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The study's goal was to develop a spore-based paper strip biosensor for detecting ß-lactam antibiotics in milk using the enzyme induction principle. A new spore-based paper strip biosensor has been developed after important operating parameters such as spore volume, substrate volume, exposure time and temperature, and incubation time and temperature were optimised. The limit of detection for various ß-lactam antibiotics, including amoxicillin, penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, cephalothin, cefalexin, cefoxitin, cefazolin, and cefuroxime, was determined in milk with detection sensitivity of 1 ppb, 2 ppb, 2 ppb, 10 ppb, 10 ppb, 10 ppb, 20 ppb, 10 ppb 1000 ppb, 10 ppb 300 ppb and 100 ppb, respectively. It was also tested with other contaminants such non-ß-lactam antibiotics, pesticides, aflatoxin, heavy metals, and other chemical contaminants, and no interference was found, indicating that the created biosensor had a low rate of false positive and negative results. In comparison to the AOAC-approved CHARM-ROSA ß-lactam strip test, which identified 7 raw milk and zero pasteurised milk samples positive for ß-lactam antibiotics, the sensor was further analysed and verified using 200 raw milk and 105 pasteurised milk samples. This indicates a perfect match between our biosensor and the AOAC-approved CHARM-ROSA ß-lactam strip test. The developed spore-based paper strip biosensors are expected to be useful in the rapid and cost-effective detection of ß-lactam antibiotic residues in milk samples at the dairy farm, reception dock, and production units, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is crucial that simple and high-throughput methods for determining multiple, or groups of, sulfonamides (SAs) be developed since they are widely used in animal husbandry and aquaculture. We developed a paper-based multicolor colorimetric aptasensor to detect 3 SAs: sulfaquinoxaline (SQ), sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMP) and sulfamethoxydiazine (SMD). Using a broad-specificity aptamer as a bioreceptor, we reduced the growth of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide I (NADH)–ascorbic acid (AA)-mediated gold nanobipyramids (AuNBPs) to generate a multicolor signal. We also used a paper-based analytical device (PAD) system to deposit AuNBPs for a sensitive color signal read out. The aptasensor can detect more color changes corresponding to the concentrations of SQ, SMP and SMD and has higher sensitivity, better specificity and stability. It can also be used to determine SQ, SMP and SDM individually, or collectively, or any two together with a visual detection limit of 0.3–1.0 µM, a spectrometry quantification limit (LOQ) of 0.3–0.5 µM and a spectrometry detection limits (LOD) of 0.09–0.15 µM. The aptasensor was successfully used to determine SQ, SMP and SDM in fish muscle with a recovery of 89–94% and a RSD n = 5) < 8%, making it a promising method for the rapid screening of total SQ, SMP and SDM residue in seafood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Application of an ambient MS method, paper spray MS, for sensitive and accurate analysis of antibiotic residues in foodstuff. • Multiplexed analysis of antibiotics with qualitative and quantitative capabilities. • High sensitivity/specificity, no need of analyte labelling, and readiness to couple with a miniature mass spectrometer. Abstract Antibiotics monitoring is of importance in providing healthy diets by preventing animal husbandry from antibiotic misuse. The development of paper spray provides a time-efficient strategy to analyze antibiotics in complex matrices without sample preparation. In this work, paper spray mass spectrometry was applied to identify and quantify nine antimicrobial residues in four antimicrobial families from four kinds of general food matrix, including beef, chicken meat, milk and egg. Samples were directly placed on the paper without any further sample treatment. The limits of detections (LODs) were obtained as 15.0 μg/kg for marbofloxacin in chicken meat, 15.0 μg/kg for difloxacin in chicken meat, 12.5 μg/kg for lincomycin in beef, 12.5 μg/kg for clindamycin in beef, 4.0 μg/kg for amoxicillin in milk, 4.0 μg/kg for penicillin-G in milk, 10.0 μg/kg for cloxacillin in milk, 12.5 μg/kg for minocycline in egg, and 6.2 μg/kg chlortetracycline in egg, respectively. All the LODs were in accordance with the restriction of maximum residue limits (MRLs) of antimicrobial residues announced by the Council Regulation 2377/90/EEC, which suggests a sufficient capability of the paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) method to rapidly screen antimicrobial residues in foods of animal origins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this review is to identify the microbiological alterations caused by various therapy modalities by critically analyzing the current findings. We limited our search to English-language papers published between 1 January 2004 and 7 May 2024 in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science that were relevant to our topic. In the search approach, the Boolean keywords "microbio*" AND "periodontitis" were used. A total of 5152 papers were obtained from the databases Web of Science (2205), PubMed (1793), and Scopus (1154). This resulted in 3266 articles after eliminating duplicates (1886), and 1411 entries were eliminated after their titles and abstracts were examined. The qualitative analysis of the 22 final articles is included in this study. Research on periodontal disease shows that periodontitis alters the oral microbiome and increases antibiotic resistance. Treatments like scaling and root planing (SRP), especially when combined with minocycline, improve clinical outcomes by reducing harmful bacteria. Comprehensive mechanical debridement with antibiotics, probiotics, EMD with bone grafts, and other adjunctive therapies enhances periodontal health. Personalized treatment strategies and advanced microbial analyses are crucial for effective periodontal management and antibiotic resistance control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) threatens progress in the control of TB. Mathematical models are increasingly being used to guide public health decisions on managing both antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and TB. It is important to consider bacterial heterogeneity in models as it can have consequences for predictions of resistance prevalence, which may affect decision-making. We conducted a systematic review of published mathematical models to determine the modelling landscape and to explore methods for including bacterial heterogeneity. Our first objective was to identify and analyse the general characteristics of mathematical models of DR-mycobacteria, including M. tuberculosis. The second objective was to analyse methods of including bacterial heterogeneity in these models. We had different definitions of heterogeneity depending on the model level. For between-host models of mycobacterium, heterogeneity was defined as any model where bacteria of the same resistance level were further differentiated. For bacterial population models, heterogeneity was defined as having multiple distinct resistant populations. The search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines in five databases, with studies included if they were mechanistic or simulation models of DR-mycobacteria. We identified 195 studies modelling DR-mycobacteria, with most being dynamic transmission models of non-treatment intervention impact in M. tuberculosis (n = 58). Studies were set in a limited number of specific countries, and 44% of models (n = 85) included only a single level of "multidrug-resistance (MDR)". Only 23 models (8 between-host) included any bacterial heterogeneity. Most of these also captured multiple antibiotic-resistant classes (n = 17), but six models included heterogeneity in bacterial populations resistant to a single antibiotic. Heterogeneity was usually represented by different fitness values for bacteria resistant to the same antibiotic (61%, n = 14). A large and growing body of mathematical models of DR-mycobacterium is being used to explore intervention impact to support policy as well as theoretical explorations of resistance dynamics. However, the majority lack bacterial heterogeneity, suggesting that important evolutionary effects may be missed. Author summary: The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB), where the causative bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis is resistant to key antibiotics such as rifampicin and isoniazid, poses a significant threat to TB control efforts. To gain a broader understanding of the challenges surrounding DR-TB, mathematical models are increasingly being employed to estimate the impact of interventions, effectiveness of treatment, and to predict the evolution of drug-resistance. However, pragmaticism surrounding