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Background: The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 imposed significant shifts in global health, particularly in understanding and addressing anxiety disorders precipitated by pandemic-related stressors. The current study aimed to adapt and validate the COVID-19 Anxiety Questionnaire (C-19 A) for Arabic-speaking populations (C-19 A-A), assessing its structural integrity, concurrent validity, factorial validity, and reliability. Methods: The data of 571 individuals, including age range, educational history, gender, and marital status, were collected through online platforms. The translation process of C-19 A-A underwent rigorous verification by linguistic and subject matter experts. Several advanced statistical procedures were used to examine the C-19 A-A's reliability, validity, and measurement invariances across demographic subsets. Results: The results indicated robust internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.889, confirming the questionnaire's reliability. Concurrent validity showed significant and positive correlations between C-19-A and FCV-19S (r = 0.77, p < 0.000). EFA revealed a dominant factor explaining 60.4% of the variance, bolstering the questionnaire's factorial validity. CFA further validated the model's adequacy across different demographic groups. Specifically, demographic factors such as age, gender, and educational level showed distinct patterns of COVID-19-related anxiety. Conclusion: The validated Arabic version of the C-19 A-A represents a pivotal tool for assessing pandemic-induced anxiety within Arabic-speaking communities. Its deployment enables targeted identification of vulnerable individuals, facilitating tailored health interventions and informing clinical strategies. This research underscores the pivotal role of culturally attuned assessment instruments in shaping effective public health responses and therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating the psychological sequelae of global health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The reliability and validity of the traditional Chinese version of the Cancer Survivors' Self-Efficacy Scale (CS-SES-TC) has not been assessed. Objective: To assess the psychometric properties of the Traditional Chinese version of the CS-SES-TC. Methods: Participants were recruited from the outpatient departments of a hospital in Taiwan. A single questionnaire was administered to 300 genitourinary cancer survivors. The scales included in the initial questionnaire were the CS-SES-TC, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General scale (FACT-G). Data obtained from 300 survivors were used to confirm the structure through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: The CFA results indicate that the 11-item CS-SES-TC is consistent with the original scale. Furthermore, it was identified as a unidimensional scale, with the model showing acceptable goodness-of-fit (CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.97). The factor loading of each item in the CS-SES-TC was above 0.6 and had convergent validity. Based on multiple-group CFA testing, the change (ΔCFI) between the unconstrained and constrained models was ≤ 0.01, indicating that measurement invariance holds for gender. The participants' CS-SES-TC scores were positively correlated with their FACT-G scores and negatively correlated with their CES-D scores. The scales exhibited concurrent validity and discriminant validity. The CS-SES-TC had a Cronbach's α in the range of.97–.98. Conclusion: The CS-SES-TC had acceptable reliability and validity. Healthcare workers can use this scale for ongoing assessment of the cancer-related self-efficacy of cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The present study aimed to explore the suitability of the vocabulary knowledge (VOC) test as an accurate and reliable proxy of cognitive reserve (CR) by evaluating its psychometric properties and discrimination accuracy compared with other CR measures in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Sixty-eight consecutive people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), followed at our MS outpatient clinic, completed a clinical evaluation and neuropsychological assessment including: VOC, Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB-N), Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq), Beck Depression Inventory-II, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Reliability, convergent and divergent validity, and discrimination accuracy of the VOC were assessed using educational level as reference standard. The possible effects of sociodemographic and clinical factors on VOC and their role in predicting global cognitive status were also explored. Results: VOC demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.894) and adequate construct validity. It showed an acceptable level of discrimination between pwMS with high and low CR, comparable to the CRIq score. Education strongly affected VOC scores, which in turn were independent of MS features. VOC emerged as an independent predictor of global cognitive status together with MS-related disability. Conclusion: We demonstrated the validity of VOC as a reliable CR measure in pwMS. Thus, CR may also be estimated using fixed objective measures, independent of brain pathology and clinical features. Early CR estimation may help clinicians identify pwMS at a higher risk of cognitive decline and plan strict neuropsychological monitoring and cognitive interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trust is important for a range of societal outcomes. Despite its significance, there is considerable debate about how best to measure trust. In the context of a newly developed measure of generalized trust—the Stranger Face Trust scale (SFT)—this study evaluates whether different features of survey scales affect the reliability and validity of SFT, which relies on the standard 4-point unipolar scale used by many survey institutes. In a survey experiment conducted with a non-probability sample of U.S. adults (N = 4252), we randomly assigned intensity scale midpoints, polarity, and "don't know" options to SFT. Results indicate that 7- and 9-point bipolar scales without a "don't know" option slightly outperform all other scales on some psychometric tests, particularly those related to formal properties of the scales and factorial validity, but not on psychometric tests assessing survey environment or convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional, cognitive, and behavioral dysregulation is a risk factor for severe outcomes, calling for reliable measures to assess it, including the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Dysregulation Profile (SDQ-DP) defined by 5 or 15 items. This study explored for the first time the factor structure, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability of the SDQ-DPs teacher-report in a sample of Italian children (N = 1000; age 7–12 years). The gender invariance of the SDQ-DPs, construct validity, and associations with school variables were also evaluated. A first-order model for the SDQ-DP 5-item and a bifactor model for the SDQ-DP 15-item best fitted the data. Full measurement invariance across gender was confirmed only for the 15-item scale. Internal and test-retest reliabilities were weaker for the 5-item scale. Both SDQ-DPs were similarly associated with a measure of emotion regulation skills and some school variables. This study provides indications for a more conscious use of the two scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many constructs in management studies, such as perceptions, personalities, attitudes, and behavioral intentions, are not directly observable. Typically, empirical studies measure such constructs using established scales with multiple indicators. When the scales are used in a different population, the items are translated into other languages or revised to adapt to other populations, it is essential for researchers to report the quality of measurement scales before using them to test hypotheses. Researchers commonly report the quality of these measurement scales based on Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis results. However, these results are usually inadequate and sometimes inappropriate. Moreover, researchers