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Over the course of the following chapters, Spencer charts the inability of Britain to corral its Pacific dominions into a fully functioning empire-wide air defence program during the 1920s. For example, the introductory chapters of the Australian and New Zealand official histories of air power in World War II examined their military aviation history largely through nationalist lenses, with a view to explaining their respective nations' war preparedness. British Imperial Air Power: The Royal Air Forces and the Defense of Australia and New Zealand between the World Wars: By Alex M. Spencer. [Extracted from the article]

The variety of contributions in I Fragments i point to how we might yet substantially revise current understandings of New Zealand's colonial conflict and its memories. This "fragmented" but exciting collection is useful as a short accessible text for Australian scholars wanting to understand shifts in New Zealand's commemoration of colonial conflict. Kidman pitches a larger context of colonial conflict and its legacy in an opening chapter on the 250th commemoration of Captain Cook in 2019, conveyed beautifully in an ethnographic mode. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Historical socio-political processes have produced gross inequity of health resource for Aboriginal Australians and New Zealand Māori. Objectives: This paper argues that socio-political factors resulting from the entrenchment of colonialism have produced significant personal and structural barriers to the utilisation of healthcare services and directly impact the health status of these two vulnerable groups. Design: Discussion Paper. Conclusions: Understanding the actual barriers preventing the utilisation of healthcare facilities, as perceived by Indigenous people, is essential in reducing the gross disparity between Indigenous and non-Indigenous morbidity and mortality in Australia and New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circulation of early films was highly ephemeral, since films were regarded as consumable, interchangeable objects. Their rapid passage through cinemas, staying for just a few days or weeks, left few traces that can be used to document their movement a century later. Even in the case of films featuring a phenomenally successful star like the Danish actress Asta Nielsen in the burgeoning early cinema market of Australia and New Zealand (known collectively as Australasia or the Antipodes), few records of silent-era distribution or exhibition companies have survived to reveal which Asta Nielsen films they may have imported and screened, let alone what audiences thought of the films they were able to view. Fortunately, the open-access digitization of extensive archival newspaper holdings in New Zealand (paperspast.natlib.govt.nz) and Australia (trove.nla.gov.au) has made it possible to recreate much of the circulation history of many early films, thereby indicating their popularity and relative profitability. Such archival material confirms that Asta Nielsen was a well-known, highly valued star in the Australasian cinema firmament, with nearly two dozen films in circulation over a four-year period preceding the First World War. This article demonstrates how Trove and Papers Past can be used to follow the movement of the Asta Nielsen film When the Mask Falls/Wenn die Maske fällt (1912) through Australasia, contextualize it as part of a much larger phenomenon of Asta Nielsen films in the Antipodes, and situate it within the larger context of Australasian cinema exhibition and distribution in the pre-First World War era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the application of force majeure, the principle of change of circumstances, and the doctrine of frustration in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand and China. The paper will first outline the general legal test and legal consequences of the three doctrines. Secondly, the paper will discuss the legal tests and legal consequences of the three doctrines specifically in New Zealand and China and in the context of COVID-19. Thirdly, the paper will discuss the similarities and differences between the three doctrines. In the second part of this paper, the paper will discuss how the three doctrines apply to commercial lease cases in the context of COVID-19. The paper will select two commercial lease cases in New Zealand and China to analyse the robustness of all three legal doctrines in providing practical workable solutions for tenants and landlords during government-imposed lockdowns and enforced closures of leased premises. The paper illustrates how the differences in the legal tests, legal consequences and underlying rationales of the doctrines result in different outcomes of a case. The paper concludes that the doctrines each have their strengths and weaknesses and other civil and common law countries can learn from the experiences of China and New Zealand. Furthermore, the paper suggests that courts should carefully consider the relevant facts and circumstances of a case when applying legal doctrines. Moreover, courts need to strike the right balance between doing the victims of unforeseen circumstances and upholding the principle of the sanctity of contract. The analysis of the three doctrines is particularly useful in this day and age where there is a high likelihood of the occurrence of another pandemic-level event and causing unprecedented disruptions to the commercial world. Moreover, the research has provided tenants and landlords with a good starting point as to how to protect themselves in the event of an unforeseen event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relocation experiences of sixteen women and men who moved with their children to Aotearoa New Zealand when their partners took up career positions in that country. It analyses the relative weight they gave to their careers and their relationships with their partners as they responded to the challenges posed by these transitions. Attention to the interests of children is also identified as significant in their career decisions. Interviews with similar numbers of women and men whose partners were globally mobile employees enables analysis of the diverse ways in which gender shapes career pathways during a period of transition. The findings contribute to a complex analysis of the situation of those previously referred as a 'trailing' or 'accompanying' spouse when a dual career couple engages in international relocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-designed health initiatives are gaining popularity in Aotearoa (New Zealand). However, emerging research identifies potential pitfalls for Indigenous populations, particularly Māori (Indigenous Peoples of Aotearoa), when Kaupapa Māori principles are ignored. Using the Indigenous He Pikinga Waiora Implementation (HPW) framework as a guide, this paper provides an autoethnographic reflective account of the co-design process that led to the development and implementation of the Whirihia