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The influence of Covid-19 pandemic crisis on rates of return is analyzed in this paper in the light of possible data manipulation related to reporting systems provided by the administration in the USA, Turkey and Poland. The study used various methods of analyzing the relationship of a discrete, non-discrete and dichotomous data nature between the studied variables. As a result, the strongest reaction of the market was observed in Turkey followed by the USA and Poland. It can be concluded that the reaction of the surveyed markets was influenced by the data manipulations. The added value of the article is related to the use of various methods to study phenomena and detect the impact of data manipulation on the markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hearing loss that arises from various causes at different stages of life has a direct impact on individuals' physical and mental well-being. This paper aimed to evaluate the employment, workplace adaptation, productivity, and professional success of individuals who have hearing loss and whose hearing loss is corrected with a cochlear implant. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected between November 2022 and March 2023 with the participation of individuals with cochlear implants living in several settlements in all regions of Türkiye. A total of 142 participants with severe hearing loss who were corrected with a cochlear implant were included in this study. The survey method was used to collect data for the study. The questionnaire consisted of 32 questions and was distributed to the participants online. In the first part of the questionnaire (questions 1–10), the general characteristics of implant patients were investigated. In the second part (questions 11–32), the positive or negative effects of implantation on the work lives of the participants were evaluated. Almost half of the research group (49.3%, n = 70) consisted of women, and the mean age of the participants was determined to be 35.8 ± 14.8 years. There was no significant difference between gender, educational status, implanted side, working time, working style (physical, desk), and factors affecting work life (p > 0.05). Professional satisfaction and success at work increased significantly more in those with acquired hearing loss (p = 0.010). Post-implantation workplace compliance, success, and productivity were found to be higher in those with acquired hearing loss (p = 0.013). Hearing loss had a significantly less negative impact on work performance in those implanted in childhood than in those implanted in adulthood (p = 0.043). It was observed that hearing loss had a greater negative impact on the work life of married people (p = 0.006). Cochlear implantation greatly enhances workplace satisfaction, increases self-confidence, and has a positive impact on the future of profoundly deaf individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper carried out an empirical study on Return on Assets (ROA), total assets turnover, financial leverage, working capital, and debt-to-equity ratio. This study investigated commercial banks operating in Turkey. A secondary data collection method is used for the data collected from fifteen commercial banks. These banks' financial reports were examined from 2011 to 2022. A line graph is presented for each balance that tells us the volatility ratio in the variables, the unit root test applied to resolve the unit root problem, and the cointegration test used for long-term relationships among variables. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound test was performed to measure the short-run and long-run effects. Financial leverage, debt-to-equity ratio, and working capital have short- and long-run effects on ROA. Total asset turnover has only long-run effects on ROA in the Turkish banking industry. This study will be beneficial for investment managers, financial specialists, treasurers, and controllers of the banking industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Based on the dynamic capability theory, the purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of the adaptive capability of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) on the relationship between business ties and firm performance. This study also investigates the moderating role of technological turbulence in those relationships. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 1,265 SME managers in Turkey. Partial least squares analysis, a variance-based structural equation modelling, was applied to examine a mediated moderation model. Findings: The results support the proposed framework illustrating that business ties are positively related to adaptive capability and firm performance. Moreover, adaptive capability mediates the relationship between business ties and firm performance. The results also indicate that the indirect effect of business ties on firm performance through adaptive capability was moderated by technological turbulence. Practical implications: SMEs in emerging economies need to enhance their business ties and invest in their adaptive capabilities to increase their performances. This relation becomes more strategic under technologically turbulent environments. Originality/value: By introducing empirical data from the Turkish emerging context, this paper contributes to our understanding of how SMEs' relational networks contribute to firm performance. From the dynamic capability perspective, it shows how SMEs use their adaptive capabilities to environmental challenges. It also fills an important gap by showing that environmental uncertainties (specifically technological turbulence) moderate the adaptive capability's mediating impact on the relationship between business ties and firm performance. The results also provide potential future directions for dynamic capabilities research in emerging contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uncertainties related to runout distances in shallow landslide analyses may not only affect lives but may also result in economic losses. Owing to the increase in shallow landslides, which are especially triggered by heavy rainfall, runout distances have been investigated to decipher whether applications of a functional runout distance are feasible. This paper aims to give insights into the modeling of the shallow landslide runout probability in Eocene flysch facies in the Western Black Sea region of Türkiye. There are two main stages in this study—which are dominated by empirical models, the detection of initiation points, and propagation—which help us to understand and visualize the possible runout distances in the study area. Shallow landslide initiation point determination using machine learning has a critical role in the ordered tasks in this study. Modified Holmgren and simplified friction-limited model (SFLM) parameters were applied to provide a good approximation of runout distances during the propagation stage using Flow-R software. The empirical model parameters suggested for debris flows and shallow landslides were investigated comparatively. The runout distance models had approximately the same performance depending on the debris flow and shallow landslide parameters. While the impacted total runout areas for the debris flow parameters were predicted to amount to