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Industrial waste locks are used as raw materials to reduce harmful effects on the environment and improve environmental performance. Marble clay powder can be used as a filling aid and can fill voids in concrete structures. This article will show you how to use a maximum natural sand alternative in concrete with marble powder and quarry dust. The challenge of the 21st century is to change to a new form that can support the natural system. This necessitates a radical rethinking of how to give the community infrastructure and housing. Making a concerted effort to develop novel, innovative, and alternative construction materials may be necessary. Jungles of concrete around cause's impact on the Environment and it would result in climate change. Mankind must avoid the use of things that are detrimental to the environment. So in this paper, it is decided to address the issue by adopting the use of the green concrete concept which is environmentally friendly. Green concrete is concrete made up using industrial wastes such as marble powder, quarry dust, wood ash, paper pulp, etc. Green concrete, which is capable of sustainable development, helps to reduce the consumption of natural resources, energy use, and environmental pollution. Green concrete is more cost‐effective than ordinary concrete and reduces the cost of resultant concrete by 14%–20%. It is also observed that the alkali‐aggregate reaction and sulfate attack resistance of concrete are both significantly improved. Green concrete is a useful tool for lowering environmental pollution and enhancing concrete's resistance to harsh conditions. All stages of infrastructure construction and rehabilitation will follow this trend of using new cement and techniques. Green concrete's adaptability and its performance derivatives will meet a variety of future needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrosion is the irreversible, interfacial reaction of metals in the presence of an electrochemical environment which ultimately results in the deterioration of metals. Corrosion of reinforcement is the major problem in the reinforced concrete (RC) structure. Corrosion of reinforcement is a slow process because of the protective layer of concrete. Even in a severely corrosive environment corrosion process takes time to be initiated and propagated. Since to carry out research work, some techniques are required to accelerate the corrosion process in the shortest period. To overcome this problem, in the past, many researchers use a different method to accelerate the corrosion of steel in concrete. In this paper, a review is presented of various techniques used for accelerated corrosion testing. The suitability of reviewed methods on corrosion acceleration for several research works is presented. After that few case studies review to make use of various predicted empirical models and an experimental technique for predicting corrosion rate and the assessment of the remaining life of the structure. And finally, the paper is concluded by comparing the natural method of corrosion and the accelerated method of corrosion and the future scope of accelerated corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in the construction industry is inevitable. The huge production of OPC and its use in infrastructural development pose an environmental impact. Greenhouse gas emitted increases the global temperature and it is an alarming sign to everybody on the planet. Concrete is the most consuming material which is produced by using OPC and it is proven that OPC contributes a lot to CO2 emission. Hence in this study attempt is made to produce concrete by using environment‐friendly material like fly ash along with alkaline activators, which is termed Geo polymer concrete. The by‐product fly ash is widely available worldwide. It is a by‐product of thermal power plants. The use of fly ash in concrete produces less expensive and more cost‐effective concrete than concrete made up using OPC. Due to its high silicate and alumina content, fly ash reacts with an alkaline solution to create an aluminosilicate gel that binds the aggregate and results in high‐quality concrete. Fly ash is finer than cement, it occupies the pores of cement after hydration. This would result in denser concrete which gives higher strength. In comparison to ordinary concrete, fly ash‐based geopolymer concrete offers better resistance to aggressive environments and high temperatures. In the present study, an alkaline activator of molarity 8 is used to prepare geopolymer concrete. The test specimens are cast and cured for 28 days. Test results indicate that an alkaline liquid fly‐ash ratio (0.4) produces higher mechanical properties. Hence, geopolymer concrete produced in this study is found to be cost‐effective and environment friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to evaluate two anaesthetic protocols in 12 clinical cases of dogs presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, COVAS, Parbhani for elective surgeries. These cases were divided into two equal groups (n=6). In both groups, dogs were pre-medicated with inj. Xylazine @ 1 mg/kg intramuscularly and anaesthesia was induced with inj. Tiletamine-Zolazepam (2 mg/kg) intravenously. Anaesthesia was maintained on constant rate infusion (CRI) of Tiletamine-Zolazepam (@ 2 mg/kg/h) in the dogs of group 1 and on Isoflurane in the dogs of group 2. Anaesthesia was assessed based on the quality of induction and recovery time in both groups. Clinico-physiological and haemato-biochemical parameters were measured in both groups at 5 different intervals. The induction score was identical in both groups with prolonged