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Copyright of Social & Cultural Geography is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There has been a long-standing yet largely unreported intersection between video-gaming and violent extremism, spanning across jihadist, far-right, and other types of ideologies. Within this framework, until late, scant attention has been paid to the concept of "gamification"; i.e. the application of gaming and game-design principles within non-gaming environments. This paper contributes to this newly emerging area of study by exploring the theoretical underpinnings of gamification and applying these principles to a prominent empirical example: the Christchurch attack in New Zealand in 2019. With a particular focus on the ("setup," "rule," and "progression") "mechanics" of gamification, this article explores two aspects. The first considers how the assailant (intentionally or otherwise) designed and constructed the game; undertaken through an empirical analysis of their manifesto, live-stream video, and original post on the imageboard 8chan (or Infinite Chan). This will be complimented by the second aspect which explores how the game was, in turn, "gamified" through audience reaction to and interaction on the original 8chan post. The article concludes by discussing whether the gamification of the Christchurch attack serves as a framework for future attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores a user-centred methodology for collecting, categorising, visualising, and interpreting data on urban cycling infrastructure and related cycling events. It develops a mobile mixed methods approach combining audio, video, sensor, and geospatial data sources. The method responds to stakeholders' feedback and related concerns about negotiating engineering, landscape and urban design, planning and policy elements in a way that addresses cyclists' needs. It is tested in a pilot study that combines infrastructure monitoring and perception data collection on eight newly built Major Cycle Routes in Christchurch, New Zealand. Data from one Major Cycle Route is used to explore methods of data categorisation, visualisation and interpretation. Based on the results of the pilot study, the paper discusses potential methodological changes or additions. It suggests future research opportunities and potential applications of the proposed methodology to support stakeholders' efforts to advance the planning, design and implementation of urban cycleways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social & Cultural Geography is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aotearoa New Zealand's population is ageing. Increasing life expectancy is accompanied by increases in prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and ageing-related disorders. The multicentre Dementia Prevention Research Clinic longitudinal study aims to improve understanding of AD and dementia in Aotearoa, in order to develop interventions that delay or prevent progression to dementia. Comprising research clinics in Auckland, Christchurch and Dunedin, this multi-disciplinary study involves community participants who undergo biennial investigations informed by international protocols and best practice: clinical, neuropsychological, neuroimaging, lifestyle evaluations, APOE genotyping, blood collection and processing. A key research objective is to identify a 'biomarker signature' that predicts progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD. Candidate biomarkers include: blood proteins and microRNAs, genetic, neuroimaging and neuropsychological markers, health, cultural, lifestyle, sensory and psychosocial factors. We are examining a range of mechanisms underlying the progression of AD pathology (e.g. faulty blood–brain barrier, excess parenchymal iron, vascular dysregulation). This paper will outline key aspects of the Dementia Prevention Research Clinic's research, provide an overview of data collection, and a summary of 266 participants recruited to date. The national outreach of the clinics is a strength; the heart of the Dementia Prevention Research Clinics are its people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of the alt-right in the US since 2008 has been widely documented but its international impacts have received less attention. Located in the context of the 2019 Christchurch massacre of 51 people by an Australian alt-right influenced gunman and based in analysis of two Australian forums, XYZ.net.au and #DingoTwitter, this article investigates the transnational spread of alt-right discourse in the context of the platformisation of extremism. Through historical and content analysis of the sites, the paper shows how key alt-right ideologies of 'white replacement' and 'white genocide', along with anti-Semitic and misogynist ideologies, are adapted to local contexts by alt-right influenced actors. Platform logics, it is argued, provide new possibilities for the mutation and spread of 'translocal whiteness' and for the deployment of alt-right 'metapolitical' strategies that seek to normalise racist discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines restaurant managements' (owners, managers, or the chefs) perceptions, motivations, and constraints in buying local food ingredients from local farmers' market vendors (farmer vendors) in a study conducted in Vancouver, Canada and Christchurch, New Zealand. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with restaurants (31 in Vancouver and 28 in Christchurch). Results revealed that purchasing local food from farmers' market vendors was perceived as beneficial by restaurants, but they experienced challenges with purchasing. This study further presented evidence that restaurants satisfaction with wholesale distributors is an important purchasing factor in local food purchasing decisions while sustainable production products were not the main motivation among restaurants in both the samples. In the light of empirical findings, theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the impact of a series of mass shootings committed in 2018–2019 by right-wing extremists on 8chan/pol, a prominent far-right online forum. Using computational methods, it offers a detailed examination of how attacks trigger shifts in both forum activity and content. We find that while each shooting is discussed by forum participants, their respective impact varies considerably. We highlight, in particular, a 'Tarrant effect': the considerable effect Brenton Tarrant's attack of two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, had on the forum. Considering the rise in far-right terrorism and the growing and diversifying online far-right ecosystem, such interactive offline-online effects warrant the attention of scholars and security professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes as its starting point Aotearoa New Zealand Prime Minster Jacinda Ardern's stated politics of kindess. From her response to the 2019 Christchurch mosque attacks to her communicative approach to Covid 19, this rhetoric has been central to Ardern's government's political identity. Such an emphasis on kindness allows us to consider how the affectivities associated with it are deployed as a basis for the instrumentalization of care, and this article examines the relationship between a politics of kindness and the practices of care. From a performance point of view, I examine the distinctions between policies of kindness as either happily (felicitous) performative a practice of meaningful transformation or unhappily performative in the sense meant by Sara Ahmed when she describes the unhappy performativity of statements of anti-racism that fail to enact what they declare (2004). To work through such distinctions, I consider examples of performances of care in Aotearoa that span protest and performance practice. Through these examples, I ask how policies of care might become truly caring in practice and consider how the domains of government, civil society and artistic practice might inform one another in this endeavour. Aotearoa's orientation towards an often-fraught politics of kindness provides an opportunity to reflect on not just the necessary scrutiny of such political language, but also on the openings it provides to think about the performativity of what Donna Haraway calls kin-making in the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper critically explores possibilities for feminist solidarities and empathic identification in digital atmospheres. It is written in response to disparate experiences of solidarity and appropriation shared via feminist hashtags that trended following the terror attack on Muslim communities in Ōtautahi, Christchurch in March 2019. It considers two cases of hashtag feminism shared by prominent female politicians in the aftermath of the attack: 1) the #TheyAreUs hashtag shared by Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern; and 2) the #TheyAreUsShutdown hashtag shared by Green Party Member Golriz Ghahraman. My research combines a network analysis and Critical Technocultural Discourse Analysis to assess the connective and discursive power of hashtags. Adopting a critical feminist ethic of empathy , I interrogate the influence of female politicians and their role in galvanising solidarity across international and intersectional feminisms to produce politically effective outcomes. I argue that the affecting power of empathy is heightened by the networked affordances of hashtags which have the potential to either fracture or transverse boundaries across feminisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, electric scooters (e-scooters) have grown in popularity in recent years. Introducing new transport modes is complex because existing infrastructures and habits do not easily accommodate them, which can lead to conflict between different types of transport users. In this paper, we explore e-scooter riders' and pedestrians' experiences of sharing space in Christchurch, New Zealand. In-depth interviews were carried out with e-scooter riders and pedestrians in 2019. Thematic analysis of the data highlighted the uneven and unfamiliar socio-spatial encounters between e-scooter riders and pedestrians. We explore the ways that e-scooter riders' and pedestrians' rhythms, in interaction with the sensory, affectual and material, create blurry boundaries. These blurry boundaries are evident in the ways that e-scooter riders blur modal status, sensory experiences and the regulations of different transport spaces. It is important to understand e-scooter riders' and pedestrians' experiences and interpretations of boundaries in order to plan transport spaces that support active and low-carbon modes of transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses the 2010/2011 Christchurch earthquake and re-development efforts as an exemplar to explore