approximately 146 km2, the impacted total runout areas for the shallow landslide parameters were estimated to be about 101 km2. Considering the inclusion of the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 precipitation scenarios in the analyses, this also shows that the shallow landslide and debris flow runout distance impact areas will decrease. The investigation of runout distance analyses and the inclusion of the RCP scenarios in the runout analyses are highly intriguing for landslide researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservatism is a political philosophy that tends to preserve traditions and reject drastic change. Türkiye has a long experience of political conservatism due to the Kemalists’ radical secularization. The Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi-AK PARTİ) is an entity that recently champions political conservatism in Türkiye. Despite having many differences, Türkiye and Malaysia share similarities as progressive, modern, and democratic Muslim countries. This paper aims to discuss AK PARTİ’s political conservatism and analyze to what extent it can be made as an example for the sustainability of Islam in Malaysia. To fulfill this objective, primary and secondary sources related to AK PARTİ’s conservatism discourse have been referred to be used as the basis of analysis of lessons that can be taken for the sustainability of Islam in Malaysia. The comparative analysis method has also been used to compare the context of Türkiye and Malaysia to understand the limitations of lessons that Malaysia can learn based on the experience of conservatism in Türkiye. As a party with a conservative democratic ideology, AK PARTİ manages to uphold political conservatism within the context of modern democracy. This success results from a synthesis between the demands of conservatism and democracy. The political conservatism in Türkiye can be made as an example for Malaysia, especially in preserving Islam as the federal religion, the existence of the king institution, the Malay-Muslim identity, and the true essence of Islam as a societal-unifying force. This paper argues that in the Malaysia context, conservatism is an important political philosophy to be upheld in order to preserve the harmony and stability of the plural society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the mid-1990s, Turkey has experienced a massive increase in sub-Saharan African migrants. According to the U.S. Department of State's 2021 report on trafficking in Turkey, in 2019, there were 276 victims of human trafficking. This paper examines the issue of human trafficking through the lens of the concept of deceptive trafficking. The cases of eight victimized women trafficked to Turkey from sub-Saharan Africa are examined, and their responses are thematically analyzed using migration theories with a focus on Van Hear's model. The testimonies of these sub-Saharan African women exploited by human traffickers serve as the foundation for this study. The paper reveals the circumstances that give rise to the practice of human trafficking and the factors that maintain its existence in sub-Saharan African countries. The results highlighted the vulnerability of African women as a target for international and transnational human trafficking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rampant terrorism poses a serious threat to the national security of many countries worldwide, particularly due to separatism and extreme nationalism. This paper focuses on the development and application of a temporal self-exciting point process model to the terror data of three countries: the US, Turkey, and the Philippines. To account for occurrences with the same time-stamp, this paper introduces the order mark and reward term in parameter selection. The reward term considers the triggering effect between events in the same time-stamp but different order. Additionally, this paper provides comparisons between the self-exciting models generated by day-based and month-based arrival times. Another highlight of this paper is the development of a model to predict the number of terror events using a combination of simulation and machine learning, specifically the random forest method, to achieve better predictions. This research offers an insightful approach to discover terror event patterns and forecast future occurrences of terror events, which may have practical application towards national security strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an effort to investigate the principal challenges associated with further enlargement of the European Union. The specific focus of the analysis is the case of Turkey as a real dilemma for the EU. The eastward expansion of the European Union poses multi-dimensional concerns. These concerns relate to political, economic, cultural and geostrategic delicate questions that are perceived as crucial issues for the Union. However, it should be pointed that this is a game that cannot be played unilaterally by a single actor such as the EU. It also depends on how Turkey will play the game of integration which-however-is principally led by the Union. Considering this, the paper is organised in four main sections. The first section introduces -political challenges from the EU enlargement towards Turkey, the second section introduces -economic challenges and it is followed by the two last sections with -geostrategic and -identity issues ending with some -brief conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes possible ways of acquiring Turkish citizenship in relation to those Syrians in Turkey who are under temporary protection status. The paper initially provides an overview of the types of international protection statuses under Turkish law following which temporary protection status is examined. Next, the Turkish Citizenship Act is analyzed through the status of Syrians in Turkey. In this regard, initially, the acquisition of Turkish citizenship through kinship and general neutralization are explained, following which exceptional ways of acquisition is elaborated upon. Then, acquiring Turkish citizenship through marriage is explained which is followed by the final section on acquisition of Turkish citizenship through adoption. In providing such explanations, Council of State decisions that reflect the discretionary powers of the administrative authorities as well as the interpretations under the doctrine are taken into account. While certain particularities and restrictions under the relevant laws exist and the discretionary powers of the administrative authorities as well as Turkish public policy concerns may cause obstacles, the Turkish Citizenship Act provides possible legal grounds for the naturalization of Syrians under temporary protection in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informal recycling workers (IRWs), including waste pickers (WPs) and waste sorters, are essential constituents of sustainable ecosystems in many cities in the Global South. Despite their valuable contributions to the economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable urban waste recycling, most IRWs work in precarious conditions. This paper examines recent efforts by local municipalities in Izmir to implement co-production design as a new institutional arrangement to generate green jobs for informal workers that provide high and