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The current study aims to use a facile and novel method to remove Congo red (CR) and Methyl Orange (MO) dyes from contaminated water with Maize offal biomass (MOB) and its nanocomposite with magnetic nanoparticles (MOB/MNPs). The MOB and MOB/MNPs were characterized with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET, XRD and point of zero charge (pHPZC). The influence of initial CR and MO levels (20–320 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (1-3 g/L), pH (3-9), co-exiting ions, temperature (25–45 °C) and time (15–180 min) was estimated. The findings demonstrated that MOB/MNPs exhibited excellent adsorption of 114.75 and 29.0 mg/g for CR and MO dyes, respectively while MOB exhibited 81.35 and 23.02 mg/g adsorption for CR and MO dyes, respectively at optimum pH-5, and dose 2 g/L. Initially, there was rapid dye removal which slowed down until equilibrium was reached. The interfering/competing ions in contaminated water and elevated temperature favored the dyes sequestration. The MOB/MNPs exhibited tremendous reusability and stability. The dyes adsorption was spontaneous, and exothermic with enhanced randomness. The adsorption effects were well explained with Freundlich model, pseudo second order and Elovich models. It is concluded that MOB/MNPs showed excellent, eco-friendly, and cost-effective potential to decontaminate the water. Nanocomposite of Maize offal biomass demonstrated higher dyes removal. FTIR, SEM, BET, XRD and pHPZC provided vital evidence for dyes adsorption. MOB/MNPs displayed excellent stability and reusability for dyes adsorption. Groundwater samples exposed a higher dyes removal. Results were validated with equilibrium and kinetic adsorption models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgound: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a disastrous disease characterized by accretion of amyloid-beta plaques, neurofibrillary tangles inducing oxidative stress, loss of neuronal functions and continuous progression of cognitive impairment leading to severe dementia. Material and Methods: The newly synthesized benzimidazole derivative 4-chloro-3-(2-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole-1-sulfonyl) benzoic acid (CB) was evaluated for its anti-Alzheimer activity using in silico, in vivo, in vitro and molecular techniques (ELISA, WB & IHC). Results:In-silico studies revealed that CB has atomic contact energy values of −3.9 to −8.9 kcal/mol against selected targets. In vitro assay showed that CB caused acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl inhibition. In-vivo findings revealed improvement in dementia as observed in the morris water maze test and Ymaze test. Amyloid-beta disaggregation, increased level of anti-oxidants, decreased expressions of inflammatory markers and enhanced cellular architecture were found in the cortex and hippocampus of treated rats in the histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis. Conclusions: This study revealed that CB possess different binding affinities with the Alzheimer-related targets and it possess anti-Alzheimer activity, mediated via AChE and amyloid-beta inhibition, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyes and pharmaceuticals are some major water pollutants that cause serious health-related problems to human beings. BiVO4, BiOX, Bi2O3, Bi2S3, and Bi2MoO6 are bismuth-based photocatalysts that have received enormous attraction in photocatalysis due to their photostable, photoactive, chemically inert, and eco-friendly nature, along with their reduced band gaps, which enables them to utilize visible light. The Z-scheme-based photocatalysts offer improved separation of charges along with the retention of high redox ability, which makes them highly efficient for photocatalytic purposes. In this article, recent developments regarding Bi2MoO6-based Z-scheme heterojunctions and their use for the mitigation of dyes and pharmaceuticals have been revisited. We discuss the need for organic-pollutants removal from water and present a brief description of the relationship between morphological and crystal phase properties of Bi2MoO6 with photocatalytic activity. We also provide a brief description of the strategies that can be used to enhance the photocatalytic properties of Bi-based photocatalysts. We include a brief account of the advancement in heterojunctions development with different charge transfer mechanisms and their interconversion and discuss the most recent advances regarding the development of Z-scheme heterojunctions based on Bi2MoO6 for the photodegradation of dyes and pharmaceuticals. Lastly, we present some of the challenges and future directions regarding Z-scheme photocatalysis for further improvement in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poor mechanical and tribological properties limit the higher requirements of aluminum alloys in engineering and industrial applications, which leads to the rapid development of aluminum matrix composites (AMCs). Particulate reinforced AMCs have attracted extensive attention in automobile, electronics and military industries due to their low density, high strength, and excellent wear resistance. However, the interfacial reaction between reinforcements and the Al matrix tends to occur in conventional preparation processes owing to the higher reaction temperatures. The spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique is considered to be an efficient method for the fabrication of metal matrix composites, which can achieve rapid sintering, lower sintering temperatures, and higher densities than conventional fabrication processes. In addition, SPS can produce AMCs with excellent non-porous microstructure, fine grain size, and a strong bonding interface between reinforcement and Al matrix. Therefore, the interfacial reaction is effectively controlled and the structural integrity is maintained, resulting in enhanced strength and ductility. Based on the advantages of particulate reinforced AMCs and the SPS technique, the particulate reinforced AMCs fabricated by SPS have been extensively studied in recent decades, but have not been systematically evaluated. Therefore, this paper reviews the state-of-the-art particulate reinforced AMCs fabricated by SPS, focusing on the microstructure characterization, strengthening mechanisms, and mechanical and physical properties. Furthermore, the future research priorities and challenges of the high-performance particulate reinforced AMCs fabricated by SPS are also prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional process monitoring control charts (CCs) focused on sampling methods using fixed sampling intervals ( $ \mathrm {FSI} $ FSI s). The variable sampling intervals ( $ \mathrm {VSI} $ VSI s) scheme is receiving increasing attention, in which the sampling interval ( $ \mathrm {SI} $ SI ) length varies according to the process monitoring statistics. A shorter $ \mathrm {SI} $ SI is considered when the process quality indicates the possibility of an out-of-control (OOC) situation; otherwise, a longer $ \mathrm {SI} $ SI is preferred. The $ \mathrm {VSI} $ VSI multivariate exponentially moving average for compositional data ( $ \mathrm {VSI} $ VSI - $ \mathrm {MEWMA}\,\mathrm {CoDa} $ MEWMA CoDa ) CC based on a coordinate representation using isometric log-ratio ( $ \operatorname {ilr} $ ilr) transformation is proposed in this study. A methodology is proposed to obtain the optimal parameters by considering the zero-state ( $ \mathrm {ZS} $ ZS ) average time to signal ( $ \mathrm {ZATS} $ ZATS ) and the steady-state (SS) average time to signal ( $ \mathrm {SATS} $ SATS ). The statistical performance of the proposed CC is evaluated based on a continuous-time Markov chain ( $ \mathrm {CTMC} $ CTMC ) method for both cases, the $ \mathrm {ZS} $ ZS and the SS using a fixed value of in-control (IC) $ \mathrm {ATS}_0 $ ATS 0 . Simulation results demonstrate that the $ \mathrm {VSI} $ VSI - $ \mathrm {MEWMA}\,\mathrm {CoDa} $ MEWMA CoDa CC has significantly decreased the OOC average time to signal ( $ \mathrm {ATS} $ ATS ) than the $ \mathrm {FSI}\,\mathrm {MEWMA}\,\mathrm {CoDa} $ FSI MEWMA CoDa CC. Moreover, it is found that the number of variables (d) has a negative impact on the $ \mathrm {ATS} $ ATS of the $ \mathrm {VSI} $ VSI - $ \mathrm {MEWMA}\,\mathrm {CoDa} $ MEWMA CoDa CC, and the subgroup size (n) has a mildly positive impact on the $ \mathrm {ATS} $ ATS of the $ \mathrm {VSI} $ VSI - $ \mathrm {MEWMA}\,\mathrm {CoDa} $ MEWMA CoDa CC. At the same time, the $ \mathrm {SATS} $ SATS of the $ \mathrm {VSI} $ VSI - $ \mathrm {MEWMA}\,\mathrm {CoDa} $ MEWMA CoDa CC is less than the $ \mathrm {ZATS} $ ZATS of the $ \mathrm {VSI} $ VSI - $ \mathrm {MEWMA}\,\mathrm {CoDa} $ MEWMA CoDa CC for all the values of n and d. The proposed $ \mathrm {VSI} $ VSI - $ \mathrm {MEWMA}\,\mathrm {CoDa} $ MEWMA CoDa CC under steady-State performs effectively compared to its competitors, such as the $ \mathrm {FSI} $ FSI - $ \mathrm {MEWMA}\,\mathrm {CoDa} $ MEWMA CoDa CC, the $ \mathrm {VSI} $ VSI - $ T^2\,\mathrm {CoDa} $ T 2 CoDa CC and the $ \mathrm {FSI} $ FSI - $ T^2\,\mathrm {CoDa} $ T 2 CoDa CC. An example of an industrial problem from a plant in Europe is also given to study the statistical significance of the $ \mathrm {VSI} $ VSI - $ \mathrm {MEWMA}\,\mathrm {CoDa} $ MEWMA CoDa CC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For an edge ideal I(G) of a simple graph G , we study the N -graded Betti numbers that appear in the linear strand of the minimal free resolution of I (Γ (Z n)) , where Γ (Z n) is the comaximal graph of the integral modulo ring Z n . We show that the extremal Betti number of I (Γ (Z n)) is ϕ (n) , where ϕ (n) is the Euler's totient function and thereby we obtain a large class of edge ideals with even extremal Betti numbers. We find the regularity (Castelnuovo-Mumford) and the projective dimension of these ideals. Moreover, we exhibit explicit formulae that determine all the N -graded Betti numbers in the linear strand of the minimal free resolution of I (Γ (Z n)) for certain values of n. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chemical graph is a graphical representation of the molecular structure of a chemical compound, showing the atoms of the compound and the bonds between them. Chemical graphs are used in many areas of chemistry, including organic chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science. The basic idea of this paper is to compute the expected results of multiplicative K Banhatti and multiplicative hyper K Banhatti indices of this category of organic compounds. The average value of the multiplicative K Banhatti and multiplicative hyper K Banhatti indices for the set of random poly-phenylene chains have been calculated. Moreover, we presented the comparison between the expected results of multiplicative K Banhatti and multiplicative hyper K Banhatti indices for polyphenyl and spiro chain, have been resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces two enhanced model order reduction techniques designed for scenarios involving frequency-weighted and frequency-limited-interval Gramians in the continuous-time domain. The primary objective is to address the instability issue identified in existing approaches in the continuous-time domain, as formulated by Enns for frequency-weighted scenarios and Gawronski & Juang for frequency-limited-interval scenarios. Despite numerous solutions proposed in the literature to mitigate this problem, a persistent challenge remains the high approximation error between the original and reduced-order systems. To overcome this limitation, the proposed improved techniques focus on ensuring stability in reduced-order models while simultaneously minimising the approximation error between the original and reduced systems. Furthermore, these enhanced techniques provide a computationally straightforward, a priori error bound formula. Numerical findings underscore the correctness and efficiency of the proposed techniques in reducing the approximation error while maintaining stability, thereby substantiating their efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycotoxins are the secondary fungal metabolites produced by various toxigenic fungal species and are found in several feedstuffs, particularly in plants during pre- and post-harvesting conditions, like processing, transportation and storage. They can cause disease in both humans and animals. The occurrence of mycotoxins is of high concern to food safety and security due to their negative health and economic effects. Consequently, the control of mycotoxin adulteration is a major goal of the food and agriculture industries. Therefore it is need of time to express the new approaches which may alleviate the economic and health implications linked with mycotoxins adulteration of food and feed ingredients having negative effects on public health and global trade. Several approaches have been assumed to alleviate mycotoxin adulteration but often fall short of the requisite efficiency. One of the auspicious strategies is the usage of bioactive plant metabolites or components synergistically with mycotoxin-adsorbing compounds for limiting the exposure of these mycotoxins and their adverse health effects. Several studies have proven that plant extracts have a variety of bioactive components which may prevent mould growth. The metabolites formed by plants are a promising substitute because plants produce a huge variety of compounds, either as a part of their growth or in response to stress or pathogen attack. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential for control of fungal growth in food commodities by using plant-derived products or phytochemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to limited research on the effectiveness and safety of intravenous (IV) fluids administered during labor, there are no guidelines available. Thus, this meta-analysis aims to evaluate efficacy of IV Ringer's lactate during labor as compared to usual care. Six databases were searched for the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of IV Ringer's lactate at 125 mL/h or 250 mL/hr during labor in nulliparous women at term as compared to usual care, and the search results were imported to Covidence for screening of the articles. All the concerned outcomes were pooled as risk ratios (RR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% CI in the meta-analysis models using RevMan 5.4. Pooled data from 7 RCTs with 967 nulliparous women showed that the active stage of labor duration (MD −32.16 with 95% CI [40.43 to −23.90], p < 0.00001), need of oxytocin augmentation (RR 0.72 with 95% CI [0.54 to 0.96], p = 0.03) and incidence of prolonged labor (RR 0.57 with 95% CI [0.34 to 0.95], p = 0.03) was significantly lower with IV Ringer's lactate. However, the total duration of labor (p = 0.23), duration of second stage of labor (p = 0.31) and cesarean section rate (p = 0.070) did not differ between the two groups. The test for subgroup analysis based on infusion rate was significant (p = 0.01) for the active stage of labor. IV Ringer's lactate reduced the duration of active labor, the need for oxytocin augmentation and the prolonged labor incidence. However, it did not differ in effect on immediate neonatal health but was found to have more potential for reducing maternal vomiting as compared to usual care with unrestricted oral intake. Further research is needed to explore its effects in the larger and more diverse populations and with different IV fluids for evidence-based guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To use Raman Spectroscopy for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of pharmaceutical formulations of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of Cephalexin. Raman Spectroscopy is a noninvasive, nondestructive, reliable and rapid detection technique used for various pharmaceutical drugs quantification. The present study explores the potential of Raman Spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical drugs. For qualitative and quantitative analysis of Cephalexin API, various standard samples containing less and more concentration of API than commercial tablet was prepared. To study spectral differences, the mean plot of all the samples was prepared. For qualitative analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and for quantitative analysis Partial Least Square Regression analysis (PLSR) was used. Both of these are Multivariate data analysis techniques and give reliable results as published in previous literature. PCA