Search

A core assumption in the current neurosemantic research is that meanings of concrete words (object nouns, action verbs) are at least partially grounded in modality-specific representations implemented by perceptual and motor cortices. Nevertheless, increasing evidence from the multisensory research suggests that extensive portions of what are traditionally considered modality-specific cortices are in fact supramodal in nature – that is, they can process specific information in multiple sensory modalities and in both normal and sensory-deprived individuals. My central argument in this paper is that the amount of data collected within the supramodal paradigm, although certainly not conclusive, is already robust enough to foster reflections about the role of modality-specificity in the semantic brain and to prompt considerations about the possibility of promoting a property-specific and modality-invariant turn in neurosemantics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liberalisation of cannabis laws, the increasing availability and potency of cannabis has renewed concern about the risk of psychosis with cannabis. The objective of the WFSBP task force was to review the literature about this relationship. Converging lines of evidence suggest that exposure to cannabis increases the risk for psychoses ranging from transient psychotic states to chronic recurrent psychosis. The greater the dose, and the earlier the age of exposure, the greater the risk. For some psychosis outcomes, the evidence supports some of the criteria of causality. However, alternate explanations including reverse causality and confounders cannot be conclusively excluded. Furthermore, cannabis is neither necessary nor sufficient to cause psychosis. More likely it is one of the multiple causal components. In those with established psychosis, cannabis has a negative impact on the course and expression of the illness. Emerging evidence also suggests alterations in the endocannabinoid system in psychotic disorders. Given that exposure to cannabis and cannabinoids is modifiable, delaying or eliminating exposure to cannabis or cannabinoids, could potentially impact the rates of psychosis related to cannabis, especially in those who are at high risk for developing the disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discussion notes the extreme sensitivity of the technique with a despairing deprived girl with a deep dread of the future and of adulthood. Where defenses are identified, caring alternatives are always on offer, and gradually the patient's hope, curiosity, and sense of agency are freed up and fired up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional neuropsychological batteries may account for disparities in education and may produce testing anxiety, particularly for older Black adults. Computerized batteries may be more amenable to use. The current study used mixed-methods content analysis to explore the perceptions of middle-aged and older Black adults (N = 92) about the CogState Brief Battery (CSBB) and Joggle® computerized battery and a traditional paper-and-pencil neuropsychological battery. The data was analyzed using Atlas.ti. Themes were developed and qualitative responses were converted to quantitative counts to make comparisons to thematic differences based on demographics. Results: The majority of participants liked all three batteries. There were no differences based on demographics. Two prevalent themes across all three measures for what participants liked were 1) mental stimulation and memory, and 2) challenging. A disliked theme specific to the computerized batteries was personal competence. In summary, an array of accessible cognitive batteries is necessary to address individual preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Schizophrenia is a group of severe psychiatric disorders with high heritability but only low odds ratios of risk genes. Despite progress in the identification of pathophysiological processes, valid biomarkers of the disease are still lacking. Methods: This comprehensive review summarises recent efforts to identify genetic underpinnings, clinical and cognitive endophenotypes and symptom dimensions of schizophrenia and presents findings from neuroimaging studies with structural, functional and spectroscopy magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. The potential of findings to be biomarkers of schizophrenia is discussed. Results: Recent findings have not resulted in clear biomarkers for schizophrenia. However, we identified several biomarkers that are potential candidates for future research. Among them, copy number variations and links between genetic polymorphisms derived from genome-wide analysis studies, clinical or cognitive phenotypes, multimodal neuroimaging findings including positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and the application of multivariate pattern analyses are promising. Conclusions: Future studies should address the effects of treatment and stage of the disease more precisely and apply combinations of biomarker candidates. Although biomarkers for schizophrenia await validation, knowledge on candidate genomic and neuroimaging biomarkers is growing rapidly and research on this topic has the potential to identify psychiatric endophenotypes and in the future increase insight on individual treatment response in schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to determine the decision-making route relating to hedonic and environmental motivation in green innovation adoption and to show how two similar green innovations can motivate consumers differently. It also aims to determine the effect of domain-specific innovativeness (DSI) on emotions and green identity on environmental motivations. The paper focuses on two types of green transport innovations: shared e-bikes and e-scooters. Four models were tested using structural equation modelling based on survey data from 800 shared e-bike and e-scooter users. The results reveal that the decision to use shared e-bikes follows a cognitive route, while shared e-scooter use follows an affective route. Additionally, findings show that DSI significantly affects positive emotions in the use of both shared microvehicles. However, green identity only impacts the environmental motivations in shared e-bike use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper elaborates on the role played in (political) judgment by ingenium – the human faculty operating connections between different world-objects through analogy and imagination. Using Arendt and Vico, the paper argues that the concept of ingenium offers important clues as to how we should understand the judgment of the singular, a key aspect of political thought. Between rational-discursive approaches – reducing singularity to its subsumption into general categories – and radically contextualist accounts, the notion of ingenium allows to conceptualize a political judgment both able to account for singular objects and events, and capable of operating context-transcending reflection. The argument proceeds in three steps. First, I show with Arendt how singular judgment relies on sensus communis, capturing singularity beyond rational categories. Second, I discuss the difficulty of accommodating sensus communis in post-Kantian terms, where it becomes tied solely to affective reactions, making judgment of the singular exclusively evaluative, while its identification is restricted to categorial cognition. Lastly, through Vico, I discuss how ingenium reframes the sensus communis. By operating through analogy and exemplarity ingenium enables a sensus communis that establishes not only evaluative connections, but also contributes to the constructive identification and description of worldly objects and events in their singularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents autoethnographic strategies to manage cognitive dissonance in art teacher