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Comprehensive exploration of Māori experiences of discrimination in Aotearoa New Zealand remains limited, particularly in relation to exposure to multiple and interlocking forms of discrimination. This paper presents findings from a secondary analysis of Te Kupenga 2013, the first Māori Social Survey, examining patterning and prevalence of different forms of discrimination for Māori (n = 5,549). Māori report experiencing multiple forms of discrimination, both over their lifetimes and within the last year. Although racial discrimination was the most commonly reported form, Māori also experience discrimination on the basis of other grounds including age, gender, and income. Māori also report exposure to multiple forms of discrimination. Discrimination occurred in a range of settings, with schools and workplaces common sites. The findings support the lived reality of Māori that racial and other forms of discrimination are pervasive, and experienced in multiple domains across the life course, representing a persistent breach of rights. It is critical that other forms of discrimination are measured alongside racism in order to understand and address the realities of multiple discrimination for Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term ‘social licence to operate’ (SLO) is relatively new to public discourse in Aotearoa New Zealand. It is increasingly being used in the aquaculture, dairy and mining industries due to their rapid intensification and consequent impact on natural resources. For Indigenous New Zealanders, Māori, there has been contestation about land and water usage since the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. Māori have struggled to have their voices recognised. However, since 1975, the country has been developing a process that recognises Māori rights. For Māori, the Treaty of Waitangi is the prime ‘social licence’. In this paper, we contextualise the notion of SLO in light of the Treaty of Waitangi, specifically in the case of mineral extraction. We examine the extent to which Māori values, as expressed through Māori resource management plans, cultural impact assessments and submissions on legislation, articulate the Māori SLO and what, in turn, this offers the wider field of impact assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand young people's expectations of, and experience with sexual healthcare in New Zealand. Online survey of 15–24 year olds in a region with high socioeconomic deprivation, with selected outcomes compared for Māori and Europeans. Of 500 respondents, 60% had received sexual healthcare (74.3% in general practice) and 81% were happy with care received. Fewer Māori and people not in education, employment, or training reported positive experiences of sexual healthcare on arrival and in the consultation. Findings highlight the need for equitable delivery of youth-friendly, culturally safe, sexual and reproductive healthcare in general practice settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is argued that the greater use of te reo Māori and ta re Moriori languages for naming new taxa in the flora of Aotearoa / New Zealand supports the aspirations of Māori and Te Tiriti o Waitangi. However, using these indigenous languages in botanical nomenclature is more complex than a simplistic 'more is better', and we identify a number of issues requiring consideration. We appraise Waitangi Tribunal claim Wai 262 and Te Tiriti o Waitangi, collaboration at the interface of mātauranga Māori and research science, debate whether iwi are active collaborators or informants, and, crucially, defend the credibility and utility of te reo Māori / ta re Moriori and botanical nomenclatural systems. We conclude that (1) formal botanical nomenclature and (2) te reo and ta re vernacular plant names are independent, complementary, and mutually supportive classifications, each with different purposes and denoting two functional knowledge systems. Our recommendation when naming new taxa is to derive names from botanical Latin terminology. To provide clarity for the application of indigenous languages in naming Aotearoa / New Zealand vascular plants and bryophytes, an assessment of the rules and recommendations in the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN) is presented, including the use of geographical, personal and plant vernacular names as epithets, diacritical signs, hyphens, combinations of different languages, and epithet authorship. For those considering using te reo or ta re names for a new taxon, we present guidelines that address dialogue between scientists and iwi, key aspects of the ICN to consider, and suggestions for maintaining the scientific credibility of nomenclatural practices. A knowledge gap is identified for ethnobotanical folk taxonomy research into vernacular te reo and ta re names, and to document and promote this mātauranga we recommend Māori-led research into etymology, hierarchical structure, cultural relationships, whakapapa, and relationships to botanical names. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental sustainability and the long-term wellbeing of Māori (the indigenous people of New Zealand) are interdependent and degradation of landscapes risks the progressive degradation of Māori wellbeing. The present study developed an analysis framework based on Ki Uta Ki Tai (holistic-mountains to the sea- management philosophy advocated by Ngāi Tahu) for exploring relationships between landcover and Māori values to enable predictions of cultural values through space and time. We used this framework to predict how two Māori values (Overall Health and Cultural Land Use) have been altered as a result of landcover change between 2001–2012 in three Canterbury catchments. The area of native vegetation declined while exotic pasture increased between 2001–2012, and there were corresponding declines in both cultural health scores. These results suggest that the change in landcover has reduced the ability of the landscape to support Māori values. This framework for assessing changes in Māori values with respect to changing environmental conditions may identify opportunities for Māori to better engage in land use management decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kauri is an ecologically important and culturally treasured tree species in Aotearoa New Zealand. It is under threat from the pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora agathidicida, which causes kauri dieback disease. We hypothesised that mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) of kauri forest health could be used to identify native plants that produce anti-Phytophthora compounds. We tested this hypothesis by using knowledge descended from Te Whare Wananga o Ngāpuhi to select and screen four native plants for activity against P. agathidicida and also P. cinnamomi (a broad host-range pathogen). Extracts of kānuka (Kunzea robusta) were active against various life cycle stages. Bioassay-directed isolation led to three flavanones, previously unreported from New Zealand Kunzea, as the main bioactives. These compounds have not previously been reported as having anti-Phytophthora activities. They inhibited P. agathidicida zoospore germination with IC50 values of 1.4-6.5 µg/mL, making them the most potent inhibitors reported against this stage of the life cycle. The three flavanones also inhibited zoospore motility at 2.5-5.0 µg/mL, and showed some inhibition of mycelial growth at 100 µg/mL. They were generally less active against P. cinnamomi. Overall, the results from this study emphasise the value of using mātauranga Māori in the response to kauri dieback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kauri is an ecologically important and culturally treasured tree species in Aotearoa New Zealand. It is under threat from the pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora agathidicida, which causes kauri dieback disease. We hypothesised that mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) of kauri forest health could be used to identify native plants that produce anti-Phytophthora compounds. We tested this hypothesis by using knowledge descended from Te Whare Wananga o Ngāpuhi to select and screen four native plants for activity against P. agathidicida and also P. cinnamomi (a broad host-range pathogen). Extracts of kānuka (Kunzea robusta) were active against various life cycle stages. Bioassay-directed isolation led to three flavanones, previously unreported from New Zealand Kunzea, as the main bioactives. These compounds have not previously been reported as having anti-Phytophthora activities. They inhibited P. agathidicida zoospore germination with IC50 values of 1.4–6.5 µg/mL, making them the most potent inhibitors reported against this stage of the life cycle. The three flavanones also inhibited zoospore motility at 2.5–5.0 µg/mL, and showed some inhibition of mycelial growth at 100 µg/mL. They were generally less active against P. cinnamomi. Overall, the results from this study emphasise the value of using mātauranga Māori in the response to kauri dieback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]