recovery in group 1. Clinico-physiological and haemato-biochemical values were changed from the base line value and return towards the baseline at recovery in both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aqueous and chloroform extracts obtained from leaves of Adhatoda vasica were evaluated for acaricidal activity against engorged females of Rhipicephalus microplus and their larvae. No significant mortality of adult ticks was observed in the tested concentration of aqueous extract except at 80%. Whereas, chloroform extract showed a dosedependent increase in adult mortality, and LC50 and LC90 values were determined as 10.47% and 11.74%, respectively. A significant difference in egg hatching of laid eggs was observed at all concentrations tested and 98.55% inhibition of hatching was observed at 12.5% concentration. Dose-dependent larval mortality was observed in larval immersion test with various concentrations of chloroform extract with LC 50 and LC 90 values of 0.51%, and 1.09%, respectively. The results indicate that the chloroform extract of Adhatoda vasica could have very good in vitro acaricidal activities on adult and larval stages of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have performed X-ray synchrotron micro-diffraction measurements to study the processes controlling the formation of hillocks and whiskers in Sn layers on Cu. The studies were done in real-time on Sn layers that were electro-deposited immediately before the X-ray measurements were started. This enabled a region of the sample to be monitored from the as-deposited state until after a hillock feature formed. In addition to measuring the grain orientation and deviatoric strain (via Laue diffraction), the X-ray fluorescence was monitored to quantify the evolution of the Sn surface morphology and the formation of intermetallic compound (IMC) at the Sn-Cu interface. The results capture the simultaneous growth of the feature and the corresponding film stress, grain orientation, and IMC formation. The observations are compared with proposed mechanisms for whisker/hillock growth and nucleation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbohydrate-based surfactants (CBS) are an important class of amphiphilic compounds containing both hydrophilic and lipophilic moieties. These natural surfactants are biosynthesized within living cells and also easily can be prepared synthetically from the most abundant carbohydrate-rich renewable vegetable raw materials such as cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, starch, etc. and fatty materials by sequential reactions. Extensive exploitation of non-renewable fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum; natural gas etc. damages the human and ecological health with significant contribution in overall pollution, thus the quest for novel methods and strategies has been accelerated to replace the conventional non-renewable fossil fuel sources with renewable, biodegradable, as well as sustainable sources for surfactant production. In this scenario, carbohydrate surfactants are of great interest because they are naturally abundant, biocompatible, highly biodegradable, and not noxious for the environment, which makes them an excellent alternative to surfactants from petrochemical sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are numerous studies which indicate that association exist between Spiro metric indices (FEVI, FEVI/ FVC%, FVC, FEF 25-75%, PEFR) and hypertension. It is quite visible that the people who is suffering from hypertension as well as IHD might have very higher probability of having OAD. Present research has attempted the objective of finding the occurrences of OAD specifically when it has been found that any patient is having IHD along with hypertension. The present research has also attempted the comparison when the the patient is not having the hypertension and are healthy. Such study was carried out because in the views of researchers no such previous study was carried out in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For new risk factors to be meaningful in disease prevention in any population, they must either be responsible for a substantial proportion of the disease burden, or their modification must have a tangible impact on disease prevalence in that population. The major known variable risk factors also describe at least 75% of new cases of cardiovascular disease in the Western world. Physicians and their patients must therefore not lose sight of the fact that lifestyle changes incorporating smoking cessation, a heart healthy diet, weight reduction and regular physical activity together with drug therapy for dyslipidaemia, still remain the cornerstones of CVD prevention in our population. The routine measurement of plasma homocysteine and the use of specific therapies directed at reducing elevated levels is not yet recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Gd3+-doped BaMgAl10O17 phosphors have been successfully synthesized using a low-temperature solution combustion method. The crystal structure and phase purity of the samples were characterized using x-ray powder diffraction analysis. The optimal concentration of Gd3+ dopant in BaMgAl10O17 was determined through measurements of the photoluminescence spectra of the phosphors. All phosphors showed narrowband UVB emission at 313 nm with excitation wavelength at 272 nm. Relatively dominant electron spin resonance (ESR) lines were observed with geff ≈ 1.98. 