education. Dissonance, as a conflict in beliefs and actions, is discussed in educational research but not commonly in art education. By exposing the autoethnographic voices of three academic artist teachers based in the United Kingdom and Singapore, including that of one author, this paper identifies the constitution and location of cognitive dissonance in art education. Autoethnographic images and excerpts help reveal personal accounts of cognition whilst positioning dissonance in practice. Contributors to dissonance like belief and concept conflicts, demonstrative challenges and power relationships are also exposed. This paper recommends that educational stakeholders, such as education ministries, teacher education departments and school leadership teams collaborate to acknowledge, accept and begin to manage dissonance in art teacher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on 69th annual conference of Society For Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis from October 10-14, 2018 at Las Vegas, Nevada U.S. It mentions several presentation in the conferences including contribution of professional health care providers in hypnosis; science behind a conceptually driven egoistic mind; and challenges with increasing patient expectations and greater efficiency are to be reconciled with cost reductions.

Caring for a relative with dementia can be extremely challenging especially when someone presents with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). The training provided to informal carers is varied and inconsistent. Group-based training programmes are often prescribed but their impact on care-recipient wellbeing and symptomology is yet to be well established. This review synthesises the literature on consensus, themes and effectiveness of informal-carer, group-based educational training programmes on BPSD symptoms. Ten papers were included of which very few considered BPSD outcomes as their primary aim of investigation. Methodological and theoretical approaches across the empirical papers varied considerably. Generally, studies of higher quality and with some positive results on BPSD outcomes tended to incorporate teaching on structured problem-solving skills. Studies measuring for longer term changes also tended to conclude more beneficial outcomes. The length and duration of groups and the group-sizes appeared inconsequential to BPSD outcomes. The empirical evidence is weak for carer group interventions in the management of BPSD. Practice reasons for this are discussed. Future studies designed to measure BPSD as a primary outcome would be a welcome addition to the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drive towards living well with dementia has resulted in a growing recognition of the value of community-based participatory arts activities. This review aimed to explore their overall impact and holistic benefits for people with early to moderate stages of dementia. Using a scoping review methodology and thematic analysis, this review explored relevant literature published between 2008 and 2019. 26 published papers were identified, comprising visual arts, literary arts, comedy, music and dance. The key themes included person-centred, in-the-moment approaches; participation and communication; attention and cognition; social cohesion and relationships; and the role of space, place and objects. There is strong evidence in support of using participatory arts for dementia, regardless of art form. In-the-moment and person-centred approaches were deemed impactful. Further research is needed to explore the importance of setting, material culture and the methodological or theoretical perspectives in participatory arts and dementia research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explicit knowledge of language is posited as a core component of language teachers' professional knowledge, as it impacts on their classroom practice, cognition and professional reflection. In response to a sociocultural turn in teacher education, this paper presents a sociocultural rationale for the implementation of an explicit-inductive approach to grammar teaching in L2 teacher education. In an explicit-inductive approach, students are guided to induce and articulate grammatical rules for themselves. A tripartite analysis of: teacher educator as pedagogue, student language teacher as teacher-learner and pedagogy as process within an explicit-inductive approach is presented, to form a sociocultural model for the teaching of explicit knowledge in L2 teacher education. It is argued that an explicit-inductive approach which is grounded in praxis has the potential to develop student language teachers' (SLTs') content knowledge, i.e., their declarative knowledge of grammar, as well as their pedagogical knowledge of how to teach grammar. The paper calls for further discussion and critical reflection on the teaching of explicit knowledge in L2 teacher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper adopts an ecological approach to describe the opportunities offered by school landscape for children's curricular learning. The approach is based on Gibson's concept of affordances which refers to the opportunities offered by an environment to its users. The research conducted in school grounds in two different contexts – Scotland and Bangladesh drew on this theory to examine the relationship between the school landscape and children's learning. Case study research included application of observation and behaviour mapping in school grounds, and interviews with participants in both contexts. Opportunities for teaching and learning offered by the school landscape in both cases were later defined as 'cognitive affordances' by the authors. 'The concept of 'cognitive' affordances' had limited attention in the field of landscape research. This paper thus introduces and defines the term to understand and study the potential of outdoor environments for development of children's learning and cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Situation awareness (SA) is a widely used cognitive construct in human factors, often theoretically posited to be a critical causal factor and/or construct for performance. However, there are concerns that SA may not sufficiently capture the psychological processes underlying performance. We address these conflicting perspectives using meta-analysis to evaluate the patterns of associations among SA-performance effect sizes. Specifically, we focus on the validity of SA for performance—how well SA captures the relevant psychological processes for task performance. In our systematic review of the empirical literature, we coded associations of ten unique measures of SA with performance: 678 effects from 77 papers. The meta-analytic means for SA measures were all of approximately medium or lower effect sizes. The overall mean effect, while significant, was also limited in magnitude (r = 0.26, p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was high unexplained systematic variation with an enormous plausible range for individual effects (r = −0.15 to 0.60). The results indicate that SA's validity for performance tends to be, on average, weak with large variations among effects. Interventions that improve SA may not correspond to meaningful improvements in task performance, and it may be appropriate to revise major theories of SA. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2021.1921310. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the intersection of age bias and gender bias in relation to female leadership. "Cheat codes" is a term originally applied to computer and video games to describe a code that, when used, allows the player to access features, level skips, or capabilities not otherwise available (Merriam-Webster, n.d.). As a metaphor, the term is meant to suggest a shortcut in decision-making toward a desired conclusion or outcome. In the context of this article, "faulty cheat codes" refer to society's use of misinformed and unfair stereotypes as specious shortcuts to judge the abilities or qualifications of individuals based on their age, leading to incorrect conclusions or inappropriate actions. This piece highlights the detrimental effects of age bias on prominent female politicians, including Former Speaker Nancy Pelosi, and emphasizes the need for authentic conversations about cognitive abilities. The paper challenges the use of age as a flawed measure of competence and advocates for retiring negative stereotypes about aging. It also discusses the delayed entry of women into political office and the compounding effects of age and gender biases. By promoting positive narratives about aging and addressing ageism in our political discourse, society can create a more fair and inclusive political landscape that values the capabilities of individuals of all ages. The paper concludes by urging a shift in focus toward substantive political discussions and away from shallow indicators of competence based on age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his position paper, Calzavarini (2023) argues that recent studies in multisensory research challenge the claim that word meaning is grounded in modality-specific representations. Here we argue that the coherence of the Grounded Cognition model does not require the modality-specificity assumption. In fact, already some "strong" versions of the model had relied on a multimodal view of the sensorimotor cortex that seems consistent with much of the evidence discussed in the paper. Next, we address some possible consequences for empirical research using behavioural methods, particularly for norming studies on word meaning. We conclude by identifying some open issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fuzzy entropy function is useful to quantify the underlying vagueness. However, unlike probability, uncertainty due to vagueness is essentially perceived by a human agent in his/her cognition. This paper presents new fuzzy entropy functions that yields fuzzy entropy specific to the agent's attitudinal tendency. Besides, the proposed functions correspond to the conventional entropy functions in the probabilistic domain, making them amenable to represent probabilistic-fuzzy (prob-fuzzy) uncertainty easily. To demonstrate this ability, the proposed functions are also extended to the prob-fuzzy domain. A case-study is included to show the usefulness of the proposed fuzzy and prob-fuzzy entropy functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a serious mobile-game intervention on older adults' engagement, affect, and cognitive function. Methods: In this single-subject design, twenty older adults, six of whom living with dementia, participated in a 16-session mobile-game intervention. Before and after the intervention, participants had sessions involving traditional paper-based cognitive activities. Engagement and affect were measured in each session. Cognitive measures were administered before and after the intervention. Acceptability was explored through interviews. Results: After the intervention, there was a statistically significant increase in engagement in 37% of participants, and in affect in 21% of participants. Participants preferred the mobile games to the paper-based activities. Cognitive measures showed improvement in four participants with dementia. Conclusions: Although not conclusive, participants experienced higher levels of engagement and positive affect while playing the mobile games compared to paper-based activities. The results indicate feasibility and acceptability of the mobile game intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Criterion identification and measurement is often an afterthought in criterion-related validation research. Yet it is essential in determining what predictor measures to use in operational settings. Accordingly, this special issue discusses recent advances in addressing the "criterion problem" in U.S. military enlisted personnel selection and classification research. In this introductory paper, broad issues regarding criterion identification and measurement in the military and previous research on this topic are reviewed and subsequent papers, which address specific criterion issues and describe an unprecedented joint-service criterion project, are introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Infants who remain in-utero after their due date are exposed to increasing risk of infection, late stillbirth and delivery complications. Much of the current literature on post-term outcomes is based on short term observations and the impacts may be substantially greater in the long term. The aim of this work is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the cognitive or educational impacts of post term delivery.Methods: Systematic review was performed by the two authors using Medline database (1960-2017). A title search was performed to identify likely relevant literature. Exposure terms were clarified to identify papers where the exposure was related to delivery after the infants' due date. Primary outcome was cognitive score. A quality assessment and data extraction pro forma was completed by both reviewers for all studies deemed to satisfy the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis used adjusted results where available. Small-study bias was assessed visually using a funnel plot and then formally tested using Egger's regression asymmetry test.Results: Medline was searched on the 4 July 2018; and produced a list of 1318 publications. Of these, 43 abstracts were screened, and of these a total of 10 full-text papers were reviewed. A further three papers were identified during this review and contributed to a total of 13 papers. The publications dated from 1969 to 2017. Two studies presented a binary outcome for cognitive measures and combined estimates found that the risk of a low cognitive score was higher in post-term infants compared to term infants (odds ratio [OR] 1.06 [1.04-1.08]). Four papers presented the association with mean cognitive measures and post-term delivery, and all demonstrated a mean reduction in scores in the post-term group. A combined estimate showed strong evidence of a reduction in cognitive scores across the four studies (-1.90 [-3.50 to -0.31]). There was little evidence of heterogeneity in the studies which reported cognitive outcomes (other p-values >.2).Conclusion: This meta-analysis has found that post term birth (>41 + 6 weeks) is associated with small but significant negative effects on cognitive outcomes when compared with delivery at, or around term. The effect, while small, is compounded by a common exposure and appears consistent in the studies identified. Less evidence was found for a measurable impact on early developmental measures or educational outcomes. This may further help inform the debate on the timing of otherwise uncomplicated pregnancies and further trials in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industries are currently struggling with ageing workforce in modern production systems associated with Industry 4.0. The industrial socio-demographic problem is more and more present as the increasing of the ageing population results in the prolongation of the working life and the consecutively in the ageing of the workforce in industries. This paper aims to conduct a systematic literature review on the challenges and concerns of ageing operators, including the physical, cognitive, ergonomic, and well-being conditions of the ageing workforce in the Industry 4.0 environment. The ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed scientific databases were used to survey the studies and selected using PRISMA guidelines. This paper was structured and analysed by clusters: Ageing, Industry 4.0, Human Factors, and Ergonomics. These clusters were developed as research lines: Ageing as the socio-demographic challenge, Industry 