how entrepreneurial marketing processes combined with entrepreneurial self-efficacy can be leveraged to help a community reduce its vulnerability to natural disasters and enhance its resilience. Manyena's (Manyena, S. B. (2006). The concept of resilience revisited.Disasters, 30, 433–450; Manyena, S. B. (2012). Disaster and development paradigms: Too close for comfort?Development Policy Review, 30, 327–345) vulnerability–resilience theory is used as the conceptual framework to delineate the prophylactic benefits of building a community's entrepreneurial marketing process capabilities and the notion of entrepreneurial self-efficacy as defensive mechanisms to mitigate the effect of disasters. This work has resulted in an augmented disaster risk equation that considers: (1) the risk that a natural disaster poses on a community (as a function of the vulnerability of the community's tangible assets); (2) the hazard potential of the disaster; and (3) the resilience of its social and economic systems. This paper develops a measure of the symbiotic interrelationship of a community's entrepreneurial marketing process capabilities and community-level entrepreneurial self-efficacy to illustrate how leveraging the entrepreneurial, marketing, social, and engineering educational resources of a community can create a less vulnerable and more resilient community. In doing so, the paper develops a set of research propositions to guide future research and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Temporary uses of vacant urban spaces are usually not foreseen in conventional urban planning and have often been linked to economic or political disturbances. In New Zealand, Christchurch’s vacant spaces came into existence after the city was hit by several devastating earthquakes in 2010 and 2011. Parallel to the ‘official’ rebuild discourse, temporary uses have emerged on vacant post-earthquake sites including community gardens, urban agriculture, art installations, event venues, eateries and cafés, and pocket parks. Based on the review and analysis of exemplary transitional community-initiated open spaces and correlated literature, the paper looks at how the post-disaster urban context in Christchurch has influenced particular aspects of temporary urbanism in comparison with case studies in non-disaster environments. By focusing on the anticipated benefits of community-initiated open spaces, the paper discusses the relevance of temporary uses of vacant urban spaces for urban sustainability in relationship to concepts of community resilience and raises questions about possible long-term values. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The aim of this paper is to outline the impact Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 has had on health research in New Zealand. We used data from the University of Otago, Christchurch, a research intensive satellite campus of the University of Otago with a large number of research only grant funded staff to highlight challenges and opportunities. All non-COVID-19 related laboratory and clinical research was suspended under New Zealand COVID-19 alert level 4 and the majority under level 3. To date, researchers predict that 95% of research projects have been affected. During the periods of lockdown research salaries continued to be paid from grants resulting in a 'salary gap' to support research staff (both academic and technical). Most funders have indicated there will be no additional funding to support researchers affected by the delays. Early and mid-career researchers have been particularly affected and are currently unable to travel for post-doctoral training and networking. A more robust career structure with adequate funding, particularly for early and mid-career researchers is required to ensure that New Zealand has a stable research work force to address the next health crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2013 Becca Wood, Spatial Performance Practitioner, and Molly Mullen, Applied Theatre Practitioner, collaborated to create a short ambulatory performance with audio score for a group of drama educators attending a conference workshop on the possibilities of walking as performance. The performance was created remotely from the intended site: Rangi Ruru Girls’ School, in Christchurch, New Zealand. Following the destruction of the 2012 earthquake, this site was in a state of transformation and recovery. The performance walk attended to the histories, geographies and politics of this place, somatically, architecturally and socially. This paper engages with three critical questions: How might mediated listening and walking activate the coming together of bodies and place? What performative shifts occurred for the participants in the walk and workshop? How might we come to our senses? Through a performative practice of mediated site-based listening and walking, this paper is a reflection on the creative process and performance. We consider the potential for technologically mediated performance to offer new modes for learning and creative practice through interdisciplinary and evolving intermedial practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How might the urban structure and public space of Christchurch change as a result of the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes? This paper will look at council and community led post-earthquake urban space projects in Christchurch, New Zealand, to investigate