holistic assessment tool for the Kaupapa Māori antenatal wānanga (workshop) Whirihia Te Korowai Aroha. The co-design process resulted in a culturally appropriate and responsive holistic assessment tool that provided a quality health needs assessment pathway for māmā hapū (pregnant women) and their whānau (family). This reflective account provides examples of key considerations that align to the HPW framework in the hope that it will afford some guidance for fellow emerging researchers who wish to undertake ethical co-designed health research with Māori (and non-Māori) communities and organisations. Glossary of Māori words: Aotearoa: New Zealand; hapū: sub-tribes; hapūtanga: pregnancy; hui: meeting; ipu: clay pot; iwi: tribe; Kaupapa Māori: Māori ideology incorporating the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values of Māori society; māmā: mothers; māmā hapū: pregnant women; Māori: Indigenous people of Aotearoa; Pākehā: non-Māori (most often New Zealand European); pēpi: infant; pono: true, valid, honest, genuine; pōwhiri: welcome ceremony; te ao Māori: Māori world view; te reo Māori: Māori language; tika: correct, accurate, appropriate; tikanga: values and beliefs; wahakura: woven flax basket that can be used in the parental bed; waiata: song; wānanga: workshop; whakawhānau: birth; whakawhanaungatanga: relationship/connections; whānau family; whenua: afterbirth; land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This storied paper reflects my awakening to the notion of interbeing, a core concept of Engaged Buddhism posed by the Vietnamese Zen Buddhist Thich Nhat Hanh. My awareness was heightened in writing about a young Vietnamese child, Dylan, with whom I engaged in an early childhood study in Aotearoa New Zealand. Underpinned by Chen's Asia as Method, interbeing is considered a research orientation for decolonization, an alternative way of knowing and thinking in mutuality and relatedness. In the light of interbeing, the writing is a process of living my lives and the others' lives as well as transforming myself to see with the child. The paper conveys critical moments in my writing path with the potential to integrate non-Western philosophy into qualitative research with young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Private renters in New Zealand during the 1970s paid high rents relative to their incomes and endured poor quality and insecure housing. Protest groups formed across the country in order to protect and promote tenant interests; a rare occurrence in New Zealand's history. The groups supported tenants through direct action and legal advice and lobbied for policy change. This paper draws on the archives of tenant groups to investigate why these groups arose at this time, what they achieved, and what challenges they experienced. The groups assisted many tenants, contributed to clarifying tenancy law, and, in some cases, evolved into service providers. However, they were challenged by the systemic policy bias toward homeownership and ultimately failed to create a more equitable housing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Te Tiriti o Waitangi (Te Tiriti) signed in 1840 by the British Crown and a number of indigenous hapū (subtribes) collectively named Māori has been widely positioned as the foundation document for the colonial state of Aotearoa New Zealand. Devastating consequences of breaches of Te Tiriti form an injustice perpetuated through overt and covert institutional racism. Such racism undermines Māori sovereign status, harms the wellbeing of contemporary Māori, contradicts a justice aspired to among democratic nations, and diminishes the justification of ourselves as a just people. As authors the demand to eradicate such racism is influenced by many Māori leaders whose efforts to honour Te Tiriti have never waned. We describe Decol2020 as a creative collaboration among community and scholarly activists intent on transforming racism. We offer this paper as a contribution to how such collaborations may be invigorated wherever any institutionalized injustice requires redress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three naming systems have been applied to the flora of Aotearoa New Zealand, but differences in their use are poorly understood. Analyses of 45 sets of Māori and settlers' vernacular plant names and botanical names in Papers Past between 1839 and 1948 shows that Māori plant names were well-used in referring to the flora. Māori plant names (2,242,201; 82.6%) are mentioned more than settlers' names (465,155; 17.1%) or botanical nomenclature (8,193; 0.3%). Māori name usage was dominant from 1839 to 1858, declined during 1859–1868 when settlers' names were featured, and increased from 53.15% in 1869 to 90.89% in 1948. In Papers Past, 32 (71.0%) of the 45 Māori plant name(s) are mentioned most often, followed by 11 (24.5%) settlers' and two (4.5%) botanical names. Analysis of the 45 sets of names in four New Zealand science journals (1863–2020) shows the number of name mentions to be: botanical nomenclature 10,827 (54.4%), Māori 6,731 (33.8%) and settlers' 2,341 (11.8%). Botanical nomenclature (35 names) and Māori names (10 names) were the most mentioned of the 45 sets of names in the science journals. Analysis of the 45 sets of names in a Google Search undertaken in 2021 confirmed the prevalence of Māori names (92.5%) over botanical nomenclature (7.5%). The most mentioned Māori names refer to plants of economic importance such as rimu, mānuka and mataī. The overall dominance of Māori plant name mentions does not support recent contentions that botanical nomenclature has 'set aside' and 'replaced' these. Further, the low number of total mentions of botanical nomenclature in Papers Past and the science journals suggests little is to be gained from promoting the use of Māori epithets in botanical nomenclature for newly named taxa, and a strategy for the promotion of Māori plant names in the context of indigenous ecological knowledge is perhaps desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper highlights the complex relations between public and private spaces with regard to young children's bilingual learning, and the importance of developing a pedagogy that allows for the interaction of learning across the two spaces. It uses findings from a qualitative study to illustrate nuanced (mis)alignments between dominant language discourses in New Zealand early childhood education and Chinese immigrant families' aspirations regarding the languages they want their children to learn and use. The study involved analysing a range of institutional documents to identify early childhood education discourses promoted in New Zealand. Alongside this, individual interviews were conducted with a group of Chinese immigrant parents to investigate their involvement in children's early childhood education. Families' aspirations, experiences and practices regarding children's bilingual learning were frequently mentioned during the interviews, and these are valuable knowledge for teachers. This paper presents findings related