4.0 as the technological development, Human Factors as the individual characteristics of the operator, and Ergonomics as the work environment. Thus, human--centric approaches and ideas are discussed with the insights and issues of Industry 4.0 technologies, Human Factors, and Ergonomics to achieve a sustainable system at the engineering and social level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special issue brings together two important reviews and seven cutting-edge empirical papers concerning the influence of alexithymia on cognitive and emotional processing. Alexithymia is a multifaceted construct that is characterised by difficulties identifying one's feelings; difficulties describing one's feelings to others; and an externally focused, utilitarian cognitive style. In this paper, we begin by considering how emotion science has evolved in its understanding of personality traits, before highlighting the potential importance of alexithymia research for the field of cognition and emotion. After summarising the historical context of alexithymia research, we consider the contributions of the featured papers to the literature of cognition and emotion. The collected works highlight that alexithymia influences several aspects of how one perceives and responds to neutral and emotional situations, by impacting upon multiple processes (attention, appraisals, memory, language and behaviour), showing the importance of drawing better connections amongst multiple processes, toward disentangling the effects of early processes on later ones. A lack of correspondence between processes, as well as amongst alexithymia facets, is another central finding of the special issue. This pattern is thought to lead to ineffective and inflexible emotion regulation and to pose significant risks for physical and mental illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses an important yet neglected existential issue sometimes faced by persons with bipolar disorder (BD): confusion about the extent to which what one is like is influenced by BD. Although such confusion is common in psychiatric illnesses, BD raises idiosyncratic difficulties due to its intricate interactions with personality, cognition and behavior. The fluctuating mood phases of BD can generate inconsistency in one's self-experience and sense of self. One way to resolve this confusion would be to coherently account for BD within one's overall self-concept. To facilitate this task, this paper introduces a heuristic taxonomy of different relationships wherein BD can be viewed in light of self-related beliefs. The relationships are as follows: (1) BD contributes to the self, (2) BD scaffolds the self, (3) BD gradually becomes part of the self and (4) BD is not part of the 'real self'. As the individual presentation of BD varies extensively, the type of relationship one feels holds true depends on one's personal experience of managing and living with the disorder. These relationships act as an organizing framework for one's self-related beliefs about how to account for the effects of BD on personality, behavior, cognitive patterns and other self-expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While it is well known today that J.S. Bach’s The Well-Tempered Clavier (WTC) was not composed with equal temperament in mind, it is unknown exactly which, if any, well temperament Bach had intended for the work. While equal temperament produces 12 uniform intervals of each type, other systems of well temperament slightly stretch and compress the size of various fifths, resulting in alterations to other intervals. A number of competing hypotheses have been published as to which temperament Bach intended, or whether he intended a specific temperament at all. While we do not have a definitive historical answer as to Bach’s preference of temperament in this work, this paper applies corpus methodologies to compare these systems. This paper develops and utilises Detuning-Emphasis Correlation (DEC): the relationship between scale-degree pairs' deviation from just intonation and their frequency of use. Frequency of use is compared to a ‘baseline’ frequency, found by averaging a scale degree pair’s prevalence across the corpus. This paper analyses the 48 fugues of Bach’s WTC by computing DECs for selected well temperaments (Werckmeister III, Bach-Lehman, Niedhardt, Vallotti, and Young), aiming to find a significant negative DEC for some temperament. While no temperament was found to fit the WTC in this way, strong correlations between these well temperaments indicated that the work would highlight similar affects for the various keys regardless of which (non-equal) well temperament is used to realise this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes epistemic environmentalism as a novel framework for accounting for the contribution of the environment – broadly construed – to epistemic standings and which can be used to improve or protect epistemic environments. The contribution of the environment to epistemic standings is explained through recent developments in epistemology and cognitive science, including embodied cognition, embedded cognition, extended cognition and distributed cognition. The paper examines how these developments support epistemic environmentalism, as well as contributes theoretical resources to make epistemic assessments of dynamic environments. The epistemic environmentalist procedure from the assessment of an individual environment to changes made to that environment based on promoting the attainment of epistemic goods is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to introduce a meaning-making process called 'sensuous abstraction' as one approach to aesthetic experience in line with Dewey's philosophy. Dewey highlights aesthetic experience as the best form of experience that integrates emotional and intellectual qualities to foster deep learning and insights. Building on contemporary research on sensation, affect, and human brain, this paper identifies two distinct modes of human understanding: the linguistic/conceptual system and the sensuous-imaginative system. The former, often associated with abstraction and intellectual thinking, is heavily emphasized in traditional schooling, but the latter, integral to human cognition, is sadly neglected and overlooked. While situational meaning offers a way to bridge the two systems, it often falls short of leading to aesthetic experience. In response, sensuous abstraction can promote a process of meaning making that becomes more general than sensation but never as general as linguistic categories while maintaining its sensory wholeness as aesthetic experience demands. Using a classical artwork as an example, this paper concludes sensuous abstraction can be adopted as one approach for educators to create learning experiences by integrating sensory experience and generalizations and abstractions that lead to aesthetic experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the educational context of identifying the critical ingredients of an effective speech-language pathologist, this paper highlights the centrality of theory in underpinning every level of our practice. A spotlight is placed on us knowing how language and communication work, what makes our interventions work, how we can make the most difference through our choices in therapy, and what makes both us and our clients respond. So, what are the critical ingredients of an effective speech-language pathologist, of an effective therapy, of an effective therapeutic alliance, and why is this so important? While there are many foundational and guiding habits upon which new graduates, early career, and experienced clinicians shape their practice, no one habit is regarded as more important than us exploring the theoretical underpinnings of what we are doing and why. To underscore the role of theory in our everyday practice, a discourse level intervention for people with