model construction often means that important aspects, such as bacterial heterogeneity, are overlooked. We undertook a systematic review of the existing DR-mycobacterium modelling literature, with the specific aim of capturing methods for including bacterial heterogeneity. Our analysis revealed that most models of drug-resistance in mycobacteria primarily focus on intervention strategies and cost-effectiveness analyses, with minimal attention to bacterial heterogeneity. Where heterogeneity is included it mostly consisted of different fitness costs for resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The excessive use of pesticides and drugs, coupled with environmental pollution, has resulted in the persistence of contaminants on food. These pollutants tend to accumulate in humans through the food chain, posing a significant threat to human health. Therefore, it is crucial to develop rapid, low-cost, portable, and on-site biosensors for detecting food contaminants. Among various biosensors, polymer-based biosensors have emerged as promising probes for detection of food contaminants in recent years, due to their various functions such as target binding, enrichment, and simple signal reading. This paper aims to discuss the characteristics of five types of food pollutants—heavy metals, pesticide residues, pathogenic bacteria, allergens, and antibiotics—and their adverse effects on human health. Additionally, this paper focuses on the principle of polymer-based biosensors and their latest applications in detecting these five types of food contaminants in actual food samples. Furthermore, this review briefly examines the future prospects and challenges of biosensors for food safety detection. The insights provided in this review will facilitate the development of biosensors for food safety detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, antibiotics are widely used, increasing the risk of contamination of the water body and further threatening human health. The traditional water treatment process is less efficient in degrading antibiotics, and the advanced oxidation process (AOPs) is cleaner and more efficient than the traditional biochemical degradation process. The combined ozone/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) advanced oxidation process (O3/PMS) based on sulfate radical (SO4•−) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) has developed rapidly in recent years. The O3/PMS process has become one of the most effective ways to treat antibiotic wastewater. The reaction mechanism of O3/PMS was reviewed in this paper, and the research and application progress of the O3/PMS process in the degradation of antibiotics in drinking water and wastewater effluent were evaluated. The operation characteristics and current application range of the process were summarized, which has a certain reference value for further research on O3/PMS process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass mortality events (MMEs) threaten the health of fish and are also a potential threat to the health and safety of workers. This paper presents findings from a desktop risk assessment exercise focused on potential aquaculture occupational health and safety (AOHS) hazards and risks associated with MMEs in Chile. The study reviews academic and grey literature, government regulations and MME reports and statistics to assess the scale and distribution of MMEs; identifies associated documented and potential health and safety hazards; and documents and assesses policy responses to MMEs in the Chilean context through the lens of health and safety. The paper documents the size and regional distribution of salmon MME occurrences in Chile from 2016 to 2022. It discusses AOHS hazards associated with MMEs such as exposure to hydrogen sulfide, drowning and diving-related illnesses and potential issues around accessing hospitals and hyperbaric chambers for workers in remote aquaculture regions, as well as exposure to antibiotics and antibiotic residues. Recent Chilean regulatory requirements around reporting and management of MMEs that have the potential to help reduce identified MME-related risks for workers are described and addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In line with the development of industrial society, wastewater has caused multiple environmental problems. Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in water and wastewater are persistent, and for this reason they can cause serious problems for human health, animal health, and the whole environment. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to apply efficient methods for the treatment of wastewater that has a high concentration of organic compounds. Over recent years, the prescribed and non-prescribed consumption of antibiotics has increased significantly worldwide. Large quantities of antibiotics are discharged into wastewater because of their incomplete absorption by living organisms. However, even small concentrations present in aquatic environments represent a major risk to human health and environment protection. This paper presents the main advantages and disadvantages of advanced oxidation processes, and the current state and new perspectives in the field of environment protection. This study summarizes data from the most recent specialized scientific literature that focuses on the topic of advanced oxidation processes, thus bringing all these aspects to the attention of researchers in a single work that adds comments and interpretations related to the presented processes. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are often used in the treatment of different types of wastewater. AOPs are based on physicochemical processes that create significant structural changes in chemical species. The majority of antibiotics may be eliminated using physicochemical processes, such as photo-Fenton oxidation, photolysis, ozonation, electrooxidation, heterogeneous catalysis, and other bioprocesses. In comparison to conventional chemical processes, AOPs provide superior oxidation efficiency, ideal operating costs, and zero secondary pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This paper aims to estimate the prevalence of antibiotic use for diarrhea among under-five children (u5c) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) using data from 112 Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between 2006 and 2018. The focus is on understanding the extent of antibiotic usage for managing diarrhea, a condition characterized by frequent loose or watery bowel movements that can lead to severe dehydration. Methods and findings: A cross-sectional study design was employed in the DHS. The prevalence of antibiotic use for diarrhea among under-five children was estimated by analyzing DHS data from 2006 to 2018 and using the R statistical programming language. Out of a total of 12,69,944 children under five included in this study, 1,80,067 children had diarrhea and 19,502 children had bloody diarrhea. The overall prevalence of diarrhea estimated at ~14% (prevalence = 0.142; 95% CI = 0.141, 0.142). Among the children with diarrhea, 47,755 child received antibiotic treatment, resulting a prevalence of ~27% (prevalence = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.26, 0.27) globally. Central Asia had the highest prevalence of antibiotic use at ~55% (prevalence = (967/1748) = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.52, 0.59), followed by the Europe region with a prevalence of ~44% (prevalence = (5483/12502) = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.43, 0.45). In the South East and Central Asia region, DHS conducted between 2006 and 2018, showed the highest prevalence of antibiotic use in DHS 2007 (~44%), DHS 2012 (~49%), DHS 2016 (~40%) and DHS 2017 (~65%). The linear trend analysis showed an upward trend for using antibiotic of diarrhea in the South East and Central Asia region. Conclusions: The Central Asia region had the highest proportion of antibiotic use, with an estimated prevalence of ~55% (95% CI = 0.52, 0.59). The Europe region followed closely with a prevalence of ~44% (95% CI = 0.43, 0.45). The South East Asia region had the lowest prevalence of antibiotic use estimated at ~23% (95% CI = 0.22, 0.24), with a gradual increasing trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drugs have been used by many farmers for the treatment of most infectious diseases in chicken regardless of their residue effects to human health if proper management has not adhered. This paper focuses on finding out the common chicken diseases, their prevalence, drugs used for treatment, and their residue implication in the chicken products and by-products. A systematic literature-review was used to synthesis the information from soft and hard copy sources of information. In this paper, it was noted that different infectious diseases were affecting chicken in Tanzania and other countries including Newcastle (Prevalence 