to these dual language learning expectations. It uses theoretical constructs of social spaces to interpret the findings and their implications for a responsive pedagogy that embraces bi/multilingualism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the temporal dimensions in and consequences of migration from the perspective of how they are involved in both promoting and undermining cosmopolitan attitudes and practices amongst mobile subjects. Drawing on qualitative research with new Chinese migrants to New Zealand, the paper explores how their process of becoming cosmopolitan to participate in intercultural interactions is constructed differently in relation to momentary, everyday, remembered and imagined times/temporalities embedded in their lives. In particular, the paper asks whether and how migrant individuals navigate through temporal dissonance occurred across the migratory process by engaging in or retreating from cosmopolitanism. Essentially, this paper develops a temporally-sensitive theoretical approach to unpack how time and temporalities function in the migration process, especially how they articulate with the possibilities of migrant individuals encountering diversity and obtaining a sense of home in the host society, thus contributing to studies of cosmopolitanism and time in migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews tourism-relevant advances in climate science and tourism policy in the Australasia region over the past 20 years, focusing particularly on the seven years (2015–2021) since the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. Within the Australasia region, Australia and New Zealand have a complicated relationship with climate change, as both countries are dependent upon stable climates for tourism while contributing to high tourism greenhouse gas emissions. Both are economically reliant on their respective tourism industries, which market environmental products to predominantly long-haul tourism markets. In this paper we critically address the climate change context in Australasia, reviewing the tourism systems, climate risks and carbon risks in the region. We critique the (dis)connection of climate change and tourism policy at the national scale in the region, and find that the extent of climate responses in relation to tourism are generally limited to descriptive (Generation 1) and normative (Generation 2) approaches. We conclude that serious deficiencies remain in the climate science – tourism policy translation required to transform the tourism systems of Australia and New Zealand in response to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the second of a two-part New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics Special Issue on understanding sedimentary systems in Aotearoa-New Zealand's Hikurangi Subduction Margin (HSM). This volume includes six research papers that explore sediment-tectonic interactions operating over a range of spatio-temporal scales. We take a distinctive perspective moving from the subduction deformation front in the Hikurangi Trough, upslope to the subduction wedge, and onshore to the Coastal Ranges. Temporally, papers span the onset of subduction in the Miocene, to disentangling provenance of turbidity currents triggered by the 2016 CE Kaikōura Earthquake. Collectively, the studies in the special issue reveal a complicated and continually evolving margin, where active tectonics and volcanism, coupled with vigorous climatic and oceanographic drivers, modulate erosion, transport, and depositional cycles of vast volumes of terrigenous sediment into ocean basins. Despite decades of significant research advances in our knowledge of the HSM, considerable scope remains for future work. A deeper understanding of fundamental tectonic-sediment interactions operating on active margins, along with the significant geohazards they pose remain outstanding research needs. Collectively, Volumes 1 and 2 highlight enduring interest in the HSM as a globally important natural laboratory for the study of subduction zone geoscience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The face of climate action is increasingly young, well informed, and active. But despite the growing rumble of this youth-quake, the New Zealand political system has to date been slow to respond to climate change mitigation. This article will therefore critically explore the apparent paradox between the image of New Zealand as a leading progressive democratic society, and its current response to the climate emergency. In particular, the paper will interrogate this theme from the perspectives of the international critique of New Zealand's current legal and policy response, the dynamic lens of climate change litigation and its potential to influence public policy, and the increasing impact of tikanga Māori as a primary source of New Zealand law and its relational approach to the wellbeing of the environment and the underlying ethic of stewardship. The overall thesis of the paper will be that cumulatively these trends will have the energy to generate an effective response to climate change and mobilise the urgent joined-up action required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and build adaptive capacity within the closing opportunity of the next two decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flooding is Aotearoa-New Zealand's most frequent natural hazard, and there is high confidence that climate change is making extreme rainfall events more frequent and intense. Additionally, there are significant development pressures which could both increase the number of people and assets at risk and the flood hazard. To date, there is no publicly available consistent approach to accurately determine flood risk on a national scale, nor for how this may be changing; although there is a growing legislative requirement to provide quality information over multiple spatial scales. This paper draws on empirical data to gain insights on how to best manage changing flood risks in Aotearoa-New Zealand from the perspective of centrally organised entities. Findings confirm the need for a nationally consistent approach to flood risk management, better understanding of Aotearoa's communities and their vulnerability to floods, equitable access to quality information and decision-support tools, and better understanding of the economic impacts on differing communities, regions and places. The paper concludes that to achieve a flood-resilient Aotearoa, flood governance needs to be reconfigured to achieve national consistency in flood risk management whilst enabling targeted variability at the local scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inclusive education communities and systems are based on how teachers can use their knowledge, skills, and social awareness to meet the increasingly diverse needs of the learners within their classrooms. International research suggests that teachers often feel underprepared to meet the needs of all learners and are largely ill-prepared to know how best to teach and include children living