aphasia is used as an exemplar to track the complex contribution of different theories to a single intervention. Discourse level interventions are relatively new on the scene in the area of acquired language disorders. Child language interventions, on the other hand, have frequently revolved around the story, aiming to bridge the oral-literate divide through the development of narrative structure. This paper will aim to weave its own story around discourse level interventions, combining the narrative genre with the everyday genres used by adults in conversation. I will highlight how this approach taps into lexical theories, sentence processing theories, discourse organisation, and the cognitive underpinnings of language, and closely examine how this multilayering of language in context may hold some of the answers to questions around generalisation, impact, and making the greatest difference to individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have entered an era where, in addition to us humans, systems can also think. It is imperative to decide how decision rights and authorities are allocated and distributed across interconnected co-cognitors: things that think. To address this question vital to the redesign of organizations, we reconceptualize cognitive reapportionment as the dynamic reallocation of decision rights and authorities across human and system co-cognitors capable of independent decision making. We articulate the Helix Model of Decision Journeys, wherein decision journeys, comprised of decision elements allocable to human or system co-cognitors, interweave and integrate business processes. The dynamic reapportionment of cognitive responsibilities across co-cognitors is dependent upon the type of scientific reasoning—deduction, induction, or abduction—at each decision element. We further propose two intertwined mechanisms for the art of letting go that facilitate the adoption of the Helix model. First, the nexus of omnipresent system co-cognitors collectively needs to evoke trust. Only when Technology Trust Thresholds are exceeded can decision making be reorganized and control relinquished to system co-cognitors. Second, the world of omnipresent cognitors will compel us to redesign, reprogram, and remix our workflow and business processes. Only through a purposeful effort to Redesign in the Remix Regime can the deduction-induction-abduction nature of decision tasks serve as the basis for their reapportionment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, amalgamation has remained at the top of the international reform agenda. Seeking to enhance local governments' economic efficiency and democracy, municipal mergers were encouraged in numerous countries. However, the results of such reforms remain controversial. The paper aims to extend the understanding of reasons for municipalities' diverging responses to financial incentives under amalgamation. In this way, the study adds to local public administration literature, by showing the influence of psychological factors and individuals' cognition on the result of mergers in the context of two Ukrainian local governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the social work landscape rapidly changes to more directly address the effects of racism, colonialism and all areas of oppression on individuals, communities and systems, the delivery of responsive clinical social work services is being called to radically transform. This transformation starts with social work education, both in curriculum and in pedagogy, and must include an emphasis on anti-Blackness, starting with raising consciousness and increasing awareness of its prevalence and then deciding how to move beyond awareness. Although clinical social work educators are charged with the task of training emerging social workers to effectively translate theory into practice, missing is guidance on how to do so with an anti-Black, decolonial sensitivity. In 2022, the authors introduced a model – the Trajectory of Awareness (ToA) – to address an aspect of anti-Black racism and in this paper, we return to the ToA model, incorporating decolonial principles. Decoloniality is very much aligned with teaching about anti-Black racism and developing a skill set in teaching about anti-Black racism from a decolonial perspective is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores Spinoza's therapy of passions and method of salvation through knowledge and love of God. His optimism about this method is perplexing: it is not even clear how his God, who is unlike any traditional notion of divinity, can be loved. Sorting out Spinoza's view involves distinguishing an ethics of bondage from another of freedom, and two corresponding notions of love of God. The paper argues that the highest kind of love—'pure intellectual love of God'—should not be understood as an affect at all, but instead as unimpeded intellectual activity. This suggestion requires reconsidering Spinoza's account of cognition, particularly his use of the Cartesian notions of objective and formal reality which are not only central to his theory of ideas but constitute the foundations of his salvation project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to determine the role cognitive control awareness plays in university students through their scientific writing. Results show that through an assessment-centred instruction approach embedded in reflective learning, tertiary students at a faculty of sciences can achieve greater metacognitive awareness of their learning. Fourth-year students in a physical oceanography class displayed cognitive control over established activities designed to develop their discursive writing skills (writing components included objectives, subject content, methodologies, contextualization and environmental implications on local and global scales). Scientific writing was promoted through students managing their own learning processes and cognitive control through metacognitive awareness, i.e. through a constructivist scheme embedded in formative learning. In the POST test, students scored higher primarily in the categories of writing methodologies, and bibliographies. Teacher expertise, which was mainly provided through feedback and scaffolding for student autonomy was highly valued by the students, and included considering the effects of a teacher assessing their writing and providing strategies to write a better scientific paper [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses why in the 1950s Herbert Simon introduced bounded rationality as a modular notion—consisting of a "cognitive" and an "environmental" module—and explores the consequences of this choice. Originally, Simon emphasised cognition in economics and the environment in psychology to meet specific disciplinary interests. Continuing adaptively to emphasise cognition in economics has led, then, to significant unintended consequences: (i) the easier assimilation of Simon's bounded rationality by neoclassical economics, and (ii) the persistent confusion between Simon's and Kahneman and Tversky's contribution. Seeing the recognition of his credit endangered, Simon reemphasised the environment when Gigerenzer introduced environment-based ecological rationality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is unprecedented opportunity to evaluate children's participation in diverse cultural contexts, to enhance cross-cultural research, advance the delivery of culturally responsive pediatric rehabilitation, and translate new knowledge on a global scale. The participation concept is complex and heavily influenced by a child's context. Therefore, effectively capturing the participation concept requires valid, reliable, and culturally sensitive participation-focused measures. This perspective paper proposes a structured process for culturally adapting measures of participation for children and youth with disabilities. Elements of the Applied Cultural