7-90% per flock), Infectious bursal disease (Prevalence 7-100% per flock), Fowl Cholera (Prevalence 1-60% per flock), and Fowl Typhoid (Prevalence 0-20% per flock). As a remedy, drugs such as Amprolium, oxytetracycline, and sulphanilamide were used for treatment which could prompt antibiotic residues in chicken products and by-products. The antibiotic residue was reported in meat, eggs, liver, and kidneys of the chicken which are considered edible to a human thus posing public health challenges. In this regard, there is a need to create awareness to the farmers on the proper use of the drugs. In this case, the understanding of the withdrawal period for the applied drugs can minimize the risk of drug residues in chicken products [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry is the property of Institute for Animal Husbandry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, organic pollutants have become a global problem due to their negative impact on human health and the environment. Photocatalysis is one of the most promising methods for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater, and oxide semiconductor materials have proven to be among the best in this regard. This paper presents the evolution of the development of metal oxide nanostructures (MONs) as photocatalysts for ciprofloxacin degradation. It begins with an overview of the role of these materials in photocatalysis; then, it discusses methods of obtaining them. Then, a detailed review of the most important oxide semiconductors (ZnO, TiO2, CuO, etc.) and alternatives for improving their photocatalytic performance is provided. Finally, a study of the degradation of ciprofloxacin in the presence of oxide semiconductor materials and the main factors affecting photocatalytic degradation is carried out. It is well known that antibiotics (in this case, ciprofloxacin) are toxic and non-biodegradable, which can pose a threat to the environment and human health. Antibiotic residues have several negative impacts, including antibiotic resistance and disruption of photosynthetic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are widely used in human and veterinary medicine and are ubiquitous in the environment worldwide. This paper recapitulates the occurrence, fate, and ecotoxicity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in various environmental media. The toxicity effect is reviewed based on in vitro and in vivo experiments referring to many organisms, such as microorganisms, cells, higher plants, and land and aquatic animals. Furthermore, a comparison of the various toxicology mechanisms of fluoroquinolone antibiotic residues on environmental organisms is made. This study identifies gaps in the investigation of the toxic effects of fluoroquinolone antibiotics and mixtures of multiple fluoroquinolone antibiotics on target and nontarget organisms. The study of the process of natural transformation toward drug-resistant bacteria is also recognized as a knowledge gap. This review also details the combined toxicity effect of fluoroquinolone antibiotics and other chemicals on organisms and the adsorption capacity in various environmental matrices, and the scarcity of data on the ecological toxicology evaluation system of fluoroquinolone antibiotics is identified. The present study entails a critical review of the literature providing guidelines for the government to control the discharge of pollutants into the environment and formulate policy coordination. Future study work should focus on developing a standardized research methodology for fluoroquinolone antibiotics to guide enterprises in the design and production of drugs with high environmental biocompatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained remarkable interest in water treatment due to their fascinating characteristics, such as tunable functionality, large specific surface area, customizable pore size and porosity, and good chemical and thermal stability. However, MOF particles tend to easily agglomerate in nanoscale, thus decreasing their activity and processing convenience. It is necessary to shape MOF nanocrystals into maneuverable structures. The in situ growth or ex situ incorporation of MOFs into inexpensive and abundant cellulose-family materials can be effective strategies for the stabilization of these MOF species, and therefore can make available a range of enhanced properties that expand the industrial application possibilities of cellulose and MOFs. This paper provides a review of studies on recent advances in the application of multi-dimensional MOF–cellulose composites (e.g., aerogels, membranes, and bulk materials) in wastewater remediation (e.g., metals, dyes, drugs, antibiotics, pesticides, and oils) and water regeneration by adsorption, photo- or chemocatalysis, and membrane separation strategies. The advantages brought about by combining MOFs and cellulose are described, and the performance of MOF–cellulose is described and compared to its counterparts. The mechanisms of relative MOF–cellulose materials in processing aquatic pollutants are included. Existing challenges and perspectives for future research are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the use of antibiotics for human medicine, animal husbandry, agriculture, aquaculture, and product preservation has become a common practice. The use and application of antibiotics leave significant residues in different forms, with the aquatic environment becoming the critical sink for accumulating antibiotic residues. Numerous studies have been conducted to understand antibiotic removal and persistence in the aquatic environment. Nevertheless, there is still a huge knowledge gap on their complex interactions in the natural environment, their removal mechanism, and the monitoring of their fate in the environment. Water quality models are practical tools for simulating the fate and transport of pollutant mass in the aquatic environment. This paper reports an overview of the physical, chemical, and biological elimination mechanisms responsible for the degradation of antibiotics in natural surface water systems. It provides an in-depth review of commonly used quantitative fate models. An effort has been made to provide a compressive review of the modeling philosophy, mathematical nature, environmental applicability, parameter estimation, prediction efficiency, strength, and limitation of commonly used environmental antibiotic fate models. The study provides information linking paradigms of elimination kinetics and their simulation in the antibiotic fate models aiming at critical issues regarding current model development and future perspectives and to help users select appropriate models for practical water quality assessment and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance (ABR) has direct and indirect repercussions on public health and threatens to decrease the therapeutic effect of antibiotic treatments and lead to more infection-related deaths. There are several mechanisms by which ABR can be transferred from one microorganism to another. The risk of transfer is often related to environmental factors. The food supply chain offers conditions where ABR gene transfer can occur by multiple pathways, which generates concerns regarding food safety. This work reviews mechanisms involved in ABR gene transfer, potential transmission routes in the food supply chain, the prevalence of antibiotic residues in food and ABR organisms in processing lines and final products, and implications for public health. Finally, the paper will elaborate on the application of antimicrobial peptides as new alternatives to antibiotics that might countermeasure ABR and is compatible with current food trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural production is a major driver of the Philippine economy. Mass production of animal products, such as livestock and poultry farming, is one of the most prominent players in the field. Filipino farmers use veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) when raising agricultural animals to improve animal growth and prevent diseases. Unfortunately, the extensive use of VMPs, particularly antibiotics, has been linked to drug resistance in animals, particularly antibiotics. Antimicrobial gene products produced in animals due to the prolonged use of VMPs can passed on to humans when they consume animal products. This paper reviews information on the use of VMPs in the Philippines, including the regulations, their impact, challenges, and potential recommendations. The Philippines has existing legislation regulating VMP use. Several agencies were tasked to regulate the use of VMPs, such as the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Health, and the Philippine National Action Plan. Unfortunately, there is a challenge to implementing these regulations, which affects consumers. The unregulated use of VMPs influences the transmission of antibiotic residues from animals to