rarely consider sampling errors for these psychometric quality measures. In this best practice paper, we first critically review the most frequently-used approaches in empirical studies to evaluate the quality of measurement scales when using structural equation modeling. Next, we recommend best practices in assessing reliability, convergent and discriminant validity based on multiple criteria and taking sampling errors into consideration. Then, we illustrate with numerical examples the application of a specifically-developed R package, measureQ, that provides a one-stop solution for implementing the recommended best practices and a template for reporting the results. measureQ is easy to implement, even for those new to R. Our overall aim is to provide a best-practice reference for future authors, reviewers, and editors in reporting and reviewing the quality of measurement scales in empirical management studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the construct validity and reliability of the adapted version of the Cyberbullying Inventory for College Students for use in the Chilean university context. This measure includes 4 scales that evaluate participation in the phenomenon of cyberbullying in different roles. In addition, we analyzed the prevalence of cyberbullying and characterized experiences of cyberbullying among students. In total, 256 students (Mage= 20.25; SD = 2.24) from a Chilean university participated in this study. The results showed the one-dimensional plausibility of each of the scales and goodness-of-fit indices in conformity with the psychometric parameters. The reliability values (α and ω) ranged from 0.91 to 0.99. The results showed that 68.7% of respondents were victims, 31.2% were aggressors, 70.3% were observers of victims, and 28.5% were observers of aggressors. We also found that male students who did not live with their parents and urban residents were more involved as victims, aggressors, observers of victims and observers of aggressors. The findings highlight the importance of measures with good psychometric indicators to evaluate cyberbullying. Furthermore, university students' experiences of cyberbullying underline the urgency of policies and intervention programs in university contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To translate, validate and test the reliability of Kannada version of "EORTC QLQ-H&N43" and "NCCN Distress Thermometer and Problem list" version 2.2022. The English version of "EORTC QLQ H&N43" and "NCCN Distress thermometer and Problem List" version 2.2022 tools were translated into Kannada language according to standard guideline. The translated version was validated by EORTC and by using content validity index (CVI). Further, the reliability of validated tools was established via test–retest and internal consistency method whereas construct was determined via spearman rank correlation. The Cronbach alpha value > 0.7 and correlation coefficients (ρ) < 0.05 was considered as significant. The Kannada version of "EORTC QLQ-H&N43" was validated by EORTC as well as by experts whereas NCCN distress tool was validated only by experts with average CVI score of 1 and 0.97 respectively. Out of total 80 patients, 50% were head and neck cancer (HNC) patients and 50% belonged to other cancer types. Kannada version of EORTC QLQ-H&N43 and NCCN distress tool was found to be reliable among HNC and general cancer patients respectively with the Cronbach alpha value between 0.819–1 and 0.71–1 for all the domains. Further, only 7.72% of EORTC QLQ-H&N43 and 13.33% of NCCN distress tool construct were significantly correlated with construct of EORTC QLQ-C30 (p < 0.05). The Kannada version of QoL and distress instrument was found to be valid and reliable to use among HNC and/ general cancer patients respectively. Thus, this method of translation, validation and reliability testing can be used as a novel practice in healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tested the psychometric properties of the Sense of Belonging in STEM Scale (SOB-STEM), a new scale measuring students' subjective evaluation of their academic and social experiences in STEM learning contexts, primarily focusing on purposeful interpersonal interactions. Data from 758 college students were analyzed, yielding several key results. Internal consistency reliability of the SOB-STEM was fairly strong (⍶ = 0.801). Convergent validity was supported, with the SOB-STEM correlating moderately (r = 0.49, p < 0.01) with the University Environment Scale. Implications for STEM teaching, program reform, and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present multi-study work presents a new self-report measure of meaning in life in the context of situational life experiences. Study 1 presents the development of the Situational Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMILE), a six-item measure that integrates the three content-dimensions (comprehension, significance and purpose) and the two process-dimensions (presence and search) of meaning in life. The scale is provided with a situational anchor that can be easily adapted to different event- and time-related situations. Two empirical studies examined the psychometric properties of the SMILE measure. Study 2 involved an Italian representative sample of 3035 individuals (51.6% female; Mage= 48.3, range= 18-91, SD= 14.03). Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the theorized structure of the scale and provided evidence of good internal consistency collected with McDonald's Omega, generalizability across gender and age was established by measurement invariance, and criterion validity evidence was obtained by correlations with measures of well-being. Study 3 was conducted on a sample of 283 Italian emerging and young adults (76% female; Mage= 26; range= 19-36; SD= 4.09). Results confirmed the SMILE's structure and internal consistency and added evidence of convergent and incremental validity by conducting a series of hierarchical regressions to test the predictive power of the SMILE over the Meaning in Life Questionnaire on well-being measures. Findings provided evidence of the psychometric properties of the SMILE as a valid and reliable measure of situational meaning in life. Suggestions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the lack of research involving psychological monitors' listening competency, the study aims to construct a preliminary model of listening competency and develop the Psychological Monitors' Listening Competency Questionnaire in College (PMLCQC). The data of 349 open questionnaires and 21 interview reports were coded and analyzed by using NVivo 11.0 software, and a preliminary structural model of psychological monitors' listening competency in college was constructed to form the initial questionnaire. The initial questionnaire was then distributed online to psychological monitors of a university in Tianjin, and 625 valid questionnaires were collected. The data obtained from the initial test were analyzed by using SPSS 22.0 for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis of the initial questionnaire, and the questionnaire items were progressively screened to obtain a formal questionnaire. Then 504 psychological monitors responded to the formal questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using AMOS 21.0 for confirmatory factor analysis, and SPSS 22.0 for reliability/validity analysis. PMLCQC has 38 items, including seven dimensions which are grasping of contents, inclusiveness and acceptance, nonverbal aiding, responsiveness and feedback, preference for listening willingness, observing and focusing on hints, and uninterruption. The result of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the seven-factor structural model had a good construct validity (χ2/df = 2.27, CFI = 0.91, IFI = 0.91, TLI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.050). The Psychological Monitors' Listening Competency Questionnaire in College has good reliability and validity and can be used for the assessment of psychological monitors in college. By rearranging the initials of the seven dimensions, we have named this model of psychological monitors' listening competency in college as POURING Listening Model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Children aged 8–10 are in a critical stage of growth and