the potential reconfiguration of urban public space and structure and the balance of top-down and bottom-up design processes for the delivery of these projects. This will be achieved by comparing the performance of the urban public space and structure of the city during the post-earthquake emergency and recovery phases, with a view to understanding the contribution that these elements can make to the resilience of Christchurch. The paper will argue that Christchurch’s nineteenth century urban structure served the population well during the emergency phases of the disaster and that post-earthquake community-led initiatives model innovative capabilities which may enhance urban design practice in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Ascidians are marine filter-feeder chordates. Botrylloides ascidians possess diverse biological properties such as whole-body regeneration (WBR), hibernation/aestivation, blastogenesis, metamorphosis, and natural chimerism. However, the absence of distinctive morphological features often makes identification difficult. Botrylloides diegensis is an ascidian that has been misidentified in previous studies and is recorded in GenBank as Botrylloides leachii owing to the high morphological similarity between the sister species. More available sequences and strategies for identification would help resolve some of the confusion surrounding its ambiguous nature. We collected several Botrylloides samples from seven locations in Aotearoa New Zealand (Dunedin, Christchurch, Picton, Nelson, Whangateau, New Plymouth, and Invercargill) and barcoded the species based on Cytochrome Oxidase I, Histone 3, 18S, and 28S ribosomal RNA markers. Network and Bayesian trees confirmed the presence of three Botrylloides species: B. diegensis, Botrylloides jacksonianum, and Botrylloides affinis anceps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates whether tourism expenditure and exchange rates influence local GDP for the city of Christchurch (New Zealand), following the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes. Domestic and international expenditures are analysed separately using vector auto-regression (VAR) models. We perform Granger causality tests to determine the directionality of the relationships uncovered. Our results show that increased domestic and international visitor spending is followed by a measurable and significant increase in local GDP. Exchange rates have a small but non-significant impact on international tourist spending. Stimulating tourism demand will be an essential element to achieve substantial economic growth in Christchurch. The findings have implications for policy making in terms of promoting economic growth in disaster prone areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research into the concept of resilience has shown that it helps key players in urban development to assess and set priorities for resistance and recovery for disaster risk management. However, a competing issue within post-disaster recovery is managing the trade-offs between quickly restoring infrastructure services versus taking time to consider and consult on alternative options. Through an examination of the post-earthquake reconstruction in Christchurch, New Zealand, this paper considers infrastructure resilience by using a hierarchy of measures. This hierarchy shows how infrastructure resilience needs to be considered as a series of interventions in response to different levels of damage. It elucidates the varying nature of resilience measures, the decision-making processes required to implement them and constraints, chiefly in funding, that prevent wider application of such measures. This is an important consideration for defining and acting upon the opportunity for change created by a disaster. Furthermore, a broader examination of resilience in disaster risk management highlights that clarification is needed over what constitutes an appropriate response for community involvement in post-disaster infrastructure reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

How can a collapsing world be shown to be a chance for change? The catastrophe of the earthquakes that began on September 4th2010 continues to shake Christchurch, New Zealand, to its very foundations. Much of the city was reduced to rubble – first by nature and then by governmental and corporate machinery. The ruptures caused by the earthquakes and what came after have created openings and a sense of urgency for creative experimentation and challenges to the status quo.Canterbury Tales(October 2013) was produced by Free Theatre for the Festival of Transitional Architecture and involved: artists and academics from Christchurch, Auckland and Sydney; Christchurch Symphony Orchestra; performers from Ngai Tahu and Pacific Underground; local businesses and the general public. As a carnivalesque celebration of community in the face of natural, and man-made, disaster,Canterbury Talesfeatured a procession of giant puppets and masked performers that led participants in a performative exploration of the destroyed city centre. Peter Falkenberg, artistic director of the overall production, and Thea Brejzek, who led the design project, ‘Eye of the Storm’, consider how performance in an earthquake zone can spatialize the transgressive potential of social, cultural and political ruptures. This paper reflects on the dialectical negotiation underlying the project: following Bakhtin, as a