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Copyright of Gozdarski Vestnik is the property of Federation of Forestry Associations of Slovenia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research of Eurasian regionalism mostly focuses on the Eurasian core, for example, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, which have been pursuing a more exclusive and closer form of integration – Customs Union/Eurasian Economic Union. Other countries of the post-Soviet space are often described as post-Soviet ‘escapists’ or ‘isolationists’ and mostly discounted in the analyses of the Eurasian regionalism. The paper looks at six post-Soviet states, who opted out from the Eurasian Economic Union, and analyse their interaction with the EEU. The paper argues that despite tensions in relations with Russia, most of these countries are reluctant to entirely disrupt their economic relations with the post-Soviet Eurasia. The paper argues that six countries of the post-Soviet Eurasian periphery effectively pursue policies of a looser form association with the Eurasian core. This finding allows to argue that Eurasian regionalism, similarly to its European model, consists of the core and outer circle. The outer circle is featured by overlapping regional arrangements and growing presence of external powers and growing number of transit and trade flows linking this Eurasian periphery with the West and Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper sets out to discuss the objects/areas/models/notions of Europe and Eurasia from the standpoint of a critical historical anthropology, in order to assess their intellectual usefulness, heuristic validity, and correspondence to actual social and historical realties. This will be done through reviewing and assessing the concept of Eurasia as it is developed in the recent works of Chris Hann. By confronting his arguments, I will articulate why the notion of Eurasia and its ontological status in this form is not entirely conceptually and historically convincing, even if it is thought-provoking (or even politically desirable). I will explain why considering Europe as a part of a macro-region--instead of as a macro-region itself--is not convincing, and thereby reaffirm the specificities which make Europe a discernible object/area/model/notion of historical-anthropological study; specificities that for the time being prove it heuristically unsuitable and unsustainable to substitute the notion of Europe with that of Eurasia (or "Western Eurasia"), as Chris Hann seems to advocate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shrinking cities can be considered as one of the most critical challenges of contemporary urban societies. Recently, this phenomenon has been the subject of growing interest both in terms of research and from an urban policy point of view. In this paper we argue that urban shrinkage and policy responses depend on the combination of global processes and local configurations. Based on a study of shrinking cities in Australia, Japan, Germany, the UK, France and the USA, this paper first aims to explore the global process of urban shrinkage in different contexts. While the phenomenon is global it is anchored at the local level and subject to particular manifestations. After analyzing the general trends of urban shrinkage in the six countries considered, the second aim of this paper is to study the way in which policies implemented in shrinking cities differ in the various national contexts. This symposium argues that policy responses need to consider both the global forces behind shrinkage and the local context where particular characteristics are found. There are however three common areas where local actors in shrinking cities tend to focus their strategies and programs: community resilience; urban regeneration strategies; and tackling the social effects of urban shrinkage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The earliest testimonies of the use of alcohol and drugs suggest that inebriation is a long-established habit, the origins of which can be traced back to prehistory. Traces highly suggestive of fermented beverages and remains of psychoactive plants have been recovered from archaeological sites throughout prehistoric Europe. This paper surveys the history of these substances from a cultural approach based on the contexts of consumption. A wide range of documents will be examined here (macrofossil remains of psychoactive plants, residues of fermented beverages, alkaloids in archaeological items and artistic depictions, among others). Considering that these sensory-altering products are mainly found in tombs and ceremonial places, they seem to be strongly connected to ritual usages. Far from being consumed for hedonistic purposes, it can therefore be argued that drug plants and alcoholic drinks had a sacred role among prehistoric societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social exclusion is complex, intractable, and devastating. It occurs where individuals or groups cannot fully participate in the typical activities of the societies in which they live, whether they are excluded economically, politically, or live in segregation. In this review, I highlight recent work in the area of social exclusion and ethnicity, focusing on Europe and Eurasia. Scholarship reveals ethnic hierarchies of exclusion in hiring and housing markets, educational approaches that cloak assimilationist practice in the language of inclusion, a plethora of strategies that minorities use to navigate exclusion, and more. While new research brings innovation and insight, it nevertheless remains fragmented along several dimensions. As scholars work to move the field forward, bridging substantive areas of exclusion, studying the complex dynamic of interactions between majorities and minorities, and collaborating across methodological divides would be particularly valuable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to the debate on Europe's modern economic growth using the statistical concept of