Equivalence Framework and Beaton and colleagues' six-step process were used to create a guiding process for culturally adapting a Participation and Environment Measure (PEM) while drawing on two distinct cultural contexts. This process included forward and back language translations, and semi-structured cognitive interviews, to develop adapted versions of the PEM that are ready for psychometric validation. Common challenges to culturally adapting PEM content and administration are identified and methodological strategies to mitigate these challenges are proposed. The proposed process can guide rehabilitation specialists and researchers in adapting participation measures that are suitable for their culture. Such a process can facilitate scalable implementation of evidence-based tools to support participation-based practice in the rehabilitation field. The use of a systematic process can harmonize efforts by rehabilitation researchers and service providers to effectively culturally adapt pediatric participation measures to optimize its impact for culturally sensitive research and practice targeting participation. Two distinct, yet complementary, illustrative exemplars showcase the range of considerations and strategies, such as by conducting consecutive rounds of cognitive interviews, when teams use this systematic process to cultural adapt a pediatric participation measure. The systematic process outlined in this paper promotes rigor in achieving all elements of cultural equivalency, when feasible, to best ensure that the participation measure is suitable for use in the target cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Why," "what," and "how" are basic questions to be answered in augmented map research as an intersecting direction. This study summarizes dynamic visual representations and true 3D interactions as characteristics of augmented maps from the cartographic perspective through analysis of the research progress in different disciplines. From secondary viewpoints of cognition and design, the augmented map cube is presented to establish the research framework in three directions: cognitive purposes, information dimensions, and interactive devices, in which map-based spatial cognition theory, augmented visualization, and interactive features are considered. The research evaluation is carried out to determine the reasonableness of the cube and then identify different research statuses in any one or two of the directions under the cube. Based on a literature search and classification, 30 typical studies were used for structural analysis to discover research trends and new directions that can be mined. The results show that the cube can be used to evaluate the coverage of an article or provide researchers with research trends and new possibilities. Our conclusions include but are not limited to the following: Research for retrieval purposes deserves attention, augmented visualization of specific individual elements is key to understanding maps, and interactive devices become more intangible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African social workers and psychologists have called for the utility of ubuntu philosophy in the fields of social work and psychology. Ubuntu is an African philosophy that is based on humanness, kindness, communality, socio-structural issues such as social justice, and human rights. This paper explores the philosophy of ubuntu guided by the seven modalities of the multimodal approach, which are behaviour, effect, sensation, imagery, cognition, interpersonal relationships and drugs/biology. The article suggests that ubuntu as an African philosophy has potential to contribute two modalities in addition to the seven modalities in the multimodal approach by the South African psychologist Arnold Lazarus. It argues that ubuntu contributes two domains in assessments and these are as follows: the person-physical environment relationship and the spiritual relationship. Given the emphasis on eco-spiritually informed social work, this paper calls for the adoption of these two modalities for the assessment and intervention plans in social work practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This review aimed to synthesize and review computerized cognitive rehabilitation studies on children with disabilities to confirm their effectiveness. Methods: In 2021, an electronic search of academic articles was performed using PubMed, CINAHL, Science Direct, and Cochrane databases. Results: First, two experienced researchers selected 325 papers. 85 non-SCI studies published before 2017 were excluded. Further, duplicate studies were removed, remaining with 71 papers. After reviewing the title and abstract, 14 studies were selected. Finally, after performing a full text review, 7 studies were selected. All studies on computerized cognitive rehabilitation in children were randomized clinical trials that showed a positive impact to this therapy. Computerized cognitive rehabilitation targeting children with various diseases improved their memory, math ability, and activities of daily living. Conclusion: Computerized cognitive rehabilitation can be effectively used in clinical practice in line with non-face-to-face treatment of children with various difficulties caused by the coronavirus pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curiosity has long been touted as important for the ability to learn and has been linked with innovation and entrepreneurship. It is also important that employers know how to identify curious potential employees in cost-effective ways during recruitment processes. This paper explores the association between curiosity and cognitive ability. Recruitment processes rely heavily on educational attainment, especially when recruiting young people with low labour market experience. This paper explores the association between curiosity and maths, science, and reading ability in youth. Using six waves of data from the 2003, 2006, and 2009 cohorts of the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth, we examine the extent to which the curiosity of young adults is associated with their school-age cognition level. We find that curious individuals are more likely to have had higher levels of science and reading ability in school, yet curiosity is negatively associated with school-age mathematics ability. These findings provide clear strategies for employers wanting to recruit curious employees without access to expensive profiling techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognition and emotion play important roles in information systems (IS) research, yet existing studies have not provided a comprehensive picture of these issues in the IS field. In this study, a citation network including 2,061 related academic articles published between 1996 and 2019 is established. Two novel indicators are proposed, through which 57 influential articles are identified, namely annual average degree centrality (AADC) and annual average betweenness centrality (AABC). A backward search process is performed preceding the co-citation analysis to exhaustively collect co-citation data. Finally, integrating multidimensional scaling analysis with clustering analysis, six core knowledge groups are revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how the use of multiple platforms is tied to awareness of algorithms. It builds on the premise that users interact with ecologies or environments of technologies rather than single platforms. The study also supplements work on algorithmic awareness by implementing a mixed-method study to account for how Costa Rican users of Netflix and Spotify understood and related to the algorithms of these platforms. This study combined a survey of 258 participants and 21 in-depth semistructured interviews. Findings demonstrate that multi-platform users were more aware of algorithms and carried out more practical actions to obtain algorithmic recommendations