stable incomes, job security, and social recognition. Using qualitative analyses of recent developments in the legal framework and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, this paper identifies the following challenges associated with the current co-production efforts as its main findings: the lack of fiscal and legislative support from the central government; failure to include all IRWs in the co-production schemes; and the potential exclusion of marginalized communities due to the arbitrary requirements of a security clearance, which limit the inclusion of IRWs in co-production efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy & Peace is the property of Ihsan Dogramaci Peace Foundation, Center for Foreign Policy & Peace Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy & Peace is the property of Ihsan Dogramaci Peace Foundation, Center for Foreign Policy & Peace Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Motif Academy Journal of Folklore is the property of Motif Yayincilik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ESTOA: Revista de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Cuenca is the property of ESTOA Revista de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Cuenca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central European Agriculture is the property of Journal of Central European Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a reconstruction of history and traditions linked to Aeolian identity in Asia Minor, concentrating on the archaiologiai and other mythical accounts about the Aeolian cities and with a primary focus on creating and reconstructing Kyme's history. The origins of these poleis are connected with the so-called "Aeolian migration", whose tradition is reported by Herodotus (1.149-151) and Strabo (13.1.3): this account is linked to the origins of Kyme too and it is based on the Aeolian founders who landed on the new territory, previously populated by an autochtonous ethnos (Pelasgians). The literary sources attest another account concerning the origins of this polis, which is based on the role of the Amazons (who represent the "otherness") as founders and eponymous of the city (Hecat., FGrHist 1 F226; Strabo 11.5.4; 12.3.21; 13.3.6; Mela 1.18.90; Steph. Byz., s.v. Κύμη). The identity of the Aeolians in Asia Minor alternatively is constructed on these traditions, which are interpreted by modern scholars as piece of "intentional and perceived history": such accounts would be a literary creation, composed of the memories and perceptions of the Aeolian ethnos, who needed to represent its origins at certain moment of its history. Following the current historiographical methodologies, this paper will examin the literary sources about the foundation stories and mythical accounts relating to the Aeolian city of Kyme and will try to give a reconstruction of its history and identity. Moreover, considering a wider perspective, the paper will focus on the creation of early historiographical representations of Aeolians' past and will investigate the mechanisms with which the Aeolian history and identity have been elaborated by the ancient authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakültesi Dergisi DTCF Dergisi is the property of Ankara Universitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakultesi (DTCF Dergisi) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sirnak University Journal of Divinity Faculty / Sirnak Üniversitesi Ilahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Sirnak University, Journal of Divinity Faculty / Sirnak Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The concept of co-working has gradually grown in importance and new types of workplaces have increased in Istanbul in step with global trends. As the most populated city in Turkey, Istanbul hosts the largest number of co-working spaces (CWSs) in the country. This paper describes the types of CWSs in Istanbul. In this context, the paper is organized around two main topics: the physical structure and the non-physical structure of CWSs. The physical structure of CWSs refers to the type of building, layout, and architectural features, as well as the facility management services and ancillary spaces that CWSs provide. The non-physical structure of CWSs covers the financial structure, community structure, organization and management structure, decisionmaking structure, partnership structure, and communication structure of CWSs. In this framework, 20 CWSs in Istanbul (87 locations in total, including multiple branches in the city) were empirically studied through face-to-face interviews, observations, websites, and advertisements analysis. The main result of the analysis reveals that CWSs have different characteristics and cannot be encompassed in one type for the case of Istanbul. In this context, four different co-working types were identified in Istanbul. These are chain CWSs, lifestyle CWSs, community-oriented CWSs, and service-oriented CWSs. The results of the study contribute to the literature for a better understanding of CWSs in an urban context. They also help to understand the changing working environment in Istanbul and Turkey, which has been largely overlooked by the literature to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the use of religion by an authoritarian ruling party to delegitimize political opposition through securitization. The case study presented is the ruling AKP in Turkey, which initially promised to desecuritize the Kurdish issue to co-opt the Kurdish opposition but eventually resorted to the demonization narratives and repressive policies of the secular Turkish state; however, in addition to labeling the Kurdish opposition as terrorists, the AKP deployed religion to legitimize its repressive policies on religious grounds. The Turkish case shows that not in legitimizing (via desecuritization), but in delegitimizing opposition (via securitization) religion has been the main tool deployed by the ruling party. This finding needs to be tested in other contexts and cases. Additionally, since this paper only focuses on the narrative of the AKP's religious delegitimization, further research is needed to measure its efficacy and impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, logistics is one of the most important tools in disaster relief operations. The logistic planning is essential and a key component in covering the initial needs in the immediate aftermath of any disaster. Planning is both necessary and practical, as it is generally possible to predict the types of disasters that should affect a given location and the needs that such disasters will be likely to cause. Transport planning, reception and distribution of emergency supplies, type and quantity of the resources, the way of procurement and storage of the supplies, the tools of the tracking and means transportation to the stricken area, the specialization of teams participating in the operation and plan of cooperation between these teams, are some vital life-saving coordination roles after natural disasters are connected directly to logistic planning. Turkey is located in one of the most active earthquake and volcanic regions which causes to many major earthquake-prone, in the world with a majority of the population living in these earthquake-prone areas. Earthquakes are one of the major disasters that require emergency logistic planning strategies due to their devastating effects, the large-scale natural disasters could cause major problem on commodities such as food, medicine etc. In this paper, a game theoretical model for emergency logistic planning is developed. To do this a cooperative game model is constructed from a flow problem which occurred after an earthquake in Istanbul. Several solution concepts for maximizing the transferred commodity are given. The paper ends with a conclusion and outlook to future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emission of air pollutants from energy production and consumption is a major cause of environmental problems. In addition, urbanisation and CO2 emissions have become major environmental concerns that are closely related to climate change and sustainable economic growth. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-run relationship among CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic activities, and management issues for Turkey for the period between 1980 and 2021. The STIRPAT hypothesis and the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis were employed by using dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) and ARDL bound methodologies for these goals. The findings indicate that there is a long-run relationship between variables of the STIRPAT model. The coefficient of economic expansion and energy consumption affected CO2 emissions positively, which means that energy consumption and the expansion of economic activity have significant effects on environmental degradation. Those results are also confirmed by the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) model. In addition, the N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is developed for Turkey. The DCC model also shows that economic growth increases CO2 emissions significantly, and energy productivity can be considered for decreasing CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Professional sport occupies a prominent cultural position in societies across the globe and commercial organisations make use of this to promote their products. The present scoping review explores existing academic literature on the relationship between professional sports clubs and food and drink marketing and considers how this relationship may impact upon the public's health.Design: The scoping review searched six databases. Experts were also consulted. Records written in languages other than English were excluded. We also excluded records relating to mega events (e.g. Olympics, Football World Cup) and alcohol marketing, because of the attention already given to these.Setting: Professional sports clubs.Results: We identified 18 166 titles, reviewed 163 abstracts and read twenty-six full texts. We included six papers in the review. Four were from Australia and New Zealand. The Australasian literature focused largely on the marketing of foods and beverages to children and the potential impact on consumption. Single papers from researchers in Turkey and the USA were identified. The Turkish paper analysed shirt sponsorship in football leagues internationally and showed food and beverage (including alcohol) companies were the most common sponsors. The US paper examined a mixed reaction to a football team named after an energy drink.Conclusions: Commercial relationships between professional sports clubs and Big Food corporations have largely eluded scrutiny in much of the world. The current review highlights the lack of public health research on these relationships. Research exploring the interdependent commercial practices of food and drink companies and professional sports clubs is urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents insights from two interview studies with the aim of shedding light on the learning potential of studying abroad in an area where English is used as a lingua franca. The majority of previous research on study abroad focuses on students' experiences of studying abroad in target-language regions, for example learners of English studying abroad in English-speaking countries. To date, the learning potential of spending time in English as a lingua franca (ELF) contexts remains an under-researched area. The present paper draws on two separate interview studies that have been conducted with five Turkish and five Swiss study abroad students that stayed in different European ELF contexts as part of their studies at higher education institutions. The data suggests that even though the participants still partially adhere to native speaker norms, they also discuss a number of characteristics of English as a lingua franca study abroad (ELFSA) contexts that they deem conducive to learning English and enhancing their plurilingual competences.

The goal of the study is to reorganize agricultural business management's owning small, fragmented, and dispersed lands according to modern agricultural business management thus ensures less usage of time, labour force and fund, take advantages of production factors and increase in productivity of agricultural business managements, increase agricultural production, and ameliorate life standards of inhabitants in the rural area. The paper is based on a large literature in the field and information from TVK about land consolidation. The results reflected that Turkey has implemented Land Consolidation activities for 1 million hectares per year to correct the unfavorable situation caused by inheritance traditions and other reasons. In the first years of the program, inheritance regulations were not perfectly organized, so applications encountered issues. In 2014, new regulations were implemented to prevent land division but did not have a beneficial effect on the development of enterprises. To ensure compensation for land value when they move away, Land Banking applications are needed. The Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock developed a GIS based web portal named "TVK" to track and monitor all the activities performed during the management of Land Consolidation Projects. TVK ensures following content to be executed: Contract Management, Project Management and Monitoring, Schedule Planning and Monitoring, Operation Management and Monitoring, Data Management (Textual and Geographical), Estimated Cost Calculation for a LCP by using unit price pool, Progress Payment Management and Monitoring, Final Account Calculation, Interim and Final Acceptance Procedures, Official Letters, Official Reports, Project Statistics, Geographical Data Marking, Correction, Comparison, Redlining, Mobile applications and E-government integration. TVK has instant and online access to governments Land Registry and Cadastre Information System, Central Population Information System, Address Registration System, Agricultural Information System and Agricultural Parcel Information System. TVK is developed with open-source technologies and compatible with OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) and ISO standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction industry in many developing countries is considered the main engine for economic growth. Quantification of the resilience of the construction industry in developing economies is essential for stakeholders and decision makers. Many researchers have attempted to quantify the construction industry's resilience in the context of developed economies; however, there is lack of established measures of such quantification in developing countries. This paper proposes a framework for the composition of an index that quantifies the resilience of the construction industry in developing countries. The proposed framework is demonstrated in the context of three developing countries: Rwanda, Egypt, and Turkey. The index is composed of measures such as the construction value added to a country's gross domestic product (GDP) and employment in construction. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is utilized for weighting and aggregation of the individual variables. Studying the causal relationship between construction growth and economic development from 1971 to 2022, results show that construction growth leads to economic development in each of the three countries. Results of the proposed index values indicate that the construction industry in each of the three countries demonstrated increased resilience by sustaining both its outputs and its employment generation aspect in the two years following the coronavirus pandemic in 2019. Quantification of the construction industry's resilience in countries where the construction growth leads to the economic growth would provide a crucial insight for stakeholders and decision makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the ways refugees in displacement manage to organize themselves and act upon their needs. The growing recognition in the UN system of the importance of localization of aid and the potential role played by local actors has given refugee-led organizations (RLO) a space to grow. In this paper, we analyze refugee agency and solidarity through the organization of the refugee communities in Turkey, Jordan, and Lebanon. In doing so, we examine: (1) the reasons behind the creation of these organizations and their dynamics; (2) the role of host states toward this drive to organize refugee communities; and (3) the patterns, forms, and structures that these organizations take in providing humanitarian services, as well as community support and empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines whether multilevel transnational cooperation makes a difference in refugee protection, especially in protracted displacement. In response to the forced migration of millions of Syrians to Turkey starting in 2011, the EU and Turkish government published a joint statement in March 2016. The so-called EU-Turkey deal (EUTD) provided a substantial flow of money (EUR 6 billion in four years) from the EU to Turkey. In return Turkey had to commit to contain and control migration movement toward the EU. In social science, there are quite diverse evaluations of the EUTD. Whereas some studies focus on its effectiveness and efficiency in reaching the outlined goals, other publications stress its geo-political effects on migrants' mobility and (externalized) border control. Meanwhile some studies look for points to improve the EUTD while others criticize it fundamentally. This article analyzes the involvement of different types of international governmental and non-governmental organizations (IGOs and INGOs) in the four main action fields of the EUTD and its implicit side effects on the Turkish regime of migration management. It first summarizes some crucial findings and pending questions in the social science literature. Based on analysis of available documents and our own interviews in Turkey, we then shed light on the organizations involved in the implementation of the EUTD and its effects on the Turkish regime of refugee protection. In 2022, Turkey hosted some 3.7 million Syrian refugees of a total of almost four million registered international forced migrants. The EUTD of 2016 was mainly a response by the EU to the large numbers of Syrian refugees arriving in its members' territories. When more than 1.2 million asylum seekers were registered in the then EU-28 in 2015 alone — more than twice the number in the preceding year — some EU member states (MS) negotiated with the Turkish government (Eurostat 2015, 2016). Based on a meeting of the European Council and its "Turkish counterpart" the so-called "EU-Turkey statement" was published on March 18 in 2015 (European Council 2016). From the very beginning, this EUTD was controversial — both in public discussions and in the social science literature. Was it primarily a payment from the EU to the Turkish government for externalizing its responsibilities of refugee protection? Or was it an appropriate measure for sharing the burden of an urgent humanitarian crisis? Was the money spent for refugee-oriented humanitarian aid and development expenses or was it instrumentalized by the Turkish government for its own ends? How did refugee related IGOs and INGOs participate in the management of the EUTD? In the following sections, we focus on some selected aspects of the role of national and international, governmental and non-governmental organizations active in the field of refugee protection, specifically the role and cooperation dynamics of these refugee related organizations (RRO) in implementing the Facility for Refugees in Turkey (FRIT) as part of the EUTD. Based on expert interviews in Turkey and an analysis of spending under the EUTD, the paper analyzes (1) how the landscape of RROs developed in the context of the EUTD, (2) how the budget of the EUTD was spent, and (3) how the cooperation between these RROs developed. The paper adds new insights into the contradictory dynamics between organizing services for refugees and controlling and containing refugee movements to the EU, between assisting and instrumentalizing forced migrants in Turkey, and between humanitarian aid and development activities. Especially the last point is relevant for contexts of protracted displacement as instruments of immediate humanitarian assistance have to be combined with means of longer-term development. From a perspective of organizational sociology, it argues that the EUTD contributed to a multi-level transnational organizational field of refugee protection, where collective and corporate actors relate in conflict and cooperation between the poles of rational self-interests and mutually recognized norms, between control-oriented state authorities up to grass root action networks. Analysis of the EUTD enables us to draw out specific insights and practical lessons for a broader audience. Before presenting our own empirical findings we first will sketch out the broader landscape of social science research and analysis of the EUTD. 