model distinguished all the Raman Spectral data related to the various Cephalexin solid dosage formulations whereas the PLSR model was used to calculate the concentration of different unknown formulations. For the PLSR model, RMSEC and RMSEP were determined to be 3.3953 and 3.8972, respectively. The prediction efficiency of this built PLSR model was found to be very good with a goodness of the model value (R2) of 0.98. The PLSR model also predicted the concentrations of Cephalexin formulations in the blind or unknown sample. These findings demonstrate that the Raman spectroscopy coupled to PLSR analysis could be regarded as a fast and effectively reliable tool for quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kaempferol is a flavonoid present in many eatable plants. Researchers discovered a link between consuming foods high in kaempferol and lowering the threat for acquiring many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity and cancer. Kaempferol can inhibit AHR transcription, modulate ERK signalling pathway and NF-κB pathways, block MAPK and AP1 signalling pathways and perform more anticancer roles. Kaempferol also has the ability to act against diabetes via suppressed phosphorylation of (IKK) IkB kinase, (IRS-1) insulin receptor substrate-1 and (IKK) IkB kinase through the hepatic IKK/NF-B signalling pathways and significantly enhanced insulin secretion and synthesis. Kaempferol protects cardiomyocytes from anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R)-induced damage by lowering LDH release, improving cell survival, reducing A/R-induced ROS formation, and release of cytochrome c. This knowledge may aid in understanding health advantages of medicinal plants that contain kaempferol and may lead to the development of the flavonoid as a potential agents for disease aversion and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world and one of the major public health problems. Curcumin has anticancer activity including inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation and invasion of tumours by suppressing a variety of cellular signalling pathways. It also possesses anti-tumour activity on different human cancers such as breast cancer, lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, and brain tumours. In vitro and in vivo trails, curcumin inhibits tumour development and metastasis by inhibiting many pathways that regulate signalling in malignant cells, including Ras, p53, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), Wnt-protein kinase B (Akt), MAPKs, and PI3K. Curcumin can also inhibit IKK, EGFR, -catenin, cyclin D1, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), and anti-apoptotic genes such as Bcl-X and Bcl-2 along with downregulating nuclear transcription factors like NF-κB, which reduces the formation of pro-inflammatory cytokines like chemokines, TNF-, Interleukins and IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resveratrol (RVT) is well known for its chemo-preventive and therapeutic attributes against the various kinds of cancers such as breast, prostate, pancreatic, oral, brain, lung and liver. It has been found to inhibit glioblastoma cell growth, declining uPAR and its mediator ERK1/2, inhibiting the cell lines (EC-9706) growth and ADAM9 expression, up-regulating the lncRNAs and PPARγ, inhibition of MTA1 to modulate oncogenic miR-34a, miR-22 and miR-17, enhance the E-cadherin expression and decreased the expressions of Twist1 and vimentin, inhibiting ADAM9 expression, downregulation of ATP2A2 and ATP2A3 genes expressions in different breast cell lines, reduction in IL-6 and COX-2 expression, inhibition of Tax activity of LTR and HTLV-1 in SIRT1 deacetylase, suppression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and eEF1A expression and fracas interactions between TEAD and YAP and activation of Hippo/YAP signalling. Consequently, it can be suggested that RVT is a promising agent for treating aforementioned cancers due to its curing characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article depicts the possible replacement of staple cereal sources with some pseudocereals like Chia, Quinoa, Buckwheat, and Amaranth, which not only provide recommended daily allowance of all nutrients but also help to reduce the chances of many non-communicable infections owing to the presence of several bioactive compounds. These pseudocereals are neglected plant seeds and should be added in our routine diet. Besides, they can serve as nutraceuticals in combating various diseases by improving the health status of the consumers. The bioactive compounds like rutin, quercetin, peptide chains, angiotensin I, and many other antioxidants present in these plant seeds help to reduce the oxidative stress in the body which leads toward better health of the consumers. All these pseudocereals have high quantity of soluble fiber which helps to regulate bowel movement, control hypercholesterolemia (presence of high plasma cholesterol levels), hypertension (high blood pressure), and cardiovascular diseases. The ultimate result of consumption of pseudocereals either as a whole or in combination with true cereals as staple food may help to retain the integrity of the human body which increases the life expectancy by slowing down the aging process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was performed to assess Ni-immobilization and the phytoremediation potential of sunflower by the application of quinoa stalks biochar (QSB) and its magnetic nanocomposite (MQSB). The QSB and MQSB were characterized with FTIR, SEM, EDX, and XRD to get an insight of their surface properties. Three-week-old seedlings of sunflower were transplanted to soil spiked with Ni (0, 15, 30, 60, 90 mg kg−1), QSB and MQSB (0, 1, and 2%) in the wire house under natural conditions. The results showed that increasing Ni levels inhibited sunflower growth and yield due to the high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. Enzyme activities like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POX) also increased as Ni levels increased. However, the application of QSB and MQSB reduced Ni uptake, root-shoot, and shoot-seed translocation and decreased the generation of ROS, and lowered the activity of SOD, CAT, APX, and POX, leading to improved growth and yield, especially with MQSB. This was verified through SEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR. It can be concluded that QSB and MQSB can effectively enhance Ni-tolerance in sunflowers and mitigate oxidative stress and human health risks. The article focuses on enhancing the phytoremediation remediation potential of Helianthus annuus by using the quinoa stalks biochar (QSB) and magnetic quinoa stalks biochar (MQSB) by immobilization of Ni in soil and ultimately attenuation of oxidative stress in plants and human health risk. Iron enrichment of biochar improves the surface characteristics (surface area, functional groups, porosity, etc.) which help to immobilize metals ions. To the best of our knowledge, QSB and MQSB has never been used before to study the Ni dynamics and for enhancing sunflower phytoremediation potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three heat recovery cycles are studied to recover the waste heat from the exhaust gas outlet of a glass-melting furnace. To determine the viability and potential dangers based on techno-economic aspects, three fundamental recovery cycles for the exhaust gas from UK glass melting furnaces are examined. The parametric thermodynamic and techno-economic study reveals the effects of the key parameters: The condenser temperature of the ORC cycle, the pressure ratio of the s C O 2 cycle, and the flash pressure of the Kalina cycle. Three thermodynamic parameters (Power production, energy, and exergy efficiency), as well as five techno-economic parameters (LCOE, NPV, PP, IRR, and MOIC), have been studied with varying key factors. The results showed that ORC is the best possible option for low-temperature waste exhaust gases as it is not as expensive as other ones, while super-critical C O 2 has the highest power production to produce power from high-temperature waste heat sources. Even though ORC's payback period is 10% longer than s C O 2 's, Comparing the IRR, NPV, and MOIC of the ORC cycle to those of the s C O 2 cycle, the differences