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Agricultural injuries remain a major concern in North America, with a fatal injury rate of 19.5 deaths per 100,000 workers in the United States. Numerous research efforts have sought to compile and analyze records of agricultural-related injuries and fatalities at a national level, utilizing resources, ranging from newspaper clippings and hospital records to Emergency Medical System (EMS) data, death certifications, surveys, and other multiple sources. Despite these extensive efforts, a comprehensive understanding of injury trends over extended time periods and across diverse types of data sources remains elusive, primarily due to the duration of data collection and the focus on specific subsets. This systematic review, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, consolidates and analyzes agricultural injury surveillance data from 48 eligible papers published between 1985 and 2022 to offer a holistic understanding of trends and challenges. These papers, reporting an average of 25,000 injuries each, were analyzed by database source type, injury severity, nature of injury, body part, source of injury, event/exposure, and age. One key finding is that the top source of injury or event/exposure depends on the chosen surveillance system and injury severity, underscoring the need of diverse data sources for a nuanced understanding of agricultural injuries. This study provides policymakers, researchers, and practitioners with crucial insights to bolster the development and analysis of surveillance systems in agricultural safety. The overarching aim is to address the pressing issue of agricultural injuries, contributing to a safer work environment and ultimately enhancing the overall well-being of individuals engaged in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transgender individuals are known to be at a higher risk for certain chronic conditions compared to cisgender individuals. Similarly, research also shows justice-involved individuals have a higher risk of chronic conditions compared to non-justice-involved individuals.Aim: This study aims to investigate the differences in chronic disease diagnoses between transgender and cisgender individuals who either utilized healthcare services provided by a US county health system or who were incarcerated in the same county’s jail. Method: We leveraged electronic health record data from a United States county health system, including data from the local jail, to evaluate the difference in diagnosis of certain chronic conditions among transgender and cisgender individuals. We also compared individuals who experienced incarceration and those who did not. Results: We found transgender individuals experiencing recent incarceration were more likely to be diagnosed with substance use disorder, HIV/AIDS, and Hepatitis C than cisgender individuals. Transgender individuals not experiencing recent incarceration were more likely to be diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, seizure disorder, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder than cisgender individuals. Conclusion: These results highlight how transgender individuals may be disproportionately impacted by certain diseases within and outside carceral settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This survey study employed a framework of self-presentation motives in physical exercise to advance the understanding of exercise monitoring apps users' sharing behaviours on social networking sites (SNS). 551 participants were recruited using Qualtrics national research panel. A model of moderated mediation was proposed and analysed. The results suggested that both agentic and communal self-presentation motives significantly predicted fitness sharing on SNS and fitness app use. Perceived self-presentation outcome value for agentic purposes significantly enhances the agentic motive in predicting sharing on SNS. Fitness sharing on SNS mediated the significant effect of both agentic and communal presentational motives on fitness app use. A number of theoretical and design implications to extend the understanding of fitness social sharing to health technology applications were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the aging adult population is rising fast and presenting multiple challenges for the US healthcare system. Older adults present unique challenges in their care of medical and psychiatric conditions. This study retrospectively examined characteristics that are associated with length of stay on an inpatient geriatric psychiatric unit in an urban located psychiatric hospital. A sample of 74 individuals was examined. Factors that influenced length of stay included commitment status and discharge to a different level of care. Reducing the length of stay for geriatric patients can help reduce costs and improve health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A regular care provider is an important measure of access to health services, but little is known about the association between having a regular provider and patients' access to services associated with electronic health records (EHR). Furthermore, the composition of the additional electronic services made available to patients is not well studied. Methods: We analyzed the most recent data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS5-Cycle1, 2017, n = 3,285). We estimated a weighted multivariable logistic regression model to assess the association between having a regular provider (65.3%) and access to EHR (29%). Control variables were selected based on Andersen's Behavioral Model. Results: In the adjusted model, participants with a regular provider had significantly greater access to an EHR (aOR 2.91, p <.001) compared to participants without a regular provider. Participants were more likely to have access to an EHR if they were females (aOR 1.56, p <.01), had a tablet computer (aOR 1.55, p <.05), smartphone (aOR 2.27, p <.01), a former smoker (aOR 1.67, p <.05) or had two or more chronic medical conditions (aOR 1.79, p <.01). Discussion: Individuals who have a regular provider are roughly three times as likely to have access to services linked to an EHR. Access to an EHR enhances both potential and realized access to many healthcare services. Conclusion: The availability