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This work aims to shed light on the ultimate causes of structural unemployment in the Spanish region of Andalusia where it persistently exceeds the already high national average. The origins of modern Andalusia hark back to the Early Modern Age when most Iberian states amalgamated into a single entity. Unlike its northern counterparts, Andalusia was mostly a Muslim country and its incorporation in the Western European world was implemented through forced assimilation. Five centuries after the conquest, the transposition of northern institutions into the South has resulted in a backward region with age-old problems of economic development and unemployment. I have brought together elements such as violence, landownership, trust, and the role of the state, from the point of view of the original institutional economics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]