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Short channel effects, where the channel length is equivalent to the source and drain junction depletion layer thicknesses, are becoming more prevalent. The need for alternative technologies has grown significantly due to these consequences; in scaled CMOS circuits, Drain-induced barrier lowering, velocity saturation, quantum confinement, and hot carrier degradation are examples of these effects. Furthermore, the limited area required through interconnections and the scaling effort to build more efficient and denser circuits has been hampered by the increased power density in nanoscale binary circuits. As a result, building effective nanoscale multiple-valued circuits is critical. This work proposes a low-power, small-area quaternary adder based on CNTFET switching logic. The proposed design reduces the number of transistors, size, and power consumption while maintaining full-swing operation and output driving capabilities. The Stanford Virtual-Source Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor Model version 1.01 simulates the recommended design using sub-15 nm CNFET technology. Binary logic has become extremely difficult as the VLSI industry progresses. Adder logic, such as ternary and Quaternary adder logic, are examples of MVL, a multi-valued logic utilized to address this difficulty. Quaternary logic has four inputs: 0, 1, 2, 3, and so on 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 are the values for these inputs. Regarding chip size and interconnection complexity, MVL designs outperform binary logic architectures. To ensure this promising proposed design works appropriately, voltage dividers are used to construct basic gates, half-adders, and full-adders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ho-Co-In alloy was thoroughly studied for its magnetic and magnetocaloric properties, revealing a dual-phase structure comprising cubic HoCo2 and an unidentifiable phase, with stoichiometry HoCo1.5In0.33. At distinct temperatures, T1 = 123 K and T2 = 34 K, the alloy showcased ferromagnetic behavior, while transitioning to antiferromagnetic ordering at T3 = 7 K. The ferromagnetic shifts were determined to be of second-order nature, displaying minimal magnetic hysteresis. The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) was computed using Maxwell's equations based on isothermal magnetization data. Because of multi-phase nature, the alloy's multiple magnetic transitions gave rise to twin peaks in the MCE graph, reaching relative cooling power (RCP) value of 595 J/kg for an applied magnetic field change of 0–9 T. Furthermore, the alloy showcased a notable maximum magnetoresistance, registering at -15% around 123 K. These findings shows the alloy's intricate magnetic behavior and its potential for diverse applications owing to its distinct magnetocaloric and magnetoresistive properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical Ni(OH)2/Co(OH)2 nanocomposite were produced by the use of hydrothermal technique for sustainable alternative energy production and employed as competent electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, prepared electrocatalyst achieved 3D urchin sphere like morphology at the scale range of 1 μm and 200 nm. Electrochemical studies of Ni(OH)2/Co(OH)2 nanocomposite was analyzed by 3 electrode using aqueous alkaline solution of 1 M KOH. Prepared Ni(OH)2/Co(OH)2 nanocomposite electrode attained 264.5 cm2 electrochemical surface area obtained from high double layer capacitance (Cdl) value of 10.58 mF/cm2 and it required very low 360 mV at 50 mA/cm2 current density with 240 mV/dec Tafel value which is distinctly favorable for the effective electrocatalytic activity. The low solution resistance (Rs) value of 0.54 Ω showed the excellent conductivity and charge transfer competence. The prepared product displays good stability and the consistency up to the long duration of 16 h at 10 mA/cm2. Furthermore, morphological stability of prepared nanocomposite electrode was also confirmed from the post SEM analysis which concluded the significant impact on structural transformation of nanocomposite after the electrochemical analysis. Present work revealed better perceptive of benefits and defects of alternative low cost Ni(OH)2/Co(OH)2 nanocomposite electrocatalyst for water oxidation process. Hence, synthesized Ni(OH)2/Co(OH)2 explored good electrocatalyst for OER and open new way to design alternative low cost electrocatalytic materials for sustainable energy generation. Highlights: Ni(OH)2/Co(OH)2 electrode attained 264.5 cm2 electrochemical surface area. Obtained high double layer capacitance (Cdl) value of 10.58 mF/cm2. Achieved very low 360 mV at 50 mA/cm2 current density with 240 mV/dec Tafel value. Low 0.54 Ω solution resistance (Rs) showed excellent conductivity. Displayed good stability and consistency up to long duration of 16 h at 10 mA/cm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the modern microelectronics digital communication systems are using low power and efficient design for wide variety of applications in real world. Recent researchers focusing on amplifier circuits for increasing applications with novel designs; conventional method uses FinFET CMOS design, and other reconfigurable designs, which consumes much power on designing and to overcome the design complexity