31 results on '"STATISTICS"'
Search Results
2. The Intersections Between Sexual Orientation, Latine Ethnicity, Social Determinants of Health, and Lifetime Suicide Attempts in a Sample Being Assessed for Entry to Co-Occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Treatment.
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Modeste-James, Akeem, Fitzgerald, Therese, Stewart, Emily, De Jesus, Diliana, Canuto, Melisa, Guzman, Micaurys, Mateo, Jessica, D'lppolito, Melinda, and Lundgren, Lena
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SUICIDE risk factors ,SUBSTANCE abuse treatment ,MENTAL illness treatment ,SEXUAL orientation ,SOCIAL determinants of health ,RESEARCH funding ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,INTERSECTIONALITY ,SUICIDAL behavior ,ODDS ratio ,STATISTICS ,CONFIDENCE intervals - Abstract
Purpose: Few studies have examined the relationship between the intersections of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) sexual orientation, Latine ethnicity, and lifetime suicide attempts in Latine individuals with substance use disorder. This study examines this intersection and controls for social determinants of health, mental health disorder symptoms, and substance use disorder symptoms in a sample of Latine adults entering treatment for co-occurring disorders. Method: Bivariate statistics and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze assessment data (n = 360) from a bilingual/bicultural integrated behavioral health system serving Latine communities in Massachusetts to examine the relationship between sexual orientation, Latine ethnicity, and history of lifetime suicide attempts. We controlled for social determinants of health, mental health disorders, and substance use disorder (SUD) factors significantly associated with lifetime suicide attempts at the bivariate level. Results: Over 27% of the sample and 35% of Puerto Ricans (PR) reported lifetime suicide attempts. The logistic regression identified that PR clients were 78% more likely to have attempted suicide in a lifetime compared to non-PR clients. Clients identifying as LGB were 3.2 times more likely to report having attempted suicide in their lifetime compared to heterosexual clients. Unemployed clients were 2.4 times more likely to report having attempted suicide in their lifetime compared to employed clients. Conclusion: Findings identify high rates of lifetime suicide attempts among LGBs and PRs entering SUD treatment. Targeted outreach and treatment efforts designed to address intersectionality for this underserved population are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Attachment Style and Emotional Regulation as Protective and Risk Factors in Mutual Dating Violence among Youngsters: A Moderated Mediation Model.
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Morales-Sanhueza, Jessica, Martín-Mora-Parra, Guadalupe, and Cuadrado-Gordillo, Isabel
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EMOTION regulation ,RISK assessment ,SEXUAL orientation ,EMPATHY ,INTIMATE partner violence ,DATA analysis ,ATTACHMENT behavior ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,STATISTICAL sampling ,HUMAN research subjects ,SAMPLE size (Statistics) ,CHI-squared test ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,INFORMED consent (Medical law) ,STATISTICS ,COLLEGE students ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,FACTOR analysis ,DATA analysis software ,DATING violence ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Violence in intimate partner relationships among young adults has become a global health problem given its prevalence and its negative effects on physical and psychological well-being. The severity of the problem has given rise to a large body of research that has attempted to find the variables associated with victimization in young couples (for example, attachment style, emotional regulation skills or empathy, among others). Moreover, traditionally, many of these investigations have only considered the point of view of female victims within a gender violence approach. However, in recent times, more and more evidence of the existence of mutual violence in young relationships has been found. These findings, combined with simplistic explanations of the phenomenon, have proven to be insufficient to prevent it. In this context, the main objective of this study was to investigate how some variables linked to dating violence interact with each other, modifying the mutual violence young people suffer and exercise. Considering this, different instruments were administered (the Experience in Close Relationships Scale (ECR-R); Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS-E); Basic Empathy Scale (BES); and Multidimensional Couple Violence Scale (EMVN)) to a sample of 557 young Chileans. The analysis of the results, based on the construction of a moderated mediation model, reveals that difficulties in emotional regulation are a predictor of violence in intimate partner relationships, whose direct and indirect effects on the violence exercised can be moderated by that partner's attachment style. The findings also reveal that there is no association between empathy and violence, and they highlight that both men and women are victims and aggressors at the same time. This demonstrate the need to consider prevention and intervention strategies aimed at both sexes, since intimate partner violence is mutual and reciprocal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Negative Associations between Minority Stressors and Self-Reported Health Status among Sexual Minority Adults Living in Colombia.
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Roldán, Paola, Matijczak, Angela, and Goffnett, Jacob
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SEXUAL orientation ,STATISTICS ,PSYCHOLOGICAL abuse ,SELF-evaluation ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,ASSAULT & battery ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,HEALTH status indicators ,INTIMATE partner violence ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,EXPERIENCE ,MINORITY stress ,SEXUAL minorities ,DISEASE prevalence ,LESBIANS ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,HEALTH insurance ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,SEX crimes ,SOCIAL attitudes ,PEOPLE with disabilities ,STATISTICAL models ,DATA analysis ,DATA analysis software ,GAY people - Abstract
Colombia has extensive laws prohibiting discrimination against sexual minority people. However, violence and discrimination toward sexual minorities are still frequent. While a growing body of research shows that sexual minority people experience elevated rates of discrimination and domestic abuse globally, little research has been conducted on these issues affecting sexual minorities in Colombia specifically. Using minority stress theory as a conceptual framework, this paper aims to fill this gap by examining the prevalence of experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) and witnessed discrimination and the relationship of these stressors to self-reported health among a national sample of sexual minority Colombians. We found that bisexual individuals experienced higher rates of physical and sexual IPV, compared to lesbian and gay individuals. Additionally, sexual minority Colombians who experienced IPV and witnessed discrimination were more likely to report having poorer health, compared to those who had not. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and clinicians working with sexual minority clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Access to and quality of care for sexual and gender minority women living with HIV in Metro Vancouver, Canada: Results from a longitudinal cohort study.