are just 8.3%, 5.3%, and 8.2% lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rivaroxaban (RXB), a novel Xa inhibitor having groundbreaking therapeutic potential. However, this drug is associated with few limitations, including its pharmacokinetics related toxicities. Here, we developed RXB-loaded SLNs (RXB-SLNs) to improve its biopharmaceutical profile. Methods: High pressure homogenizer was used to prepare RXB-SLNs, followed by their particle characterization, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Dynamic light scattering (DSC), and Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. Beside this, in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo evaluation, prothrombin time assessment and toxicity was investigated. RXB-SLNs had their particle size in nano range (99.1 ± 5.50 nm) with excellent morphology and low polydispersity index (0.402 ± 0.02) and suitable zeta potential (−25.9 ± 1.4 mV). The incorporation efficiency was observed around 95.9 ± 3.9%. In-vitro release profiles of the RXB-SLNs exhibited enhanced dissolution (89 ± 9.91%) as compared to pure drug (11 ± 1.43%) after 24 h of the study. PK study demonstrated a seven times enhanced bioavailability of RXB-SLNs when compared with pure drug. Furthermore, RXB-SLNs exhibited an expressive anti-coagulant behavior in human and rat blood plasma. Also, the final formulation exhibited no toxicity after oral administration of the SLNs. All together, these studies revealed the capability of the SLNs for carrying the RXB with enhanced therapeutic efficacy and no toxicity, most importantly for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Making and Unmaking of East-West Link" by James Murphy is a book that explores the complex and highly politicized process of the East-West Link (EWL) transport infrastructure project in Victoria, Australia. The book examines three hypotheses: the role of state premiers in the project, the influence of bureaucrats, and the power of non-state actors. It concludes that no single actor or group can be solely blamed for the project's outcome, as it was the result of a wide array of actors and events. The book emphasizes the importance of stakeholder engagement and trustworthy relationships in the implementation of transport megaprojects. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of this study is to investigate the direct relationship between the environment, culture, sports tourism and economy. Additionally, in this study, we have used sports tourism as a mediating variable in the relationship between environment, culture, and economy. Moreover, the moderating role of the destination image in the proposed relationships is examined. To validate the model, data obtained from 373 Malaysian Ministry of Tourism, Arts, and Culture employees is incorporated into structural equation modeling (SEM), PLS 4. According to the findings of this study, there is a positive and significant relationship between the environment, culture, sports tourism and the economy. Additionally, sports tourism mediates the relationship between the environment, culture, and a country's economy. Interestingly, the study also found that destination image does not moderate the relationship between sports tourism and the economy. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of a healthy and culturally rich environment and the potential benefits of sports tourism for the economy. The findings of this research have important implications for policymakers and can be helpfully used in the tourism industry. In practical implications, fostering a healthy environment, preserving cultural heritage, and promoting sports tourism and destination image can boost the country's economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) is a weed crop in the temperate and Mediterranean areas. Its sweet almond-like tubers are considered important for their health and nutritional. Recent investigations have shown that tiger nuts are a valuable source of vegetable oils, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, tocopherols, and phytosterols, as well as high-value compounds such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds. Despite its high nutritive quality, tiger nut oil is used in the food industry compared to other vegetable oils. These dietary fibers are being used to prepare of fiber-rich meat products with higher physicochemical and nutritional properties. Since these by-products contain polyphenols, their application may be extended to control or inhibit lipid oxidation in foods. Tiger nuts and their by-products from the "horchata de chufa" production process have a resources for large of vitamins and minerals, fiber and bioactive compounds. Collected data that present the possible uses of this fantastic plant to the food industry, pharmaceutical application, agricultural development, and the generation of biofuels are also clarified. The aim of this study is to review the findings of the research on tiger nut and its food applications. The current review presents an overview of these studies and seeks to reveal possible future avenues for further research in the economic interests of tiger nuts and their by-products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventionally, the standard process monitoring control charts ( CC s) focused on fixed sample size ( FSS ). An optimal statistical scheme is proposed in this study using a variable sample size (VSS) to enhance the performance of a multivariate exponentially weighted moving average ( MEWMA ) control chart ( CC ) for compositional data ( CoDa ) (i.e. VSSMEWMA - CoDa CC ) based on a coordinate representation using isometric log-ratio transformation ( ilrt). A methodology is proposed to obtain the optimal parameters by considering the zero-state ( ZS ) average run length ( ZARL ) and the steady-state ( SS ) average run length ( SARL ) conditions of the process. The statistical performance of the proposed CC is evaluated based on a continuous-time Markov chain ( CTMC ) method for both cases (i.e. the ZS and the SS ) using a fixed value of in-control (IC) average run length ARL 0 . For benchmarking reasons, the out-of-control ( OOC ) performance of the VSSMEWMA - CoDa CC is compared against the traditional MEWMA - CoDa CC with FSS in terms of ARL ; the proposed CC shows better performance than the FSSMEWMA - CoDa CC . The SARL and ZARL of the VSSMEWMA - CoDa CC are always less than that of the FSSMEWMA - CoDa CC at some certain level of shifts. The proposed VSSMEWMA - CoDa CC performs, on average, 15.25 % ( SS ) and 18.28 % (for ZS ) more effectively than FSSMEWMA - CoDa CC . Moreover, it is found that the number of variables (d) has a negative impact on the run length characteristics of the VSSMEWMA - CoDa CC . When the value of d increases, the OOC SARL and ZARL of the VSSMEWMA - CoDa CC also increase. The SARL of the VSSMEWMA - CoDa CC is less than the ZARL of the VSSMEWMA - CoDa CC for all the combinations of sample size (n) and d, i.e. under SS , the proposed CC performs on average 5.19 % (for d = 3) and 28.8 % (for d = 5) better than the ZS situation. An example of an industrial problem of grid production for a European plant is also given to study the statistical significance and implementation of the VSSMEWMA - CoDa CC over the existing FSSMEWMA - CoDa CC . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores relationships between media power and older people in Western and non-Western settings, utilising the examples of Australia and Malaysia. Drawing on Fairclough's three-dimensional critical discourse analysis and a dataset of articles from Australian and Malaysian newspapers, it reveals that despite differences in journalistic practices in the two countries there is a common thread of disparate representation of voices of older people and elites in news about older people. This demonstrates the exercise of power by journalists – and the influence of broader media and socio-political environments – in sustaining and reproducing social inequalities, including opportunities for people to have their stories and issues portrayed fairly and accurately. While the lack of critical engagement by Malaysian journalists can be linked to social norms and ideas of Asian-based development journalism, the absence of critical engagement from the Australian news media can be seen as conflicting with their Fourth Estate watchdog role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to prepare novel quinoa biosorbent (QB), acid activated QB (QB/Acid) and its nanocomposite with magnetic nanoparticles (QB/MNPs) for batch scale Cr removal from contaminated water. The Cr adsorption was systematically studied at different pH (2–9), adsorbent dosage (1–3 g/L), initial concentration (25–200 mg/L), contact time (180 min) and competing ions in water. Maximum Cr adsorption was observed onto QB/MNPs (57.4 mg/L), followed by QB/Acid (46.35 mg/g) and QB (39.9 mg/g). The Cr removal by QB/MNPs was higher than QB/Acid and QB. Results revealed that the highest Cr removal was obtained at optimum pH 4, 25 mg/L, and 2 g/L dosage. The FTIR spectra displayed various functional groups on adsorbents surface serving as a potential scaffold to remove Cr from contaminated water. The equilibrium and kinetic Cr adsorption data best fitted with Freundlich and pseudo-second order models, respectively (R2 ≥ 0.96). The QB/MNPs showed excellent reusability in five adsorption/desorption cycles (4.7% decline) with minor leaching of Fe (below threshold level). The coexisting ions in groundwater showed an inhibitory effect on Cr sequestration (5%) from water. The comparison of Cr adsorption by QB/MNPs and QB/Acid showed better potential for Cr sequestration than various previously explored adsorbents in the literature. Quinoa is a cereal crop and after harvesting quinoa straws are either burnt or thrown away which can cause several environmental problems. It would be beneficial to utilize quinoa straws and its modified forms as adsorbents for the water remediation. Therefore, current study aims to estimate the adsorption capacity of quinoa biomass as biosorbent (QB) and its modifications (QB/Acid and QB/MNPs) to treat Cr (VI) contaminated water. The influence of various parameters governing the Cr removal from water has been evaluated. The reusability of QB/MNPs has also been evaluated for its economical use without losing effectiveness for Cr removal from water. The comparison of Cr adsorption by QB/MNPs and QB/Acid showed better adsorption potential for Cr sequestration than various previously explored adsorbents in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legume seeds are a potential protein source from plants. It has been reported that regular consumption of legumes in diet can ameliorate many serious cardiovascular diseases. Its addition in substantial amount; however, is restricted due its poor textural characteristics and substantial anti-nutritional factors (ANFs). Various methods to degrade ANFs and proteins have been adopted such as soaking, cooking, and germination. Bio-degradation by microorganisms; however, has attained popularity due to its innocuous effect on environment and health of body. Therefore, this review shall aim at the information about the impact of fermentation on the degradation of proteins and ANFs of the most popular legume seeds world wide, which will provide a comprehensive compendium to the researchers working on fermentation of cereals and legumes. Moreover, minerals availability and the production of different functional compounds after legume seeds fermentation shall be highlighted in this review article. In conclusion, the fermentation ability to improve functional properties majorly depends on the metabolic activities of the microorganisms involved in the process of fermentation. However, to produce nutritious products at commercial level from legumes requires proper fermentation of legume seeds and use of composite of cereals and legumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of sustainable biodegradation of long-alkanes with moderate pre-oxidation in soil. Moderate pre-oxidation was performed with two consecutive doses of 1.35 mL 30% of H2O2 (225 mM) in two soil. After moderate pre-oxidation, the experiment of sustainable biodegradation of long-alkanes during 80 d was conducted. Then, long-alkanes relative activity coefficient (K), NH4+-N allocation (G) and the performance of hydrocarbon degraders (E) was calculated. Long-alkanes were sustainably biodegraded with moderate pre-oxidation (1765 mg/kg, 2438 mg/kg and 2672 mg/kg). Long-alkanes biodegradation (8723 mg/kg) with moderate pre-oxidation was 2.5 folds of excessive pre-oxidation. The average increment in long-alkanes biodegradation with moderate pre-oxidation was 30–38% as K values improved (0.28–0.48). The bacterial destruction D decreased to 14–17% and hydrocarbon degraders activity increased to 0.065 mol CO2/kg with moderate pre-oxidation. Basidiomycota and Acinetobacter sp. showed high tolerance with moderate pre-oxidation and remained dominant strains throughout the bioremediation. NH4+-N consumption played an essential role as nutrients in growth of hydrocarbon degraders (Basidiomycota and Acinetobacter sp.). Then, high and sustained E was achieved with decreased D and elevated hydrocarbon degraders activity, resulting in high K. So, long-alkanes sustainably increasing biodegraded under high E assisted with elevated G with moderate pre-oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high rate of elemental sulfur (S0) accumulation from sulfide-containing wastewater has great significance in terms of resource recovery and pollution control. This experimental study used Thiobacillus denitrificans and denitrifying bacteria incorporated with signal molecules (C6 and OHHL) for simultaneous sulfide (S2–) and nitrate (NO3–) removal in synthetic wastewater. Also, the effects on S0 accumulation due to changes in organic matter composition and bacteria proportion through signal molecules were analyzed. The 99.0% of S2– removal and 99.3% of NO3– was achieved with 66% of S0 accumulation under the active S2– removal group. The S0 accumulation, S2– and NO3– removal mainly occurred in 0–48 h. The S0 accumulation in the active S2– removal group was 2.0-6.3 times higher than the inactive S2– removal groups. In addition, S0/SO42- ratio exhibited that S0 conversion almost linearly increased with reaction time under the active S2– removal group. The proportion of Thiobacillus denitrificans and H+ consumption showed a positive correlation with S0 accumulation. However, a very high or low ratio of H+/S0 is not suitable for S0 accumulation. The signal molecules greatly increased the concentration of protein-I and protein-II, which resulted in the high proportion of Thiobacillus denitrificans. Therefore, high S0 accumulation was achieved as Thiobacillus denitrificans regulated the H+ consumption and electron transfer rate and provided suppressed oxygen environment. This technology is cost-effective and commercially applicable for recovering S0 from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional models are challenging to deals with because of their complex structure. Two-dimensional models can be separated into two sub-models only if they are represented in separable-denominator form. However, the separable-denominator form must satisfy the minimal rank-decomposition criteria to decompose the two-dimensional model into two sub-models. This research proposes a transformation that transforms the original two-dimensional general model into a two-dimensional decoupled model form without involving separable-denominator form and minimal rank-decomposition criteria and then decomposes into two one-dimensional sub-models (i.e. two cascaded one-dimensional models). Furthermore, the suggested transformation preserves the symmetry of the decomposed one-dimensional sub-models. These sub-models are used for ease in the design, analysis, control, and model reduction. Numerical outcomes show that the suggested transformation efficiently transforms the original two-dimensional model into decoupled model form, demonstrating the proposed transformation's effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a significant load of degenerative and chronic illnesses, especially cancer, which is one of the main reasons for morbidity and death globally. Polyphenolic phytochemicals found in many plant diets have been shown in epidemiologic and preclinical studies to have chemopreventive activities against numerous cancer types. As a result, there is growing interest in possible cancer chemopreventive medicines