with a chronic illness. The findings from a mixed-methods study involving 55 New Zealand primary school teachers are reported here. Drawing on this study, this paper presents teachers' experiences on how they got to know these children as individuals. Teachers reflected on how they sought the children's own voices to better understand the implications of their illnesses for living and learning. The paper presents teachers' experiences on how they embraced the opportunity for their own professional learning and development, and for some teachers, the joys of working with these inspirational children. The themes 'don't stress', 'learn everything you can', and 'work as a team' are presented. This paper argues that teaching a child living with a chronic illness is a privilege. It is an opportunity for teachers to develop knowledge and skills that will benefit their practice with all children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing interest in Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and Indigenous worldviews has refocused attention on land and resource management systems as well as local knowledge of flora and fauna. As Western medicine often ignores the spiritual and mental intricacies of health, finding a balance between Western and Non-Western knowledge is vital to creating a culturally and ecologically responsive environment. This paper addresses the growing interest in TEK as a catalyst for urban landscape regeneration by incorporating the biophysical dimensions of place and environment. It explores the proposed design of a Māori Rongoā learning garden in a public space in the city of Wellington, the capital city of New Zealand. By identifying opportunities in designing plant collections and issues for plant harvesting, this paper aids the discourse on potential cultural collisions and strategies for both reconnecting with Indigenous people but also connecting non-Indigenous people to the natural surroundings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With critical lessons drawn from past major earthquakes, the engineering community is appealing for a fundamental shift in the existing design philosophy for structures in seismic zones. One strategy is to endow structures with self-centering (SC) capability. While the concept of SC structures is not new, many novel technologies have been recently emerging that are more efficient, compact, and cost-effective; on the other hand, growing controversy and dispute have also been appearing with deepening investigations. This paper presents a critical review of the evolution of SC technologies and systems for both researchers and practitioners, with an emphasis on post-tension (PT), high-performance spring, and shape memory alloy (SMA) strategies. These SC technologies, together with various energy dissipation options, form the basis of a large part of the newly proposed SC philosophies. This review also includes typical SC structural members such as beam-to-column connections, braces, dampers, shear walls, bridge piers, and isolation bearings, followed by a discussion on the dynamic behavior from a system-level point of view. Available design approaches for SC structures are also touched upon, and practical applications that have emerged over the past decades in several countries including Canada, China, New Zealand, and the US are presented. This paper concludes with an executive summary that covers technological advances, knowledge gaps, and future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New Zealand institutions and private collectors use both QuakeHold!™ Museum Wax and Rhoplex® N-580 to temporarily secure their objects on display, though the manufacture of Rhoplex® N-580 was discontinued in 2018. This paper studies the efficacy of a select group of adhesives to produce similar stabilising effects for terracotta and glass objects during seismic events, while also exhibiting properties which meet standards for conservation and display. Shake-table and tilt table test methods were used to imitate the effects of an earthquake on two types of objects secured to painted medium-density fibreboard or acrylic. Lascaux® 303HV shows promise for use as a temporary adhesive for small objects on display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first of a two-part New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics Special Issue that focuses on improving our understanding of sedimentary systems of the Hikurangi Subduction Margin, Aotearoa-New Zealand. It is amongst the world's youngest and most accessible active subduction margins and its sedimentary basins preserve a rich history of inception and ongoing evolution, spanning trench to back-arc positions. These sediments and sedimentary rocks provide a record of surface processes from the latest Paleogene to today, and reflect the spatio-temporal variability of the effects of subduction, seismicity, volcanism, evolving sediment sources, routing systems and processes, all imprinted upon by glacio-eustatic sea-level changes. The papers in this volume focus on the interplay between controlling mechanisms and the dynamics of these systems, from both onshore and offshore sedimentary environments. This issue is divided into two themes, distinguished by geological age: 1. Miocene Sedimentary Systems and intra-slope basin evolution, and 2. Insights from Quaternary Sedimentary Systems from the trench to the inner margin. Collectively, these papers represent significant advances into our understanding of sedimentary systems within the Hikurangi Subduction Margin, with innovative results that may find applications to other convergent settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rich history of migration of people to New Zealand paved the way for the multicultural environment that it has today. As individuals from different countries with various cultures move to a new environment, they encounter transformations that commence contact and communication with members of the new environment. The constant interaction of both New Zealanders and migrants creates changes in feelings, perceptions, and lifestyles that can be analyzed along with the development of cultural adaptation theories. Social science researchers explained how individuals manage changes within themselves and in the environment and proposed working concepts on adaptation. This paper provides a literature review on the cultural adaptation experiences in New Zealand acculturation, cultural adaptation, and cultural fusion using Berry (1970, 2003, 2005, 2006), Aycan and Berry (1996), and Sam and Berry (2010) on acculturation, Kim (2001, 2017) on cross-cultural cultural adaptation, Kraidy (2005) on cultural hybridity, and Croucher and Kramer (2017) on cultural fusion theory. Discussions are centered on the interplay of concepts and empirical studies in understanding different perspectives on the process of adaptation in New Zealand through a communication lens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of Stage One in the development of a new resource about school libraries