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Perrin, H, Shannon, K, Lowik, AJ, Rich, A, Baral, S, Braschel, M, and Deering, K
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MEDICAL quality control ,STATISTICS ,HEALTH services accessibility ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,SEXUAL minorities ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,CHI-squared test ,RESEARCH funding ,ODDS ratio ,DATA analysis software ,PSYCHOLOGY of HIV-positive persons ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Background: While scarce, literature suggests that women at the intersection of HIV status and gender and/or sexual minority identities experience heightened social and health disparities within health care systems. Objectives: This study examines the association between sexual and/or gender minority identities and: (1) experiences of poor treatment by health professionals and (2) being unable to access health services among a cohort of women living with HIV in Metro Vancouver, Canada. Design: Data were drawn from a longitudinal community–based cohort of women living with HIV (Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Women's Longitudinal Needs Assessment). Methods: We examined associations between sexual and/or gender minority identities and the two outcomes. We drew on explanatory variables to measure sexual minority and gender minority identities independently and a combined variable measuring sexual and/or gender minority identities. The associations between each of these three variables and each outcome were analysed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations for repeated measures over time. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are reported. Results: The study sample included 1460 observations on 315 participants over 4.5 years (September 2014 to February 2019). Overall, 125 (39.7%) reported poor treatment by health professionals and 102 (32.4%) reported being unable to access health care services when needed at least once over the study period. A total of 110 (34.9%) of participants reported sexual and/or gender minority identities, 106 (33.7%) reporting sexual minority identities, with 29 (9.2%) reporting gender minority identities. In multivariable analysis, adjusting for confounders, sexual minority identities, and combined sexual and/or gender minority identities were significantly associated with increased odds of experiencing poor treatment by health professionals (sexual minority adjusted odds ratio = 1.39 (0.94–2.05); sexual and/or gender minority adjusted odds ratio = 1.48 (1.00–2.18)) and being unable to access health services (sexual minority adjusted odds ratio = 1.89 (1.20–2.97); sexual and/or gender minority adjusted odds ratio = 1.91 (1.23–2.98)). In multivariable analysis, gender minority identities were not significantly associated with increased odds of experiencing poor treatment by health professionals (gender minority adjusted odds ratio = 1.38; 95% CI = 0.76–2.52) and being unable to access health services (gender minority adjusted odds ratio = 1.72; 95% CI = 0.89–3.31) possibly due to low sample size among women with gender minority identities. Conclusion: Our findings suggest the need for access to inclusive, affirming, trauma-informed health care services tailored specifically for and by women living with HIV with sexual and/or gender minority identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. Sexual orientation and gender identity differences in perceptions and product appeal in response to e-cigarette advertising.
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Liu, Jessica, Patterson, Joanne G., Keller-Hamilton, Brittney, Donghee N. Lee, Chrzan, Kirsten R., and Stevens, Elise M.
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SEXUAL orientation , *STATISTICS , *FLAVORING essences , *ELECTRONIC cigarettes , *SMOKING cessation , *CONSUMER attitudes , *ADVERTISING , *GENDER identity , *SEX distribution , *SEXUAL minorities , *RESEARCH funding , *TOBACCO products , *SMOKING , *STATISTICAL sampling , *DATA analysis , *HEALTH promotion - Abstract
INTRODUCTION E-cigarette use is disparately high among sexual minoritized populations. As e-cigarette advertising may influence product appeal, this study tested sexual orientation- and gender-based differences in response to e-cigarette advertisement exposure on advertisement perceptions and product appeal. METHODS We recruited 497 adults (mean age=31.9 years, 45.1% women, 54.3% heterosexual, 71.2% Non-Hispanic White) living in the United States via the crowdsourcing platform Prolific. Participants viewed two randomly selected e-cigarette advertisements (from n=173 advertisements). Post-exposure, participants rated the perceived advertisement effectiveness, relevance, and product use intention. Associations between sexual orientation and outcomes were estimated using multivariable linear mixed-effects models. We tested interaction effects between sexual orientation, gender, and advertisement feature (e.g. presence of humans, flavors, and product packaging), and ran Tukey post hoc tests for pairwise comparisons. RESULTS Post-exposure, heterosexual women, sexual minoritized men, and sexual minoritized women (reference group: heterosexual men) rated perceived advertisement effectiveness and relevance lower after viewing advertisements featuring flavors (vs no flavors; all p<0.001). Sexual minoritized men and sexual minoritized women rated perceived advertisement relevance lower after viewing advertisements featuring humans (all p<0.001) or fruit (all p<0.001). Heterosexual women, sexual minoritized men, and sexual minoritized women reported lower product use intention after viewing advertisements featuring an e-liquid bottle (vs no e-liquid bottle; all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Sexual minoritized women and men reported lower e-cigarette advertisement appeal and product use intentions than heterosexual men. More evidence is needed to understand advertisement perceptions and product appeal in this group to inform e-cigarette advertising regulations and anti-tobacco messaging campaigns that aim to reduce tobacco-related health inequities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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7. Concussion Exposure and Suicidal Ideation, Planning, and Attempts Among US High School Students.
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Kay, Jacob J. M., Coffman, Colt A., Harrison, Adam, Tavakoli, Abbas S., Torres-McGehee, Toni M., Broglio, Steven P., and Moore, Robert Davis
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SUICIDE risk factors , *SEXUAL orientation , *RESEARCH , *HIGH schools , *STATISTICS , *INFERENTIAL statistics , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *SELF-evaluation , *CROSS-sectional method , *AGE distribution , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *SPORTS injuries , *RECREATION , *RACE , *REGRESSION analysis , *SUICIDAL ideation , *SEX distribution , *RISK assessment , *PHYSICAL activity , *COMPARATIVE studies , *SURVEYS , *BRAIN concussion , *PSYCHOLOGY of high school students , *DESPAIR , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CHI-squared test , *VICTIMS , *STATISTICAL correlation , *CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) , *STATISTICAL sampling , *DATA analysis , *DATA analysis software , *ODDS ratio , *SADNESS , *BULLYING , *POISSON distribution , *DISEASE complications , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Interest is growing in the association between repetitive concussions and mental health. However, studies on the relationship between concussion frequency and adverse mental health outcomes among female and male youth are lacking. To examine the association between self-reported concussion frequency and nonfatal suicidal behaviors among youth and to explore the possible interaction of biological sex. Retrospective cross-sectional survey. National Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. United States secondary school students (N = 28 442). Exposure variables were the frequency of self-reported sport- or recreation-related concussion in the previous 12 months (0, 1, ≥2). Outcome variables were feelings of self-reported sadness or hopelessness and suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts. Covariates were age, sex, race and ethnicity, bullying victimization, sexual orientation, and physical activity. Students who reported ≥2 concussions were at significantly greater odds of reporting suicidal attempts (adjusted odds ratio = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.43, 2.88) when compared with students reporting a single concussive event during the past 12 months. However, sex interactions revealed that this finding may have been driven by males; the strength of associations did not increase from single to multiple concussions among females. Our findings suggest that adolescents who reported concussion were at increased odds of reporting poor mental health and suicidal behaviors. Moreover, an increased number of concussive events may be associated with significantly greater odds of reporting suicidal attempts, particularly among males. Irrespective of sex, health care professionals should closely monitor mental health behaviors in adolescents with repetitive concussions, especially those that occur in close temporal proximity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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8. Factors Affecting Anxiety-Related Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Among Collegiate Student-Athletes in the National College Health Assessment.