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Websites are important in every organisation and tremendous effort is made to design websites that not only look and feel good, but are usable and of high quality. Nevertheless, one critical task is how to evaluate these websites to ensure that users are satisfied with its quality and usability. Although a variety of methods and approaches have been proposed, there is currently an increase in research efforts to model website quality and usability evaluation from the point of view of decision-makers which existing methods do not handle. Thus, this has led to the application of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches in the evaluation of websites to handle complexity in decision-making. This paper, therefore, provides a review of the various MCDM methods that have been used in the usability and quality evaluation of websites. The search strategy which was adopted identified a total of 63 published articles in peer-reviewed journals and international conferences between 2005 and 2017. From the research questions formulated for the study, the papers were classified into various MCDM approaches, website genre, number and list of criteria used over the years and the localization of websites based on country. Some of the findings showed that the Analytical Hierarchy Process approach integrated with fuzzy logic has been the most common method over the years. In addition, e-commerce websites make up the most common website genre. Besides, currently most active websites are from Turkey and five is the average number of criteria for the evaluation of website quality and usability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dokuz Eylul University Journal of Graduate School of Social Sciences is the property of Dokuz Eylul University Graduate School of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The occupation of Crimea determined the Crimean Tatars to react with obvious and clear-cut response: condemning the Russian aggression against the Ukrainian territorial integrity. This paper aims to analyze the post-2014 Crimean hybrid conflict situation of the Crimean Tatars, by investigating how the Crimean Tatars conditions have evolved under the Russian invasion forces for the last five years. In order to understand the post-2014 situation, the paper also focuses and examines the forced deportation (Sürgün or the Soviet Genocide), as well as Turkey's foreign policy reactions toward this regional conflict. Civil disobedience and nonviolent strategy of the Crimean Tatars have been used to pressure the Russian public opinion and political elites regarding the unlawful and unfair act toward the Ukrainian and Crimean sovereignty. In addition, the Crimean Tatars have voiced their concerns and demands in the international political arenas. Overall, the paper focuses on the repercussions of the Crimean crisis from political, psycho-social and international perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is aimed to determine the awareness level of the elements registered in the name of Turkey in the list created within the scope of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, in terms of "recognition" and "experience", and to present suggestions for the safeguarding, sustainability and transmission of cultural heritage to next generations based on the awareness level. In this respect, the online survey developed based on the literature was applied to the citizens of Republic of Turkey aged over 20 between January 24 - March 28, 2021. The survey questions only consist of the elements in the Representative List. A total of 1550 people from seven regions of Turkey responded to the survey. Descriptive statistics and Importance-Performance Analysis were used to analyze the data. As a priority, in the list created within the scope of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, the public awareness and experience levels of nineteen intangible cultural heritage elements registered in the name of Turkey have been determined and the awareness level of each intangible cultural heritage elements has been identified. As a result of the analysis of the data, the intangible cultural heritage elements are located in the Familiarity- Experience matrix. According to the findings obtained as a result of the positioning, 5 intangible cultural heritage elements with a high level of awareness were identified: "Turkish Coffee and Tradition", "Karagöz", "Nevruz", "Flatbread Making and Sharing Tradition: Lavash, Katırma, Jupka, Yufka" and "Spring Festival Hıdırellez". The "familiarity" and "experience" levels of these elements are high and it is important to carry out studies for their safeguarding and sustainability. It has been determined that five intangible cultural heritage elements with high "familiarity" levels and low "experience" levels have a partial awareness level. These elements are; "Kırkpınar Oil Wrestling Festival", "Marbling: Turkish Paper Decoration Art", "Dede Korkut-Korkut Ata Heritage: Culture, Legends and Music", "Mevlevi Sema Ceremonies" and "The Tradition of Minstrelsy". It is important to concentrate on these elements and make an effort to develop them. It has been determined that the remaining 9 intangible cultural heritage elements have very low levels of both "familiarity" and "experience". It is necessary to take serious measures to ensure that these elements are not forgotten and disappeared by the society. These elements with very low awareness in the society are as follows; "Mesir Macunu Festival", "Miniature Art", "Traditional Conversation Meetings (Yaren, Barana, Sira Nights etc.)", "Traditional Tile Art", "Traditional Turkish Archery", "Meddah Tradition", "Alevi-Bektashi Ritual Semah", "Traditional Ceremonial Keskek" and "Traditional Intelligence and Strategy Game: Togyzqumalaq, Toguz Korgool, Mangala/Göçürme". Based on these findings, in order to increase the awareness level of intangible cultural heritage elements and to keep them alive, it is thought that it is necessary to use the media effectively, to raise awareness of the society from childhood, and the state to encourage and support activities in this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human communities suffered a vast socioeconomic burden in dealing with the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally. Real-word data about these burdens can inform governments about evidence-based resource allocation and prioritization. The aim of this scoping review was to map the cost-of-illness (CoI) studies associated with COVID-19. Methods: This scoping review was conducted from January 2019 to December 2021. We searched cost-of-illness papers published in English within Web of Sciences, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct and ProQuest. For each eligible study, extracted data included country, publication year, study period, study design, epidemiological approach, costing method, cost type, cost identification, sensitivity analysis, estimated unit cost and national burden. All of the analyses were applied in Excel software. Results: 2352 records were found after the search strategy application, finally 28 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Most of the studies were done in the United States, Turkey, and China. The prevalence-based approach was the most common in the studies, and most of studies also used Hospital Information System data (HIS). There were noticeable differences in the costing methods and the cost identification. The average cost of hospitalization per patient per day ranged from 101$ in Turkey to 2,364$ in the United States. Among the studies, 82.1% estimated particularly direct medical costs, 3.6% only indirect costs, and 14.3% both direct and indirect costs. Conclusion: The economic burden of COVID-19 varies from country to country. The majority of CoI studies estimated direct medical costs associated with COVID-19 and there is a paucity of evidence for direct non-medical, indirect, and intangible costs, which we recommend for future studies. To create homogeneity in CoI studies, we suggest researchers follow a conceptual