long-range dependence. Different regimes, defined as periods between two successive endogenously estimated structural shocks, matched episodes of pandemics and war. The most persistent shocks occurred at the time of the Black Death and the twentieth century's world wars. Our findings confirm that the Black Death often resulted in higher income levels but reject the view of a uniform long-term response to the Plague. In fact, we find a negative impact on incomes in non-Malthusian economies. In the North Sea Area (Britain and the Netherlands), the Plague was followed by positive trend growth in output per capita and population, heralding the onset of modern economic growth and the Great Divergence in Eurasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the eighteenth century, Western European travelers enjoyed unprecedented access to Siberia and many of those who visited believed themselves to have observed a clear boundary between Europe and Asia. This article examines the books of eight such travelers and explores how they categorized those living in Siberia into one of two categories, European or Asian. These travelers interpreted their observations in ways that led them to conclude that a clear binary division existed in the region, separating the European Russian settlers and government from the Asiatic indigenous peoples. Presenting their work as new information, they reproduced older categorizations, repackaged within the scientific language of the Enlightenment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wintertime precipitation is vital to the growth of glaciers in the Northern Hemisphere. We find a tripole mode of precipitation (PTM), with each pole of the mode extending zonally over the Eastern Hemisphere roughly between 30°W and 120°E, and the positive–negative–positive structure for its positive phase extending meridionally from the Arctic to the continental North Africa/Eurasia region. The large-scale dynamics associated with the PTM is explored. The positive phase of the PTM is associated with the negative while eastward-shifted phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and a zonal band of positive SST anomaly in the tropics, together with a narrowed Hadley cell and weakened Ferrel cell. While they are northeastward tilted and separated from their North African/Eurasian counterpart in the climatological mean, the upper-tropospheric westerly jets over the east Pacific and North Atlantic become extended zonally, shifting southward, and hence form a circumpolar subtropical jet as a whole by connecting with the westerly jets over the North Africa/Eurasia region. The enhanced zonal winds over the North Atlantic promote more synoptic-scale transient eddies, which are waveguided by the jet streams. The polar vortex weakens and cold air dips southward from the North Pole. Further diagnosis of the E-vectors suggests that transient eddies have a positive feedback on the weakening of the Ferrel cell. Opposite features are associated with the negative phase of the PTM. The reconstructed time series using multiple linear regression on the NAO index and the tropical SST averaged over 20°S–20°N can explain 62.4% of the variance of the original precipitation time series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ornithology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Western Slovenia is part of an actively deforming region accommodating anticlockwise rotation of Adria and its continuous collision with Eurasia. The geometry of the active faulting system in this plate boundary is not well defined. In this study, detailed analysis of earthquake activity was performed with relocation of earthquakes in the period between 2006 and 2017. With inspection of the waveform data, slight temporal clustering of activity was observed. To increase the detection rate of microearthquakes we used a matched filter detection algorithm method. Templates of earthquakes were created and a database of continuous waveform data within the period 2006–2017 was investigated. As a result, high temporal correlation allowed us to identify swarms and earthquake sequences that affected the active fault system in the study region. Relocated seismicity allowed us to constrain the geometry of 5 nearly parallel faults, namely: Ravne, Idrija, Predjama, Selce and Raša faults. All these faults do have an expression in the geomorphology and reach a seismogenic depth of up to 20 km. Vertical and along strike extents of these active faults can favour earthquakes of moment magnitude equal to 7 or larger. The most recent large earthquake that occurred in this region is the 1511 earthquake with a magnitude 6.8. The leading fault in the system being the Idrija right-lateral strike-slip fault, experiences earthquake activity from 5 to 20 km on its northern segment, while on its southern segment no earthquake activity is detected over the decade of observations. We show that the interseismic loading on the southern segment of Idrija fault is likely unclamping the locked adjacent faults promoting the observed bursts of seismicity. Moreover, in 2009 the Predjama fault accommodated a sudden increase of the surface deformation at the extensometer accompanied by a simultaneous swarm activity at its seismogenic depth. This behaviour might correspond to velocity strengthening and weakening processes taking place at both the surface and depth terminations of a locked vertical fault. These processes can be driven by a slow-slip event on the deeper part of Idrija fault that would generate a temporary acceleration of the interseismic loading rate along with a change within the fluid circulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"East" and "West" have long been prominent categories in the history of technology. The historical literature that claims to deal with comparisons or connections between East and West from a technological point of view is rich and fascinating. Yet, so far there has been no attempt to succinctly summarize or synthesize the main findings. This article takes a first