and teacher-librarianship in Australia and New Zealand. This new advocacy, research and information tool was produced by a team of academics from the School of Information and Communication Studies, Charles Sturt University. This team have expertise in education, librarianship, and teacher-librarianship. Curating over 100 years of resources for, and about teacher-librarians and school libraries in Australia and New Zealand, Stage One of the Knowledge Bank of Australian and New Zealand School Libraries (KBANZSL) is a point-in-time guide and record of critical reports, books, papers, and other resources about Australian school libraries and teacher-librarianship. It is intended to support researchers, administrators, practitioners and advocates of school libraries and teacher-librarianship by recording literature in the field in a single location. Details of the project's scope, development and parameters are discussed, and examples of the intended final outputs are provided. The overall project addresses an identified gap in the research around teacher-librarianship in Australia and New Zealand. An opportunity to build on this current research exists, with the intention that Stage Two of the project will extend the resource into the online environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the historical geography of British child migration to New Zealand between 1949 and 1954; a period that marked the 'beginning of the end' of centuries of state-sanctioned emigration of unaccompanied, poor, British children. This particular child migration programme was executed under the dual motivations of boosting the New Zealand economy through population increase, whilst 'rescuing' British children living in poverty. This paper seeks to explore the concept of the commodification of children through an historical account based on thematic analysis of New Zealand newspaper articles published between 1910 and 2017. This analysis demonstrates the way newspaper stories both reflect social discourse – in this instance concerning the desirability of the hosting of British child migrants – and act as a socio-technical device that shapes them – marketing the children to potential host families. The paper demonstrates how transnational geo-political and geo-economic flows of unaccompanied children complicate biocommodification and caring relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes a critical, historical employment relations approach to present an original contribution to research on sustainable tourism employment. The research is focussed on a gendered analysis of (un)sustainable employment practices in the New Zealand tourist hotel sector from 1950 to 2000, specifically concentrating on the role of the Hotel Workers Union and the broader post-war corporatist and neo-liberal economic, political and social policies that affected tourism work during this period. After presenting a detailed historical narrative in the findings, the paper argues that by uncovering the influences of global, national and organisation level change on sustainable labour we can gain meaningful, new perspectives on employment in this sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on two separate research projects, one with Black and Latinx youth in the United States and another with LGBTQ+ youth in New Zealand, to explore the affective experiences of young people with the FitnessGram® assessment. We specifically use affect theory through poetic inquiry to entangle interview data from young participants about their experiences with FitnessGram®. We then (re)present the data through poetic forms. We argue the turn to affect and poetic inquiry allows us, as researchers, to respond to dominant discourses around FitnessGram® (and young bodies) in critical and creative ways. And, we embrace the experimental, open-ended potential of poetic (re)presentation to bring awareness to the youths' experiences and to encourage others (researchers, educators, practitioners, policymakers) to engage differently as well. We hope, through such aesthetic forms, we can start to value the affects of FitnessGram® on youth and think divergently about this popular practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a kaupapa Māori model for the creation of Māori Information Technology (IT) artefacts, an alternative Artificial Intelligence (AI) related development to the exciting colonial dominated AI biased systems. In Aotearoa, Māori are overrepresented in underachievement in education, poor health, welfare dependency and incarceration rates (New Zealand Department of Corrections. 2007. Over-representation of Māori in the criminal justice system: an exploratory report. Department of Corrections [updated January 2022; accessed]. https:// www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/10715/Overrepresentation- of-Maori-in-the-criminal-justice-system.pdf.; Maclaurin J, Liddicoat J, Gavighan C, Knott A, Zerilli J. 2019. Government use of artificial intelligence in New Zealand. Wellington, New Zealand: The New Zealand Law Foundation). These disparities are now surfacing in imperial algorithms and exacerbating biased stereotypes in AI systems. We theorise that Kaupapa Māori theory is the foundation for the action of a Kaupapa Māori Modelling IT Artefact that provides solutions to solve whānau, hapū and iwi problems. We reflected on a critical review of selected literature on historical and contemporary Māori leadership and governance to identify elements of mātauranga and tikanga Māori that could enshrine the IT Artefacts. Investigations then took place to seek ways to transfer these elements of mātauranga and tikanga Māori into framed IT Artefacts during the problem initiation stage of the artefact. This paper presents a kaupapa Māori model for the creation of Māori IT artefacts. Whilst no discrete testing was undertaken, the Kaupapa Māori model provides an avenue to pursue an ontological paradigm using cause and effect theory for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines older people's experiences of intergenerational interaction during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Aotearoa, New Zealand (NZ). This paper presents an analysis of a letter-writing study with older people (mean = 77 years) living in NZ. A total of 760 letters were received from 870 participants. A sub-sample of 412 letters focused on intergenerational interaction were analyzed thematically. This analysis presents a mostly positive picture of intergenerational interaction particularly on the family and neighborhood level. Letters highlighted narratives of mutual concern and positive interactions between generations while also hinting at some underlying age-related tension on a societal level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New Zealand has experienced a sequence of damaging earthquakes in the last decade that has highlighted the need to prioritise improving the country's infrastructure resilience. This paper discusses a major initiative to improve the resilience of lifeline utility services in