development, facing complex and specific oral health problems. In China, there is no specific assessment questionnaire for this age group. The Child Perception Questionnare 8 ~ 10 (CPQ8~10) has been widely used in many countries, with good reliability and validity. This study aimed to translate the CPQ8~10 into Chinese and assess its reliability and validity, and ascertain its applicability for 8–10-year-old children in China. Materials and methods: Brislin's translation model was used in developing the Chinese version of CPQ8~10. Internal consistency, retest reliability, criterion validity, and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the CPQ8~10 among 494 8 ~ 10-year-old children in China. Results: A Chinese version of the CPQ8~10, aligned with Chinese culture and social features, was developed. The criterion validity was 0.719 (P < 0.001). The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) for the Chinese version of the CPQ8~10 were 0.80 ~ 1.00 and 0.968, respectively. Factor analysis revealed a logical relationship among the items in the Chinese version of the CPQ8~10. The Cronbach′s α coefficient, retest reliability, and Guttman split-half reliability coefficient for the Chinese version of the CPQ8~10 were 0.819, 0.830, and 0.849, respectively. Conclusions: The Chinese version of the CPQ8~10 exhibited a structure consistent with the original questionnaire, displaying good reliability and validity. This study facilitates the application of CPQ8~10 in China. Clinical relevance: The Chinese version of the CPQ8~10 is a brief and suitable tool to evaluate oral health-related quality of life of 8 ~ 10-year-old children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To analyze the psychometric properties of the Niigata Questionnaire (NPQ) for use in a European population with persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD). Methods: Observational study included 140 patients with different vestibular conditions. Construct validity, internal consistency and concurrent validity were analyzed. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to test diagnostic values. Results: Of the 140 patients, 47 had a diagnosis of PPPD. Factorial analysis showed a single-factor structure and concurrent validity analysis showed strong correlations with other instruments. Cronbach alpha coefficients of 0.938 for the total score, 0.869 for the standing and gait subscale, 0.803 for the subscale of movements and 0.852 for the visual stimulation subscale were obtained. The reproducibility was substantial except for the standing subscale, which could be considered moderate. For the standing, movement and visual stimulation subscales and for the total score, the SEM was 3.27, 2.41, 2.50 and 6.63, respectively, and the MDC was 6.40, 4.72, 4.91 and 12.99, respectively. The NPQ total score showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.661, a sensitivity of 72.34 and a specificity of 55.91 for discriminating between PPPD and other vestibular disorders. Conclusions: The NPQ is feasible for use in a Western population and presents a uni-factorial structure, high internal consistency and strong correlation with other instruments. The reliability can be considered substantial. The NPQ has low accuracy in discriminating between subjects with or without PPPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with stroke need complete care due to physical and mental problems and prevention of exacerbation of symptoms. The quality of life of caregivers of these patients is affected by full-time care. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the adult carers quality of life questionnaire (AC-QoL) on stroke caregivers. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the original scale was translated as forward-backward method. Face and content validity were performed qualitatively. In construct validity, 358 caregivers with a mean age of 36.32 ± 8.42 years were included in the study. Exploratory factor analysis was performed by maximum likelihood method and Promax rotation. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's alpha and McDonald omega coefficients. Results: In exploratory factor analysis, 7 factors were extracted of caring choice, sense of value, personal growth, support of caring, ability to care, money matter and carer satisfaction extracted, which together explained 41.04% of the total variance. The alpha coefficient of all items was 0.899. Cronbach alpha and McDonald omega coefficients for all dimensions of the questionnaire were above 0.7. Conclusions: The Persian version of the AC-QoL is valid for caregivers of patients with stroke and can be used in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The VMIQ-2 has been proven a valid and useful psychometric tool to measure the ability of vividness of movement imagery in sports. However, no validity study has been reported in Greek. The purpose of the present study was to examine the validity and reliability of the VMIQ-2 into Greek in adult athletes derived from various sports activities and different athletic levels. The VMIQ-2-GR (n = 160) was examined for translation, construct and discriminant validity, and also for internal consistency and test–retest reliability. CFA did not show acceptable global fit indices and only the index of (x2/df) showed an acceptable fit. The resulting factors of the EFA highlighted the discrepancy between the Greek version and the original version of the VMIQ-2. The results of the discriminant validity confirmed that the VMIQ-2-GR was well discriminated between subgroups of athletes and, therefore, showed a good discriminant validity. The Cronbach a coefficient was excellent at both measurements (> 0.92 in all cases for all factors). The Spearman rho correlation coefficients were statistically significant (< 0.001) with values > 0.47. The findings of the VMIQ-2–GR suggest that it is a valid and reliable tool and it can be used by sports psychologists, sports physiotherapists, coaches and researchers who aim to apply MI in the Greek athletic population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presurgical psychological assessment of bariatric surgery candidates aims to identify psychosocial risk factors and provide treatment recommendations to facilitate optimal outcomes. Such assessment typically includes psychometric testing and a clinical interview. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) has been commonly used as a broadband measure to assess a number of psychosocial domains in bariatric clinics. The newest version of the MMPI, the MMPI-3, was recently released. This study sought to (1) establish whether the MMPI-3 is comparable to the MMPI-2-RF in a sample of patients seeking bariatric surgery, (2) report reliability data for all MMPI-3 scale scores in this sample, and (3) explore associations between commonly used self-report symptom measures and substantive scales of the MMPI-3 to ascertain convergent and discriminant validity patterns. Six hundred and thirty-five presurgical patients completed the MMPI-3 in addition to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C), and Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q). The majority (79.1%) of the sample was female, 65.5% was white, and 26.6% was Black. Scores on most of the MMPI-3 Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction scales were meaningfully associated with the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and most EDE-Q subscales (except for Restraint). Meaningful discriminant patterns were observed as well. We conclude that the substantive scales of the MMPI-3 are reliable, comparable to their MMPI-2-RF counterparts, and evidence good convergent validity with extra-test measures assessing depression, anxiety, alcohol use, and eating disorder psychopathology in a preoperative bariatric sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Screener for Substance and Behavioural Addictions (SSBA) was recently developed to measure addiction risk across a wide range of substances and behaviours in adult populations. University students are also a high-risk population for developing substance and behavioural additions. This study assessed the reliability, validity, and predictive utility of the SSBA in a sample of 656 university students. Participants completed the SSBA and external screening instruments for