchus measured by the anesthesiologist on the chest CT slice. The primary outcomes were the incidences of airway complications postoperative such as hoarseness and sore throat. The time of intubation and alignment, the incidences of LDLT displacement and adjustment, the peak airway pressure, the plateau airway pressure and the end-tidal carbon dioxide were also recorded. The incidences of airway complications postoperative such as sore throat and hoarseness were lower in the CI group than the CC group (P 0.05). The method which matched the inner diameter of the trachea and bronchus measured on chest CT slice with the outer diameter of the tracheal and bronchial cuffs when they were inflated to select an appropriate size of LDLT can reduce the incidence of airway complications. Trials registration: Clinical Trials: gov. no. NCT05739318. Registered at https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov 22/02/2023.

Abstract Studying the penetration characteristics of blast‐induced cracks during double water jet slotted boreholes blasting is theoretically and practically significant since it acts both by the “superposition effect” of explosion‐induced stress waves and the “guiding effect” of water jet slots. A combination of experimental testing and numerical simulation was adopted to investigate the transmission law of explosion‐induced stress waves and the propagation law of blast‐induced cracks first. Then the penetration characteristics of blast‐induced cracks was analyzed according to rock blasting theory and rock fracture mechanics theory. The results indicate that the rock between the two boreholes is mainly subjected to a tensile failure mode due to the combined effect of the “superposition effect” of explosion‐induced stress wave and the “guiding effect” of water jet slot during double water jet slotted boreholes blasting. The hole spacing significantly affects the penetration mode of blast‐induced cracks during double water jet slotted boreholes blasting, and unless it reaches a certain value, a single flat through‐crack will form between two slotted boreholes. In addition, when the blast‐induced cracks successfully penetrate each other, the hole spacing of double water jet slotted boreholes increases by 33.3% compared with that of double circular boreholes under the same conditions. The research results can provide guidance for the application of directional controlled blasting technology with water jet assistance.

Abstract Selecting suitable trading partners in the globalized trade landscape remains critical. Traditional selection processes driven by factors like comparative advantage and trade costs are cumbersome and incomplete. Economic complexity offers a more precise measure of a country’s economic development and product capacity, facilitating future-oriented choices. Leveraging international trade data from 2001 to 2015, this paper employs economic complexity theories to analyze Chinese and the US’ trade networks in the global market. It explores multi-level considerations for exporting countries’ partner selection, revealing varying product diversification challenges and market clustering tendencies. China shows increasing overall product proximity relationships, specifically notable in textile-related products, while the US exhibits decreasing product proximities. Additionally, trading positions and product dependencies vary across markets. Some countries, like Japan and Germany, maintain stable positions, while others fluctuate. Notably, countries like Nigeria, Bangladesh, and Cambodia have higher positions in the Chinese market, suggesting promising long-term trade partnerships. Conversely, countries like Yemen, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, and Sudan have higher positions in the US market, indicating significant disparities. Products that are needed in the Chinese market and occupy higher complexity positions are primarily concentrated in the field of non-ferrous metals, while the US market relies more on raw materials. This highlights distinct market dynamics, particularly pronounced in the US market. Hence, there is a greater likelihood of obtaining better economic benefits by trading these products in their respective markets.

Abstract Background The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), primarily generated by the choroid plexus (ChP), is the major carrier of the glymphatic system. The alternations of CSF production and the ChP can be associated with the Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The present work investigated the roles of the ChP in the AD based on a proposed ChP image segmentation pipeline. Methods A human-in-the-loop ChP image segmentation pipeline was implemented with intermediate and active learning datasets. The performance of the proposed pipeline was evaluated on manual contours by five radiologists, compared to the FreeSurfer and FastSurfer toolboxes. The ChP volume and blood flow were investigated among AD groups. The correlations between the ChP volume and AD CSF biomarkers including phosphorylated tau (p-tau), total tau (t-tau), amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), and amyloid-β40 (Aβ40) was investigated using three models (univariate, multiple variables, and stepwise regression) on two datasets with 806 and 320 subjects. Results The proposed ChP segmentation pipeline achieved superior performance with a Dice coefficient of 0.620 on the test dataset, compared to the FreeSurfer (0.342) and FastSurfer (0.371). Significantly larger volumes (p