Wellington (capital of NZ) and its surrounding cities. As part of this project, damage and service outage modelling on nine utilities were conducted; the assessment approach taken is explained here for water and wastewater networks. It will be demonstrated that by making targeted and integrated infrastructure investments before the next major earthquake, damage to the network and service disruptions can be reduced, thereby resulting in lesser economic disruption. A key feature of the project was consideration of infrastructure interdependencies and to ensure any investment was focussed on improving the resilience for the region and not separately for each individual utility. The paper will describe how this benefit can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing impact of external quality assurance is a critical component of the professional practice reflection of external quality assurance agencies. This paper analyses the responses of universities in Aotearoa New Zealand to recommendations made in the most recently completed cycle of academic audits using artefacts (universities' one-year follow-up reports on responses to recommendations) from the quality assurance process. This approach allows for an assessment at system level and qualitative analysis provides further insight into thematic areas where response to recommendations is further advanced. One year after the release of audit reports, impact has been greater in the areas of leadership and management of teaching and learning and research student supervision. An index developed in the paper can support inter-institutional and inter-system comparative analyses of impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large body of academic research documents harmful media coverage of indigenous populations across the globe. New Zealand is no exception. Aotearoa's indigenous people, Māori, share similar damaging experiences, leading one major NZ media company to publish an apology for their historically poor depiction of tangata whenua. This paper adds to that wealth of evidence using the automated methods of machine learning to examine coverage of Māori in NZ print media. Across roughly 800,000 sentences – spanning over two decades of coverage – this research investigates print media discourses involving Māori at a mass scale while demonstrating the applicability of such tools for further research. The results replicate a collection of existing findings at large-N scale, further documenting problematic discussions of violence, political representation, and culture, among several other concerns. The novel approach also hints at complex, obscure relationships embedded within problematic language in Aotearoa's print media, identifying notions of division - both implied and otherwise - along with notable instances of resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report provides an overview of the 16th biennial conference of the Australasian Urban History/Planning History Group, held for the first time in conjunction with the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand, as the latter's 39th annual conference, in Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand, 25–27 November 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competition is a key factor in driving performance improvements across a range of firm activities including reductions in costs, increasing the levels of productivity, promoting entrepreneurial efforts, fostering innovation, driving better management practices, and exercising strategic managerial decisions. The questions of how and why competitive market forces influence management practices are the focus of this paper. Using data on management practices from 152 New Zealand manufacturing firms, and competition data obtained for various industries of the NZ economy, we examine the association between different dimensions of competition and management practices. Notably, we find little or no association between better management practices and competition when utilising simpler measures of competition, namely the number of competitors, industry concentration measured by HHI and the price-cost margin are used. However, using a more refined measure of competition, competition intensity characterised by profit elasticity, has a positive and significant association with the quality of management practices adopted by firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through an examination of New Zealand legislation governing lunacy and the files from the Seacliff Asylum, this article argues how paperwork served to uphold an elusive ideal of a compassionate society. Paper, in the form of letters, reports and forms, was sent up and down the country in order to prevent wrongful confinement and to monitor costs and cure rates. Paper provided for patients allowed them to challenge their incarceration, sometimes successfully. That maze of paperwork, generated for both statutory and institutional administrative ends, mirrored the disorder of those confined within the institution. The curating of digital exhibitions of such materials flattens out their complexity and smooths over what were often disjointed narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasingly complex and demanding research landscape has seen university libraries rapidly evolve their services. While research data management, bibliometrics, and research impact services have predominantly featured in the literature to date, the full scope of support libraries are currently providing to their institutions is unknown. This paper aims to present an up-to-date view of the scope and extent of research support services by university libraries across Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. A coding process analyzed content data from university library websites. Eleven research support areas were identified. Service delivery is split between synchronous and asynchronous modes. This paper describes a lived experience of an evidence-based library and information practice approach to improving research support services at two Australian university libraries, and while it highlights continued maturation of research support services, more research is needed to better understand influences on service development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There have been growing concerns that social distancing and stay-at-home mandates have exacerbated loneliness for older people. Empirical evidence about older people's experiences of loneliness and COVID-19 have quantified this phenomena without considering how older people themselves define and understand loneliness. This paper explores how older New Zealanders conceptualized and experienced loneliness under 'lockdown' stay-at-home measures. This multi-methods qualitative study combines data from letters (n = 870) and interviews (n = 44) collected from 914 people aged over 60 and living in Aotearoa, New Zealand during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a reflexive thematic analysis to conceptualise this data. We identify three