than single-platform users. Although user type did not predict participants' attitudes towards algorithmic recommendations, higher levels of awareness were associated with more positive attitudes towards algorithms. The study also shows that differences in levels of awareness explained users' emotional arousal derived from algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Japanese-Americans are the sixth largest Asian ethnicity in the United States and represent a highly heterogeneous population. Despite representing a large and diverse group, relatively little attention has been paid to clinical best practices for working with this population in the West, particularly for Japanese speakers and issei (first-generation in the United States). This paper offers guidance for providing competent neuropsychological services to Japanese-Americans. Method: Pertinent facets of Japanese culture are presented within the context of the ECLECTIC framework (education and literacy, culture and acculturation, language, economics, communication, testing situation: comfort and motivation, intelligence conceptualization, and context of immigration; Fujii, 2018). The available literature on clinical neuropsychological tests that are translated into Japanese and normed with Japanese samples was reviewed. Results: Specific recommendations for clinicians providing neuropsychological services to Japanese-Americans are presented with an aim of maximizing test fairness by addressing the following issues: comfort with the testing situation, test biases, accessibility, and validity (American Educational Research Association et al., 2014). Additional recommendations for the use of teleneuropsychology; working with geriatric, pediatric, and multiracial populations; and providing useful recommendations and feedback from clinical assessment are provided. Measures that are appropriately translated and/or adapted for use with Japanese populations are presented by cognitive domain to assist clinicians with test selection. Conclusions: This paper provides concrete recommendations for Western neuropsychologists working with patients of Japanese descent in order to address the current gap in cultural competence among clinicians when working with this heterogeneous population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper focuses on the figurative senses of abstract art, which can be rooted in human bodily experiences, interconnections between cognitive domains as well as mental concepts arising from the perception of colour. We take a closer look at the works of art created by, among others, Wassily Kandinsky, Yves Klein, Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman and analyse particular uses of colour in search of their deeper meaning expressed beyond the purely material surface. The concepts of physiognomic perception, emotional responses to art, and synaesthesia are briefly discussed as well. However, it is Joseph Grady's theory of primary metaphors which is the main point of reference for the undertaken discussion and interpretation of colour applications and their possible meanings. Even if declared abstract and non-semantic, the discussed works of art evoke certain emotions and reactions due to basic cognitive operations resulting from correlations in experience (they constitute an essence of primary metaphors). As proved in the body of this paper, they render some works of art metaphorical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated a research area worthy of greater attention: foreign language classroom anxiety (hereafter FLCA) and enjoyment (hereafter FLE) of older adults learning English as a foreign language in Chinese Universities of the Third Age. Understanding the largely overlooked emotional involvement of older language learners contributes to sustaining their motivation in lifelong learning for more remarkable personal growth and successes. Based on the survey of 587 Chinese older learners of English between the age of 50 and 80, paired sample t-test showed that more FLE was reported than FLCA. The results of Welch's ANOVA suggested that those who were better educated had less FLCA and those who believed themselves healthier had more FLE. The language performance evaluation (i.e. relative standing in class and English mastery) affects both FLE and FLCA. Further interviews with 34 older participants revealed three major sources of FLE, including the language use in life situations, the favorable attitude toward FL learning in the cognitive, aesthetic cultural and pragmatic aspects and the social interactions in the U3As. FLCA occurs when the language performance is perceived as dissatisfying and when aspects of mental health (e.g. worsening memory) impede effective learning. Although FLCA and FLE had only a very weak correlation, Chinese older adult learners commented on a shared belief that anxiety usually precedes and subsequently enhances enjoyment in learning, indicating a sign of emotional resilience later in life. This paper demonstrates a need for understanding the emotions in language learning across life stages and socio-cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review aims to examine the instruments, approaches, scales, or assessment tools used to evaluate technology acceptance, technology adoption, and usability of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for people living with dementia and their care partners. A systematic literature review was conducted. Studies that explored the use of instruments, approaches, scales, or assessment tools to evaluate the technology acceptance and usability of ICTs for people living with dementia and their care partners were identified through five databases: Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus. We included 74 out of 2182 papers. The most common scales used included the System Usability Scale (SUS) (11%), the ISONORM 9241/10 Questionnaire (4%), and the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ) (4%). Most (59%) of the included approaches, however, were bespoke (i.e., created by the authors for a particular study) and were not named. The approaches or tools used to assess technology acceptance, technology adoption, and usability of ICTs that applied to people living with dementia had an average of 15 items and used an average of 5.23 scale points. There is no clear, standardised approach for assessing the technology acceptance, technology adoption, and usability of ICTs for people living with dementia and their care partners. The findings of this review may be used by academics to design and implement improved and more consistent assessment tools to assess technology acceptance, technology adoption, and usability of ICTs for people living with dementia and their care partners. The number of ICTs for people with dementia and their care partners that can be used for rehabilitation is increasing The most commonly recognized assessment tools used in this study were the SUS, ISONORM 9241/10, and PSSUQ questionnaires. For the custom assessment tools, the average number of items included in this study was 15 with five-point bidirectional labelling. There is no clear, standardized approach for assessing the technology acceptance, technology adoption, or usability of ICTs for people with dementia and their care partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issues concerning the putative perception/cognition divide are not only age-old, but also resurface in contemporary discussions in various forms. In this paper, I connect a relatively new debate concerning perceptual confidence to the perception/cognition divide. The term 'perceptual confidence' is quite common in the empirical literature, but there is an unsettled question about it, namely: are confidence assignments perceptual or post-perceptual? John Morrison in two recent papers puts forward the claim that confidence arises already at the level of perception. In this paper, I