of existing work, the proposed optimal power reduction strategy is employed on the ADC lock-in amplifier. Here the two stage lock-in amplifier is constructed with gated clocking of DFF switching strategy to reduce the power consumption and to obtain better results than previous works. Virtext FPGA model of amplifier is designed with Xilinx ISE 14.2 tool. The design of lock-in Amplifier has both sensing stage and latch stage with better sampling periods of edge triggering state, which improves the performance. High speed FPGA with mixed signal processing application is capable for this design. Experimental results analyzed with the power, area and delay as major concern and switching state with clocking model determines the high speed design. By comparing with the previous work, the proposed work is designed to achieve better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this section, a various levelled picture matting method is utilized to extract veins from fundus pictures. All the more explicitly, a various levelled methodology is joined into the picture matting strategy for vein apportioning. For the most part, the matting strategy requires a client indicated tri map, which isolates the info picture into three districts: the frontal area, foundation, and obscure areas. Be that as it may, producing a client indicated tri map is very tuff work for vessel parcelling undertakings. In this task, we propose a technique that creates tri map consequently by using area highlights of veins. At that point, we apply a various levelled picture tangling strategy to separate the vessel components in the obscure districts. The suggested technique has less count time and performs better than numerous other regulated and solo strategies. The datasets CHASE_DB1, STARE and DRIVE are adopted as these datasets are available openly. By applying these three datasets on pictures produces fixed time of 50.71, 15.74 and 10.72 s with optimized parcelling exactness 93.9%, 94.6% and 95.1%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erianthus arundinaceus [Retzius] Jeswiet, a wild relative of sugarcane has a high biomass production potential and a reservoir of many genes for superior agronomic traits and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. A comparative physiological, anatomical and root transcriptome analysis were carried out to identify the salt-responsive genes and metabolic pathways associated with salt-tolerant E. arundinaceus genotype IND99-907 and salinity-sensitive sugarcane genotype Co 97010. IND99-907 recorded growth of young leaves, higher proline content, higher relative water content, intact root anatomical structures and lower Na+/K+, Ca2+/K+ and Mg2+/K+ ratio as compared to the sugarcane genotype Co 97010. We have generated four de novo transcriptome assemblies between stressed and control root samples of IND99-907 and Co 97010. A total of 649 and 501 differentially expressed genes (FDR<0.01) were identified from the stressed and control libraries of IND99-907 and Co 97010 respectively. Genes and pathways related to early stress-responsive signal transduction, hormone signalling, cytoskeleton organization, cellular membrane stabilization, plasma membrane-bound calcium and proton transport, sodium extrusion, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, cellular transporters related to plasma membrane-bound trafficking, nucleobase transporter, clathrin-mediated endocytosis were highly enriched in IND99-907. Whereas in Co 97010, genes related to late stress-responsive signal transduction, electron transport system, senescence, protein degradation and programmed cell death, transport-related genes associated with cellular respiration and mitochondrial respiratory chain, vesicular trafficking, nitrate transporter and fewer secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes were highly enriched. A total of 27 pathways, 24 biological processes, three molecular functions and one cellular component were significantly enriched (FDR≤ 0.05) in IND99-907 as compared to 20 pathways, two biological processes without any significant molecular function and cellular components in Co 97010, indicates the unique and distinct expression pattern of genes and metabolic pathways in both genotypes. The genomic resources developed from this study is useful for sugarcane crop improvement through development of genic SSR markers and genetic engineering approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, the effect of the organic conjugated small molecule crystal growth process on the evolution of the crystal morphology and consequent charge transport properties are studied. Evaluations are carried out on a donor-acceptor-donor structured organic small molecule, 7,9-di(thiophen-2-yl)-8Hcyclopenta[a]acenaphthylen-8-one) (DTCPA), which crystallizes in a monoclinic structure. Recrystallization of the DTCPA molecule is carried out by employing four growth methods via solvent evaporation through both concentrated and dilute solutions using a polar solvent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The four growth methods are slow evaporation of solvent from a dilute solution (SED) and a concentrated solution, quenching the hot concentrated solution, and slow cooling of hot concentrated solution. The morphological and optical studies demonstrated recrystallized particle size