5 results
Search Results
2. 'I like money, I like many things'. The relationship between drugs and crime from the perspective of young people in contact with criminal justice systems.
- Author
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Rolando, Sara, Asmussen Frank, Vibeke, Duke, Karen, Kahlert, Rahel, Pisarska, Agnieszka, Graf, Niels, and Beccaria, Franca
- Subjects
SUBSTANCE abuse ,CROSS-sectional method ,CRIME ,CRIMINALS ,INTERVIEWING ,SOCIAL isolation ,JUVENILE offenders ,CRIMINAL justice system ,DRUG abusers ,ADULTS ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Based on research undertaken as part of the EU funded EPPIC project, this paper aims to update and elaborate on the relationship between drug use and offending behaviours by exploring variations within a cross-national sample of drug-experienced young people in touch with criminal justice systems. Adopting a trajectory-based approach, interviews were undertaken with 198 young people aged 15–25 in six European countries (Austria, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Poland, and UK). Data were analysed by applying the Bennett and Holloway categorization of the drugs-crime link, with a focus on the concept of social exclusion as developed by Seddon. Three main types of mechanisms (economic, pharmaceutical, and lifestyles) are used to interpret the data, showing how the relationship between drugs and offending can vary according to type of substances and over time. Furthermore, it can be associated with very different degrees of social exclusion and needs. The results suggest that while economic inequalities still play key roles in explaining drug use and offending, both behaviours can originate from a state of relative deprivation, resulting from the contradictions inherent in 'bulimic societies' that raise aspirations and desires while providing young people scarce opportunities for self-realisation and social recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Current Practices, Experiences, and Views in Clinical Hypnosis: Findings of an International Survey.
- Author
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Palsson, Olafur S., Kekecs, Zoltan, De Benedittis, Giuseppe, Moss, Donald, Elkins, Gary R., Terhune, Devin B., Varga, Katalin, Shenefelt, Philip D., and Whorwell, Peter J.
- Subjects
PROFESSIONAL practice ,SOCIAL workers ,SOCIAL media ,HYPNOTISM ,PSYCHOLOGISTS ,VIDEOCONFERENCING ,EXPERIENCE ,ATTITUDES toward illness ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,DATA analysis software ,NEWSLETTERS ,PHYSICIANS ,EMAIL - Abstract
An online survey of 691 clinicians who use hypnosis was conducted in 31 countries to gain a broad real-world picture of current practices, views, and experiences in clinical hypnosis. Among 36 common clinical uses, stress reduction, wellbeing and self-esteem-enhancement, surgery preparations, anxiety interventions, mindfulness facilitation, and labor and childbirth applications were the most frequently rated as highly effective (each by ≥70% of raters) in the clinicians' own experience. Adverse hypnosis-associated effects had been encountered by 55% of clinicians but were generally short-lived and very rarely judged as serious. The most common hypnosis approaches used were Ericksonian (71%), hypnotic relaxation therapy (55%), and traditional hypnosis (50%). Almost all respondents reported regularly using other therapeutic modalities alongside hypnosis. Among a range of client variables potentially affecting therapy, most clinicians rated hypnotist-client rapport (88%) and client motivation (75%) as very or extremely important factors for successful hypnotherapy. The majority of respondents had conducted hypnosis treatment via teletherapy, and 54% of those estimated it to be as effective as in-person treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Knowledge and utilization of technology-based interventions for substance use disorders: an exploratory study among health professionals in the European Union.
- Author
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Quaglio, Gianluca, Pirona, Alessandro, Esposito, Giovanni, Karapiperis, Theodoros, Brand, Helmut, Dom, Geert, Bertinato, Luigi, Montanari, Linda, Kiefer, Falk, and Carrà, Giuseppe
- Subjects
SUBSTANCE abuse treatment ,HEALTH services accessibility ,MEDICAL personnel ,PROFESSIONS ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH ,STATISTICAL sampling ,TECHNOLOGY ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Background: Little is known about the knowledge and use of technology-based interventions (TBIs) by health personnel working in the addiction field across Europe. Methods: An online questionnaire was designed using SurveyMonkey
® in order to determine the level of knowledge, use and perceived efficacy of TBIs in substance use disorders (SUDs), among health professionals across six EU Member States: Germany, Italy, UK, France, Poland and the Netherlands. The survey was sent to a convenience sample of 1200 addiction experts. Results: Surveyed participants (311, response rate 26%), had a mean professional addiction experience of 17 years; 23% stated to have good knowledge of TBIs, while 12% use them in their clinical practice. Forty-six percent consider TBIs useful in the treatment of addiction, and 44% foresee a significant increase of them in the future. TBIs were considered important for people facing barriers to accessing treatment (63%) and for providing support outside the formal care settings (60%). Lack of technical support (48%), poor infrastructure and equipment (42%), and lack of digital literacy among health workers (38%) were identified as the main obstacles in the diffusion of TBIs. Conclusions: Knowledge and utilisation of TBIs among health workers in drug addiction field is low. Nevertheless, TBIs are perceived as a possible means of facilitation in providing access to treatment, and as therapeutic tools which will become more important in the future. The need to improve training policies, awareness and attitudes towards TBIs among EU health professionals, working in the field of addiction is paramount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Alcohol screening and alcohol interventions among patients with hypertension in primary health care: an empirical survey of German general practitioners.
- Author
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Kraus, Ludwig, Schulte, Bernd, Manthey, Jakob, and Rehm, Jürgen
- Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of alcoholism ,HYPERTENSION risk factors ,HYPERTENSION ,THERAPEUTICS ,ALCOHOLISM ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CHI-squared test ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ALCOHOL drinking ,FAMILY medicine ,MEDICAL personnel ,MEDICAL screening ,MEDICAL practice ,PHYSICIAN-patient relations ,GENERAL practitioners ,POPULATION geography ,PRIMARY health care ,PROBABILITY theory ,PROFESSIONS ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,RISK assessment ,SURVEYS ,T-test (Statistics) ,CONTINUING medical education ,HEALTH insurance reimbursement ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Background:Alcohol is one of the least intervened risk factors in the management of hypertension at the primary care level. In order to improve alcohol interventions, a better understanding of knowledge, attitudes and clinical practice of lifestyle interventions in the management of hypertension is needed. Method:As a part of a European study (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK), 211 German general practitioners (GPs) were recruited in Bavaria and Hamburg and surveyed via an Internet-based questionnaire. Results were compared with the European sample (n = 2870). Results:One-third of the patients seen by German GPs had hypertension (36.2%, standard deviation (SD): 14.6) and among cases with hypertension, less than half were ever screened for alcohol (4.5 out of 10 patients). The foremost reasons for not screening for alcohol were that alcohol was not considered a major risk factor for hypertension plus the lack of knowledge of appropriate alcohol screening instruments. The majority of German GPs managed patients with hazardous drinking levels themselves or in their practice (71.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 64.6–77.2%), but only 42.0% (95% CI: 35.2–49.0%) managed alcohol dependent patients. German screening rates were slightly lower but interventions of screened positive patients higher than the European average. Conclusions:Rates of alcohol screening in patients with hypertension in primary health care may be increased by improving GPs knowledge of alcohol as a major risk factor for hypertension, increasing GPs education on alcohol and screening instruments, and providing reimbursement. This may increase treatment of alcohol problems in patients with hypertension and reduce hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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