crops to humans. This challenge should be addressed, with more focus on stricter regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, water pollution caused by organic pollutants and antibiotic residues has become increasingly serious, posing a serious threat to human health and ecosystems. In this paper, Co–BiVO 4 /Bi 2 O 3 heterojunction was successfully prepared by electrospinning of Co3+ doped monoclinic BiVO 4 nanofibers and Bi 2 O 3. The photocatalytic degradation of chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTC·HCl) and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) in water was tested by simulating visible light conditions. The degradation efficiency of CTC·HCl by 3Co–BiVO 4 /Bi 2 O 3 -0.8 reached 90.5 % within 30 min, and the degradation rates were 3.93 and 7.06 times that of BiVO 4 and Bi 2 O 3 , respectively. At the same time, the degradation efficiency of MBT by 3Co–BiVO 4 /Bi 2 O 3 -0.8 reached 97.7 % within 40 min, and the degradation rates were 8.93 and 41.80 times that of BiVO 4 and Bi 2 O 3 , respectively. In addition, the photocatalytic performance of the catalyst and potassium persulfate (PS) co-system on pollutants was investigated. When 0.5 mM PS and a small amount of 3Co–BiVO 4 /Bi 2 O 3 -0.8 catalyst were added, the degradation efficiency of CTC·HCl and MBT could reach 87.6 % and 92.8 % in a short time. Furthermore, the work function and difference of the material were calculated by density functional theory (DFT), and the charge transfer mechanism of the p-n heterojunction was further determined. Finally, the intermediate products, degradation pathways and reaction mechanisms of MBT degradation were analyzed in detail by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Therefore, this study provides a potential effective way for the treatment of water pollution. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rock & Mineral Analysis is the property of Editorial Board of Rock & Mineral Analysis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pathogenic bacteria are the leading causes of food-borne and water-borne infections, and one of the most serious public threats. Traditional bacterial detection techniques, including plate culture, polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are time-consuming, while hindering precise therapy initiation. Thus, rapid detection of bacteria is of vital clinical importance in reducing the misuse of antibiotics. Among the most recently developed methods, the label-free optical approach is one of the most promising methods that is able to address this challenge due to its rapidity, simplicity, and relatively low-cost. This paper reviews optical methods such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance, and dark-field microscopic imaging techniques for the rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria in a label-free manner. The advantages and disadvantages of these label-free technologies for bacterial detection are summarized in order to promote their application for rapid bacterial detection in source-limited environments and for drug resistance assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The inclusion of remote automatic systems that use continuous learning technology are of great interest in precision livestock cattle farming, since the average size of farms is increasing while time for individual observation is decreasing. Bovine respiratory disease is a main concern in both fattening and heifer rearing farms due to its impact on antibiotic use, loss of performance, mortality, and animal welfare. Much scientific literature has been published regarding technologies for continuous learning and monitoring of cattle's behavior and accurate correlation with health status, including early detection of bovine respiratory disease. This review summarizes the up-to-date technologies for early diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease and discusses their advantages and disadvantages under practical conditions. Classically, the diagnosis of respiratory disease in cattle has been based on observation of clinical signs and the behavior of the animals, but this technique can be subjective, time-consuming and labor intensive. It also requires proper training of staff and lacks sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp). Furthermore, respiratory disease is diagnosed too late, when the animal already has severe lesions. A total of 104 papers were included in this review. The use of new advanced technologies that allow early diagnosis of diseases using real-time data analysis may be the future of cattle farms. These technologies allow continuous, remote, and objective assessment of animal behavior and diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease with improved Se and Sp. The most commonly used behavioral variables are eating behavior and physical activity. Diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease may experience a significant change with the help of big data combined with machine learning, and may even integrate metabolomics as disease markers. Advanced technologies should not be a substitute for practitioners, farmers or technicians, but could help achieve a much more accurate and earlier diagnosis of respiratory disease and, therefore, reduce the use of antibiotics, increase animal welfare and sustainability of livestock farms. This review aims to familiarize practitioners and farmers with the advantages and disadvantages of the advanced technological diagnostic tools for bovine respiratory disease and introduce recent clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of marketed pharmaceutical formulations must be guaranteed to attain better remedial effects and lower toxicity. The wide exploitation of antibiotics may lead to their presence as residues in body fluids and wastewaters, potentially toxic to human health. Consequently, determining antibiotics in pharmaceutical formulations and water samples is of significant importance. This paper aims to explore the possibilities of a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method to obtain a simple, fast, and efficient analytical tool for the simultaneous determination of antibiotics in pharmaceutical formulations and environmental samples. The method was completely validated with regard to specificity, linearity, detection and quantification limits, precision, accuracy, and robustness according to the requirements of existing guidelines, and was proven to be reliable and suitable for the envisioned application. The linearity study was conducted for the calibration curves in the range of 10–100 μg/mL. The limits of detection and quantification were found to be 0.2 and 0.7 μg/mL for amoxicillin and 0.3 and 1.0 μg/mL for doxycycline, respectively. The high recovery of drugs from their commercial pharmaceutical formulations (93%) and from wastewater samples (98%) indicated good accuracy and precision. The method is robust for small or deliberate changes to the chromatographic parameters, and it was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of amoxicillin and doxycycline in wastewater and commercial tablets. The obtained results proved that the validated method is appropriate for its intended use in the routine quality control and assay of both antibiotics studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To study the role of bacterial biofilm (BBF) in the formation of chronic osteomyelitis and its prevention and treatment. Methods. In this paper, a large amount of relevant literature was searched for analysis and summary, and the key words "chronic osteomyelitis," "bacterial biofilm," "infection," and "debridement" were searched in databases, mainly CNKI, Wanfang, and Wipu. The search was conducted until December 2020. The role of bacterial biofilm formation in chronic osteomyelitis and its prevention were analyzed. Results. Chronic osteomyelitis is formed mainly due to poor blood supply and drug-resistant bacteria, of which cellular biofilm is the most important cause. BBF forms on the surface of necrotic soft tissue and bone tissue, which has a protective effect on bacteria and greatly enhances their resistance to antibiotics, leading to difficulties in complete bacterial clearance and recurrent infections in osteomyelitis. Conclusion. Through an in-depth study of the molecular biology and signal transduction of osteomyelitis biofilm, antibiotic biofilm treatment strategies and surgical debridement remain the focus of clinical translation of chronic osteomyelitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon quantum dots are a new generation of carbon nanoparticles that have good potential for food analysis and packaging due to their unique properties such as excellent fluorescence properties, easy synthesis, good biocompatibility, large functional groups, and low toxicity. Today, carbon quantum dots have replaced semiconductor quantum dots due to their non -toxicity. The use of