natural, cyclical, temporal interruption, while also facing a catastrophe that helps us create the ‘real state of emergency’ Benjamin demands for our time. In Benjamin's words: ‘The tradition of the oppressed teaches us that the “state of emergency” in which we live is not the exception but the rule’. We may be at a time in Christchurch, as everywhere, when we must confront a catastrophe that, being of our own making, is even more virulent than an earthquake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past earthquakes such as the Christchurch and Kaikoura events have highlighted the difficulties in residual capacity assessment and repair of plastic hinge damage in conventional reinforced concrete bridges. Also, with growing population densities in urban centres around the world, there is substantial interest in increasing earthquake resilience and minimising the disruption caused by new bridge construction. Two areas of research that address these aspects are low damage design and accelerated bridge construction. The aims of low damage design are to significantly reduce seismically induced damage to structural members, minimise residual drifts and limit damage to specifically designed components. At the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, within the bridge engineering space over the past decade or so, particular focus has been placed on these areas of research and their combination. This paper presents an overview of the extensive experimental work undertaken at the University of Canterbury on these topics for bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The repair and seismic strengthening of a mid-1990s building structure in Christchurch, New Zealand, using fluid viscous dampers and buckling-restrained braces provides a case-study for mixed-system retrofit to improve the seismic performance of ductile reinforced concrete moment frames. The building was designed and detailed to essentially current standards but was very flexible and utilised a precast hollow-core floor system with thin topping slab which is vulnerable to deformations associated with moment frames, as demonstrated in recent New Zealand earthquakes. This paper highlights a simple displacement-based approach to setting retrofit design targets and performance verification. The retrofit using viscous dampers provided an efficient means to reduce ground motion-induced deformations and accelerations. The structural benefits to the rest of the project included no need for foundation strengthening and floor diaphragm strengthening being limited to only the perimeter hollow-core units. Development of the final design and viscous damper specification involved close coordination with the manufacturer to optimise the damper design, fabrication tolerances and site installation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The terrorist attacks in Christchurch in March 2019 and El Paso five months later emphasised the renewed relevance of ecofascism to the extreme right. This study advances an integrated definition of ecofascism with respect to the historical and contemporary extreme right. It found ecofascism to be a reactionary and revolutionary ideology that champions the regeneration of an imagined community through a return to a romanticised, ethnopluralist vision of the natural order. Ecofascists believe that their chosen community has weakened because the connection to nature has been disrupted by the forces of modernity, spanning industrialisation, urbanisation, multiculturalism, materialism, and individualism. Ecofascists therefore seek the complete rebirth of their imagined community through a return to nature, which they believe will restore the people to a state of authenticity and dominance. Because the community is based on racial constructs, the ecofascist vision of ecological harmony manifests as racial segregation based on place. This provides a platform for ecofascists to justify expelling or destroying people they deem unnatural or disruptive to the ecosystem. In settler societies, ecofascism provides the premise by which immigrants can reject and expel other immigrants, while simultaneously claiming an authentic connection with nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the impact of the March 15, 2019 far-right terrorist attack against Muslims in Christchurch, New Zealand on public opinion toward Muslims. It also examines whether the impact of the attack varies for individuals across the political spectrum. We make use of data from the 2019 New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study (N = 47,951) to compare the attitudes of New Zealanders before and after the attack. Using a range of statistical techniques, including regression discontinuity analysis, we find robust evidence that the attack led to an immediate increase in warmth toward Muslims. We also show that this increase was driven by both left-wing/liberal and right-wing/conservative individuals in the immediate days after the attack. Soon after the attack, however, attitudes toward Muslims among the politically conservative population tended to revert to pre-attack levels. By contrast, political liberals maintained their heightened level of positive attitudes for a longer period. We discuss the possible theoretical reasons for these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecosystem service (ES) assessment tools do not yet consider some of the most common urban pollutants and this study