derived from natural compounds, such as polyphenols, which may provide a novel, cost-effective way to reduce the global cancer burden. Various epidemiologic researchers have found a link between a soy-rich diet and tumor avoidance, which has been linked to the existence of genistein, a phenolic component found in soy-based diets. Genistein controlled strong anti-inflammatory actions through the blocking of different signaling pathways such as (PGs) Prostaglandins, pro-inflammatory (ROS) reactive oxygen species and cytokines, (iNOS) inducible nitric oxide synthase and (NF-κB) nuclear factor kappa-B. Furthermore, therapeutic effects of genistein have been conveyed in various pathological situations through modifying intracellular paths such as Akt, mTOR, PI3K, PPARγ, NF-κB, Nrf2 and AMPK. Genistein works as a chemotherapeutic drug against several cancers, primarily through modifying the cell cycle, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, as well as limiting metastasis. Genistein also exhibits a synergistic attitude with renowned anticancer medicines including adriamycin, tamoxifen and docetaxel indicating a possible role in grouping treatment. The study presents the recent data available on genistein's beneficial effects against various forms of cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chocolate is the most popular food type and flavor in this world. The key ingredient in many chocolate products is cocoa butter due to its unique fatty acid profile. Due to the expensive nature of cocoa butter, it has stimulated extensive research for fats that are cheaper and more easily available and can be used as cocoa butter substitutes. The mango (Mangifera indica) is known as the king of fruit due to its rich nutritive profile. The major parts of mango fruit are peel, pulp, and seed. Mango seed is usually discarded as waste which is a source of edible oil (7–12%). The current study was designed to produce chocolate with mango seed oil as a cocoa butter replacer. Mango seed oil was extracted using the soxhlet apparatus and its physiochemical properties were evaluated. Extracted oil was used in chocolate preparation with different proportions (0%, 30%, 70%, and 100%). Furthermore, chocolate was subjected to explore the effect of storage (21days) on product quality and sensory with 7days interval. Current results show that mango seed oil has a valuable fat profile containing palmitic acid (C16:0) 26%, stearic acid (C18:0) 36%, and oleic acid (C18:2) 33%. Moreover, innovative chocolate showed higher antioxidant activity as compared to control in different storage intervals. In addition, chocolate prepared with different proportions of mango seed oil showed higher sensory scores as compared to the control sample. The findings suggest that mango seed oil can replace cocoa butter in chocolate and reduce/manage mango seed waste to improve its antioxidant activity and nutritional value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, the most effective concentrations of moringa leaf extract (MLE), aloe vera gel (AV gel), ascorbic acid (1 mM) and oxalic acid (5 mM) were used. Physically mature fruits harvested from a commercial orchard were dipped in aqueous solutions of different edible coatings and kept at ambient conditions (25±2ºC & 55-60% RH) for evaluation of the quality and enzymatic parameters on daily basis till marketability. Current results revealed that 5 mM ascorbic acid treatment resulted in 57% reduced fruit weight loss; while 20% AV gel coating increased firmness by 60% over a 5-day ambient storage period. Application 6% MLE exhibited 50.7% and 49.7% reduced respiration rate and ethylene production respectively. Fruit biochemical quality parameters were also improved with the lowest accumulation of total soluble solids as a result of slow respiration, higher titratable acidity, ascorbic acid contents, carotenoids and anthocyanin contents in all treated fruit. While, total phenolic contents and total antioxidants along with superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and anthocyanins were higher in ascorbic acid treated fruits. The activity of poly phenol oxidase enzyme was lowest in fruits treated with 5 mM ascorbic acid solution. Conclusively, the application of different edible coatings was proved to be beneficial as numerous fruit biochemical and antioxidative attributes were improved by ascorbic acid treatment; furthermore, MLE, AV gel and oxalic acid treatments were also helpful in maintaining fruit quality of strawberry fruits over a 5-days ambient storage period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants are excellent food and medicinal resources because of their unique composition. Researchers have discovered that thousands of plants can help in achieving the desired health status through advanced research. This research article reveals the nutritional composition and significance of Tribulus terrestris. In addition, it also analyzed the physio-chemical evolution of nutraceutical products from Tribulus terrestris. From the proximate analysis, it was found that T. terrestris is rich in fiber and fat 24.28 ± 0.93% and 14.49 ± 1.42%, respectively. The rheological properties of the product were observed. The results reveal that water activity, stability of product, and dough development time increased 59.0 ± 0.06%, 15.0 ± 0.06 min, and 4.3 ± 0.07 min, respectively, by increasing the powder percentage. The functional behavior of the samples was examined, and significant results were depicted. Bulk density and oil absorption increased by increasing the percentage of powder 83.86 ± 1.36% and 69.16 ± 3.61%. The results of emulsifying stability were recorded as non-significant. Results regarding color analysis showed non-significant behavior of supplemented biscuits. The textural behavior of the product increased from 1.47 Nm−2 to 2.27 Nm−2. Results regarding the spread factor increased from 3.01 ± 0.04 to 3.83 ± 0.01 from T1 to T4. The sensory results indicated that T1 (2% Tribulus powder), T2 (3% Tribulus powder), T3 (4% Tribulus powder), and T4 (5% Tribulus powder) were acceptable after the control group. Thus, Tribulus terrestris can be used as a nutraceutical and functional ingredient in baked goods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, five different types of fish burgers were produced using 80% ground fish meat, 10% lipid, 6% spices mixture and 4% water. Burgers (5 mm thickness and 90 g weight) were produced using 100% fish oil (control), 75% fish oil and 25% mango kernel oil (MKO) (T1), 50% fish oil and 50% MKO (T2), 25% fish oil and 75% MKO (T3), 0% fish oil and 100% MKO (T4). Burgers were packaged in polyethylene bags and stored at −16 to −18°C for 90 days. The mangiferin, quercetin, catechin, chlorogenic and caffeic acid in MKO were 1381, 87, 512, and 973 mg/100 g. Total antioxidant capacity of control, T1, T2, T3, and T4 were 18.97, 31.47, 47.69, 65.37, and 78.82%. GC-MS analysis showed that ALA, EPA, and DHA) in T2 were 0.85, 3.62, and 4.19%. In controlled storage, loss of ALA, EPA, and DHA was 55, 14, and 11%. At T2 concentration, antioxidant compounds of MKO significantly altered the lipid oxidation in burgers. After storage in T2, loss of ALA, EPA, and DHA was 3.6, 1.98, and 1.71%. POV of 90 days stored control, T1, T2, T3, and T4 was 3.42, 1.55, 0.63, 0.41, and 0.31 (MeqO2/kg). Induction period of fish oil, MKO, in all levels was 2.45, 64.28, 7.33, 13.42, 18.39, and 62.84 hrs. Color flavor and texture score of 90 days stored T2 was 91, 90, and 86% of total score. MKO and fish oil can be used at 50:50 concentrations to formulate fish burgers of acceptable sensory properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the self-control perspective, this study investigated the buffering effect of emotional suppression in reducing the harmful influence of workplace ostracism on employee performance. The research also studied the mediating role of employee silence and voice behaviors based on social exchange theory. We performed moderated mediation analysis on responses received from 159 employees working in the financial industry of the Southern Punjab region of Pakistan. The results showed that workplace ostracism harms employee performance via employee silence and voice behaviors. Furthermore, emotional suppression moderated the