step towards such a synthesis. It does so by addressing technological interaction between three broadly defined geographical regions: (1) Western Europe and North America; (2) Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia; and (3) the non-Russian Far East. The article suggests that East-West studies in the history of technology can be divided into three sets, which would benefit from greater interaction with each other: studies of East-West and West- East technology transfer; studies comparing the evolution of Eastern and Western technological levels and technological "styles"; and studies of large technical systems that materially interconnect East and West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The asymmetry in the teleconnection of the central Eurasian winter surface air temperature (SAT) with the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) is discussed using observations and model simulations. Observations indicate that the winter SAT over central Eurasia (30°-70°E, 30°-50°N) shows significant positive anomalies during the warm AMO period but weak and insignificant anomalies in the cold AMO period. In general, the warm winters in central Eurasia are associated with large-scale negative sea level pressure anomalies in Europe, anomalous southwesterly winds at 850 hPa over Europe, the '+ − +' geopotential height anomalies at 500 hPa in the south of Greenland, northern Europe, western Asia, and the slant north-south '+ −' pattern jet stream anomalies at 200 hPa in the north and south of the Caspian Sea. Reverse patterns occur during cold winters. These statistically significant features are observed in the warm phase of AMO. Reversed circulation anomalies are observed during the cold phase of AMO; however, these anomalies are weak and not statistically significant. Furthermore, the asymmetry in the atmospheric response to AMO is well supported by simulations with a suite of GFDL atmospheric model idealized experiments and four CMIP5 models historical experiments. Both observations and simulations indicate that Rossby waves propagating from the North Atlantic eastward to Eurasia emerge in the warm AMO and disappear in the cold AMO. Thus, the different propagations of Rossby waves, induced by the different surface thermal conditions of the warm and cold AMO, are the potential connection between the North Atlantic Ocean and central Eurasian climate, and may explain the asymmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nations increasingly trade electricity, and understanding the structure of the global power grid can help identify nations that are critical for its reliability. This study examines the global grid as a network with nations as nodes and international electricity trade as links. We analyze the structure of the global electricity trade network and find that the network consists of four sub-networks, and provide a detailed analysis of the largest network, Eurasia. Russia, China, Ukraine, and Azerbaijan have high betweenness measures in the Eurasian sub-network, indicating the degrees of centrality of the positions they hold. The analysis reveals that the Eurasian sub-network consists of seven communities based on the network structure. We find that the communities do not fully align with geographical proximity, and that the present international electricity trade in the Eurasian sub-network causes an approximately 11 million additional tons of CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of the speciesCremnops desertor(Linnaeus, 1758) and its complicated taxonomic history are discussed. A phylogenetic distance tree, based on COI data, is used to help delimit species. The recognition ofC. alternansEnderlein, 1920 andC. malayensisBhat, 1979 is proposed. Images, distribution maps, and suggestions for further research are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromosome numbers for 16 Hieracium s.str. species from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania and Serbia are given and their metaphase plates are illustrated. Chromosome numbers are published for the first time for H. filarszkyi Jáv. & Zahn 2n = 3x = 27, H. fritschianum Hayek & Zahn 2n = 3x = 27, H. fritzeiforme Zahn 2n = 3x = 27, H. hercegovinicum (Freyn & Vandas) Szeląg 2n=3x=27, H. nivimontis (Oborny & Zahn) Chrtek fil. 2n = 4x = 36, H. vagneri Pax 2n = 4x = 36, as well as three undescribed species of hybrid origin between H. olympicum Boiss. and H. sparsum Friv. 2n = 4x = 36, H. naegelianum Panc. and H. scardicum Bornm. & Zahn 2n = 3x = 27, and H. transylvanicum Heuff. and H. umbellatum L. 2n = 4x = 36. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observational and reanalysis data show that the surface air temperature (SAT) over most parts of Europe in June of 2019 broke the highest temperature on record. In this study, we investigate the factors for the formation of this record-breaking high temperature over Europe, focusing on the role of atmospheric circulation anomalies. A strong anomalous anticyclone appeared over Europe, with a quasi-barotropic vertical structure. On one hand, the downward motion anomalies associated with this anomalous anticyclone led to less cloud cover and an increase in downward shortwave radiation, which contributed to the SAT warming over Europe. On the other hand, southerly wind anomalies to the west side of the anomalous anticyclone also resulted in SAT warming via carrying warmer and wetter air northward from lower latitudes. The formation of the anticyclonic anomaly over Europe in June of 2019 was closely related to an atmospheric wave train propagating eastward from the mid-high latitudes of the North Atlantic to Eurasia. The atmospheric wave train over the North Atlantic–Eurasia region is suggested to be mainly related to the Atlantic–Eurasia teleconnection pattern. Further analysis indicates that a decrease in the local soil moisture over Europe may also have escalated the surface temperature warming through a positive land–atmosphere feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]