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This article explores how violence conditions the use of public transportation is the main objective of this paper. Specifically, the paper asks if individuals from diverse social strata differently refrain from using public transportation due to security concerns. The paper is based on an analysis of the National Survey on Victimization and Perception of Public Security 2018, carried out by the National Bureau of Statistics (inegi). The paper shows that individuals from upper stratum are two times more likely to stop using public transportation due to security concerns compared with individuals from lower stratum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to examine, from the concept of social representations, the strategies of the municipal government of Culiacán in Mexico, in order to analyze the high index of insecurity at the beginning of 1994, where the authorities sought to diminish the freedoms of young people by trying to restrict their schedules on public roads, prohibit the use of miniskirts and necklines in girls and long hair in men. For the methodology, literature for the conceptual framework and for the background information was consulted, as well as newspapers that, at the time, provided testimonies of the problematic in the public sphere. The actions of young people forced the authorities to reverse the tactics implemented to overcome insecurity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the effect of income inequality on economic growth by state in Mexico. For this, a brief literature review is made, a descriptive analysis of the variables used is performed and an econometric model of panel data is applied. Variables such as the Gross Domestic Product per capita, school enrollment, gross fixed capital formation and the Gini coefficient by federal entity are used. The results of the model indicate that the increase in inequality generates a negative impact on economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aim is to make a comparison between two nomadic markets of the metropolitan area of Toluca, México. It shows the origin of each one of the products that are exchanged in these markets and the forms of articulation of urban and country or indigenous economies, contrasting them with global markets. This work recognizes the importance of street markets in the supply and demand economical cycle, which tendency, is to consider only supermarkets and elite markets into the economical competition rates of a city. Street markets are commonly left behind, but for societies like Toluca, they represent a common place of recognition and gathering processes. Tianguis (as in the pre-Hispanic word) from Toluca and Ixtlahuaca are been analyzed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este trabajo se realiza una comparación entre dos mercados itinerantes del metropolitano Valle de Toluca, México. Muestra el origen de los productos que se intercambian en cada uno de ellos y las maneras de articulación de las economías urbano-populares y campesinas e indígenas al mercado global, a través de este tipo de mercados. Se parte del reconocimiento que este tipo de mercados (los itinerantes) conforman un segmento de demanda y oferta, por el que compiten con otras modalidades de comercio (mercados fijos, supermercados y mercados de élite), lo que ha dado entrada a un proceso de marginación de esta modalidad, ilustrada en la comparación de los mercados tianguis (para usar la expresión prehispánica) de Toluca y de Ixtlahuaca. ---- This paper aim is to make a comparison between two nomadic markets of the metropolitan area of Toluca, México. It shows the origin of each one of the products that are exchanged in these markets and the forms of articulation of urban and country or indigenous economies, contrasting them with global markets. This work recognizes the importance of street markets in the supply and demand economical cycle, which tendency, is to consider only supermarkets and elite markets into the economical competition rates of a city. Street markets are commonly left behind, but for societies like Toluca, they represent a common place of recognition and gathering processes. Tianguis (as in the pre-Hispanic word) from Toluca and Ixtlahuaca are been analyzed in this article.