the target substances and behaviours. The SSBA demonstrated good-to-excellent convergent validity and internal consistency across all substance and behaviours. Selected cut-points also showed good sensitivity and specificity. Overall, the SSBA provides an accurate and reliable measure of addiction risk across a range substances and behaviours in university students. It may be an effective tool for identifying university students at-risk for developing addiction problems, and who would benefit from further clinical assessment. Implications and future directions of the SSBA are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: A well-defined and reliable patient-reported outcome instrument for COVID-19 is important for assessing symptom severity and supporting research studies. The InFLUenza Patient-Reported Outcome (FLU-PRO) instrument has been expanded to include loss of taste and smell in the FLU-PRO Plus, to comprehensively cover COVID-19 symptoms. Our studies were designed to evaluate and validate the FLU-PRO Plus among patients with COVID-19. Methods: Two studies were conducted: (1) a qualitative, non-interventional, cross-sectional study of patients with COVID-19 involving hybrid concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing interviews; (2) a psychometric evaluation of the measurement properties of FLU-PRO Plus, using data from COMET-ICE (COVID-19 Monoclonal antibody Efficacy Trial—Intent to Care Early). Results: In the qualitative interviews (n = 30), all 34 items of the FLU-PRO Plus were considered relevant to COVID-19, and participants determined the questionnaire was easily understood, well written, and comprehensive. In the psychometric evaluation (n = 845), the internal consistency reliability of FLU-PRO Plus total score was 0.94, ranging from 0.71 to 0.90 for domain scores. Reproducibility (Day 20–21) was 0.83 for total score, with domain scores of 0.67–0.89. Confirmatory factor analysis with the novel smell/taste domain demonstrated an acceptable fit to the data. Conclusion: The content, reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the FLU-PRO Plus in the COVID-19 population were supported. Our results suggest that FLU-PRO Plus is a content- and psychometrically-valid, fit-for-purpose measure which is easily understood by patients. FLU-PRO Plus is a suitable PRO measure for evaluating symptoms of COVID-19 and treatment benefit directly from the patient perspective. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.Gov: NCT04545060, September 10, 2020; retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, with the rapid development of the internet and the gradual promotion of online collaborative learning, the social regulation of learning is receiving increasing attention, which involves socially shared metacognition, one facet of social metacognition. To date, social regulation of learning or socially shared metacognition have been widely studied using qualitative approaches. Although a variety of scales have been developed to measure metacognition in traditional individual learning, little work has been done to develop a scale to measure social metacognition in collaborative learning contexts. This study originally developed a social metacognition inventory consisting of 24 indicators by referring to the literature for assessing beliefs of other persons (BOP), awareness of other persons' thinking (AOPT), judgment of other persons' emotions (JOPE), co-regulation of each other's thinking (CREOT), and evaluation of other persons' thinking (EOPT). After EFA using 218 undergraduates' questionnaires of social metacognition in collaborative argumentation on a social psychological issue from a Sino-Foreign Cooperative Educational Institution, 17 indicators showed good factorability and reliability. After CFA using another 300 questionnaires on social metacognition in collaborative argumentation about the pandemic received from undergraduates who come from 52 countries in the International College of Education, among the 17 indicators derived from the first sample's EFA, three indicators had high correlation with others. Finally, based on the reviews of three experts, these three indicators were deleted. The remaining 14 indicators formed good construct validity with acceptable convergent and discriminant validities. In addition, the multi-group invariance test demonstrated that the structural model of the Social Metacognition Inventory has better configural invariance, which indicates that it can be generalized to other online collaborative argumentation contexts. The Social Metacognition Inventory can be used to quantify social metacognition in online collaborative argumentation when administering a large-scale experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Box and Block Test (BBT) has been widely used to assess gross upper extremity (UE) motor function. We designed a haptic-feedback virtual reality (VR) system, named the VBBT, to improve the BBT for more specific assessments. The VBBT task required users to move virtual blocks from one compartment of a virtual box to the other within one minute. The focus of this pilot study was to examine the validity, reliability and motivation of the novel assessment. Totally, 113 healthy subjects and 16 post-stroke patients were recruited for a thorough evaluation. We found that scores of the BBT and VBBT were significantly correlated, both of which declined as participants' age. The normative ranges of kinematic metrics in different age groups were used to identify deficiencies in UE motor function involving smoothness, hand dexterity and motion efficiency. Also, a significant correlation between the VBBT and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) (|r|≥ 0.56) indicated concurrent validity of the novel assessment. Test–retest results indicated that the VBBT assessment had high reliability (ICCs = 0.62–0.80). The Intrinsic Motivation Inventory results showed that the VBBT was given higher scores for the enjoyment (p < 0.05) and completion effort (p < 0.05) than that for the BBT, indicating patients have greater motivation in the VBBT assessment. In conclusion, the VBBT can provide validated, reliable and motivative assessment for UE motor function with kinematic metrics. It suggests that the haptic-feedback VR contributes to the BBT in specific assessments of UE motor function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The child anxiety impact scale-parent version (CAIS-P) is a useful measure to assess the impact of anxiety on a child's daily life; however, a Japanese version of the CAIS-P has not been developed, and whether the CAIS-P can be utilized in Eastern countries remains unascertained. The purpose of this study was to develop a Japanese version of the CAIS-P and examine its reliability and validity. Parents of 400 children (aged 7 to 15 years) from the Japanese community completed the CAIS-P. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the factor structure of the original CAIS-P, consisting of school activity, social activity, and home/family activity factors, provided a good fit for the Japanese version of the CAIS-P. Estimated Spearman's correlation coefficients showed moderate correlations between the total and factor scores of the CAIS-P, anxiety symptoms (Spence Child Anxiety Scale-parent version), and depressive symptoms (Child Depression Inventory). Furthermore, the item response theory model revealed that each factor of the CAIS-P is a high information reliable measure for children with high trait anxiety. These results provide support for the Japanese version of the CAIS-P's factorial validity, convergent validity, and reliability and its potential for application in child anxiety research in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the psychometric properties of the Mental Health Continuum Short-Form (MHC-SF) as a multi-dimensional measure of positive mental health, in a large, gender-balanced population-based sample. The sample was 2887 participants in New Zealand. 