framework and critical appraisal checklist of cost-of-illness (CoI) studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has evolved into an important provider of resources for developing countries, encompassing capital, know-how and expertise. China has also actively worked to strengthen diplomatic ties with developing regions since the early 2000s. Against this backdrop, the governments in many developing countries have moved to incorporate China as a significant factor in their geopolitical and geoeconomic considerations. Under the rule of the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP), Turkey has also sought to foster relations with China, particularly since the early 2010s. This pursuit has been further triggered by Ankara's strained relations with the United States and the European Union. Turkish political leadership envisions China as a potentially crucial partner that could enhance the country's autonomy in relation to the West. While this expectation has not entirely materialized so far, there is an ongoing debate regarding the extent to which China can potentially be a transformative actor in Turkey's position within the international order. This paper contributes to this debate by locating Turkey-China engagement within a broader context of China's power and influence in the developing world. The paper suggests that the potential for Turkey's cooperation with China is likely to remain relatively limited for the foreseeable future. This is not only due to Turkey's deeply rooted ties with the West, but also because of the nature of China's global power, which is more partial and not as deep as commonly assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ukraine and Türkiye are neighbouring countries with a long history of relations and partnership, extensive social communication, and mutual interest in regional and global stability. The trust between the two nations is significantly shaped by the increase in humanitarian contacts, which positively influences the development of political dialogue and bilateral cooperation in other areas. This research paper examines Turkish-Ukrainian relations in the humanitarian area between 1991 and 2021 from a historical perspective. The authors highlight key areas of cooperation, including education, culture, tourism, and social projects supporting Turkicspeaking national communities in Ukraine by the Turkish side, as well as the activities of Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar communities in Türkiye. Special attention is given to the Crimean Tatar factor in the humanitarian cooperation between Türkiye and Ukraine. The role of institutions such as the Yunus Emre Institute, the Turkish Agency for the Cooperation and Development (TIKA), and non-governmental organizations like the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar people is considered, along with the contributions of academic representatives in implementing humanitarian policies. The research methodology is based on the study of primary and secondary sources. The authors employed a chronological approach and comparative analysis. The aim of the paper is to analyze the dynamics, intensity, and results of TurkishUkrainian relations in the humanitarian area, to determine the main directions of these relations and the forms of their realization, and to identify the most influential entities in the formation and implementation of bilateral cooperation. The imbalance in TurkishUkrainian cooperation in the humanitarian area was identified. Bilateral cooperation in education, culture, and the humanitarian support of Turkic-speaking national minorities is characterized by more significant activity from the Turkish side than the Ukrainian one, and this imbalance should be addressed. The Ukrainian side should be more proactive in developing cooperation tools and intensifying its efforts. The present investigation resulted in several recommendations for improving cooperation between Türkiye and Ukraine in the humanitarian area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Şarhöyük/Dorylaion (Dorylaeum) is one of the largest mounds in central Anatolia and boasts a stratigraphical sequence that spans from the Late Chalcolithic period to the end of the 12th century AD. This paper focuses on a particular set of discoveries made at Şarhöyük, namely the Olynthus millstones, or the hopper-rubbers, which are generally considered as an important development stage from basic grinding mills to complex grinding techniques. Most of the millstones discovered were found in the Hellenistic layers, either in situ or in secondary contexts. With the exception of the mill with hand grips, all other samples that can be classified based on a certain typology belong to the Olynthus Mills group with Vertical Holes for Pivot, commonly referred to as Frankel’s Type II.4 or Bombardieri’s Type IIID.3e. However, it is plausible to suggest subtypes within this group. The aim of this study is to analyse a specific ‘eastern type’ Olynthus mill and the timeframe of its usage based on archaeological data from Şarhöyük/Dorylaion and its surrounding region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher education plays a significant role in the development and growth of a country. It improves the economy of the country and human capital. Higher education is one of the main stages of the educational career of an individual. Every country pays great emphasis on higher education and makes policies to improve the quality and facilities of higher education. The main aim of this paper is to propose a novel and optimal finance model for higher education in Türkiye. We analyze the key features and issues of various financing models of higher education used by different countries in the world. We also evaluate different aspects of financing mechanisms used in different states and the ways through which Türkiye can get an advantage from the experience of other countries. Our proposed financial model aims to assist in improving the quality of research and education in Türkiye as well as reduce the gap between the universities and industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Gallic invasion of Greece in 280/279 BC left a deep mark in the collective memory of the Greeks. From then on, they represented the Celts as the stereotypical ‘barbarians’ – primitive, wild, violent and without any culture of their own. As the newcomers had established permanent kingdoms in Thrace and Phrygia, however, both sides had to learn how to deal with each other. The paper asks how the rulers of the Galatians on both sides of the Bosporus handled this challenge and how this influenced their own identity. To go beyond existing research, the analysis draws both on the literary Greek sources and the coinage which the Eastern Celts started to produce in the 3rd century BC. It will be shown that the Galatian elites quickly adapted to the political practices of the Hellenistic world and confidently asserted their own place within it, mixing their own customs with Greek and local (Thracian, Anatolian) elements to create a unique blend of identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The meaning of the concept of freedom has constantly changed in history. In Ancient Greece, freedom referred to making a choice and doing something willingly; Hannah Arendt conceptualized