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Edwards, Brian and Froehle, Andrew William
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ANXIETY disorders treatment , *SEXUAL orientation , *STATISTICS , *COLLEGE athletes , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *CROSS-sectional method , *RACE , *MENTAL health , *SEX distribution , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ANXIETY disorders , *DATA analysis software , *ODDS ratio , *DATA analysis , *EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Increased attention continues to be placed on best practices for assisting student-athletes who show symptoms of a mental health illness. One of the most common mental health concerns for student-athletes is feeling overwhelmed or anxious. Early recognition of these symptoms can help student-athletes find early intervention. To elucidate specific attributes associated with an increased likelihood of anxiety symptoms and treatment avoidance to help athletic trainers and other practitioners better identify and assist high-risk individuals. Cross-sectional study. Colleges and universities in the United States. A total of 51 882 varsity athletes who completed the National College Health Assessment between 2011 and 2019. Survey responses (self-report) to questions related to anxiety symptoms and disorders cross-sectioned into 9 predictors: year in school, gender, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity, international student status, school type, received information on stress reduction or depression or anxiety, anxiety about impeding academic performance, and history of mental health treatment in the last year. More than three-fourths (82.9%, n = 43 016) of student-athletes reported feeling overwhelmed because of all that they had to do in their daily activities, whereas only half (47.5%, n = 24 645) of student-athletes described overwhelming anxiety as a symptom. Gender, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity, school type, and previous mental health treatment had large effects on these 2 symptoms. However, of the student-athletes who reported overwhelming anxiety as a symptom, only one-fourth (22.9%, n = 5649) indicated they received a diagnosis of anxiety with or without treatment. Factors such as the year in school and availability of mental health information appeared to have little effect on the experience of anxiety-related symptoms and the propensity to seek treatment. However, other factors, including gender, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity, school type, and previous mental health treatment, did have important effects. Our study provides additional evidence that the stresses placed on collegiate student-athletes frequently led to feelings of being overwhelmed and, eventually, anxiety disorder diagnoses. However, most student-athletes experiencing anxiety-related symptoms still did not seek a diagnosis with or without treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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9. The Impact of Sexual Violence on Quality of Life and Mental Wellbeing in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adolescents and Young Adults: A Mixed-Methods Approach.
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Burgwal, Aisa, Van Wiele, Jara, and Motmans, Joz
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WELL-being ,SEXUAL orientation ,STATISTICS ,FOCUS groups ,RESEARCH methodology ,AGE distribution ,MENTAL health ,GENDER-nonconforming people ,INTERVIEWING ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,GENDER identity ,SEX crimes ,QUALITY of life ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,SEX discrimination ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,ANALYSIS of covariance ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling ,THEMATIC analysis ,TRANSGENDER people - Abstract
Transgender (trans) and gender-diverse (GD) adolescents and young adults have remained largely invisible in health research. Previous research shows worse outcomes in health indicators for trans and GD people, compared to cisgender controls. Research on the impact of sexual violence focuses on mainly cisgender female adult victims. This study assessed the impact of sexual violence on the quality of life (QoL) and mental wellbeing (GHQ-12) among trans and GD adolescents and young adults, while taking into account the possible role of gender nonconformity in sexual violence and mental wellbeing. An online, anonymous survey and interviews/focus groups were conducted between October 2021 and May 2022 in Belgium. Multiple analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were used to assess the associations between sexual violence, mental wellbeing, and gender nonconformity, while controlling for different background variables (gender identity, sexual orientation, age, economic vulnerability, etc.). The interviews and focus groups were used to validate associations between variables that were hypothesized as important. The quantitative sample consisted of 110 respondents between 15 and 25 years old, with 30 trans respondents (27.3%) and 80 GD respondents (72.7%). A total of 73.6% reported experiences with sexual violence over the past two years (n = 81). The mean QoL score was 5.3/10, and the mean GHQ-12 score was 6.6/12. Sexual violence was not significantly associated with QoL (p = 0.157) and only marginally significantly associated with GHQ-12 (p = 0.05). Changing one's physical appearance to conform to gender norms, out of fear of getting attacked, discriminated against, or harassed was significantly associated with QoL (p = 0.009) and GHQ-12 (p = 0.041). The association between sexual violence and changing one's physical appearance to conform to gender norms was analyzed, to assess a possible mediation effect of sexual violence on mental wellbeing. No significant association was found (p = 0.261). However, the interviews suggest that sexual violence is associated with changing one's physical appearance, but this association is not limited to only trans and GD victims of sexual violence. Non-victims also adjust their appearance, out of fear of future sexual victimization. Together with the high proportion of sexual violence, as well as the lower average QoL and higher average GHQ-12 scores among trans and GD adolescents and young adults, compared to general population statistics, this highlights the need for policy makers to create more inclusive environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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10. Health disparities among millennial veterans by sexual orientation.
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Houghtaling, Laura and Osypuk, Theresa L.
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AMERICAN veterans , *SEXUAL orientation , *EVALUATION of medical care , *STATISTICS , *RESEARCH , *SOCIAL determinants of health , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *SELF-evaluation , *RESEARCH methodology , *CROSS-sectional method , *RESEARCH funding , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *HEALTH equity , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *DATA analysis software , *ODDS ratio , *EVALUATION - Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine sexual orientation-based disparities in six self-reported health outcomes among millennial aged military veterans. We collected data using The Millennial Veteran Health Study, a cross-sectional internet-based survey with extensive quality control measures. The survey was fielded April through December 2020 and targeted millennial aged veterans across the United States. A total of 680 eligible respondents completed the survey. We assessed six binary health outcomes: alcohol use, marijuana use, frequent chronic pain, opioid misuse, high psychological distress, and fair or poor health status. Using logistic regression adjusted for a range of demographic, socioeconomic, and military-based covariates, we find that bisexual veterans consistently report worse health than straight veterans for all six health outcomes tested. Results for gay or lesbian, compared to straight veterans, were less consistent. Sensitivity models with continuous outcomes, and stratified by gender, found similar results. These results have implications for improving the health of bisexual individuals, including addressing discrimination, belonging, and social identity, particularly in institutional settings that have traditionally heteronormative and masculine cultures such as the military. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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11. Key characteristics including sex, sexual orientation and internet use associated with worse mental health among university students in Brazil and implications.
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Paula, Waléria de, Pereira, João Marcos, Guimarães, Nathalia Sernizon, Godman, Brian, Nascimento, Renata Cristina Rezende Macedo do, and Meireles, Adriana Lúcia
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SEXUAL orientation ,LIFESTYLES ,STATISTICS ,PSYCHOLOGY of college students ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,INTERNET ,CROSS-sectional method ,SELF-evaluation ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,MENTAL health ,REGRESSION analysis ,MENTAL depression ,DISEASE prevalence ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ANXIETY ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,DATA analysis software ,POISSON distribution - Abstract
Background The symptoms of anxiety and depression disorders are multifactorial and can trigger a series of problems especially among university students. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors with anxiety and depression symptoms among first-semester university students at a Federal University in Brazil given the paucity of such data and the first semester is the most stressfultime. Methods Cross-sectional study with first-semester university students. The questionnaire included socio-demographic variables, lifestyles, health conditions and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Descriptive analysis was performed, followed by bivariate analysis and Poisson regression analysis. Results Three hundred and fifty-six students (65.2%) across a range of courses in their first semester participated. The prevalence of anxiety was 42.5% and depression 33.2%. Regarding symptoms of anxiety and depression disorders, a positive association was observed among females, non-heterosexual, non-white skin color, excessive internet use, lack of physical activity, not attending university parties, having psychological counseling, history of anxiety in first- or second-degree relatives, poor self-rated health and use of psychotropic medicines. Conclusions Due to the high prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms, the importance of developing programs to promote mental and physical health of university students is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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12. Medical avoidance among marginalized groups: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Holder-Dixon, Amani R., Adams, Olivia R., Cobb, Tianna L., Goldberg, Alison J., Fikslin, Rachel A., Reinka, Mora A., Gesselman, Amanda N., and Price, Devon M.