of a regular care provider impacts the "digital divide." The expansion of electronic health services intensifies the importance of a regular care provider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) should receive pneumococcal vaccinations as part of their routine health maintenance. Our goal was to create a “virtual clinic” to help increase rates of pneumococcal vaccination among people living with HIV without adding substantially to the workload of primary providers. We used administrative data from our Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center to identify a cohort of veterans living with HIV who were not current with either the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) or both. We enrolled these individuals (n = 99) into a virtual clinic, notified providers via the electronic medical record and mailed letters to the veterans recommending they receive a pneumococcal vaccine. We also wrote orders for the appropriate pneumococcal vaccine that expired after 90 days. Among the virtual clinic cohort, 38% (38/99) of patients received the recommended vaccine within 180 days. Concurrent with our intervention, the Veterans Health Administration deployed a system-wide pneumococcal vaccine clinical reminder that incorporated recent PCV13 recommendations. To discern any effect of the virtual clinic beyond that of the clinical reminder, we compared the rate of PCV13 vaccinations among all HIV-positive veterans at our institution to the equivalent population from 2 other VA medical centers in Ohio. With consideration of the VHA’s system-wide clinical reminder, the proportion of HIV-positive patients who received PCV13 in the first 90 days following the virtual clinic intervention was greater at our facility compared to another Ohio VA medical center (P < 0.05). The virtual clinic improved the pneumococcal vaccine coverage among HIV-positive veterans. These outcomes suggest that even in conjunction with a system-wide clinical reminder, the virtual clinic strategy improves vaccination rates among a high-risk population. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A key provision of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 mandated that electronic health records (EHR) be adopted in US healthcare organizations by 2015. The purpose of this study is to examine the communicative processes involved as healthcare workers implement an EHR and make changes, known as workarounds. Guided by theories in social influence, and diffusion of innovations, we conducted a survey of healthcare professionals using an EHR system in an organization. Our structural equation modeling (SEM) and multiple regression results reveal coworker communication, in the form of informal social support and feedback, play an important role in whether people engage in workarounds. Understanding this relationship is important because our study also demonstrates that workarounds predict healthcare employees’ overall satisfaction with the EHR system. Specifically, workarounds are associated with higher perceptions of the EHR’s relative advantage, higher perceptions of EHR implementation success, and lower levels of resistance to EHR change. This study offers a health communication contribution to the growing research on EHR systems and demonstrates the persuasive effects that coworkers have on new technology use in healthcare organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Early HIV detection and treatment decreases morbidity and mortality and reduces high-risk behaviors. Many Emergency Departments (EDs) have HIV screening programs as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recent federal legislation includes incentives for electronic health record (EHR) adoption. Our objective was to analyze the impact of conversion to EHR on a mature ED-based HIV screening program. A retrospective pre- and post-EHR implementation cohort study was conducted in a large urban, academic ED. Medical records were reviewed for HIV screening rates from August 2008 through October 2013. On 1 November 2010, a comprehensive EHR system was implemented throughout the hospital. Before EHR implementation, labs were requested by providers by paper orders with HIV-1/2 automatically pre-selected on every form. This universal ordering protocol was not duplicated in the new EHR; rather it required a provider to manually enter the order. Using a chi-squared test, we compared HIV testing in the 6 months before and after EHR implementation; 55,054 patients presented before, and 50,576 after EHR implementation. Age, sex, race, acuity of presenting condition, and HIV seropositivity rates were similar pre- and post-EHR, and there were no major patient or provider changes during this period. Average HIV testing rate was 37.7% of all ED patients pre-, and 22.3% post-EHR, a 41% decline (p < 0.0001), leading to 167 missed new diagnoses after EHR. The rate of HIV screening in the ED decreased after EHR implementation, and could have been improved with more thoughtful inclusion of existing human processes in its design. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: This description of the College Health Surveillance Network (CHSN) includes methodology, demography, epidemiology, and health care utilization. Participants: Twenty-three universities representing approximately 730,000 enrolled students contributed data from January 1, 2011, through May 31, 2014. Methods: Participating schools uploaded de-identified electronic health records from student health services monthly. Results: During this study, just over 800,000 individuals used the health centers, comprising 4.17 million patient encounters. Sixty percent of visits included primary care, 13% mental health, 9% vaccination, and 31% other miscellaneous services. The 5 most common specific diagnostic categories (with annual rates per 100 enrolled students) were preventive (16); respiratory (12); skin, hair, and nails; infectious non–sexually transmitted infection (5 each); and mental health (4). Utilization and epidemiologic trends are identified among subpopulations of students. Conclusions: CHSN data establish trends in utilization and epidemiologic patterns by college students and the importance of primary and behavioral health care services on campuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]