mediated relationship between workplace ostracism and employee performance. The results indicated that if ostracized employees adopt voice behavior, emotional suppression cannot aid them in performing better as compared to those who remain silent and regain their self-esteem. Our findings highlight the importance of emotional suppression capability in reducing the damaging outcomes of ostracism in organizational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asiatic acid (AA) is a natural aglycone of pentacyclic triterpenoids and is abundantly present in many edible and medicinal plants, including Centella Asiatica, which is a reputed herb for wound healing and neuropsychiatric disorders in many traditional medicine formulations. Asiatic acid has various pharmacological functions such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and controls apoptosis, which in numerous diseases credits to its medicinal impact. In preclinical trials, asiatic acid demonstrated potent antihypertensive, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antitumor behaviors. It has been shown to influence multiple enzymes, receptors, growth factors, transcription factors, apoptotic proteins, and cell signaling cascades in several in vitro and in vivo experiments. This review aims to reflect the current therapeutic potential reports and the underlying pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of asiatic acid. In various diseases, studies display Asiatic acid's polypharmacological properties, therapeutic ability, and molecular pathways. With the available research data, asiatic acid appears to be a significant multi-targeted, natural-origin polypharmacological agent for further pharmaceutical production and clinical use. Provided advantageous pharmacokinetics, protection, and effectiveness, along with commonly used modern drugs. Asiatic acid may be a potential agent or adjuvant, with a pharmacological justification for its usage in therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kaempferol, found in various plants and foods, has gained attention as a useful flavonoid owing to its potential biological properties, including anticancer characteristics. Recent research studies suggest that kaempferol is effective in the inhibition and treatments of several forms of cancer, e.g. lung, ovarian, breast and lung cancer. One probable mechanism of action of kaempferol is its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials, which may help to prevent DNA damage and inhibit the proliferation of cancerous cells. Besides triggering apoptosis in cancerous cells, Kaempferol may also inhibit the growth and relocation of cancerous cells. Moreover, kaempferol has a very wide range of bioactivities, involving anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This includes understanding the optimal dosing and timing of kaempferol treatment, as well as the potential interactions with other medications and the long-term safety of kaempferol use. Overall, the available evidence and studies suggest that kaempferol may provide a potential natural agent for the prevention and treatments of cancers. Despite the promising findings in preclinical and clinical research, further research is needed to confirm its efficacy and understand the mechanisms of action, and to fully explore the potential of kaempferol in different cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Berberine is a metabolite of many medicinal plants. Chemically, berberine belongs to the isoquinoline alkaloids family. The roots of plants grown at lower elevations have a higher concentration of berberine as compared to plants grown at higher elevations. Berberine is a natural substance, which is now among the patent pharmaceuticals for reducing chronic disorders and malignancies. Berberine is also classified as a nutraceutical. Nutraceuticals have been associated with various health benefits via modifying microRNA (miR) expression systems, apoptosis, gene activity, chemical signals/pathways and activation of transcription factors thus aiding in the prevention from various ailments. The pharmacokinetic studies revealed that berberine is poorly absorbed via intestinal walls therefore, its concentration level is extremely low in body fluid. However, the quantity of berberine and its active derivatives in organs is higher as compared to blood as it stably present in tissues. Berberine has an effective role in the body as an anticancer, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, antiaging and cardioprotective agent. In this review, the therapeutic potentials of berberine are discussed to understand its nutraceutical importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curcumin is a phenolic pigment, naturally present in Curcuma longa species. It is a yellow active ingredient and shows a pivotal role in the modulation of biological processes resulting in the prevention of cancer particularly due to its radical scavenging activities. In gastrointestinal cancer cells, curcumin has been shown to induce cell death through apoptosis and to cause cell cycle arrest, down-regulating glycolytic enzyme expressions alongside inhibition of the matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) promoter activity and SDF-1α-induced cell invasion. It also activates the expression of cleaved caspase-3, reduces cell viability, regulates the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, decreases the number of cells in the proliferative G0/G1 phase and increases the number of cells in the S phase. Additionally, curcumin prevents DNA from replication during the S phase. This review discusses the chemo-preventive role of curcumin and its mechanisms against human gastrointestinal cancers to understand its activity and potential utilization as a therapeutic moiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this analysis, we contemplate newly discovered bond-additive Mostar invariants that seem to provide quantitative measures of peripheral shapes of molecules. Dendrimers are nano-sized, radially symmetric molecules with transparent, homogeneous, and monodisperse structure that has a typically symmetric core, an inner and outer shells. Their three macromolecular architectural characteristics are broadly known as to create rather polydisperse products of various molecular weights. There is a large number of dendrimers, in which each of them has biological characteristics such as chemical stability, polyvalency, electrostatic interactions, self-assembling, low cytotoxicity, and solubility. These significant characteristics make dendrimers a good choice in the medical field, and this review covers their different features. In this paper, the different versions of weighted Mostar invariants for the molecular graphs of three types of dendrimers known as Phthalocyanines, triazine and nanostar dendrimers as their cores are determined by the use of the cut method and the numerical way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has attracted the researcher's attention due to its rapid, cost-effective, sustainable and eco-friendly nature. Current studies were carried out to perform and investigate the green synthesis of NiO NPs with aqueous (NiO(aqueous)) and ethanolic extracts (NiO(ethanolic)) of Acacia nilotica leaves, respectively. The NPs were characterized by spectroscopic, microscopic and thermometric techniques including FTIR, Raman, XRD, SEM, TGA and DSC. The electrochemical properties, antibacterial potential and haemolytic activities of the synthesized NPs were also examined. XRD patterns revealed the face-centred cubic structures of NiO NPs and a high degree of crystallinity. The average crystallite size of NiO(aqueous) NPs was significantly smaller (16 nm) than that of NiO(ethanolic) NPs (28 nm). SEM images show that NiO NPs are spherical. The synthesized NiO NPs demonstrate good electrochemical stability at an operating potential of −0.5-0.5 V. The inhibition effect of NiO NPs(ethanol) against B. subtilis, was comparable to the ciprofloxacin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The end-capped modelling of non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) units have been performed onto the structure of a dithiophene-based 6,6′-di(thiophen-2-yl)-4,4′-bipyrimidine (DTB) moiety to design nine new dyes (DTIT1–DTIT9). All