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OBESITY , *SEXUAL orientation , *RACISM , *STATISTICS , *DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) , *BLACK people , *HISPANIC Americans , *MEDICAL care , *REGRESSION analysis , *T-test (Statistics) , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *SEXUAL minorities , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *BODY mass index , *STATISTICAL models , *COVID-19 pandemic , *TRUST - Abstract
Medical avoidance is common among U.S. adults, and may be emphasized among members of marginalized communities due to discrimination concerns. In the current study, we investigated whether this disparity in avoidance was maintained or exacerbated during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed the likelihood of avoiding medical care due to general-, discrimination-, and COVID-19-related concerns in an online sample (N = 471). As hypothesized, marginalized groups (i.e., non-White race, Latinx/e ethnicity, non-heterosexual sexual orientation, high BMI) endorsed more general- and discrimination-related medical avoidance than majoritized groups. However, marginalized groups were equally likely to seek COVID-19 treatment as majoritized groups. Implications for reducing medical avoidance among marginalized groups are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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13. Homonegative Victimization and Perceived Stress among Adolescent Sexual Minority Males: The Attenuating Role of Peer and Family Support.
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Gordián-Arroyo, Alvin, Schnall, Rebecca, Garofalo, Robert, Kuhns, Lisa M., Pearson, Cynthia, Bruce, Josh, Batey, D. Scott, Radix, Asa, Belkind, Uri, Hirshfield, Sabina, and Hidalgo, Marco A.
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HIV prevention , *AFFINITY groups , *STATISTICS , *SEXUAL orientation , *SELF-perception , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *ONE-way analysis of variance , *HOMOPHOBIA , *MENTAL health , *VICTIM psychology , *EXPERIENCE , *CRONBACH'S alpha , *T-test (Statistics) , *SEXUAL minorities , *CHI-squared test , *STATISTICAL models , *FAMILY relations , *MEN who have sex with men , *DATA analysis software , *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress , *PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience , *GAY men , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Purpose: Research suggests social support may protect sexual minorities from the harmful effects of victimization that undermine mental and sexual health wellness; however, this relationship has been underexplored among a diverse youth population. We examined the association between lifetime homonegative victimization, perceived stress in the last month, and resilience factors among a diverse sample of adolescent sexual minority males. Methods: Data were collected between June 2018 and April 2020 as part of the MyPEEPS Mobile study, a multi-site randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a mobile behavioral HIV prevention intervention for adolescents living in the U.S. We analyzed baseline survey data from 542 sexual minority males, aged 13–18 years. We used bivariate analyses to examine relationships among variables and multivariable linear regression models to determine if resilience factors attenuated the association between homonegative victimization and perceived stress. Results: Perceived stress was positively associated with younger age, internalized homophobia, experiencing verbal victimization, threats of being outed, and threats of physical violence. Relying on online friends for support and having good family relations both attenuated the relationship between verbal victimization and perceived stress. However, neither of these resilience factors significantly weakened the associations between perceived stress, threats of physical violence, and being outed. Conclusion: Resilience factors, including peer and family support, may play an attenuating role in the relationship between homonegative victimization and perceived stress among adolescent sexual minority males. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03167606 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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14. Mental and sexual well-being in non-binary and genderqueer individuals.
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Kennis, Mathilde, Duecker, Felix, T'Sjoen, Guy, Sack, Alexander T., and Dewitte, Marieke
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COMPETENCY assessment (Law) , *WELL-being , *SEXUAL orientation , *STATISTICS , *PSYCHOLOGY of LGBTQ+ people , *HUMAN sexuality , *SELF-perception , *ONE-way analysis of variance , *GENDER dysphoria , *SATISFACTION , *GENDER identity , *T-test (Statistics) , *PSYCHOLOGICAL tests , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *CHI-squared test , *EMPLOYMENT , *MENTAL depression , *RESEARCH funding , *SEXUAL excitement , *DATA analysis software , *DATA analysis , *HOUSING , *ANXIETY , *BODY image , *EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Non-binary and genderqueer (NBGQ) individuals do not identify with a binary gender identity. Some but not all NBGQ individuals identify as transgender, and it is currently unclear on which aspects of mental and sexual well-being NBGQ and binary transgender individuals may differ. To compare NBGQ, binary transgender and cisgender individuals on variables related to mental well-being, sexual well-being, and sexual self-concept discrepancies. We conducted an online questionnaire study in 125 transgender men, 72 transgender women, 78 NBGQ individuals, 98 cisgender men, and 107 cisgender women. For most variables, NBGQ individuals did not differ from binary transgender individuals. These two groups differed only on gender dysphoria and transgender specific body image worries, which were both lower in the NBGQ group. Compared to the cisgender group, NBGQ individuals scored higher on gender dysphoria, actual/ought sexual self-concept discrepancies, and actual/ideal sexual self-concept discrepancies, and lower on general life satisfaction and sexual esteem related to body perception. These results offer a first quantitative analysis of sexual well-being in NBGQ individuals, and highlight that – while both groups face unique challenges – NBGQ individuals encounter similar difficulties concerning mental and sexual well-being as binary transgender individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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15. LGBTQ+ in ECE: Culture and (Non)Visibility.
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Yang, Jerry A., Sherard, Max K., Julien, Christine, and Borrego, Maura
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STUDENT attitudes , *LGBTQ+ students , *DIVERSITY in organizations , *LGBTQ+ identity , *COMPUTER engineers , *ETHNICITY - Abstract
Contribution: This article confirms the continued marginalization of undergraduate LGBTQ+ electrical and computer engineering (ECE) students and describes how they navigate their (non)visibility in engineering. Best practices to increase diversity and inclusion are discussed. Background: LGBTQ+ ECE undergraduate students experience a chilly, sometimes hostile climate in engineering. As a result, they experience lower sense of belonging, worse academic outcomes, and greater mental and emotional stress in their daily lives. Research Questions: How are LGBTQ+ ECE undergraduate students’ perceptions of ECE culture, sense of belonging, perceptions of discrimination, and (non)visibility affected by their identities? How do they navigate their (non)visibility in engineering contexts? How do LGBTQ+ ECE undergraduate students perceive and navigate engineering culture and their (non)visibility in engineering spaces, potentially integrating LGBTQ+, race, ethnicity, gender, and other identities into their perceptions? Methodology: A mixed-methods study with a survey and focus groups was conducted at a large southern public university in the United States. Survey participants included 854 undergraduate ECE students, of which 9% were strongly LGBTQ+. Focus group participants included 9 self-selected LGBTQ+ ECE students from the survey sample. Findings: LGBTQ+ ECE undergraduate students face noninclusive environments, marginalizing experiences, and cis-heteronormativity in engineering as a result of their multiple marginalized identities that intersect with their LGBTQ+ identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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16. Nurses' Implicit Attitudes Regarding Sexual and Gender Minorities | OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing.