contributes to filling this gap. The methodology employed in the Modelled Estimates of Discharges for Urban Stormwater Assessments (MEDUSA) was implemented within the Land Utilisation and Capability Indicator (LUCI) to allow urban pollutant issues to be considered within a broader ES assessment context. Two land use change scenarios for the Ōtākaro/Avon River in Christchurch, New Zealand, were assessed for 2011–2020 and 2041–2050. Implementation of a limited set of blue-green infrastructure for 2011–2020 resulted in a reduction of TSS by 5–12%, of Zn by 2–5%, and of Cu by 4–7%. The simulated pollutant load values for future climate change scenarios clearly reflected the uncertainty in climate change predictions. The expanded LUCI can be employed for strategic planning of the implementation of treatment methods and types to protect waterways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many estuaries are squeezed between sea-level rise, coastal hardening and adverse cumulative effects from unsustainable catchment activities. In Aotearoa New Zealand, there is little planning to provide future accommodation space for estuaries. A complex knot of policies and plans, and accompanying poor implementation also affect ecological sustainability. We examine these issues for Brooklands Lagoon/Te Riu o Te Aika Kawa, a tidal lagoon northeast of Christchurch/Ōtautahi. It is within the takiwā of Ngāi Tahu iwi and Ngāi Tūāhuriri hapū, and the jurisdictions of Christchurch City Council and Environment Canterbury. The estuary is influenced by three rivers, and surrounding land use is managed under three different statutory resource management plans, along with several non-regulatory strategies and organisational management plans. However, these plans are poorly integrated and estuarine ecological health is compromised. The incoming tide of resource management and local government reform will add complexity, but also an opportunity to accommodate and enhance the estuary as a blue carbon sink, and to restore cultural and ecological values. This requires specific recognition of estuaries in the proposed managed retreat and spatial planning laws, and within the replacement resource management statute. Legal recognition of Indigenous customary rights could also produce novel governance models to improve management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glazing damage reported following recent New Zealand earthquakes, i.e. the 2011 (Mw 6.2) Christchurch and 2016 (Mw 7.8) Kaikōura earthquakes, exceeded what would be expected from glazing designed or tested to council's compliance pathways, which indicates improvements are required to the existing pathways. Two series of proof-of-concept tests were conducted to induce simulated seismic actions on glazing specimens to better understand the failure mechanisms of gasket dislodgement, cracks in the glazing, and dislodgement of the glass to improve existing compliance tests and engineering design. The Series 1 tests consisted of 6 mm annealed window glass clamped in a steel frame with the load applied to the glazing with hydraulic jacks positioned in three distinct positions. The Series 2 tests consisted of a reverse cyclic loading on a commercial window located near the bottom of a direct-fixed rainscreen specimen. The test results were used to formulate a method that could predict the likelihood of seismic damage to glazing systems, improve compliance pathways, and is useful as a forensic predictive tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Eco-fascism" has recently regained prominence following two of the most lethal extreme right terrorist attacks: the murderous assault on two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, which killed fifty-one, and the massacre at a Walmart in El Paso, Texas, which killed twenty-two. Both of these attacks were justified by their perpetrators, at least in part, in environmental terms. Brenton Tarrant, the Christchurch terrorist, went so far as to proclaim himself an "eco-fascist." Whilst "radical right" populism is often associated with climate denial, "extreme right" environmentalism, with its roots in the "blood and soil" thinking of Nazism, is concerned with protecting the spiritual link that supposedly exists between man and nature. Having established the historical lineage of such ideas, the article explores how contemporary extreme right groups have reacted to population growth, migration, and climate change. It explores the emergence of a particular form of "dark green" environmentalism that builds upon the "blood and soil" ideas of Nazism, synthesizing them with an anti-human ecology derived from several sources including Greco-French Hitler-worshipper Savitri Devi; the "Unabomber" Ted Kaczynski; and the Finnish environmentalist and misanthrope Pentti Linkola. The misanthropic ideas of these three ideologues and their extreme "solutions" to environmental degradation and overpopulation represent an increasingly prevalent ideological tendency within extreme right subcultures online. The violent panaceas they advocate and envisage as being necessary to defend the natural environment will undoubtedly gain greater prominence as climate change-driven migration northwards to Europe intensifies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the long tradition of fieldwork and qualitative research practice in tourism studies, the reporting of methodological notes and reflections is limited