carbon dots in packaging materials due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial and barrier properties increases product shelf life, reduces the growth of microorganisms, improves mechanical properties, the barrier against gases, UV light blocker, and reduces food waste. This paper aims to get acquainted with carbon quantum dots and synthesis methods and study their optical properties. Then, the principles of fluorescence sensor design, including the mechanism of fluorescence quenching and recovery and their application in food samples to detect food additives, pathogens, antibiotic residues, insecticides, heavy metals, and nutrients will be examined. Finally, the use of carbon dots in improved, active, intelligent and bio -packaging will then be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides a summary of a collection of articles that focus on the treatment of water pollutants. The articles cover a range of topics including algae, dyes, Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs), microplastics, and antibiotics, all of which can have negative impacts on human health and the environment. The articles discuss various treatment approaches such as advanced oxidation, electrochemistry, and adsorption materials. While progress has been made in water treatment, further research and interdisciplinary efforts are needed to address issues of accessibility, environmental impact, and scalability. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, a method is proposed for the determination of antibiotics classified by the World Health Organization as critically important (four macrolides and three quinolones) and highly important (one tetracycline, one diaminopyridine, and three sulfonamides) and eight of their metabolites. The method is based on ultrasound-assisted extraction, dispersive solid-phase extraction clean-up, and analytical determination by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Variables affecting each stage of the analytical method were thoroughly optimised. The method was validated for its application to sewage sludge from different treatment stages (non-treated sludge: primary and secondary sludge; and treated sludge: digested sludge and compost) and to agricultural soil. Limits of quantification were in the range of 0.03–7.50 ng g−1 dry weight (dw) for most of the compounds. Accuracy values were in the range of 70–102%. Precision was below 17%. The application of the method to real samples revealed that macrolides and fluoroquinolones were the antibiotic classes at the highest concentrations in all types of samples. The lowest concentrations of antibiotics were measured in compost (highest concentration: 27 ng g−1 dw, corresponding to norfloxacin) and soil samples (highest concentration: 93 ng g−1 dw, corresponding to a metabolite of clarithromycin). The proposed method is the first developed to date for the determination of multiclass antibiotics and their main metabolites in sludge from different treatment stages. The method can provide a useful tool for obtaining information about antibiotics in sewage sludge prior to its application to agricultural soils and in agricultural soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobials are compounds that impede the activities of bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi. Continuous antimicrobial overuse, misuse, and improper use for human, animal, and agricultural purposes are raising concerns about antibiotic residue pollution in the environment, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Because antimicrobial-resistant diseases are linked to human–-microbial ecosystems, environmental pollution from antibiotic residue and ARGs alters the makeup and diversity of human gut microbiota, putting resistance under selection pressure. This perspective proposes that antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion is linked to environmental quality and has repercussions for human health via the gut microbiome's sensitive ecosystem. This has stimulated new global efforts and multidisciplinary, integrative approaches to addressing Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) awareness in communities. Several academic papers published in recent years have shown that medicinal plant extracts are effective against diseases on WHO's pathogen priority lists (PPL), such as the ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species). Traditional medicine, with its knowledge of medicinal plants, promises to be a valuable source of next-generation powerful antimicrobials. Examples include the recent discovery of Artemisinin, a highly active antimalarial drug derived from Artemisia annua, and the discovery of Taxol, an active chemotherapeutic drug derived from the bark of the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia. The connections between small and large ecosystems' vitality, biodiversity protection, and human health have been acknowledged by Planetary Health principles. To address these intertwined concerns, a Planetary Health and Traditional Medicine approach can be adopted, and antimicrobial resistance can be addressed by expanding the screening of medicinal plants for bioactive compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information on unintended effects of therapeutic exposure of antibiotics on the fish gut microbiome is a vital prerequisite for ensuring fish and environmental health during sustainable aquaculture production strategies. The present study forms the first report on the impact of florfenicol (FFC), a recommended antibiotic for aquaculture, on the gut microbiome of snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii), a high-value marine aquaculture candidate. Both culture-dependent and independent techniques were applied to identify the possible dysbiosis and restoration dynamics, pointing out the probable risks to the host and environment health. The results revealed the critical transient dysbiotic events in the taxonomic and functional metagenomic profiles and significant reductions in the bacterial load and diversity measures. More importantly, there was a complete restoration of gut microbiome density, diversity, functional metagenomic profiles, and taxonomic composition (up to class level) within 10–15 days of antibiotic withdrawal, establishing the required period for applying proper management measures to ensure animal and environment health, following FFC treatment. The observed transient increase in the relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens suggested the need to apply proper stress management measures and probiotics during the period. Simultaneously, the results demonstrated the inhibitory potential of FFC against marine pathogens (vibrios) and ampicillin-resistant microbes. The study pointed out the possible microbial signatures of stress in fish and possible probiotic microbes (Serratia sp., Methanobrevibacter sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Bacillus sp.) that can be explored to design fish health improvisation strategies. Strikingly, the therapeutic exposure of FFC neither caused any irreversible increase in antibiotic resistance nor promoted the FFC resistant microbes in the gut. The significant transient increase in the numbers of kanamycin-resistant bacteria and abundance of two multidrug resistance encoding genes (K03327 and K03585) in the treated fish gut during the initial 10 days post-withdrawal suggested the need for implementing proper aquaculture effluent processing measures during the period, thus, helps to reduce the spillover of antibiotic-resistant microbes from the gut of the treated fish to the environment. In brief, the paper generates interesting and first-hand insights on the implications of FFC treatment in the gut microbiome of a marine aquaculture candidate targeting its safe and efficient application in unavoidable circumstances. Implementation of mitigation strategies against the identified risks during the initial 15 days of withdrawal period is warranted to ensure cleaner and sustainable aquaculture production from aquatic animal and ecosystem health perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the evaluation of antibacterial activity of some plant alcoholic extracts over bacteria in milk as an alternative to current antibiotics. Tests were conducted on alcoholic extracts from sage (Salvia officinalis), two hop species Brewers Gold and Perle and two essential oils (rosemary - Rosmarinus officinalis and lavender - Lavandula angustifolia). The antibacterial susceptibility has been evaluated over 24 strains isolated from normal milk and mastitis milk, belonging to Staphylococcus, Vibrio, Serratia, Aeromonas and Bacillus genera. The obtained results show the best antibacterial effect with rosemary essential oil, having areas of inhibition as big as 28 mm, with an average of 16.4 mm. Weaker antimicrobial effect was obtained with alcoholic extract of sage where the average of inhibition diameters were 12.2 mm. Bacterial species isolated from mastitis were more sensitive to treatment with plant extracts compared with species isolated from normal milk. Among the tested bacteria, the strains from Staphylococcus type had the highest sensitivity, while Vibrio strains were more resistant. The results obtained open the prospect of using these herbal extracts as an alternative to the use of antibiotics in the treatment of mastitis and also aim at getting safer products from a microbiological point of view, with less antibiotic residues in milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of antibiotic residue and contamination has attracted significant attention. Most of the existing degradation methods are inefficient and costly. Photocatalytic technology is an up-and-coming method. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a photocatalyst widely used to degrade the residual antibiotics in water under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. However, its application efficiency under visible light is poor, owing to its wide bandgap. This paper reports the successful synthesis of Ag2S/TiO2 composite nanofiber membranes through electrospinning and hydrothermal processes, and adsorption and photocatalytic removal of tetracycline (TC) under visible light irradiation. Ag2S/TiO2 showed excellent photocatalytic property for TC degradation compared with Ag2S and TiO2, and the efficiency was up to 70.54%. It kept high photocatalytic performance after five cycles. The detailed mechanism of TC degradation by Ag2S/TiO2 was also proposed based on the radical trapping experiment and the analysis of degradation intermediates. Benefiting from the large surface area, effective photocatalysis under visible light irradiation, and excellent recyclability, Ag2S/TiO2 composite fiber membranes are promising in the treatment of antibiotic wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) have effectively kept lower antibiotic-resistant bacterial (ARB) pathogen rates than many other countries. However, in recent years, these five countries have encountered a rise in ARB cases and challenges in treating infections due to the growing prevalence of ARB pathogens. Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) is a valuable supplement to clinical methods for ARB surveillance, but there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of WBS application for ARB in the Nordic countries. This review aims to compile the latest state-of-the-art developments in WBS for ARB monitoring in the Nordic countries and compare them with clinical surveillance practices. After reviewing 1480 papers from the primary search, 54 were found relevant, and 15 additional WBS-related papers were included. Among 69 studies analyzed, 42 dedicated clinical epidemiology, while 27 focused on wastewater monitoring. The PRISMA review of the literature revealed that Nordic countries focus on four major WBS objectives of ARB: assessing ARB in the human population, identifying ARB evading wastewater treatment, quantifying removal rates, and evaluating potential ARB evolution during the treatment process. In both clinical and wastewater contexts, the most studied targets were pathogens producing carbapenemase and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), primarily Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. However, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have received more attention in clinical epidemiology than in wastewater studies, probably due to their lower detection rates in wastewater. Clinical surveillance has mostly used culturing, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and genotyping, but WBS employed PCR-based and metagenomics alongside culture-based techniques. Imported cases resulting from international travel and hospitalization abroad appear to have frequently contributed to the rise in ARB pathogen cases in these countries. The many similarities between the Nordic countries (e.g., knowledge exchange practices, antibiotic usage patterns, and the current ARB landscape) could facilitate collaborative efforts in developing and implementing WBS for ARB in population-level screening. [Display omitted] • The Nordic countries are facing a growing problem of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. • Travel abroad and overseas hospitalization frequently lead to imported cases. • Wastewater monitoring cost-effectively gathers population-level data. • Nordic countries can harmonize wastewater surveillance for antibiotic-resistant pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing a highly efficient and stable photocatalyst is a promising strategy to protect the environment. In this work, we creatively synthesized a novel CdS/Bi4NbO8Cl heterostructured photocatalyst by in situ hydrothermal method. By using ciprofloxacin as target antibiotic residue pollutant, it is found that the CdS/Bi4NbO8Cl shows improved photocatalytic efficiency compared to bare CdS or Bi4NbO8Cl, and the photocatalytic activity of CdS/Bi4NbO8Cl with the molar ratio of 0.3 is the highest, reaching about 90%. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope were employed to study the composition, morphology, and structure of the composite photocatalysts, while UV–vis diffuse reflection (UV–vis DRS), photoluminescence, transient photocurrent response, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Mott–Schottky plots together show that the significant improvement in photocatalytic activity is due to synergistic effects of enhanced light harvesting and separation of photo-induced charges carriers, caused by the intimate contact between CdS and Bi4NbO8Cl. It is expected that the facile, low-cost method and the excellent performance of the synthesized photocatalyst in this paper can contribute to the management of water pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recovery of phosphorus (P) from wastewater has led to growing public concern considering its scarcity and future availability as well as its detrimental environmental impacts. However, the recovered P is inevitably contaminated with co-existing antibiotics like tetracycline (TC) and sulfamethazine (SMT) which will pose serious risks to the health of human and animals after being spread to the environment. In this study, we propose a novel scheme that can recover P from synthetic wastewater and at the same time degrade the co-existing antibiotics. To achieve such a goal, a series of biochar (BC) were prepared from calcination of waste sludge and were used both as the adsorbent for P recovery and as the catalyst for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation and antibiotic degradation. Results showed that the sludge source (i.e. S m : municipal sludge, S p : paper mill sludge), calcination atmosphere (i.e. air-deficient, N 2 , vacuum) and temperature (i.e. 600 and 800 °C) exhibited significant influence on P adsorption capacity. Generally, the BC calcined in N 2 showed better P uptake, and increase of calcination temperature from 600 °C to 800 °C could further improve P uptake. Though BC p-N-600 (prepared from S p in N 2 at 600 °C) showed faster and higher P uptake (56.3 mg/g) than its counterpart BC m-N-600 (33.2 mg/g), BC m-N-600 showed stronger catalytic activity and more stable performance in the complex pollutant system (P + SMT). It was proposed that P was recovered primarily through the chemisorption and precipitation mechanism, while SMT was nearly completely degraded primarily by the ROS generated from PMS activation. [Display omitted] • Sludge-derived biochar (BC) can be used as both P adsorbent and PMS activator. • BC showed perfect uptake for P, with CaO and MgO as main adsorption sites. • BC could activate PMS efficiently for antibiotic degradation. • BC from municipal sludge was more stable in complex pollutant removal. • The recovered P showed no contamination of antibiotics and oxidation byproducts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalysis technology has received much attention on the treatment of antibiotics residues. In this paper, CdS quantum dots (QDs)-decorated TiO2 (CDS-T for short) have been prepared successfully through a photodeposition method and utilized as photocatalysts for degradation of metronidazole (MTZ). Under visible light irradiation for 60 min, the degradation ratio of MTZ over CDS-T-3 that was prepared by 3 h of photodeposition reached up to 90.9%, which was 1.5 times than that reached over commercial CdS. The decoration of CdS QDs onto TiO2 can enlarge light absorption range to visible region. Furthermore, greatly improved separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers is realized through forming heterojunction. Activity control experiments demonstrate that O2·− serve as the main active species, while ·OH and holes (h+) play secondary roles on the MTZ degradation. Moreover, electron spin resonance (ESR) technique, terephthalic acid photoluminescence (TA-PL) technique and N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) method confirm that larger amounts of active species are generated from CDS-T-3 than that from commercial CdS under visible light. This study can not only offer an easy method to prepare CdS quantum dots-decorated TiO2 but also enlarge its application in solving the problem of metronidazole contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic misuse is becoming a worldwide public health issue due to serious risk to human health and environment. Residual antibiotics in environment mainly come from the wastewater from pharmaceutical factories, aquaculture, animal husbandry and hospitals. Antibiotics are included in the newly published List of Newly Controlled Pollutants (2022 Edition) (Draft for Comments). However, test standards are still lacking. Highly accurate results of the trace amounts of antibiotics distributed in the environment can be obtained by mass spectrometry coupled with chromatography. Nonetheless, sample pretreatment is time-consuming and expert-required. Compared with laboratory detection, ambient miniature mass spectrometry can realize on-site detection of the antibiotics without or with little pretreatment. On-site detection can be used for rapid qualitative and semi-quantitative detection, which can reflect the levels of water body pollution and accurately trace the pollutant sources. On-site detection also can provide technical support for the regulatory governance of antibiotics. But now no-studies have been reported on the on-site detection of environmental antibiotics in the field. It is urgent to develop a rapid detection method for antibiotic residues in the environment to assess antibiotic pollution and provide support for regulation. In this paper, the detection of antibiotics was carried out based on flash desorption and acetone assisted photoionization source miniature ion trap mass spectrometry, the detection parameters of antibiotics were systematically optimized including gas flow and injection time sequence, and a rapid and high throughput detection method of antibiotics was established. The efficiency of thermal desorption was improved using pulse purging mode and halogen lamp flash thermal desorption, and the signal intensities of high boiling point antibiotics were significantly increased. Quantitative detection of antibiotics was realized by isotope internal standard, and preliminary detection of antibiotics in water was carried out. This method does not need complicated pre-processing and can be completed in 1 min. The detection limits of isoniazid (INZ), ethionamide (ETN) and voriconazole (VCZ) were 636, 160, 35 μg/L, respectively, calculated based on S/N=3 at the injection volume of 1 μL. It is applicable to the field, high-throughput and highly sensitive detection of antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the widespread use of antibiotics, pharmaceutical effluents containing antibiotics have recently attracted wide attentions since it has potential adverse effects. Although the injuriousness of antibiotics is not so intuitive like other environmental pollution, residues of the antibiotic drug have become a seriously ignored problem. The abuse of antibiotics can damage the immune function of animals, when again infected, and then they need more antibiotics to treat. In this review article the authors presented up to-date development on the application of adsorption in the removal of antibiotics from aqueous solution. This review article provides extensive literature information about antibiotics, its classification and toxicity, various treatment methods, and antibiotics adsorption characteristics by various adsorbents. The effectiveness of various adsorbents under different physicochemical process parameters and their comparative adsorption capacity towards antibiotics adsorption has also been presented. This review paper also includes the affective adsorption factors of antibiotics such as solution contact time, initial antibiotics concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature. The applicability of various adsorption thermodynamic models and isotherm models for antibiotics removal by wide range of adsorbents is also reported here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The food control and regulatory system in China is beset by several challenges. While firms have to reduce their costs in pursuit of benefits, customers are increasingly focusing on safety and quality of food products. Although the Chinese government has developed more stringent regulatory measures, food safety incidents still occur, including abuse of food additives, adulterated products as well as contamination by pathogenic microorganisms, pesticides, veterinary drug residues, and heavy metals, and use of substandard materials. A national food safety strategy has been proposed to assure food safety from "farm to table." This paper begins with the analysis of current food regulatory systems and then discusses cogovernance of food safety management in China. We explore the practice in the city of Shenzhen where government intervention has strengthened food control, thereby creating an opportunity to form a coregulatory system. The review highlights that the current food safety regulatory system of multi‐agency structure can inevitably lead to insufficient incentives for business entities. Due to asymmetric information, lack of regulatory resources, and consumer advocacy, coregulation has been developed and is increasingly being promoted as an important instrument of food regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The crystal structure and superparamagnetism of γ-Fe 2 O 3 are discussed in detail. • Different preparation methods of γ-Fe 2 O 3 and their application scenarios are summarized. • The methods of γ-Fe 2 O 3 performance improvement are proposed. • The applications of γ-Fe 2 O 3 in different fields of environmental governance. Contaminant and pollutant have become increasingly prominent environmental issues. Photocatalysis is a promising way to remove various dyes and organic pollutants in waste water. As a potential photocatalyst, Fe 2 O 3 has a wide range of visible light absorption, good stability and recyclability, and has become an important material to degrade pollutants. Among them, γ-Fe 2 O 3 has attracted wide attention due to its suitable band gap, unique superparamagnetism and designable micromorphology, which has great potential to address the above issues. However, the rapid recombination of the carrier limits the further development of its application. This paper reviews the recent research progress of γ-Fe 2 O 3. Firstly, the crystal structure, superparamagnetism, optical properties and photocatalysis principle of γ-Fe 2 O 3 are introduced. Secondly, the synthesis methods of γ-Fe 2 O 3 are summarized, and the properties of γ-Fe 2 O 3 obtained by different methods are compared. The modification strategies of γ-Fe 2 O 3 based on morphology control, element doping and composite material preparation are summarized, and its applications in antibiotic degradation, heavy metal treatment, wastewater purification, microwave absorption, biomedicine and other fields are introduced. Finally, the application prospects and challenges of γ-Fe 2 O 3 in the environmental field are prospected, aiming to further prove the great potential of γ-Fe 2 O 3. It is hoped that the research results of this paper can provide some useful references for the development of high efficiency γ-Fe 2 O 3 -based catalysts, showing the great potential of γ-Fe 2 O 3 in the environmental remediation field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dairy production provides high-quality, healthful nutrients to people on a planet soon to be inhabited by over 9 billion people. In doing so, it is ever more important to continuously improve the care of dairy animals, safeguard the environment we all share, and reliably produce nutritious food while maintaining the economic viability of the peopie working in dairy agriculture. In this paper, we review some associations between dairy consumption and human health along with the many interconnections between people, dairy animals, plants, and our shared environment. Understanding these relationships is an example of one health at work. In the US, total dairy consumption is at its highest point in the last 50 years, while many objective measures of cow health (eg, subclinical mastitis) have never been bettersince they have been recorded. Further, indications of food safety such as violative antibiotic residues in milk have never been lower. Dairy foods provide essential nutrients such as protein, vitamin B12, and calcium, while there is also evidence that they are protective against chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease. Finally, the environmental footprint of dairy production in the US, as measured by metrics such as carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions intensity per unitof dairynutrient, isthe lowest it hasever been. The companion Currents in One Health by Nguyen et al, AJVR, January 2023, discusses some additional animal welfare and environmental impact implications of modern dairy production management in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 1940-1950s, studies of algae stoichiometry - primarily nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), as well as trace elements - formed the basis of production hydrobiology [[14]]. Algae play a key role in the biogeochemical fate of many chemical elements and in the regulation of their cycling in the aquatic ecosystems [[4]]. The term "algae" has no formal taxonomic position. Being able to concentrate various chemical elements from the environment, algae may serve as biological sorbents, promoting the development of biotechnologies for the removal of inorganic contaminants from industrial waters [[2], [22]]. [Extracted from the article]