the calculations were performed by density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent DFT (TD-DFT) based calculations. Their molecular geometries were optimised to their ground state energies at CAM-B3LYP functional of DFT with 6–31+G(d,p). The maximum absorbance (λmax) of DTB was noted at 431 nm and all the new dyes DTIT1–DTIT9 displayed λmax frequencies around 432–498 nm. The natural transition orbital (NTO) analysis has been performed for each dye molecule only for the excited state with the highest oscillator strength (f). The natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was used to determine the stability of dyes with their greatest hyper conjugation related interactions. All the dyes DTIT1–DTIT9 had smaller HOMO–LUMO energy gaps (Egaps) than DTB ranging between 0.38 and 5.79 eV, resulting in a significant nonlinear optical (NLO) response. The dye DTIT7 had the highest NLO response of all the compounds studied, owing to the inclusion of four cyanide (CN) groups. NLO activation was higher in the designed substances than in DTB. The dyes DTIT1–DTIT9 may be potential contenders for NLO applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quercetin, a flavonoid, is a dietary component that has attracted the attention of dietitians and medicinal chemists due to its anticancer potential. It is an antioxidant that has a significant role in reducing different human cancers such as breast, pancreatic, prostate, colon, blood, and oral. Being as an additional anti-cancer agent, it can stop cancer cell invasion and metastasis, induce apoptosis and autophagy, decrease cancer cell growth and proliferation. Multiple mechanisms, including suppression of pathways involved in cell survival, angiogenesis, and inflammation, are thought to be responsible for these anticancer effects. Quercetin has anti-inflammatory properties in both in vitro and in vivo tests, which is important as chronic inflammation is a major contributor to cancer. Preventing the synthesis of cytokines and chemokines that encourage inflammation can support to lessen inflammation and stop the spread of cancer. In cancer cells, quercetin can cause programmed cell death, which can stop the cells from rapidly multiplying and replicating. It provides protection against degradation of DNA induced by radiation and other carcinogens. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, the NF-κB system, and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is few of the signaling pathways that quercetin modulates. It can activate the process of autophagy, which breaks the growth and range of cancer by having cells terminate and recover damaged or unwanted cellular mechanisms. The best treatment plans for various cancer kinds will need to be determined through additional research, which will also help confirm its safety and effectiveness in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Valorization of food waste has gained much popularity in current era due to the occurrence of various bioactive components in it. By-products obtained from the processing of onion are rich and dense source of bioactive components that can provide health-promoting effects when incorporated in various functional foods. Current study was conducted for the development of onion peel powder (OPP)-enriched bread. Moreover, the effect of onion waste supplementation on bread was further characterized structurally and functionally by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Overall, the mean results showed the addition of OPP significantly (p <0.05) modified the overall characteristics of functional bread as well as improved its antioxidant potential. The rheological properties determined through mixographic and farinographic analysis showed that the OPP added bread results in more stable dough having 64.67%, tolerance index 134.11% softness and while 6.32 min mixing time and 54.24 ± 0.08 BU peak height. The total phenolic contents (TPC) and flavonoid content (FC) of functional breads also increased while a visible increase in DPPH activity of functional breads was observed. However, SEM revealed the OPP-enriched bread had less fine protein structure because of the presence of higher fiber content as compared control sample while the FTIR analysis revealed the presence of various functional groups in OPP bread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honey, propolis, and passionflower contain a flavone known as chrysin. Researchers are studying chrysin to prove its potential to stop cancer cells growth. Chrysin cancer therapeutic potential is of great interest and numerous studies have been done to illustrate this potential. It is associated protein pathways effectively suppress tumor growth within the body. It is shown to have the ability to kill breast, prostate, lung, liver, and stomach cancerous cells. It can block Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) and Mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling in different animals against various cancers. Chrysin has the potential to kill breast cancer cells in a laboratory setting by inhibiting their cell division. Chrysin strongly suppresses Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), i.e. factors that can cause cancer. Chrysin has the ability to suppress the androgen receptor (AR), a protein necessary for prostate cancer development and metastasis. It starts the caspase cascade and blocks protein synthesis to kill lung cancer cells. Unnecessary apoptosis can be prevented by stopping certain protein pathways. Chrysin significantly decreased lung cancer metastasis in various animal-modeled studies. Chrysin induces apoptosis and stops colon cancer cells in the G2/M cell cycle phase. Chrysin suppresses colon cancer-promoting cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2. Chrysin suppressed cyclin B1 and CDK2 production in order to stop cancerous growth. Chrysin prevents tumor growth and cancer spread by blocking blood vessel expansion. Chrysin's solubility, accessibility and bioavailability may limit its medical use. Chrysin targets numerous cancer-related communication pathways present in cells. Chrysin may reduce the chances of the onset of cancer, it can also serve as an alternative treatment as a whole to prevent and treat various cancers, but more clinical trials and research studies are needed to fully unlock its potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apigenin (4,'5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is one of the most studied flavonoids with low toxicity and abundantly present phenolic compound in the plant kingdom. The main sources of apigenin are fruits, vegetables, nuts, herbs, honey, and plant-based drinks like tea. Numerous plants produce apigenin as a secondary metabolite and its intake is strongly related to its anti-inflammatory propensities. The purpose of present review was to wade through the literature on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of this metabolite in various diseases and summarize the key objectives as they appear. Existing literature reported that apigenin is a promising candidate in managing a panoply of inflammatory-related diseases including cancer, diabetes, obesity, depression, insomnia, infection, and respiratory, cardiovascular, hepatoprotective, neurodegenerative, and skin diseases. Studies showed that apigenin significantly decreases the secretion of various proinflammatory cytokines specifically tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. Moreover, apigenin effectively blocks the nitric oxide-mediated cyclooxygenase-2 expression and monocyte attachment and Prostaglandin by lowering iNOS and COX-2 in both microglial and macrophage mouse cells. Apigenin can slow the course of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in vivo by reducing high fat diet (HFD)-induced deposition of lipids and oxidative stress. It also controlled redox imbalances, suppress neuronal death and showed memory enhancement/learning skills and a reduction of fibrillar amyloid deposits with lowered insoluble Aβ concentrations in vivo. Taken together, it can be argued that apigenin can wane inflammation and thus offers a promising future in slowing down the development of chronic diseases and associated complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]