in the literature. Many excellent methodological remarks in research reports and graduate theses find few outlets in academic journals and those few contributions that are eventually published often emphasize the novelty of the method rather than crucial aspects such as positionality and embeddedness. This is further evident in urban studies with regard to post-disaster recovery research. This article seeks to fill the current gap in the field by providing a reflective methodological account on fieldwork and elite interviews in post-earthquake Christchurch, New Zealand. It does so by implementing a framework addressing key points in the elite interview process, with emphasis on access to fieldwork sites, power relations, positionality, rapport and ethical issues. The manuscript presents aspects of fieldwork, spatiality and power relations that tend to be overlooked in the literature. Albeit being context-specific, it is argued that the evidence from this study can also have relevance to the understanding of fieldwork in other post-disaster and tourism contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The March 2019 assault on two mosques during Friday prayers in Christchurch, New Zealand, shocked a nation unaccustomed to the terrorist violence suffered elsewhere in recent years. The immediate reaction from political leaders and wider society was to stand in close solidarity with the targeted Muslim community, and a broad recovery process soon emerged which provided substantial ongoing support to anyone impacted by the incident. The authors spent two weeks in New Zealand in mid-2019 with the aim of understanding the apparent societal resilience displayed following the attack, and the ways in which the response was coordinated across different levels of government and civil society. It became clear that effective working relationships among national/municipal authorities and community members/associations established well before the tragedy facilitated communications, cooperation, and the appropriate targeting of support. High levels of institutional trust and authentic leadership enabled an organic, personable recovery process, and represents a pertinent example of societal resilience following an act of terrorism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In March 2019, the first ever act of terrorist violence in New Zealand was live-streamed on social media, making many social media users unwitting witnesses to the massacre on their devices. The Christchurch mosque attacks revealed a particular digital and emotional vulnerability embedded in the digital media infrastructure. The last words of the first victim soon transmorphed into #hellobrother that, as a digital artefact, participated in shaping the emotional landscape. Combining real-time digital media ethnography on Twitter with data science and computational tools, this multi-method study has two aims: first and foremost, to develop and apply new methodology for the study of unexpected, mediated events as they unfold in real time; second, to explore post-death digital artefacts through the concept of digital afterlife that we approach through two complementary perspectives, data afterlife (the technological) and data as afterlife (the emotional). Adopting a relational perspective, we further develop the concept, and highlight the constitutive role of data in the emotional dimension of digital afterlife arising from its capacity to enter affective arrangements. The methodological contributions include development of a conceptual and technological framework for conducting data science as ethnography and the introduction of Tweetboard, a novel artefact for investigating digital afterlife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In March 2019, a mass shooting at two Christchurch mosques, livestreamed to Facebook, resulted in the deaths of 51 people. Psychologically, this served as a focusing event with high threat salience, shocking a country unused to gun violence despite its comparatively lax firearm legislation. The unprecedented reluctance by the New Zealand media to feature the shooter as a protagonist or even publish his name, concentrating instead on victims and societal issues, helped promote a sense of collective responsibility for change. This was strongly modeled by political leaders. Within weeks, new gun control laws were introduced with bipartisan support. We present this as a national case study, considering psychological and societal enablers for legislative reform in response to extreme gun violence. The shooting also raised the intractable problem of the internet allowing terrorists to promulgate violent content and extremist ideology with regulation in this area harder to achieve than gun control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new guidelines for the seismic assessment of existing buildings recently introduced by the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering (NZSEE) recommend the Simple Lateral Mechanism Analysis (SLaMA) as an "analytical" first phase of any other numerically-based analysis. This article illustrates the development of the SLaMA method and its validation with reference to an existing RC building severely damaged during the Christchurch earthquake (2011). The capacity of the lateral resisting systems is assessed from component/subassembly to system level. The comparison of the results with observed damage and with the outcomes of refined