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Aim: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nursing has become more prominent with the increase in chronic HIV infections. This study examined articles related to HIV nursing to determine how the profession has developed and its future direction. Design: A bibliometric analysis was conducted. Methods: HIV nursing‐related articles published in the Web of Science core collection between 1999 and 2022 were searched. VOSviewer was used to identify the contributions of countries, institutions and authors in HIV‐related care. Collaborative maps, hot topics and keywords trends were analysed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. Results: A total of 1513 publications were extracted. An increase in articles published between 1999 and 2012 was observed. After 2012, the increase in the number of publications was relatively stable. Since 2016, a downward trend in the number of publications has occurred. The USA, South Africa and the UK were the leading contributors to publications related to HIV nursing. The focus of the HIV nursing research has gradually shifted from "HIV infection", "risk factors", and "transmission routes" to "social support", "depression", and "public health". The result shows that increased collaboration among countries/regions can improve the development of HIV nursing and effectively reduce the global HIV infection rate. The mental health of patients has become a research centre in the field of HIV nursing. This study provides direction in clinical practice and future research areas in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key content: Sexual assault is common, with one in five women aged 16–59 years having experienced sexual violence. The choices for women regarding reporting sexual assault and referral to a sexual assault referral centre should be widely known in obstetrics and gynaecology. Healthcare professionals should offer basic first aid, emergency contraception and screening/prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections including HIV. This article outlines the role of the forensic medical examination and future long‐term needs of women who have experienced sexual assault. The basic laws regarding sexual assault are discussed. Learning objectives: To understand the prevalence of sexual assault and its impact on women's health. To understand the basic appropriate management of those reporting sexual assault and the different options available to women. To be able to document findings and take early evidence. Ethical issues: Healthcare professionals are often frightened of the disclosure. They need to be supportive and non‐judgemental. Careful documentation of history and findings are important in view of possible legal proceedings. Sharing of information with other professionals may need to be considered without having the client's consent to protect vulnerable adults, adolescents and general public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction This study compares the trends of HIV inpatient admissions between a London tertiary HIV centre (United Kingdom) and four infectious disease wards in Italy (IT) to recognize common patterns across Europe. Methods Data regarding HIV inpatient admissions was collected by using discharge diagnostic codes from 1 January to 31 December 2012, including patient demographics, combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) history, CD4, viral load (VL) and mortality rates. Discharge diagnoses were categorized according to the International Classification of Disease (ICD) 9 and 10 system. All ICD categories that reach a 3% threshold of total admissions were analyzed. Results A total of 731 admissions (257 in Italy and 474 in the United Kingdom) for 521 patients (1.5 mean admission per patient). Female admissions were higher in Italy at 22.6% (n=58) compared to 14.9% (n=47) in the United Kingdom. Median age of patients was 47 years old. There was an undetectable VL in 65.8% (n=169) of admissions in Italy and 67.1% (n=319) in the United Kingdom (p=0.385); 86.4% (n=222) and 82.4% (n=389) of admissions were on cART, respectively. Mean CD4 was 302 in Italy compared to 368 in the United Kingdom (p=0.003). Average length of admission was 16 days with a 10.2% (n=21) mortality rate in Italy compared to 8 days with 2.8% (n=9) mortality in the United Kingdom (p<0.001). HCV co-infection was present in 64.6% (n=166) in Italy and 13.5% (n=64) in the United Kingdom and commonest mode of transmission was needle use in Italy (67.3%, n=173) and men who have sex with men in the UK cohort (59.9%, n=284). The cause of inpatient admissions according to ICD codes can be seen in following Figure 1. Conclusions Significant differences in the duration of inpatient admission and mortality rates can be observed between these two cohorts which is secondary to the impact of Hepatitis C co-infection in Italy. However increases in the number of Hepatitis C co-infection patients amongst MSM in London has been reported [] and route of transmission in Italy is shifting towards MSM [], therefore it is important to learn how HIV is developing and managed in a global context to help plan future for services. The UK cohort demonstrates a wider range of conditions necessitating admission, and with an ageing HIV population, this is expected to increase in the future, requiring general and specialist HIV physicians to work closely together. The HIV-RNA threshold is 400 copies/mL to account for blips according to British HIV Association (BHIVA) Guidelines 2012 []. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction With the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), more people infected with HIV are living into older age; 22% of adults receiving care in the UK are aged over 50 years []. Age influences HIV infection; the likelihood of seroconversion illness, mean CD4 count and time from infection to development of AIDs defining illnesses decreases with increasing age. A UK study estimates that half of HIV infections in persons over 50 years are acquired at an age over 50 []. Studies exploring sexual practices in older persons have repeatedly shown that we cannot assume there is no risk of STI and HIV infection [,]. Physicians should be alert to risk of HIV even in the older cohort, where nearly half diagnoses are made late []. Local audit has demonstrated poor testing rates in the over 50's on the Acute Medical Unit. Late diagnosis (CD4<350) results in poorer outcomes and age confounds further; older late presenters are 2.4 times more likely to die within the first year of diagnosis than younger counterparts []. Materials and Methods A retrospective case notes review was conducted of all patients aged 60 years and over attending HIV clinic in the last 2 years. Outcomes audited included features around diagnosis; age, presentation, missed testing opportunities and CD4 count at diagnosis. Results Of the current cohort of 442 patients, 34 were over 60 years old (8%). Age at diagnosis in this group ranged from 36 to 80 years, mean 56.6 years. Presentation triggers included opportunistic infections or malignancies (n=10), constitutional symptoms (n=6), diagnosis of another STI (n=4), seroconversion illness (n=2), partner status (n=3). Eight patients were diagnosed through asymptomatic screening at Sexual Health. We identified missed opportunities in five patients who were not tested despite diagnoses or symptoms defined as clinical indicators for HIV. Half of older patients had a CD4 count of <200 at diagnosis. Conclusions It is imperative that general medical physicians and geriatricians are alert to enquiring about risk and testing for HIV where clinical indicators are present, irrespective of age. The oldest patient in the cohort was diagnosed with HIV aged 80 years. All patients with missed opportunities for testing were over 47 years old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]