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Howard, Carolyn M., Wofford, Linda G., and Phillippi, R. David
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SEXUAL orientation , *NURSES , *SELF-evaluation , *SECONDARY analysis , *STEREOTYPES , *DATA analysis , *T-test (Statistics) , *HUMAN sexuality , *LGBTQ+ people , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *TIME series analysis , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *NURSES' attitudes , *IMPLICIT bias , *CISGENDER people , *ONE-way analysis of variance , *STATISTICS , *SEXUAL minorities , *PSYCHOLOGICAL tests , *DATA analysis software - Abstract
Negative health impacts exist for individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or something other than heterosexual are critical. Nurses are on the front lines of delivering holistic patient care to everyone, and their potential biases regarding this vulnerable population may negatively affect care. The study used scores from two tests designed to measure implicit bias in individuals towards sexual and gender minorities (SGM). A retrospective design with secondary data from Project Implicit was conducted using the Transgender (2020) and Sexuality (2006 to 2020) Implicit Association Tests (IATs). We compared mean Transgender IAT scores of nurses to other health-related professions (n = 53,586) and investigated differences between nurses' Transgender IAT scores and self-identified explicit attitudes (n = 1558). A time-series of nurses' Sexuality IAT scores was also explored (N = 25,791). Our study findings demonstrated that nurses held the strongest implicit preference for cisgender people compared to other occupational groups. No significant difference was found between nurses' implicit and explicit preferences. Nurses' implicit attitudes about sexual orientation have trended toward less biased scores. Comprehensive nursing education and implementation of nursing practices that promote health and well-being for sexual and gender minority patients are needed to reduce biases and continue this trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
17. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Athletic Trainers: Collegiate Student-Athletes' Perceptions.
- Author
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Crossway, Ashley, Rogers, Sean M., Nye, Emma A., Games, Kenneth E., and Eberman, Lindsey E.
- Subjects
- *
ATHLETIC trainers , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *CHI-squared test , *COLLEGE athletes , *CONTENT analysis , *GROUNDED theory , *HELP-seeking behavior , *HUMAN comfort , *MEDICAL quality control , *SCIENTIFIC observation , *PHYSICIAN-patient relations , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *STATISTICS , *STUDENT attitudes , *SURVEYS , *TEACHER-student relationships , *THERAPEUTICS , *WORK environment , *QUALITATIVE research , *DATA analysis , *LGBTQ+ people , *PROFESSIONALISM , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *ATHLETIC associations , *PHYSICAL training & conditioning , *THEMATIC analysis , *CROSS-sectional method , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *MANN Whitney U Test , *KRUSKAL-Wallis Test - Abstract
Context: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) athletic trainers (ATs) face uncertain acceptance in the workplace. Objective: To examine the perceptions of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student-athletes toward ATs who identified as LGBTQ. Design: Cross-sectional design. Setting: Web-based survey. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 623 (males=212, females=403, other=8; age=19.7 6 1.4 years) NCAA student-athletes completed the survey. Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants completed a 19-item survey to assess their perceptions about the appropriateness of, quality of care from, and comfort with ATs who identified as LGBTQ. We asked 10 demographic questions and 2 questions regarding the student-athlete's exposure to individuals who identified as LGBTQ. Five matrix questions had 5 stems each to represent LGBTQ individuals on a 5-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree, 5=strongly agree) and 2 open-ended questions elicited qualitative data. We analyzed characteristics of central tendency to evaluate the level of appropriateness, quality of care, and level of comfort perceived by studentathletes of ATs who identified as LGBTQ. We used Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests for post hoc analyses where appropriate. We used grounded theory to identify themes in the answers to the open-ended questions. Results: Participants indicated they would seek health care and would feel comfortable approaching an AT who identified as LGBTQ. Participants agreed it was appropriate for an LGBTQ AT to work with both male and female sports and did not agree that health care provided by heterosexual and LGBTQ ATs differed. The open-ended responses revealed 4 themes: professionalism, upbringing, situational concerns, and concerns about specific populations that affected their perceptions. Conclusions: In general, the NCAA student-athletes had positive perceptions of ATs who identified as LGBTQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Differences in substance use between sexual orientations in a multi-country sample: findings from the Global Drug Survey 2015.
- Author
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Demant, Daniel, Hides, Leanne, Kavanagh, David J., White, Katherine M., Winstock, Adam R., and Ferris, Jason
- Subjects
AGE distribution ,ALCOHOLISM ,ANALYSIS of variance ,BISEXUALITY ,CHI-squared test ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,DRUGS of abuse ,FISHER exact test ,HETEROSEXUALITY ,HOMOSEXUALITY ,PROBABILITY theory ,RESEARCH funding ,SEX distribution ,SEXUAL orientation ,STATISTICS ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,SURVEYS ,WORLD health ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,DATA analysis ,TOBACCO products ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ODDS ratio ,MANN Whitney U Test ,KRUSKAL-Wallis Test - Abstract
Background This study examines substance use disparities among homosexual, bisexual and heterosexual adolescents and young adults from nine countries. Methods Data from 58 963 respondents (aged 16 and 35 years) to the 2015 'Global Drug Survey' were utilized. Rates of lifetime, last-year, last-month use and age of onset of 13 different substances were compared across sexual identity subgroups. Results Adolescents and young adults with a sexual minority identity generally reported higher rates of substance use and an earlier age of onset compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Differences in substance use were larger among female groups than male groups, and rates of substance use were generally higher among bisexuals than homosexuals of both genders. Conclusion Higher rates of substance use in bisexuals compared with homosexuals among both genders and larger differences between female groups highlight the importance of differentiating between sexual minority identities in substance use research, and in designing substance misuse interventions for people with a sexual minority identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Socio-demographic factors predicting HIV test seeking behaviour among MSM in 6 EU cities.