it as a necessary discovery made by people in historical periods when the conditions for manifesting the idea of searching the same concept within oneself as an action were insufficient. Today, the concept of freedom has evolved into a dual meaning as negative and positive, shaped by the expressions of Isaiah Berlin. In this sense, the freedoms that we call classical freedoms, which the individual acquires because of being human, without considering the differences in religion, language, gender, and race, are evaluated in the context of negative freedoms. The basis of this understanding is the absence of pressure and coercion from the environment in which the individual lives rather than the creation of surplus value in the individual by external influence. However, with the deterioration of the freedom concept, the gains included in negative freedom have become a problem that the state needs to solve. The need for state intervention in creating a positive effect on the individual has emerged. The concept of positive freedom that emerged in this sense reveals itself in a structure that requires more than the intervention of others; it requires that individuals have control over their selves and that they have an active role in this dominance. Proponents of positive freedom argue that freedom means the individual dominates their own passions, desires, and all obstacles to self-realization. In order to achieve this, the state must firmly stand by the individual regarding collective freedoms. In this context, since the discussions on the concept of rights and freedoms in Turkey spread to negative and positive areas of freedom, this paper aims to show that presenting the concept with a single definition of freedom would be challenging. The re-reading has shown that the rights and freedoms in Turkey are derived from the concept of both positive and negative individual rights. However, it has been observed that the framers of the Constitution limited the fundamental rights and freedoms based on the idea that there should be a limit to the individual's rights and covered it in the necessary sections in the Constitution to ensure that the fundamental rights and freedoms could not be abused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Inquiry Based Activities (JIBA) / Araştırma Temelli Etkinlik Dergisi (ATED) is the property of Journal of Inquiry Based Activities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents information about some Mediterranean dolichopodid species and their habitat preferences, as well as distribution from the southern parts of Bulgaria and southeast Turkey. One new locality of Sybistroma discipes is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Analecta Política is the property of Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Sustainability is viewed as an encompassing perspective, as endorsed by the international policy context, driven by the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We aim to examine how women entrepreneurs transform capitals to pursue sustainability, and to generate policy insights for sustainability actions through tourism entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach: Applying qualitative approach, we have generated empirical evidence drawing on 37 qualitative interviews carried out in Turkey, whereby boundaries between traditional patriarchal forces and progressive movements in gender relations are blurred. Findings: We have generated insights into how women entrepreneurs develop their sustainability practice by transforming their available economic, cultural, social and symbolic capitals in interpreting the macro-field and by developing navigation strategies to pursue sustainability. This transformative process demonstrates how gender roles were performed and negotiated in serving for sustainability pillars. Research limitations/implications: In this paper, we demonstrate the nature and instrumentality of sustainable tourism entrepreneurship through a gender lens in addressing some of these SDG-driven challenges. Originality/value: We advance the scholarly and policy debates by bringing gender issues to the forefront, discussing sustainable tourism initiatives from the viewpoint of entrepreneurs and various members of local community and stakeholder in a developing country context where women's solidarity becomes crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Relations & International Law Journal / Seriâ Meždunarodnye Otnošeniâ & Meždunarodnoe Pravo is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Emergency & Intensive Care Medicine / Çocuk Acil ve Voğun Bakım Dergisi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When evaluating an area's seismic risk or resilience, it is necessary to use the spatial correlation to analyze the ground motion parameters of multiple sites together in an earthquake. These two large earthquakes in Türkiye provided the possibility for spatial correlation analysis of ground motion intensity measurements in this area. Based on the strong motion records provided by The Disaster and Emergency Management Authority of Türkiye (AFAD), this study uses the local ground motion prediction equation in Türkiye to give spatial correlation analysis of Intensity Measurements. This study gives an exponential model based on a semivariogram and compares it with the correlation model obtained from previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Drug utilization studies (DUS) provide a framework for drug utilization at the national or targeted population level and important information on unmet medical needs, particularly in assessing the rationality of drug use. We aimed to systematically review DUS conducted in Turkiye. METHODS: We examined 162 DUS with an accessible full-text, published as "research articles" and conducted in Turkiye between 2000 and 2021 using medical records and prescription data. We included English or Turkish papers with English abstracts. We examined the scientific characteristics of the publications, source of the data, place/time of collection, research designs, and studied drug groups. RESULTS: We found that 79.6% of articles were in English, 45.1% were listed in SCI/SCIE, and 63.0% were on the WOS platform with 3.5 (interquartile range: 1-15) citations. The mean study period and publication time were 2.9±3.1 and 2.9±2.1 years, respectively. The highest number of studies (17.9%) were published in 2021 and (26.5%) were conducted nationwide. We identified that 93.8% of the studies had retrospective design, 67.8% were conducted in secondary/tertiary health-care institutions, and 54.9% used direct hospital data. We detected that 68.5% of the studies were conducted on the general population, 19.1% on adults, 12.4% on children, and 44.4% were antibiotic oriented. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that a significant portion of the DUS, the trend of which has gained momentum in recent years, was antibiotic focused and conducted with a retrospective design from hospital-based data collected on the general patient population. This situation points to the necessity of expanding the existing DUS range by effectively using the new advantages provided by medical record databases and conducting more DUS that can provide critical clues for specific patients and drug groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]