50.7% were females, and the average age was 50.87 (SD = 17.58). Construct validity was examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the MHC-SF and tests of convergent validity. Measurement invariance and latent mean differences across gender, age, and ethnicity were also investigated. To measure reliability, internal consistency was assessed. Analyses supported the correlated three-factor structure of the MHC-SF (emotional, psychological and social well-being) (RMSEA =.053; CFI =.95; SRMR =.035). Configural invariance was supported across gender, age and ethnicity. Scalar invariance was supported across gender, and partial scalar invariance was supported across age and ethnicity. Convergent validity of the scale was supported. The scale and each sub-scale had internal consistency coefficients above.70. Results confirm well-being as a multi-dimensional construct and the MHC-SF as an appropriate instrument to measure positive mental health for individuals and the population in New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to provide a reliable and valid instrument in Hindi for measuring gratitude in the Indian context. Psychometric properties of the translated Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6) were analyzed in two studies. In the first study, 448 adults (Mage = 36.47) completed the Hindi version of GQ-6 with demographic questions. Participants were split into two groups for conducting exploratory (EEA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), respectively. The EFA indicated a one-factor solution (α =.74) with five items. The CFA showed the five-item version (GQ-5) fit the data better than the original instrument (GQ-6). Measurement invariance was investigated across gender using the whole dataset. Configural and scalar invariance were supported. In the second study, participants were 211 adults who completed the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE), Gratitude Adjective Checklist (GAC), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) along with previous instruments. The CFA replicated a one-factor structure with five-items. The instrument showed adequate evidence of convergent validity with GAC, discriminant validity with life satisfaction and joy, and nomological validity. In conclusion, the Hindi GQ-5 is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing gratitude in Hindi speaking population in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study assessed LENA's suitability as a tool for monitoring future language interventions by evaluating its reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity in infants learning Hebrew and Arabic, across low and high levels of maternal education. Participants were 32 infants aged 3 to 11 months (16 in each language) and their mothers, whose socioeconomic status (SES) was determined based on their years of education (H-high or L-low ME-maternal education). The results showed (1) good reliability for the LENA's automatic count on adult word count (AWC), conversational turns (CTC), and infant vocalizations (CVC), based on the positive associations and fair to excellent agreement between the manual and automatic counts; (2) good construct validity based on significantly higher counts for HME vs. LME and positive associations between LENA's automatic vocal assessment (AVA) and developmental questionnaire (DA) and age; and (3) good concurrent criterion validity based on the positive associations between the LENA counts for CTC, CVC, AVA, and DA and the scores on the preverbal parent questionnaire (PRISE). The present study supports the use of LENA in early intervention programs for infants whose families speak Hebrew or Arabic. The LENA could be used to monitor the efficacy of these programs as well as to provide feedback to parents on the amount of language experience their infants are getting and their progress in vocal production. The results also indicate a potential utility of LENA in assessing linguistic environments and interactions in Hebrew- and Arabic-speaking infants with developmental disorders, such as hearing impairment and cerebral palsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As depression has become a major disease burden in Malaysia, an easy-to-use tool with good psychometric qualities is urgently needed to facilitate the screening process. The current study aimed to investigate the psychometric qualities of the 5-item World Health Organization Well-being Index (WHO-5) and the optimal cut-off point for depression screening in the Malaysian context. A total of 610 undergraduate students answered an online survey consisting of the English version of the WHO-5 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the single-factor model. The present study found the WHO-5 had a good reliability and concurrent validity. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that ≤13 was the optimal threshold with acceptable sensitivity and specificity to detect depression. This study concludes the WHO-5 is a brief, valid, and reliable depression screening tool among young adults in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript reports the development and validation of the three-dimensional Grit Scale (3-D Grit Scale). The psychometric measure developed has three factors, Perseverance-Commitment (PC), Interest-Passion (IP), and Goal-directed Resilience (GR) through a series of five studies; study 1 (n = 409) for item analysis, study 2 (n = 334) for exploratory factor analysis, study 3 (n = 514) for confirmatory factor analysis and study 4 (n = 214) and 5 (n = 107) to assess the validity. The sample included students and working professionals aged between 18 and 25, residing in different parts of India. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the scale excellently fits in the three-correlated factor model and the two-level hierarchical model indexing grit as a total of three first-order factors. The final 17-item 3-D Grit Scale showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.86), and split-half reliability (Spearman-brown = 0.80, Guttman = 0.80). Validation studies showed that the scores of the 3-D Grit Scale were moderately correlated with (a) 12 item grit scale (Duckworth et al., 2007) and the brief resilience scale (smith et al., 2008), indicating good concurrent and convergent validities (b) conscientiousness revealing that both the constructs are mutually exclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study was to establish reliability and validity evidence of a simple procedure to measuring conceptual knowledge, the Concept Retrieval Technique (CRT). The CRT procedure requires test takers to freely retrieve concepts from memory they feel are relevant to a given topic, with raters awarding one mark for each correctly retrieved concept when matched against a target word list. Four studies were conducted. In Study 1 (N = 73), inter-rater agreement for the marking procedure of the CRT was determined by means of Cohen's kappa. The kappa was κ =.85. Study 2 (N = 164) explored how consistent inter-rater agreement was across different subjects, age groups, and raters. Mean kappa was κ =.92 suggesting that the CRT can reliably be marked. Study 3 was concerned with establishing the convergent and discriminant validity of the CRT (N = 55). The correlation between the CRT scores and scores on essay-type items was r =.69 and between assessments that measured other ability domains r =.04 to.21 (n.s.). In Study 4, an experiment was conducted to determine the construct validity of the CRT (N = 45). Participants either acquired, or did not acquire, new knowledge of a particular topic and this manipulation was consistently reflected in their CRT scores. The results of the studies suggest that the CRT is a reliable and valid procedure to measure conceptual knowledge. Implications for education are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evidence the validity and reliability of the Ecuadorian version of the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, one of the most studied concepts of positive psychology. The adaptation process included translation and semantic and idiomatic validation. For content validation, an expert review and focus group were conducted. The questionnaire was applied to 2423 workers in Ecuador with a mean age of 37 years (SD = 9.04), and 65.6% were women. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the validity of the scale's dimensionality. The reliability and convergent and discriminant validity were also evaluated. In order to investigate the best solution for an Ecuadorian version of the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, four structural models were assessed. The unidimensional solution was the most adequate structure for the scale. The internal consistency of the scale was adequate. The Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS) was developed to assess this positive psychological state and has been the most used tool in many contexts. To our knowledge, this study is the first to adapt the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale into the Ecuadorian context and evaluate its validity. The findings support its reliability, factorial, and construct validity in the Ecuadorian context. Furthermore, the results show that dispositional hope acts as a protective factor, promoting work engagement and preventing burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deficits in oral reading fluency (ORF) impair reading comprehension and tend to persevere throughout schooling. Therefore, the assessment and monitoring of the students' performance in ORF across time should be routinely performed to guide the instruction and intervention. The goal of this work was to develop and validate a test of ORF for Portuguese students from grades 1 to 6 (TAF – Teste de Avaliação da Fluência) that includes specific test forms for each grade level with equated scores that allow comparison across multiple assessment points. In study 1 (N = 1166), the chained equipercentile equating method was performed to equate the test forms' scores horizontally and vertically. The tests of differences performed using the equated scores indicated that they were similar within the same grade level but increased significantly across grade levels. In study 2 (N = 549), reliability and validity evidence for the test forms was collected. Test–retest correlations were higher than.90, suggesting a high stability of the scores. Significant correlations between the TAF scores and the ones obtained in other reading tests, teachers' judgments, and school outcomes, were obtained, thus providing evidence of validity for the developed test forms. This instrument allows not only interindividual comparisons but also the assessment of intra-individual changes in ORF across time or as a result of intervention programs, while avoiding learning effects that arise when the same measure is administered multiple times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and hypothesis: The Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ) was developed and validated to assess women's knowledge regarding etiology, diagnosis and treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary incontinence (UI). We aimed to translate and validate a Thai version of the PIKQ to use as a tool to evaluate knowledge of POP and UI among Thai-speaking women. Methods: The English PIKQ, which comprises the PIKQ-POP and PIKQ-UI sections, was translated into Thai. Psychometric properties of the final version of the Thai PIKQ were tested for content validity, construct validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability among 168 women attending a gynecology clinic and 150 nurses. Results: Regarding content validity of the final Thai PIKQ, the number of missing items was 0. Participants in the nurse group were more likely than those in the patient group to select the correct answer for all items for the POP scale and UI scale (P < 0.001). For internal consistency testing, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.745 for the PIKQ-POP and 0.754 for the PIKQ-UI scales, suggesting that the items had relatively high internal consistency. The item-total correlation values ranged from 0.204 to 0.539, showing an adequate correlation of each item with the scale overall. The correlation coefficients between the test and retest for PIKQ-POP and PIKQ-UI were 0.685 and 0.735, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The Thai PIKQ is a simple instrument which shows good validity and high reliability and could be a useful tool for assessing knowledge regarding POP and UI in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated hiring systems are among the fastest-developing of all high-stakes AI systems. Among these are algorithmic personality tests that use insights from psychometric testing, and promise to surface personality traits indicative of future success based on job seekers' resumes or social media profiles. We interrogate the validity of such systems using stability of the outputs they produce, noting that reliability is a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for validity. Crucially, rather than challenging or affirming the assumptions made in psychometric testing — that personality is a meaningful and measurable construct, and that personality traits are indicative of future success on the job — we frame our audit methodology around testing the underlying assumptions made by the vendors of the algorithmic personality tests themselves. Our main contribution is the development of a socio-technical framework for auditing the stability of algorithmic systems. This contribution is supplemented with an open-source software library that implements the technical components of the audit, and can be used to conduct similar stability audits of algorithmic systems. We instantiate our framework with the audit of two real-world personality prediction systems, namely, Humantic AI and Crystal. The application of our audit framework demonstrates that both these systems show substantial instability with respect to key facets of measurement, and hence cannot be considered valid testing instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To discern the religious coping methods which individuals employ when confronting life stressors, Pargament devised the Religious Coping Scale (RCOPE) in 1997. Subsequently, in 1998, Pargament et al. formulated an abbreviated iteration, the Brief RCOPE, intended for both research and practical application. The Brief RCOPE has been found to be a reliable and valid measure, however much of the research looking into the psychometric properties of this measure has been conducted in the United States. The aim of the current review was to draw together findings from studies which have investigated the reliability and/or validity of the measure amongst populations outside of the United States. A narrative approach was adopted, involving searches of academic databases using keywords and the application of specific inclusion criteria. It was found that the reliability of the measure has been demonstrated across a number of countries, and across a range of different religions. The measure has also demonstrated good convergent, construct and concurrent validity in diverse cultures. The findings from this review suggest that the Brief RCOPE can be used in a range of diverse religions and cultures. However, more research is needed to ascertain the accuracy of the measure with other religions and cultures and with those in minority groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the test-retest reliability of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy − 8 Dimension (FACT-8D) for the first time, and to conduct a head-to-head comparison of the distribution properties and validity between the FACT-8D and EQ-5D-5L in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Patients.We conducted a longitudinal study on Chinese CRC patients, employing Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) and EQ-5D-5L at baseline, and FACT-G during follow-up (2–7 days from baseline). Utility scores for FACT-8D were derived from all available value sets (Australia, Canada and USA), while EQ-5D-5L scores were obtained from corresponding value sets for various countries. We assessed convergent validity using pairwise polychoric correlations between the FACT-8D and EQ-5D-5L; known-groups validity by discriminating participants’ clinical characteristics, and effect size (ES) was tested; test-retest reliability for FACT-8D using kappa and weighted Kappa for choice consistency, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman method for utility consistency.Among the 287 patients with CRC at baseline, 131 were included in the retest analysis. The utility scores of FACT-8D were highly positively correlated with EQ-5D-5L across various country value sets (r = 0.65–0.77), and most of the dimensions of FACT-8D and EQ-5D-5L were positively correlated. EQ-5D-5L failed to discriminate known-groups