2.7, 4.2, and 5.95 in phosphors with low concentration of dopant Gd3+ ion. At higher dopant concentrations, the spectrum appeared to be U-like with prominent lines at geff ≈ 1.99, 2.7, 4.2, and 5.94. Distortions in the neighborhood of Gd3+ ion led to ESR lines in the low-field region of the spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In current study, supercritical processed starch nanosponge (SSNS) used as a carrier for poorly water soluble drug (fenofibrate) to enhance its in-vitro and in-vivo performance. SSNS was prepared by using sol- gel method and effective supercritical drying technique. Fenofibrate was loaded into the SSNS by using solvent immersion method with selected and optimized organic solvent. BET surface area of SSNS was evaluated by nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis. SSNS and drug loaded SSNS were characterized by DSC, XRPD, FTIR, SEM, Contact angle study and evaluated for in-vitro, in-vivo studies. The results revealed that the formed SSNS material has high surface area (180m2/gm) with pore size (40 nm to 200nm). The DSC and XRPD study revealed the amorphization of drug within a SSNS. SEM study showed the continuous porous structure with differ nanosized pores of SSNS. Contact angle study showed improvement in aqueous wetting property of drug within a SSNS. In-vitro drug release study showed remarkable dissolution enhancement of SSNS formulation as compared to plain drug. In vivo pharmacodynamic study (hyperlipidaemia model) showed SNSS based formulation significantly improved the bioavailability of drug. Thus SSNS carrier system has good potential to be explored as a delivery system for poorly water soluble drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporous ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized with tremendous increase in specific surface area of up to 578 m/g which was 5.54 m/g in previous reports (J. Phys. Chem. C 113:14676-14680, 2009). Different mesoporous ZnO nanoparticles with average pore sizes ranging from 7.22 to 13.43 nm and specific surface area ranging from 50.41 to 578 m/g were prepared through the sol-gel method via a simple evaporation-induced self-assembly process. The hydrolysis rate of zinc acetate was varied using different concentrations of sodium hydroxide. Morphology, crystallinity, porosity, and J- V characteristics of the materials have been studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET nitrogen adsorption/desorption, and Keithley instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid, has been used in local anesthetics as an additive for various locoregional nerve blocks. Although, its use in the dental field has not been unexplored and concealed. The current study was conducted to evaluate and compare the calibre of anesthesia, their hemodynamic response, vasoconstrictive effects, and control of pain while administering pterygomandibular nerve blocks using 2% Lignocaine hydrochloride solution with Dexamethasone(4mg/ml) with that of the standard 2% Lignocaine hydrochloride solution and Adrenaline bitartrate (1:80000). Materials and Methods: This triple-blind randomized controlled study included 80 healthy subjects, aged between 18-45 years with an indication for surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. With the aid of a computer-generated sequence, the subjects were arbitrarily assigned into 2 groups (40/group)- Group 1: patients administered with 2% Lignocaine hydrochloride and Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate (4mg/ml) solution, and Group 2: patients administered with 2% Lignocaine hydrochloride with Adrenaline bitartrate (Adr) 1: 80,000 (12.5 µgm/ml) solution. The variables were assessed based on their time of onset, depth (pain) and duration of anesthesia, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures, heart rate, and blood loss. Results: Statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was noticed for the onset (shorter onset in Group 1) and duration of action (prolonged in group 1) and number of analgesics required (less in grp 1). Statistically non-significant difference between 2 groups (P>0.05) for pain, blood loss, cardiovascular variables (systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures and heart rate) at various intervals was noted. Conclusion: Dexamethasone added to Lignocaine shortens onset, prolongs duration of action and yields better control of post-operative pain as compared to Lignocaine with Adr. Vasoconstrictive properties, hemodynamic variables and intra-op pain control were comparable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Gd3+-doped Ca 3 Al 2 O 6 (CA3) phosphor was synthesized using a combustion method. The crystal structure and the phase purity of the sample were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The surface morphology of the sample was studied using a scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The Gd3+-doped Ca 3 Al 2 O 6 phosphor showed an absorption band in the UV spectral region and a narrowband-UVB emission under the excitation of 273 nm. The narrowband-UVB emission at 314 nm corresponds to the 6P 7/2 → 8S 7/2 transition of the Gd3+. A dominant line in the region around g = 2.0 was observed in the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum of the prepared phosphor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Undoped Y 2 O 3 and Gd3+-doped Y 2 O 3 samples were synthesized using a sol-gel method. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), photoluminescence (PL), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The room-temperature PL spectrum was recorded to study the bands that are due to the Gd3+. The photoluminescence analyses of the sample confirm the presence of the Gd3+ ions in the Y 2 O 3 matrix. EPR spectra of the samples confirmed the presence of Gd3+ ions in Y3+ sites with cubic symmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]