interconnected ways in which older people conceptualised and experienced loneliness: (1) feeling disconnected relating to lack of emotional closeness to another often resulting from being physically separated from others and not being able to touch; (2) feeling imprisoned relating to separation from preferred identities and activities and was frequently associated with boredom and frustration; and (3) feeling neglected which often related to feeling let down by generalised and idealised forms of support, such as one's neighbourhood and health care system. Older New Zealanders experienced lockdown loneliness in three interconnected ways rather than as a stable and homogenous experience. Māori, Pacific, Asian and New Zealand European older people often discussed loneliness in different ways; attesting to loneliness being a culturally-mediated concept shaped by expectations around desirable social interaction. We conclude the paper with implications for research and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greywacke rock masses are the most prominent (∼20%) bedrock type across New Zealand. This paper reviews the publicly available laboratory testing data on the geomechanical properties of greywacke from the Wellington region and compares the results with two recent studies. This includes compilations of density, unconfined compressive strengths (UCS), tensile strengths, Poisson's ratio, Young's Modulus, and mi factor. This paper also presents the first published geomechanical data from a cataclasite zone in the greywacke of the Wellington region. The overall results presented in this paper highlight the influence of both weathering and discontinuities on the geomechanical properties derived from the testing of core samples. The results are discussed in the context of sampling bias, scale effects and recent developments in the geomechanical characterisation of discontinuous rock. Two different approaches for characterising the rock mass geomechanical properties of greywacke at the project-scale are presented. The first approach uses the geological strength index (GSI) as the main parameter to capture the change in rock mass character with depth while the UCS remains constant. The second approach uses the UCS as the main parameter to capture the change in rock mass character with depth, while the GSI value remains constant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intermediaries are actors who assist with sustainability transitions. Intermediaries connect, translate, and facilitate flows of information between different groups by positioning themselves between these groups. In this paper we focus on the roles of freshwater intermediaries who have been employed by local authorities and ask how these intermediaries help communities achieve freshwater quality improvements. To answer this question, we present three case studies of freshwater intermediaries working to improve freshwater quality in the Hawke's Bay region of Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Our results suggest that intermediaries can help communities improve freshwater quality if they are given the time and resources to establish long-term relationships with communities, and if they are able to synchronise freshwater intermediary work with regional and national freshwater policy objectives. We conclude by arguing that freshwater intermediary work has been undervalued in NZ land and water management, resulting in local and central government attempting to resolve freshwater quality concerns through increasingly prescriptive and complex policy in regulations. Some specific lessons for use of freshwater intermediaries in New Zealand conclude the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on a study that examined the experiences of four high-achieving Pasifika physiotherapy degree level students to identify factors contributing to their success. As peer students, they identified five approaches that assisted them to become high achievers within the tertiary environment. This paper refers specifically to these approaches as peer-based Pasifika pedagogies (PbPP) and broadly as culturally responsive practices. The aim of this paper is to examine how Pasifika pedagogies, such as PbPP provide culturally responsive practices that can address the 'culture of silence' while promoting the vā relationality, the cultural nuances and norms of their worldview as well as aligning it with modern pedagogies or tools to enhance success among Pasifika students in the New Zealand tertiary education context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the way in which COVID-19 has exacerbated the poor work conditions within community support work in Aotearoa-New Zealand. It examines the invisibility of care work in New Zealand during the COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of Government policy and communication, societal recognition of care work, and the spatially hidden nature of the work. It does so within the of gender norms in the socio-cultural, socio-spatial and socio-legal spheres that render this work and workers invisible. This paper documents the experiences of community support workers and contributes to our theoretical understanding of frontline health workers' experiences of work during a global public health crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a popular adventure sport worldwide, mountain biking provides a range of challenges and opportunities for participants. This paper aims to understand whether experienced riders actively search for 'flow experiences' that can manifest themselves in a range of euphoric feelings, varying from the loss of awareness of time to sub-conscious control over actions. Exploring findings from research undertaken in New Zealand and England, the paper suggests that committed riders do encounter and can describe a range of flow characteristics when riding, although the findings conclude that such experiences are considered to be by-products of participation, rather than motivational factors in their own right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egg donation in New Zealand is identity-release, with donor-conceived individuals having the right to access donors' identifying information at the age of 18. It also allows donors and previously unknown recipients to meet prior to donation. Further, donation is altruistic, although reimbursement of costs is possible. In our previous paper we explored the motivations of 21 egg donors in this context and reported that they are motivated to donate as an act of personal gift-giving to recipients who may become known to them through donation, and that they do not want to be compensated for this financially. In this paper, drawing on in-depth interviews, we report on donors' experiences of the donation process and subsequent to donation. Donors understood their donations to be a significant act, both for the recipients and their families, but also for themselves, particularly given the multiple sacrifices which they willingly made. Donors wished for their gift and their