- Author
-
Mirandola, Massimo, Gios, Lorenzo, Davis, Ruth Joanna, Furegato, Martina, Breveglieri, Michele, Folch, Cinta, Staneková, Danica, Nita, Irina, and Stehlíková, Džamila
- Subjects
- *
DIAGNOSIS of HIV infections , *MEDICAL screening , *AGE distribution , *CHI-squared test , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *FACTOR analysis , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) , *PROBABILITY theory , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH funding , *SEXUAL orientation , *STATISTICS , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *DATA analysis , *SOCIAL attitudes , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *CROSS-sectional method , *DATA analysis software , *MEN who have sex with men , *ATTITUDES toward sex , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ODDS ratio , *KRUSKAL-Wallis Test , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Background: HIV testing is generally accepted as being the lynchpin of a prevention strategy to tackle the HIV epidemic among MSM. However, few studies have analysed in detail the factors that influence HIV test seeking behaviour. Methods: The objective of this article is to analyse the relationship between HIV test seeking behaviour and individual, social and demographic factors in a sample of MSM recruited though a multi-centre bio- behavioural cross-sectional study. A multi-level analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with HIV test seeking behaviour. Results: A total of 2400 men were included in the sample. Age, self-reported sexual orientation, residence, household composition, educational status and perceived homonegativity all seem to impact on test seeking behaviour. Conclusions: The results suggest the need for more targeted testing promotion strategies among MSM that take structural and environmental factors into consideration, as part of a comprehensive public health strategy to address the HIV epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Internalized homophobia, mental health, sexual behaviors, and outness of gay/bisexual men from Southwest China.
- Author
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Wenjian Xu, Lijun Zheng, Yin Xu, and Yong Zheng
- Subjects
- *
PREVENTION of psychological stress , *MENTAL health , *BISEXUAL people , *FACTOR analysis , *PSYCHOLOGY of gay men , *RESEARCH methodology , *HOMOPHOBIA , *PUBLIC health , *HUMAN sexuality , *SEXUAL orientation , *STATISTICS , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *SOCIAL attitudes , *SOCIAL support , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ODDS ratio , *PSYCHOLOGY , *PREVENTION - Abstract
Background: Social attitudes toward male homosexuality in China so far are still not optimistic. Sexual minorities in China have reported high levels of internalized homophobia. Methods: This Internet-based study examined the associations among internalized homophobia, mental health, sexual behaviors, and outness among 435 gay/bisexual men in Southwest China from 2014 to 2015. Latent profile analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, univariate logistic regression, and separate multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: This descriptive study found the Internalized Homophobia Scale to be suitable for use in China. The sample demonstrated a high prevalence of internalized homophobia. Latent profile analysis suggested a 2-class solution as optimal, and a high level of internalized homophobia was significantly associated with greater psychological distress (Wald = 6.49, AOR = 1.66), transactional sex during the previous 6 months (Wald = 5.23, AOR = 2.77), more sexual compulsions (Wald = 14.05, AOR = 2.12), and the concealment of sexual identity from others (Wald = 30.70, AOR = 0.30) and parents (Wald = 6.72, AOR = 0.49). Conclusions: These findings contribute to our understanding of internalized homophobia in China, and highlight the need to decrease gay-related psychological stress/distress and improve public health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Comparing Self-Reported and Partnership-Inferred Sexual Orientation in Household Surveys
- Author
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Simon Kühne, Martin Kroh, and David Richter
- Subjects
Interviewer effects ,Interviewer Effect ,Survey methodology ,Statistics ,Context (language use) ,Surveys ,HA1-4737 ,Measurement error ,surveys ,sexual orientation ,interviewer effects ,General partnership ,Respondent ,ddc:330 ,Sexual orientation ,survey methodology ,Survey data collection ,Lesbian ,Social psychology ,measurement error - Abstract
Research comparing heterosexuals with bisexuals and homosexuals in economics and the social sciences typically relies on two strategies to identify sexual orientation in existing survey data of general populations. Probing respondents to self-report their sexual orientation is generally considered the preferred option. Since self-reports are unavailable in most large multidisciplinary surveys, often researchers infer sexual orientation from the gender-constellation of a respondent’s partnership instead. Based on German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) data, this article reviews both strategies empirically in the context of a household panel survey. The analysis shows that self-reported and partnership-inferred sexual orientation are not mutual substitutes, instead leading to substantively different conclusions about differences between heterosexuals and LGBs (Lesbian, Gays, and Bisexuals). The article discusses problems of non-coverage in partnership-inferred sexual orientation and also investigates measurement error in self-reported sexual orientation, finding notable mode and interviewer effects.
- Published
- 2019
22. Intersections between Sexual Identity, Sexual Attraction, and Sexual Behavior among a Nationally Representative Sample of American Men and Women
- Author
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Mishel, Emma
- Subjects
050402 sociology ,Population ,population ,Identity (social science) ,Developmental psychology ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Sexualities ,gay ,quantitative ,0504 sociology ,sexual orientation ,education ,Sexual identity ,education.field_of_study ,Sexual attraction ,Statistics ,05 social sciences ,Attraction ,sexuality ,HA1-4737 ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology ,Cohabitation ,050903 gender studies ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences ,Sexual orientation ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences ,0509 other social sciences ,Lesbian ,Psychology ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Gender and Sexuality - Abstract
Social scientists struggle on how to best operationalize and measure sexual orientation. Depending on the survey, researchers can use self-reports of lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) identity, same-sex partner cohabitation, same-sex sexual attraction, or same-sex sexual behavior. All measures come with their own limitations. To illuminate differences in these measures, this study examines the intersections between self-reported sexual identity, attraction, and behavior among a nationally representative sample of US men and women aged 15–45. I explore how and when the three measures align, examine the determinants of self-identifying as gay or bisexual based on sexual behavior and attraction, and assess gender differences in the patterns. I find that about 20% of women and 10% of men aged 15–45 would comprise the LGB community if it were defined to include those who report at least one of the following: gay or bisexual identity, any same-sex attraction, or same-sex sex in the last year. This is much higher than the 6.4% of women and 3.6% of men aged 15–45 who self-identify as LGB. I conclude with recommendations that can aid in measurement of the LGB population, and discuss implications for using certain measures over others when conducting research on the LGB community.
- Published
- 2019
23. Measuring Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in the National Crime Victimization Survey
- Author
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Timothy Gilbert, Preeti Vaghela, Rachel Morgan, and Jennifer L. Truman
- Subjects
Research design ,Sexual identity ,education.field_of_study ,030505 public health ,Data collection ,05 social sciences ,Population ,victimization ,Statistics ,Criminology ,sexual identity ,HA1-4737 ,03 medical and health sciences ,National Crime Victimization Survey ,050903 gender studies ,sexual orientation ,Transgender ,Sexual orientation ,national crime victimization survey ,0509 other social sciences ,Lesbian ,gender identity ,0305 other medical science ,education - Abstract
The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) collects information on nonfatal personal and property crimes both reported and not reported to police. As part of the ongoing redesign efforts for the NCVS, the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) added sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) questions to the survey’s demographic section in July 2016. The inclusion of these measures will provide important national-level estimates of victimization among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people and allow researchers to understand victimization risk and access to victim services. This article includes a discussion of the sexual orientation and gender identity measures that were added to the NCVS, and findings from the monitoring activities conducted during the first six months of data collection. In addition, population counts by sexual orientation and gender identity are estimated using July through December 2016 NCVS data.