first argue that Morrison's case is unconvincing, and then develop one picture on perceptual precision with the notion of 'matching profile' (Peacocke, C. 1986. "The Inaugural Address: Analogue Content." Aristotelian Society Supplementary 60: 1–18) and 'supervaluation' (Van Fraassen, B. 1966. "Singular Terms, Truth-value Gaps, and Free Logic." The Journal of Philosophy 63 (17): 481–495.), highlighting the fact that this is a vagueness account, which is similar to but importantly different from indeterminacy accounts (e.g. Stazicker, J. 2011. "Attention, Visual Consciousness and Indeterminacy." Mind and Language 26 (2): 156–184.). With this model in hand, there can be rich resources with which to draw a theoretical line between perception and cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent political processes have rendered people with dementia an increasingly surveilled population. Surveillance is a contentious issue within dementia research, spanning technological monitoring, biomarker research and epidemiological data gathering. This paper explores surveillance in the relationships of people affected by dementia, how older relatives both with and without diagnoses are surveilled in everyday interactions, and the importance of expectations in guiding surveillance. This paper presents data from 41 in-depth interviews with people affected by dementia living in the community in the United Kingdom. Agedness was a key contributor to expectations that a person may have dementia, based on previous experiences, media accounts and wider awareness. Expectations provoked surveillance in interactions, with participants looking for signs of dementia when interacting with older relatives. Older people also enacted self-surveillance, monitoring their own behaviour. Various actions could be attributed to dementia because interpretation is malleable, partly vindicating expectations while leaving some uncertainties. Expectant surveillance transformed people's experiences because they organised their own actions, and interpreted those of others, in line with pre-existing meanings. The ability to interpret behaviours to fit expectations can bring coherence to uncertainties of ageing, cognition and dementia, but risks ascribing dementia to many older people who straddle those uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a growing literature on the factors associated with men's low rates of medical and psychological help-seeking, a systematic review of these is missing. Such an overview can help to inform health psychologists of the barriers to the performance of adaptive health behaviours, such as prompt help-seeking, and could inform theoretical advancements and the development of targeted interventions to facilitate prompt help-seeking among men. We systematically reviewed quantitative and qualitative empirical papers on factors associated with delays in men's medical and psychological help-seeking. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and we used the databases PsycINFO, Medline, Embase and PsycARTICLES (with keywords: men/male*/gender*, help*/seek* and health*/service*/utili*[sation]) for papers in English. 41 citations (amounting to 21,787 participants aged 15–80 + ) met the inclusion criteria. Approximately half of these used qualitative methodologies (i.e., semi-structured interviews and focus groups), while half used quantitative methodologies (i.e., questionnaires). We identify a number of recurring cognitive, emotional, health-service related and socio-demographic help-seeking factors/predictors from the 41 papers. Of these, the most prominent barriers to help-seeking were disinclination to express emotions/concerns about health, embarrassment, anxiety and fear, and poor communication with health-care professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computerised rehabilitation programs can be used to address cognitive deficits typically caused by multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there are still doubts on their effectiveness, due to mixed results obtained in clinical trials. The objective of this paper is to improve cognitive rehabilitation (CR) practices in MS, by presenting and assessing a MS-specific cognitive rehabilitation software. We conducted a detailed analysis of how CR is carried out in practice in MS rehabilitation centres. From the analysis, we elicited a reference CR process, and identified the essential features a software supporting the process should have. We designed and implemented MS-rehab, a novel MS-specific computerised rehabilitation system having the identified features. We experimented MS-rehab in a pilot study involving eight MS patients. To highlight the improvement with respect to the state of the art, we compared MS-rehab with available professional tools selected using well defined criteria. This paper has three main contributions: (1) the identification of a set of essential features a computerised tool for CR in MS should provide; (2) MS-rehab, a novel CR system designed for MS therapists and patients, which embodies innovative MS specific features; (3) the assessment of MS-rehab efficacy in a pilot study with MS patients. The availability of a MS-specific CR system like MS-rehab fosters the design of more rigorous clinical studies on the effectiveness of computerised rehabilitation in MS. MS-rehab demonstrated its potential and innovativeness as a tool for cognitive rehabilitation in MS. Computerized tools for cognitive rehabilitation (CR) in multiple sclerosis (MS) can be improved by a set of MS-specific features. The availability of advanced home-based cognitive rehabilitation mechanisms is fundamental for supporting standardized cognitive rehabilitation protocols in MS. A MS-specific CR system has given promising results in a pilot study involving MS patients. Hardly do state-of-the-art professional tools include all the required MS specific features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is often observed that experiences of utterance understanding are what surfaces in hearer's consciousness in the course of language comprehension. The nature of such experiences has been a hotly debated topic. One influential position in this debate is the semantic perceptual view, according to which meaning properties can be perceived. In this paper I present two new challenges for the view that we can become perceptually aware of meaning properties in auditory experience or, in brief, that we can hear meanings. The first challenge concerns the issue of providing a plausible model of meaning perception. The second challenge consists in accommodating the crucial role of cognition in the etiology of such experiences. Drawing on these observations, I will suggest a new account, according to which experiences of understanding have a complex, mixed nature involving both perceptual and cognitive elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals are complex bundles of thoughts, beliefs, emotions, and behaviours. For a digital transformation (DT) to be successful, it is necessary to understand how these bundles impact individuals' reactions to an impending change to then intervene to increase the likelihood of its success. Cognition is the mental action or process of acquiring understanding through thoughts, beliefs and emotions. Cognitive Models (CMs) describing these thoughts, beliefs, emotions and behaviours are applied and researched in psychology. On the other hand, the Information Systems (IS) domain is dominated by a behaviourist rather than a cognitivist approach. In this paper, we investigate what we can learn from these other sciences. By combining the research from the IS domain with that from the psychology domain, this paper presents a theoretical Cognitive Model for Digital Transformation (CMDT) that is a move towards explaining individual cognitive predispositions to DT and change decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]