4 results
Search Results
2. The Medication Adherence Report Scale: A measurement tool for eliciting patients' reports of nonadherence.
- Author
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Chan, Amy Hai Yan, Horne, Rob, Hankins, Matthew, and Chisari, Claudia
- Subjects
PATIENT compliance ,CRONBACH'S alpha ,SCALING (Social sciences) ,DASH diet ,PRINCIPAL components analysis ,SELF medication ,BLOOD pressure ,STATISTICAL reliability - Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of a questionnaire measure of patients' adherence to medications to elicit patients' report of medication use in a variety of clinical samples. The reliability and validity were assessed in patients with hypertension. Additional analyses were performed on other patient groups. Methods: Using a cross‐sectional study design, a 10‐item version of the Medication Adherence Report Scale (©Professor Rob Horne) was piloted in two samples of patients receiving treatment for hypertension (n = 50 + 178), asthma (n = 100) or diabetes (n = 100) at hospital outpatient or community clinics in London and the south‐east of England. Following principal components analysis, five items were retained to form MARS‐5 (©Professor Rob Horne). Evaluation comprised internal reliability, test‐retest reliability, criterion‐related validity (relationship with blood pressure control) and construct validity (relationship with patients' beliefs about medicines). Results: The MARS‐5 demonstrated acceptable reliability (internal and test‐retest) and validity (criterion‐related and construct validity) in these patient groups. Internal reliability (Cronbach's α) ranged from 0.67 to 0.89 across all patient groups; test‐retest reliability (Pearson's r) was 0.97 in hypertension. Criterion‐related validity was established with more adherent hypertension patients showing better blood‐pressure control (χ2 = 4.24, df = 1, P <.05). Construct validity with beliefs about medicines was demonstrated with higher adherence associated with stronger beliefs in treatment necessity and lower treatment concerns. Conclusions: The MARS‐5 performed well on several psychometric indicators in this study. It shows promise as an effective self‐report tool for measuring patients' reports of their medication use across a range of health conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Market forces shaping human capital in eighteenth-century London.
- Author
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Justman, Moshe and Beek, Karine
- Subjects
HUMAN capital ,WORKING class ,APPRENTICESHIP programs ,JOURNEY workers ,WAGES ,REGRESSION analysis ,HISTORY ,EIGHTEENTH century ,SOCIAL conditions in England ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
This article draws on quantitative and descriptive data from Robert Campbell's manual for prospective apprentices, The London tradesman (1747), to demonstrate the responsiveness of apprenticeship premiums in mid-eighteenth-century London to market forces of supply and demand. It first shows that Campbell's data on mid-eighteenth-century journeymen wages, apprenticeship premiums, and masters' set-up costs in London are consistent with other sources. It then applies instrumental variable regressions to estimate the elasticity of apprenticeship premiums with respect to journeymen wages and set-up costs, using Campbell's education and ability requirements by trade to instrument for wages. We find an elasticity of one with respect to wages, and of 0.25 with respect to set-up costs, both statistically significant at a p-value less than 0.1%. We interpret these findings as supporting the thesis that apprenticeship played an important role in adapting the English workforce to the skill requirements of the industrial revolution in its early stages, insofar as the institution of apprenticeship in London was representative of other parts of England. Furthermore, by demonstrating the internal and external consistency of Campbell's observations, our findings should encourage their use as an unparalleled source of detailed, trade-specific wage data from the early years of the industrial revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Exceptional fidelity of preservation in a reworked fossil, Chalk drift, South London, England.
- Author
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Donovan, Stephen K. and Fearnhead, Fiona E.
- Subjects
FOSSIL collection ,CHALK ,SEDIMENTOLOGY - Abstract
Reworking of fossils commonly leads to loss of morphological detail and inferior preservation; the main contributions of such specimens to geology are in sedimentology, regional geology and neoichnology. A reworked specimen of the Late Cretaceous (chalk) sponge boring Entobia cretacea Portlock is unusually well preserved. This specimen is from superficial deposits and is well enough preserved that delicate apertural and intercameral canals are apparent. Two factors are recognized as important in maintaining the fine features of this trace fossil: preservation in flint and, presumably, minimal fluvial transport. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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