- Published
- 2019
24. Can They and Will They? Exploring Proxy Response of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in the Current Population Survey
- Author
-
Renee Ellis, Jennifer Edgar, Robin L. Kaplan, Matt Virgile, and Jessica Holzberg
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,sogi measurement ,Best practice ,Statistics ,Population ,Cognition ,Focus group ,federal surveys ,HA1-4737 ,Transgender ,Sexual orientation ,proxy reports ,Lesbian ,education ,Proxy (statistics) ,Social psychology - Abstract
Within the United States Federal Statistical System, there has been interest in capturing sexual orientation (SO) and gender identity (GI), collectively known as SOGI, on surveys to allow researchers to estimate the size and distribution of sexual and gender minority populations. SOGI measurement in federal surveys may also help to identify disparities between people who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) and those who do not in domains such as health, crime, or employment. Although research has been conducted on best practices for SOGI measurement in surveys, it has largely been limited to examination of self-reports. Many federal surveys use proxy reports, when one person generally responds for all household members. This research used cognitive interviews and focus groups to explore proxy response to SOGI questions. We explored potential sources of measurement error in proxy responses to SOGI questions, including sensitivity, difficulty, as well as the willingness and ability of respondents to answer SOGI questions about other household members. We also conducted paired interviews with members of the same household to assess level of agreement for SOGI questions. Findings suggest that measuring SOGI by proxy may be feasible in federal large-scale, general population surveys.
- Published
- 2019
25. Are Sexual Minorities Hard-to-Survey? Insights from the 2020 Census Barriers, Attitudes, and Motivators Study (CBAMS) Survey
- Author
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Yazmín A García Trejo, Nancy Bates, and Monica Vines
- Subjects
sogi ,education.field_of_study ,Statistics ,05 social sciences ,Population ,050401 social sciences methods ,social sciences ,htc ,Census ,Proxy (climate) ,HA1-4737 ,0506 political science ,Level of Effort ,lgbt ,Geography ,hard-to-count ,0504 sociology ,050602 political science & public administration ,Sexual orientation ,Vulnerable population ,education ,Empirical evidence ,Demography - Abstract
As a stigmatized and vulnerable population, sexual minorities are often assumed to also be a hard-to-survey population. Despite this implicit assumption, there is little empirical evidence on the topic. Using a nationally representative survey that included sexual orientation (the Census Barriers, Attitudes, and Motivators Survey), we examine level of effort, the Census Bureau’s Low Response Score (LRS), and stated intent to respond to the 2020 Census as proxy measures to explore this assumption. We found no evidence that sexual minorities required higher levels of effort to secure participation in the survey. Additionally, we found that compared to straight respondents, lesbians, gays, and bisexuals had a higher intent to respond to the 2020 Census. We surmise the current social climate in the United States may be a contributing factor to these findings.
- Published
- 2019
26. Asking about Sexual Identity on the National Health Interview Survey: Does Mode Matter?
- Author
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Sarah S. Joestl, James M. Dahlhamer, and Adena M. Galinsky
- Subjects
question sensitivity ,Sexual identity ,Interview ,mode of administration ,05 social sciences ,Statistics ,Identity (social science) ,050109 social psychology ,Moderation ,Article ,HA1-4737 ,Sexual minority ,field experiment ,050903 gender studies ,sexual orientation ,Sexual orientation ,National Health Interview Survey ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Mode effect ,item nonresponse ,0509 other social sciences ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Privacy, achieved through self-administered modes of interviewing, has long been assumed to be a necessary prerequisite for obtaining unbiased responses to sexual identity questions due to their potentially sensitive nature. This study uses data collected as part of a split-ballot field test embedded in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to examine the association between survey mode (computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) versus audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI)) and sexual minority identity reporting. Bivariate and multivariate quantitative analyses tested for differences in sexual minority identity reporting and non-response by survey mode, as well as for moderation of such differences by sociodemographic characteristics and interviewing environment. No significant main effects of interview mode on sexual minority identity reporting or nonresponse were found. Two significant mode effects emerged in subgroup analyses of sexual minority status out of 35 comparisons, and one significant mode effect emerged in subgroup analyses of item nonresponse. We conclude that asking the NHIS sexual identity question using CAPI does not result in estimates that differ systematically and meaningfully from those produced using ACASI.
- Published
- 2019
27. Ethnic differences in the links between benefit finding and psychological adjustment in people living with HIV.
- Author
-
Fekete, Erin, Chatterton, Michael, Skinta, Matthew, and Williams, Stacey
- Subjects
- *
ADAPTABILITY (Personality) , *AFFECT (Psychology) , *ANALYSIS of covariance , *ANALYSIS of variance , *ANXIETY , *CHI-squared test , *MENTAL depression , *PSYCHOLOGY of HIV-positive persons , *PROBABILITY theory , *RACE , *SELF-evaluation , *PSYCHOLOGY of the sick , *STATISTICS , *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress , *T-test (Statistics) , *DATA analysis , *INDIVIDUAL development , *DATA analysis software , *MINORITY stress , *ATTITUDES toward illness - Abstract
The article focuses on a study related to psychological adjustment and benefit finding in HIV patients with different ethnicity. Topics discussed include stronger association between psychological adjustment and benefit finding in blacks as compared to white people, faster disease progression and severe illness symptoms in ethnic minority populations and dependency of links between ethnicity, adjustment and benefit finding on sexual orientation.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The proportion of the population of England that self-identifies as lesbian, gay or bisexual: producing modelled estimates based on national social surveys
- Author
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Mauro Fornasiero, William Lee, Kerryn Husk, and Sanne van Kampen
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Sexual Behavior ,Population ,lcsh:Medicine ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Modelling ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Statistics ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,lcsh:Science (General) ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Demography ,Health inequality ,Response rate (survey) ,education.field_of_study ,030505 public health ,Geography ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,General Medicine ,Models, Theoretical ,Missing data ,Health equity ,Research Note ,England ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Sample size determination ,Sexual orientation ,Systematic review ,Female ,Lesbian ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Weighted arithmetic mean ,lcsh:Q1-390 - Abstract
Objectives There is currently no widely accepted estimate of the proportion of people in England that self-identifies as lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB), which is needed if we are to compare health inequality between different population groups. Using systematic review methods, this study identified all national social surveys with a question on sexual orientation and pooled those which represented the overall population of England. LGB proportions were synthesized into an aggregated mean estimate using weights based on sample size, response rate and missing data. The modelled estimate was stratified by socio-demographic and geographical variables. Results Twenty-two national surveys were identified of which 15 were suitable for pooling. Synthesis resulted in a weighted mean estimate of 2.50% of the adult population of England identifying as LGB or ‘other’. The proportion was highest in men, people below 45 years of age and the London region. The (theoretical) upper limit was 5.89% if all non-responders were assumed to identify as LGB. The reported 2.50% presents a minimum and may be influenced by respondents’ perceptions of confidentiality and social acceptance. It is however the most robust estimate currently available and can be used as baseline to understand health and wellbeing needs of different groups. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-017-2921-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2017
29. Understanding sexual orientation and health in Canada: Who are we capturing and who are we missing using the Statistics Canada sexual orientation question?
