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This study explores the impact of minimum wages on employment in the formal and informal sectors, as well as on unemployment in Indonesia. With the ongoing debate on the employment impact of minimum wages, by using aggregate provincial panel data from 2001 to 2015, we found that in general, a minimum wage increase lowers formal sector employment and informal sector employment. An increase in minimum wages is also estimated to lower unemployment, as labor participation declined. When divided by gender, this study shows that female workers in the 15–24 age groups bear the largest loss due to a minimum wage increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bali's recent socio-economic transformation is mainly a result of rapid growth in mass-tourism, which, as a capitalist labour-intensive industry, represents a new regime of labour that reorganises, dislocates, and multiplies wage labour opportunities. 'Localising globalisation' through labour in tourism alters conditions for gaining a living wage; yet, it also produces new contestations of gender, caste and class. This article argues that the labour regime shift has produced a large informal economy that provides new paths for social mobility for low caste Bali-Hindus, whilst at the same time class, gender and caste inequalities interlock in the shaping of different labour trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]