role to be valued and acknowledged through being appreciated, informed, involved and supported by recipients and clinics before, during and after their donations. These findings have implications for clinical practice and care, offering insight into how best to support donors prior and subsequent to donation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to tertiary education is a challenge for many people from refugee-backgrounds. In Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), resettled refugees are entitled to access education alongside other New Zealanders, and NZ's resettlement policy material recognises education as a key pillar of resettlement. However, refugee-background students are not recognised as 'priority learners' in education policy, so educational institutions are not required to report on refugee-background students' educational access or outcomes. At all levels of the education system, teaching and support practices for refugee-background students vary widely. Many barriers hamper refugee-background students' access to and success in tertiary education. However, refugee-background students are also necessarily-skilful border navigators. In this paper, we share data from an in-progress participatory action research project based in southern NZ that involves collaborating with refugee-background students at the secondary-tertiary education border. After describing the project, its rationale, and our theoretical framework, we draw on insights from seven of the students to illustrate how students represented educational navigation in NZ: as a resistance project, a subterranean project, and a relational project. We conclude by suggesting some implications from our study for research, policy and practice in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In New Zealand, camping is a popular accommodation alternative when touring through its islands. The Rugby World Cup (RWC) 2011 is, to date, the largest event ever hosted in the country, and it redefined the way the authorities approach camping. In preparation for the RWC, special legislation was crafted to guarantee the right to practice 'freedom camping' while reducing the annoyance associated with doing so for the hosting communities. Counter to the original objective, these regulations ended up intensifying mobility restrictions. Framed against the theory of exception, this paper uses a spatial narrative to analyse the historical development of camping regulations in the country. The paper reveals the role of the RWC as one of a few catalysts that have refined the operation of a long-standing network of camp-spaces efficiently managing mobility through New Zealand's large and sparsely populated territory, since its colonial origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a critical autoethnography in which I recorded how I, as a Vietnamese student pursuing a doctoral degree in New Zealand with accompanying children, navigated between cultures and learned to raise children to be well adaptive to the New Zealand context and at the same time sustained the bond with the Vietnamese heritage. Based on theories of transnationalism, space and place, I explored my own spatial production and place-making process during my first year of candidature when my family had just entered New Zealand. Going beyond the description of the conventional enculturation and the detailed account of social and academic challenges that are normally found in previous literature on international doctoral students, the paper focuses on the way I myself got used to spatial practices outside Vietnam, the way I grew to become 'a cultural translator' for my parents, the way I made my home a space of cross-cultural exchanges and inter-generational legacy inheritance. In that sense, my motherhood, daughterhood, and studenthood entangled in a complex network of different cultures, lifestyles and social structures. The paper also features a shift in family dynamics and the reconfiguration of power in a Vietnamese family in New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the climate crisis increases in severity, the number of persons who will be displaced both internally and across state borders will rise exponentially. There is currently an alarming lacuna in international law regarding the protection of persons displaced by climate change, the implications of which are becoming increasingly dangerous as numbers inevitably surge. This paper explores potential mechanisms of protection for individuals displaced by climate effects internationally and regionally, analysing the merits and limitations of each avenue. Through a case study regarding the attempted humanitarian visa programme for Pacific Islanders in New Zealand, the paper establishes the need for rights-based mechanisms on both the international and regional levels designed to protect persons impacted by climate displacement through an autonomy-focused, culturally cognisant approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investment in public transport is on the rise as many cities around the world aim to reduce their carbon footprint and improve population health. One such investment is building or extending Light Rail Transit (LRT). Focusing on studies in the USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, this paper reports the results of a systematic review on the associations between LRT and physical activity. This systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Twenty studies were identified through a search of five bibliographic databases (Web of Science, Transport Research International Documentation (TRID), Scopus, Medline, and SPORTDiscus) (n=5,866) and a systematic Google search (n=446). At least two reviewers conducted the search and reviewed the titles and abstract of each identified article to include in the review. Standardized data extraction forms were used to document information from each selected article. The forms included a risk of bias assessment tool. Two reviewers completed the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Our findings show that moderate certainty of evidence exists for the relationship between LRT and walking behaviour. Here, all studies, most of which were natural experiments (n = 6), found a positive association between LRT and walking behaviour, with LRT leading to an increase of 7–40% in walking in most studies (n = 7 out of 8). A positive relationship between LRT and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and between LRT and cycling was also often identified; however, results were inconsistent, and certainty of evidence is low for MPVA, and very low for cycling. Further, some studies (n = 3) identify differences in physical activity participation at different LRT stations, suggesting that station design, surrounding land use, and built environment play important roles in promoting physical activity around LRT. Given this, practitioners can be relatively confident that LRT investments will result in increased walking behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]