- Author
-
Christoffer Dharma and Greta R. Bauer
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Canada ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Sexual Behavior ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Identity (social science) ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Statistics ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Homosexuality ,Aged ,media_common ,Sexual identity ,030505 public health ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Reproducibility of Results ,Health Status Disparities ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Health Surveys ,Attraction ,Sexual minority ,Community health ,Sexual orientation ,Female ,Quantitative Research ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Public health research on inequalities in Canada depends heavily on population data sets such as the Canadian Community Health Survey. While sexual orientation has three dimensions – identity, behaviour and attraction – Statistics Canada and public health agencies assess sexual orientation with a single questionnaire item on identity, defined behaviourally. This study aims to evaluate this item, to allow for clearer interpretation of sexual orientation frequencies and inequalities. METHODS: Through an online convenience sampling of Canadians ≥14 years of age, participants ( n = 311) completed the Statistics Canada question and a second set of sexual orientation questions. RESULTS: The single-item question had an 85.8% sensitivity in capturing sexual minorities, broadly defined by their sexual identity, lifetime behaviour and attraction. Kappa statistic for agreement between the single item and sexual identity was 0.89; with past year, lifetime behaviour and attraction were 0.39, 0.48 and 0.57 respectively. The item captured 99.3% of those with a sexual minority identity, 84.2% of those with any lifetime same-sex partners, 98.4% with a past-year same-sex partner, and 97.8% who indicated at least equal attraction to same-sex persons. CONCLUSION: Findings from Statistics Canada surveys can be best interpreted as applying to those who identify as sexual minorities. Analyses using this measure will underidentify those with same-sex partners or attractions who do not identify as a sexual minority, and should be interpreted accordingly. To understand patterns of sexual minority health in Canada, there is a need to incorporate other dimensions of sexual orientation.
- Published
- 2017
30. The burden of HIV infection among men who purchase sex in low- and middle-income countries – a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Author
-
Rebecca Guy, Luh Putu Lila Wulandari, and John M. Kaldor
- Subjects
Male ,RNA viruses ,Epidemiology ,Social Sciences ,HIV Infections ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cost of Illness ,Immunodeficiency Viruses ,Sociology ,Prevalence ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Global health ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Virus Testing ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Statistics ,HIV diagnosis and management ,Middle Aged ,Metaanalysis ,Medical Microbiology ,HIV epidemiology ,Viral Pathogens ,Meta-analysis ,Viruses ,Physical Sciences ,Infectious diseases ,Pathogens ,0305 other medical science ,Research Article ,Adult ,Risk ,Medical conditions ,Adolescent ,Science ,Sexual Behavior ,Population ,Viral diseases ,CINAHL ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Microbiology ,Sexual and Gender Issues ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Risk-Taking ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Retroviruses ,Humans ,Statistical Methods ,education ,Developing Countries ,Microbial Pathogens ,Sex work ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Lentivirus ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,HIV ,Sex Work ,Medical Risk Factors ,Relative risk ,Sexual orientation ,business ,Mathematics ,Demography - Abstract
BackgroundSince the start of the HIV epidemic, transactional sexual relationships have been considered to present a high risk of HIV transmission to both the client and the person offering the sexual service. However, prevention research and programs have focused predominantly on sex workers rather than on their clients, who are generally men. To support effective and targeted interventions, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence of the prevalence of HIV infection among men who purchase sex (MWPS) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and the association between HIV infection and purchase of sex.MethodsWe included articles that reported from LMICs on the prevalence of HIV in MWPS and those that reported on HIV prevalence among both MWPS and non-MWPS in the same study, or any information which allowed calculation of the prevalence. We defined MWPS as heterosexual males (not men who purchase sex or individuals of other sexual orientation) who purchased sex mostly from women (and not men), or who have had sexual contact with female sex workers (FSWs). We searched Medline, Global Health, Scopus, Embase and Cinahl for articles published up until 1 March 2020. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model to estimate the pooled HIV prevalence and the relative risk (RR) of HIV infection associated with purchasing sex.ResultsOf 34862 studies screened, we included 44 studies (59515 men, 47753 MWPS) from 21 countries. The pooled HIV prevalence among MWPS was 5% (95%CI: 4%-6%; I2 = 95.9%, p < 0.001). The pooled HIV prevalence calculated from studies that reported data collected pre-2001 was highest, i.e. 10% (95% CI: 6%-14%; I2 = 91.2%, p < 0.001), compared to studies whose data was collected between 2001-2010, i.e. 4% (95%CI: 2%-6%; I2 = 96.6%, p < 0.001), and from 2011 and beyond, i.e. 3% (95% CI: 2%-5%; I2 = 94.3%, p < 0.001). For studies which included comparisons of HIV infection among MWPS and non-MWPS, the relative risk of HIV infection was consistently higher among MWPS than among non-MWPS within the same study, with the overall pooled relative risk of 1.95 (95%CI: 1.56-2.44; I2 = 84.3%, p < 0.001), and 2.85 (95%CI: 1.04-7.76; I2 = 86.5%, p < 0.001) for more recent studies.ConclusionsThis review represents the first comprehensive assessment of the burden of HIV among MWPS in LMICs. We found that HIV prevalence was elevated compared to the population as a whole, and that there was a strong association between purchasing sex and HIV prevalence. Despite a reduction over time in prevalence, these data highlight that MWPS need better access to HIV preventive interventions.
- Published
- 2020
31. Data Needs for Emerging Research Issues in Bully and Violence Prevention
- Author
-
Dorothy L. Espelage
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Ecology (disciplines) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Public health ,Academic achievement ,Education ,Educational research ,Statistics ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Sexual orientation ,medicine ,Center (algebra and category theory) ,Homosexuality ,Psychology ,Curriculum ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,media_common - Abstract
School violence and bullying are two public health concerns with consequences for youth in and out of school, for families, students, and community members. In this article, a social-ecological framework is briefly described as a way to understand bullying and school violence; then the National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES) longitudinal and cross-sectional data sets are described in detail. Data that assess bullying and/or school violence are described, and recommendations for additional items are proposed. In general, a longitudinal, multisite, multi-informant study is needed to address definitional and etiological issues related to school violence and bullying so that prevention efforts can be developed, implemented, and evaluated that incorporate multiple levels of the ecology, including peers, schools, communities, and neighborhoods.
- Published
- 2015
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