in cancer stage across all value sets, whereas both were significant in FACT-8D (ES = 0.35–0.48, ES = 0.38–0.52). FACT-8D showed good test–retest reliability (Cohen’s weighted Kappa = 0.494–0.722, ICC = 0.748–0.786).The FACT-8D can be used as a valid and reliable instrument for clinical evaluation of patients with CRC, outperforming EQ-5D-5L in differentiating clinical subgroups and showing promise for cancer practice and research.Methods: To examine the test-retest reliability of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy − 8 Dimension (FACT-8D) for the first time, and to conduct a head-to-head comparison of the distribution properties and validity between the FACT-8D and EQ-5D-5L in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Patients.We conducted a longitudinal study on Chinese CRC patients, employing Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) and EQ-5D-5L at baseline, and FACT-G during follow-up (2–7 days from baseline). Utility scores for FACT-8D were derived from all available value sets (Australia, Canada and USA), while EQ-5D-5L scores were obtained from corresponding value sets for various countries. We assessed convergent validity using pairwise polychoric correlations between the FACT-8D and EQ-5D-5L; known-groups validity by discriminating participants’ clinical characteristics, and effect size (ES) was tested; test-retest reliability for FACT-8D using kappa and weighted Kappa for choice consistency, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman method for utility consistency.Among the 287 patients with CRC at baseline, 131 were included in the retest analysis. The utility scores of FACT-8D were highly positively correlated with EQ-5D-5L across various country value sets (r = 0.65–0.77), and most of the dimensions of FACT-8D and EQ-5D-5L were positively correlated. EQ-5D-5L failed to discriminate known-groups in cancer stage across all value sets, whereas both were significant in FACT-8D (ES = 0.35–0.48, ES = 0.38–0.52). FACT-8D showed good test–retest reliability (Cohen’s weighted Kappa = 0.494–0.722, ICC = 0.748–0.786).The FACT-8D can be used as a valid and reliable instrument for clinical evaluation of patients with CRC, outperforming EQ-5D-5L in differentiating clinical subgroups and showing promise for cancer practice and research.Results: To examine the test-retest reliability of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy − 8 Dimension (FACT-8D) for the first time, and to conduct a head-to-head comparison of the distribution properties and validity between the FACT-8D and EQ-5D-5L in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Patients.We conducted a longitudinal study on Chinese CRC patients, employing Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) and EQ-5D-5L at baseline, and FACT-G during follow-up (2–7 days from baseline). Utility scores for FACT-8D were derived from all available value sets (Australia, Canada and USA), while EQ-5D-5L scores were obtained from corresponding value sets for various countries. We assessed convergent validity using pairwise polychoric correlations between the FACT-8D and EQ-5D-5L; known-groups validity by discriminating participants’ clinical characteristics, and effect size (ES) was tested; test-retest reliability for FACT-8D using kappa and weighted Kappa for choice consistency, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman method for utility consistency.Among the 287 patients with CRC at baseline, 131 were included in the retest analysis. The utility scores of FACT-8D were highly positively correlated with EQ-5D-5L across various country value sets (r = 0.65–0.77), and most of the dimensions of FACT-8D and EQ-5D-5L were positively correlated. EQ-5D-5L failed to discriminate known-groups in cancer stage across all value sets, whereas both were significant in FACT-8D (ES = 0.35–0.48, ES = 0.38–0.52). FACT-8D showed good test–retest reliability (Cohen’s weighted Kappa = 0.494–0.722, ICC = 0.748–0.786).The FACT-8D can be used as a valid and reliable instrument for clinical evaluation of patients with CRC, outperforming EQ-5D-5L in differentiating clinical subgroups and showing promise for cancer practice and research.Conclusion: To examine the test-retest reliability of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy − 8 Dimension (FACT-8D) for the first time, and to conduct a head-to-head comparison of the distribution properties and validity between the FACT-8D and EQ-5D-5L in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Patients.We conducted a longitudinal study on Chinese CRC patients, employing Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) and EQ-5D-5L at baseline, and FACT-G during follow-up (2–7 days from baseline). Utility scores for FACT-8D were derived from all available value sets (Australia, Canada and USA), while EQ-5D-5L scores were obtained from corresponding value sets for various countries. We assessed convergent validity using pairwise polychoric correlations between the FACT-8D and EQ-5D-5L; known-groups validity by discriminating participants’ clinical characteristics, and effect size (ES) was tested; test-retest reliability for FACT-8D using kappa and weighted Kappa for choice consistency, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman method for utility consistency.Among the 287 patients with CRC at baseline, 131 were included in the retest analysis. The utility scores of FACT-8D were highly positively correlated with EQ-5D-5L across various country value sets (r = 0.65–0.77), and most of the dimensions of FACT-8D and EQ-5D-5L were positively correlated. EQ-5D-5L failed to discriminate known-groups in cancer stage across all value sets, whereas both were significant in FACT-8D (ES = 0.35–0.48, ES = 0.38–0.52). FACT-8D showed good test–retest reliability (Cohen’s weighted Kappa = 0.494–0.722, ICC = 0.748–0.786).The FACT-8D can be used as a valid and reliable instrument for clinical evaluation of patients with CRC, outperforming EQ-5D-5L in differentiating clinical subgroups and showing promise for cancer practice and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, our aim was to develop a valid and reliable scale to determine the social anxiety level of people regarding COVID-19. A total of 420 people participated in the research. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the validity and reliability of the scale. As a result of the explanatory factor analysis, it was determined that the scale consisted of 22 items and four sub-dimensions. These sub-dimensions were named “negative thinking”, “sociability”, “fear” and “vaccination”. In examination of the fit indices obtained from the confirmatory factor analysis results, it was seen that the four-factor scale structure was high and acceptable. Based on these results, we concluded that the COVID-19 social anxiety scale (CAS) was valid and reliable for examining the level of social anxiety of people during the pandemic periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotion regulation (ER) flexibility is defined as the ability to match ER strategies to situational demands. Several components of flexibility have been identified, such as the ability to detect the presence or absence of contextual cues (i.e., context-sensitivity), the ability to use flexibly diverse strategies (i.e., repertoire), and the ability to monitor and adapt strategies (i.e., feedback). The goal of this study was to validate French versions of the Context-Sensitivity Index (CSI) and the Flexible Regulation of Emotional Expression (FREE) scale. This online study comprised questionnaires designed to analyse the psychometric properties of the two questionnaires in a French population (N = 397). Both scales show satisfactory internal consistency (with ω = 0.81 for the FREE), convergent validity and acceptable test-retest validity (with 0.81 for the FREE; 0.71 for the CSI). Our findings support the hierarchical and four-dimension structures of the FREE scale, with all approximate fit indices demonstrating adequate model fit (CFI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.05; Chi-square = 1450.656, df = 120, p < .001). Common limits of self-reported measures are associated with this study. Moreover, our results should be replicated in future studies. The French versions of the CSI and FREE scale can be considered as adequate instruments