varying from 0.01 mm to 10 mm. The structural analysis revealed crystallite size from 30 nm to 160 nm. Current-voltage characterization and conductivity measurements indicate that these structural and morphological variations are critical factors in influencing and determining the electronic charge transport properties. The SED method results in relatively larger crystallites size and percent crystallinity, which leads to higher conductivity. Overall, by utilizing various growth methods for DTCPA, change in particle size, crystallite size, percent crystallinity, and optical absorption is assessed, which in turn affects the electrical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bacterial leaf blight in rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) affects crop losses worldwide. In spite of developing resistant varieties by introgressing different Xa genes, the occurrence of diseases is evident. Here we report identification of several genes that are associated with improved plant immunity against Xoo in a resistant genotype BPT-5204 in comparison with susceptible genotype TN-1. The RNA sequencing information was developed to identify the genes that could provide durable resistance in rice. Xoo-resistant rice genotype BPT-5204 with Xa 5, 13 and 21 genes is compared with sensitive Taichung Native 1 (TN-1) to identify the genetic pathways and gene networks involved in resistance mechanisms. The higher levels of salicylic acid resulted in upregulation of many pathogenesis-related (PR) and redox protein encoding transcripts which resulted in higher hypersensitive response in BPT-5204. Many Serine/threonine protein kinase, leucine-rich repeat (LRR) transmembrane protein kinase, protein kinase family genes, Wall-associated kinase (WAK) were upregulated that resulted in activation of bZIP, WRKY, MYB, DOF and HSFs transcription factors that are associated with improved plant immunity. The study provided roles of many genes and their associated plant immunity pathways that can be used for developing resistant rice cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-based compounds such as Co3O4, CoS, and CoSe2 were produced via uncomplicated hydrothermal technique. The cubic, hexagonal, and orthorhombic phases of various products were revealed employing X-ray diffraction spectra. The scanning electron microscope images revealed different nanostructures, such as triangular Co3O4 nanoplates, flower-like CoS nanopetals, and CoSe2 nanocubes, of the synthesized materials. The electrochemical performance of Co3O4, CoS, and CoSe2 was determined using electrochemical application studies. Among these three electrodes, notably CoS, showed 577 F/g capacitance at 10 mV/s and an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of 260 mA/cm2 at 10 mV/s scan rate with very low 194 mV overpotential. From the comparative analysis of different Co-based derivatives, it was found that controlled synthesis of CoS, which results in a unique morphology and good OER performance, could be considered as a potential candidate for device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal molybdate families such as AMoO4 [A = Ni, Co, Cu, Mn] in transition metal series have received considerable great attention in energy storage and conversion applications. Among these metal molybdates, CoMoO4 is widely used in various industrial applications. CoMoO4 was prepared using solvothermal method. Monoclinic CoMoO4 was confirmed. Metal–oxygen (M–O) bonding, crystal defects, chemical bonding, surface morphology, particle size, and elemental composition were analyzed. The specific capacitance of prepared electrodes was estimated and obtained the high specific capacitance of 561 F/g, 768 F/g, and 1039 F/g, respectively. Long-term stability of CoMoO4 under ethanol solvent revealed the capacitance retention of about 96% even after 16 h. Hence, CoMoO4 nanostructures will be a probable electrode material for water-splitting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic, magnetocaloric, and magnetoresistance properties of polycrystalline Tb2Ni0.94Si3.2 alloy have been investigated. Magnetic susceptibilities (AC and DC), remanent magnetization and the heat capacity studies of Tb2Ni0.94Si3.2 provide evidence for the spin glass behavior below the temperature, Tf = 5.2 K. At the Néel temperature, TN = 12.7 K, Tb2Ni0.94Si3.2 alloy orders antiferromagnetically. The presence of metamagnetic transition is observed in isothermal magnetization and magnetoresistance studies. Also, a magnetoresistance of 22% is exhibited by the alloy at temperature T = 4 K in an applied magnetic field of 9 T. A magnetic entropy change of 12 J/kg K with the relative cooling power of 504 J/kg for a magnetic field change of 9 T is observed in the studied alloy. Influence of spin fluctuations and short-range ferromagnetic correlations is reflected in magnetoresistance and relative cooling power. The magnetic and magnetoresistance properties make this alloy as a good magnetocaloric material with moderate magnetoresistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the effect of maternal occupational tobacco handling (bidi rolling) on cord serum leptin levels. Methods: We enrolled 64 neonates born to women who were bidi-rollers, and 64 small for gestational age (SGA) neonates and 57 term appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates born to mothers with no tobacco exposure. Cord blood leptin levels between the groups were compared. Adjusted mean difference in leptin was calculated using regression model. Results: Cord leptin showed moderate correlation with birthweight (r=0.16; P=0.027) across the groups. Mean (SD) cord serum leptin levels (ng/mL) of study group was 19.79 (13.32), in comparison to 21.4 (13.4) of SGA (P=0.497), and 27.70 (13.96) of term AGA (P=0.002). Maternal occupational tobacco exposure contributed to significant decrease in cord leptin (adjusted mean difference (95%CI): −4.5 ng/mL (−8.82, −0.19); P=0.041). Conclusion: Maternal occupational tobacco exposure causes significant reduction in fetal leptin levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An extracellular lipase with 23,666.66 U/ml/min activity was produced by Aspergillus tamarii JGIF06 under submerged fermentation in mineral salt medium containing coconut oil (2.5 % v/v), tryptone (2 % w/v) and ammonium chloride (2 % w/v), with initial pH of 5 ± 0.2, incubated at 25 °C for 7 days on a rotary shaker at 120 rpm. A 7.9-fold increase in lipase-specific activity was recorded after purification by DEAE Sepharose ion exchange and Sephadex G200 column chromatography. The apparent molecular mass of this enzyme was revealed as 50 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimal lipase activity was recorded at pH 4 and 37 °C. The enzyme revealed broad specificity towards different vegetable oils. The K and V of the lipase on olive oil was found to be 330.4 mg and 53,690 U/ml/min, respectively. The lipase activity was stable in the presence of surfactants such as cetrimonium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulphate and Tween 80, and metal ions and reagents such as Ca, Ba and 2-mercaptoethanol. However, the activity was greatly reduced in the presence of organic solvents such as chloroform. The stain removal potential of the crude lipase was determined on polycotton fabric pieces stained with peanut oil. Lipase added to cold water alone significantly enhanced the removal of stain by 152 %. The addition of lipase also improved the stain removal efficiency of a commercially available detergent in the presence of either cold (25 ± 2 °C) or hot (65 ± 2 °C) water. The current findings suggest the potentiality of this enzyme for energy-efficient biocatalytic application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epichaperome is a new cancer target composed of hyperconnected networks of chaperome members that facilitate cell survival. Cancers with an altered chaperone configuration may be susceptible to epichaperome inhibitors. We developed a flow cytometry-based assay for evaluation and monitoring of epichaperome abundance at the single cell level, with the goal of prospectively identifying patients likely to respond to epichaperome inhibitors, to measure target engagement, and dependency during treatment. As proof of principle, we describe a patient with an unclassified myeloproliferative neoplasm harboring a novel PML-SYK fusion, who progressed to acute myeloid leukemia despite chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplant. The leukemia was identified as having high epichaperome abundance. We obtained compassionate access to an investigational epichaperome inhibitor, PU-H71. After 16 doses, the patient achieved durable complete remission. These encouraging results suggest that further investigation of epichaperome inhibitors in patients with abundant baseline epichaperome levels is warranted.

Background: Serratiopeptidase is an alkaline metalloendopeptidase, which acquired wide significance because of its therapeutic applications. The present study was undertaken for purification, characterization, and structural elucidation of serratiopeptidase produced from Streptomyces hydrogenans var. MGS13., Result: The crude enzyme was purified by precipitating with ammonium sulfate, dialysis, and Sephadex gel filtration, resulting in 34% recovery with a 12% purification fold. The purified enzyme S.AMP13 was spotted as a single clear hydrolytic band on casein zymogram and whose molecular weight was found to be 32 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The inhibitor and stability studies revealed that this enzyme is metalloprotease, thermostable, and alkaline in nature. The maximum serratiopeptidase activity was observed at 37 °C and pH 9.0. The partial amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme S.AMP13 by LC-MS/MS analysis shows the closest sequence similarities with previously reported alkaline metalloendopeptidases. The amino acid sequence alignment of S.AMP13 shared a conserved C-terminus region with peptidase-M10 serralysin superfamily at amino acid positions 128-147, i.e., ANLSTRATDTVYGFNSTAGR revealed that this enzyme is a serralysin-like protease. The kinetic studies of the purified enzyme revealed a K m of 1 mg/mL for its substrate casein and V max of 319 U/mL/min. The 3D structure of the purified enzyme was modeled by using SWISS-MODEL, and the quality of the structure was authenticated by assessing the Ramachandran plot using PROCHECK server, which suggested that the enzyme was stable with good quality., Conclusion: Inhibitor, stability, electrophoretic, and bioinformatic studies suggested that the purified enzyme obtained from S. hydrogenans var. MGS13 is a serralysin-like protease.