Development of therapeutic agents against a model organism like P.aeruginosa, which forms biofilms, has been reviewed in the current study. A scientometric analysis has been used to predict the developments in Pseudomonas biofilm research, to configure potential antibiofilm agents (ABA) that can have prominent inhibition or dispersal effect and also overcome the problem of drug resistance. Diversity of ABA, antibiofilm strategy, prominent investigators and institutions in Pseudomonas biofilm research during the period 2009-2019 are the areas of focus, to understand the contributions in antibiofilm therapy. Scientometric study and the meta-analysis from 25,113 research publications, indicate nanoparticles as most promising control in biofilm based hazard. The results of investigation among majority of research groups reveal prominence of combinatorial strategy in targeting biofilms. A major shift from conventional antibiotics to nanoparticles as potential ABA is one of the significant findings of the study. Co-word analysis and Sankey plots were instrumental to identify the network of strategies focusing on biofilm inhibition. A Pearson correlation analysis for percentage of biofilm inhibition shows significant relevance with the nanoparticle type but not size. Moreover the impact of antibiofilm activity could be significantly correlated with source, nature and method of synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global health, powered by pathogens that become increasingly proficient at withstanding antibiotic treatments. This review introduces the factors contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), highlighting the presence of antibiotics in different environmental and biological matrices as a significant contributor to the resistance. It emphasizes the urgent need for robust and effective detection methods to identify these substances and mitigate their impact on AMR. Traditional techniques, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and immunoassays, are discussed alongside their limitations. The review underscores the emerging role of biosensors as promising alternatives for antibiotic detection, with a particular focus on electrochemical biosensors. Therefore, the manuscript extensively explores the principles and various types of electrochemical biosensors, elucidating their advantages, including high sensitivity, rapid response, and potential for point-of-care applications. Moreover, the manuscript investigates recent advances in materials used to fabricate electrochemical platforms for antibiotic detection, such as aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers, highlighting their role in enhancing sensor performance and selectivity. This review culminates with an evaluation and summary of commercially available and spin-off sensors for antibiotic detection, emphasizing their versatility and portability. By explaining the landscape, role, and future outlook of electrochemical biosensors in antibiotic detection, this review provides insights into the ongoing efforts to combat the escalating threat of AMR effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dairy production systems significantly impact environmental sustainability, animal welfare, and human health. Intensive farming maximizes output through high-input practices, raising concerns about environmental degradation, animal welfare, and health risks from antibiotic residues. Conversely, organic farming emphasizes sustainable practices, animal welfare, and minimal synthetic inputs, potentially enhancing biodiversity, soil health, and milk quality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression, are promising biomarkers due to their response to various conditions. In this study, miRNAs bta-miR-103 and bta-miR-155, which are abundant in milk from pasture-fed cows, were selected. Additionally, bta-miR-215, which is abundant in milk fat from intensive systems, was also studied, in order to differentiate dairy production systems. A novel, cost-effective gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based sensor was developed for miRNA detection, leveraging the unique plasmonic properties of AuNPs for visual detection. The method involves functionalizing AuNPs with complementary RNA probes and detecting miRNA-induced aggregation through colorimetric changes. This rapid, results in 30 min, and sensitive, visual limit of detection of 200 nM, assay requires minimal instrumentation and can be easily interpreted, offering significant advantages for field implementation in characterizing dairy production systems. This study demonstrates the successful application of this sensor in detecting miRNAs in 350 nM miRNA spiked raw milk, highlighting its potential for in situ dairy industry applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goat population world-wide is increasing, and the dairy goat sector is developing accordingly. Although the new technology applied to the goat industry is being introduced slowly because the weight of traditional subsector in the dairy sector, considerable advances have been made in the last decade. Present review focuses on the emerging topics in the dairy goat sector. Research and development of traditional and new dairy goat products are reviewed, including the new research in the use of goat milk in infant formula. The research in alternatives to brine, production of skimmed goat cheeses and the use of different modified atmosphere packaging are also addressed. Special attention is given to antibiotic residues and their determination in goat milk. Functional foods for human benefits are a trending topic. Health properties recently discovered in dairy goat products are included in the paper, with special attention to the antioxidant activity. The dual-purpose use of goats by humankind is affecting the way of how new technology is being incorporated in the dairy goat sector and will certainly affect the future development of dairy goat products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this paper, two metal compounds were combined and successfully prepared a Z-type BiOCl/NiAl-LDH(B/NL) heterojunction for the degradation of various antibiotics in industrial wastewater under visible light. The optical properties and photocatalytic activity of B/NL can be adjusted by varying the amount of NiAl-LDH. In the simulated degradation of tetracycline (TC) under visible light, B/NL-11 showed the best photodegradation efficiency, with a degradation rate of 92.57 % within 100 min. By using catalytic materials to degrade industrial wastewater, the degradation rate of tetracycline antibiotics (tetracycline, oxytetracycline) is more than 70 %, and the degradation rate of quinolone antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin) is more than 50 %. Mineralization process of the B/NL-11 system to degrade antibiotics in industrial wastewater was evaluated by 3D EMMS technology, and the degradation pathways were analyzed by LC-MS. The toxicity of the intermediate products produced is much lower than that of the pollutants themselves, and there is no secondary pollution. The degradation activity of BiOCl/NiAl-LDH is due to the construction of heterojunction adds many active sites, and the formed band structure promotes the efficient separation and transfer of photogenerated electron-holes. The free radical trapping experiment proved that h+, ∙O 2 −, ∙OH was the main active substance in the degradation process, and finally proposed the Z-type heterojunction mechanism. [Display omitted] • First synthesis of Z-type heterojunction BiOCl/NiAl-LDH. • BiOCl/NiAl-LDH can efficiently degrade various antibiotics in industrial wastewater. • The photocatalytic mechanism has been demonstrated through free radical capture experiment and ESR. • The degradation pathway of antibiotic has been analysed. • The toxicity of intermediate products during the degradation process is relatively weak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]