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Introduction/Aims: Many small‐sized, single‐center preclinical studies have investigated the benefits of introducing stem cells into the interior of nerve conduit. The aims of this meta‐analysis are to review and contrast the effects of various types of stem cells in in vivo models used to reconstruct peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) and to assess the reliability and stability of the available evidence. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science to identify studies conducted from January 1, 2000, to September 21, 2022, and investigate stem cell therapy in peripheral nerve reconstruction animal models. Studies that met the relevant criteria were deemed eligible for this meta‐analysis. Results: Fifty‐five preclinical studies with a total of 1234 animals were incorporated. Stem cells demonstrated a positive impact on peripheral nerve regeneration at different follow‐up times in the forest plots of five outcome indicators: compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude, latency, muscle mass ratio, nerve conduction velocity, and sciatic functional index (SFI). In most comparisons, stem cell groups showed substantial differences compared with the control groups. The superior performance of adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) in terms of SFI, CMAP amplitude, and latency (p <.001) was identified. Discussion: The findings consistently demonstrated a favorable outcome in the reconstruction process when utilizing different groups of stem cells, as opposed to control groups where stem cells were not employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic colon injury (TCI) is a typical injury with high mortality. Prolongation of the intervention time window is a potentially useful approach to improving the outcomes of TCI casualties. This study aimed to identify the pathological mechanisms of TCI and to develop effective strategies to extend the survival time. A semicircular incision was made to prepare a TCI model using C57BL/6 mice. An overview of microbiota dysregulation was achieved by metagenome sequencing. Protein expression reprogramming in the intestinal epithelium was investigated using proteomics profiling. The mice that were subjected to TCI died within a short period of time when not treated. Gut symbiosis showed abrupt turbulence, and specific pathogenic bacteria rapidly proliferated. The protein expression in the intestinal epithelium was also reprogrammed. Among the differentially expressed proteins, SERPINA3N was overexpressed after TCI modeling. Deletion of Serpina3n prolonged the posttraumatic survival time of mice with TCI by improving gut homeostasis in vivo. To promote the translational application of this research, the effects of melatonin (MLT), an oral inhibitor of the SERPINA3N protein, were further investigated. MLT effectively downregulated SERPINA3N expression and mitigated TCI‐induced death by suppressing the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Our findings prove that preventive administration of MLT serves as an effective regimen to prolong the posttraumatic survival time by restoring gut homeostasis perturbed by TCI. It may become a novel strategy for improving the prognosis of patients suffering from TCI. Highlights: SERPINA3N expression is significantly upregulated in the intestinal epithelium of traumatic colon injury (TCI) mice.Restoration of ectopic SERPINA3N expression prolongs the survival time by attenuating the dysregulation of gut homeostasis in TCI mice.Preventive administration of melatonin, as an oral inhibitor of SERPINA3N expression, is a potentially useful approach to treat patients with TCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]