numerical analyses confirms the effectiveness of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 15 March 2019, Brenton Tarrant destroyed New Zealand's perception of its low threat terrorist risk. Security sector practitioners interviewed for this study before 15 March spoke about the challenges of performing counter terrorism roles in that low threat environment. Their perceptions revealed a fear that terrorist attacks occurring overseas, would sooner or later occur in New Zealand. Their roles were complicated by an overarching sense of social, bureaucratic and political complacency toward the threat of terrorism. They perceived legislative inertia, which fettered the powers and resources agencies had to effectively act against the risks they believed were present. Despite these barriers, security sector agencies continued to look for possible emerging threats across a spectrum of risk, but relied on improvised use of existing legislation to manage it. This was more effective against those motivated by militant jihadism, and as Tarrant demonstrated, less so against other threats. Community engagement was needed and successfully achieved, although difficulties were observed which need to be addressed, and the media was perceived as having an undue influence over New Zealand's security priorities, highlighting the need for a national counter terrorism strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ven though natural disasters are becoming increasingly prevalent, research investigating and offering practical advice to teachers around caring for children during and after an earthquake event is limited. This article aims to provide unique insight from early childhood teachers into a real-life experience of caring for children at their early childhood center during and after the earthquake in Christchurch New Zealand in February 2011. Details of the setting on the day of the earthquake prior to the event are discussed, followed by what happened during the earthquake, the situation immediately following the earthquake when parents arrived to collect their children, and the subsequent days and weeks following the earthquake. The article concludes with advice and guidance from the teachers around tips and strategies for supporting children's social and emotional wellbeing in such a situation for fellow teachers who may find themselves in similar circumstances in the future. Through providing this discussion, future early childhood teachers can be guided, not by hypothetical best practice, but by real-life events from early childhood teachers who have first-hand experience of supporting children prior to, during and after an earthquake event. This therefore provides essential opportunities for learning from practice and preparing for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical education provides a locus to apply the principles of social justice to advocate for indigenous health inequities. Within the education field, social accountability measures have been used to increase equity. This study uses a social accountability lens to explore the perspectives and experiences of academic and clinical leaders, students, and patients engaged with the Hauora Māori curriculum at the University of Otago Christchurch. Using Kaupapa Māori research as a theoretical framework, and drawing on qualitative analysis, three themes were identified; horopaki/contexts, mihini/mechanisms and tukunga iho/outcomes. These three themes described the activities, enablers and mechanisms that identified the Hauora Māori curriculum as a method for achieving social accountability among Māori communities, medical education, and health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case study is presented of a violent incident that arose between two men riding a mountain biking track in New Zealand. This gained both local and international attention after one of the riders posted his video of the incident on a social media site where it went ‘viral’. The video helped identify the other rider, who was taken to trial and convicted of assault. The fairness and means of the conviction is not at issue here, rather, the interest is in the video as a rare record of the joint production, in real time, of an ordinary trouble that takes an unexpected turn. The two riders catch up with each other, travelling downhill at a decent speed on a narrow track. Their riding requires significant concentration, nevertheless, while biking they are able to communicate, verbally and visually. This communication shows disagreement about the format of their riding-together, with the camera-clad rider wanting to pass the older rider in front, and proceed at a faster pace. Except for an intriguing and brief interlude, however, the older rider will not let the other pass. Consequently, the camera-clad rider grows increasingly frustrated, but the problem is he is oblivious to the way his own tailgating affects the rider in front. It is the tailgating, along with some ‘lecturing’, that annoys the older rider. At the end of the ride both stop, complaints and accusations are made, then a brawl breaks out. Adapting Katz’s (1999) work on emotions, we see both riders doing being ‘pissed off’, but with one shifting to ‘being done’ by his anger, escalating into violence. Screensnaps and transcriptions from the video are used to analyse the fine detail of a 5-minute mountain bike gone wrong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]