for assessing context-sensitivity and repertoire as components of ER flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of single-item measures has the potential to help applied researchers address conceptual, methodological, and empirical challenges. Based on a large-scale evidence-based approach, we empirically examined the degree to which various constructs in the organizational sciences can be reliably and validly assessed with a single item. In study 1, across 91 selected constructs, 71.4% of the single-item measures demonstrated strong if not very strong definitional correspondence (as a measure of content validity). In study 2, based on a heterogeneous sample of working adults, we demonstrate that the majority of single-item measures examined demonstrated little to no comprehension or usability concerns. Study 3 provides evidence for the reliability of the proposed single-item measures based on test–retest reliabilities across the three temporal conditions (1 day, 2 weeks, 1 month). In study 4, we examined issues of construct and criterion validity using a multi-trait, multi-method approach. Collectively, 75 of the 91 focal measures demonstrated very good or extensive validity, evidencing moderate to high content validity, no usability concerns, moderate to high test–retest reliability, and extensive criterion validity. Finally, in study 5, we empirically examined the argument that only conceptually narrow constructs can be reliably and validly assessed with single-item measures. Results suggest that there is no relationship between subject matter expert evaluations of construct breadth and reliability and validity evidence collected across the first four studies. Beyond providing an off-the-shelf compendium of validated single-item measures, we abstract our validation steps providing a roadmap to replicate and build upon. Limitations and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Proactive Vitality Management (PVM) scale is a new measurement that assesses proactive management of physical and mental energy. In this research, we examined the psychometric properties of the PVM scale with a Chinese sample of 439 full-time employees, aging from 23 to 65. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the original one-factor model of the scale. And the Cronbach's α of the scale is acceptable (α =.88). Besides, PVM correlated moderately but positively with proactive personality and increasing challenging job demands (convergent validity) and showed significant but small relationships with decreasing hindering demands and psychological detachment (discriminant validity). PVM significantly related to in-role job performance and well-being (criterion validity). Thus, the PVM scale is a reliable and valid measure to assess proactive energy management in the Chinese context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peer evaluation consists of the evaluation of students by their peers following criteria or rubrics provided by the teacher, where the way to evaluate students is specified so that they achieve the desired competencies. The quality of the measurement instrument must meet two essential criteria: validity and reliability. In this research, we explored the educational value of peer evaluation rubrics by analyzing the quality of the rubric through the study of content validity, reliability, and internal consistency. Our main purpose was to design an appropriate rubric to grade tasks in the field of information engineering, as well as performing content validation through a group of experts. It was carried out in three phases: 1) construction of a rubric, with its criteria, characteristics, and levels of achievement; 2) content validation by five experts in the field, and 3) application of the rubric to ascertain students' perceptions and satisfaction with its validity. The relevance of the criteria and the definition of their characteristics obtained a score higher than 3.75/4 on a Likert scale. The content validity values (CVR), content validity index (CVI), and general content validity index (GIVC) gave maximum values of + 1. The results obtained indicate that the rubric is adequate, with Aiken's V higher than V 0.87 in all its criteria. The rubric was applied to 326 students of 4 subjects. Cronbach's alpha was used to calculate the reliability of the rubric, obtaining a value of 0.839. The students' perception of validity and satisfaction with the rubric was higher than 0.78. As future work, we intend to design a rubric validation engine according to the applied procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of attitudes toward science instruments has recently emerged in science education research. However, a comprehensive review of their psychometric properties, using currently accepted assessment standards, has not yet been completed. Consequently, this review discusses the validity and reliability of 18 measures published between 2005 and 2019 in leading science education journals. Findings showed that construct validity and internal consistency reliability was reported for all instruments; however, evidence for predictive validity and temporal stability reliability was rather scarce, which could limit their use in intervention and correlational type of studies. Similarly, content validity was found to be underreported. Consequently, the relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility of the items in some instruments are currently unknown and yet to be established in future studies. Finally, there is a gap in the literature regarding instruments that can be used across different countries and scientific disciplines, which could restrict accumulative and comparative results worldwide. Since the use of valid and reliable measurement instruments is a crucial aspect of educational research, the findings of this study could be useful in assisting researchers and practitioners in selecting the most appropriate measure for different research designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing interest in interdisciplinary (ID) understanding has led to the recent development of four ID assessments, none of which have previously been comprehensively validated. Sources of evidence for the validity of tests include construct validity, such as the internal structure of the test. ID tests may (and should) test both disciplinary (D) and ID understanding, and the internal structure can be examined to determine whether the theoretical relationship among D and ID knowledge is supported by empirical evidence. In this paper, we present an analysis of internal structure of ISACC, an ID assessment of carbon cycling, selected because the developers included both disciplinary and ID items and posited a relationship among these two types of knowledge. Responses from 454 high school and college students were analyzed using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) with the Mplus software for internal structure focusing on dimensionality, as well as functioning by gender and race/ethnicity, and reliability. CFA confirmed that the underlying structure of the ISACC best matches a two-factor path model, supporting the developers' theoretical hypothesis of the impact of disciplinary understanding on interdisciplinary understanding. No gender effect was found in the factor structure of the ISACC, indicating that females and males have similar performance. Race/ethnicity performance was similar to other science assessments, revealing possible ethnicity bias on the part of the instrument. The reliability coefficients for the two-factor path model were found to be sufficient. This study highlights the importance of the internal structure of test instruments as a source of validity evidence and models a procedure to assess internal structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the suitability of an unpublished autistic burnout assessment tool, focusing on autistic women. Distinguishing autistic burnout from conditions like depression or anxiety is crucial for effective interventions, emphasizing the need for nuanced research and refined measures in understanding and addressing autistic burnout. The Dutch version of the AASPIRE Autistic Burnout Measure (AABM-NL) was evaluated within a sample of 45 autistic women from the Autism Expertise Center. Preliminary findings of the AABM-NL scores demonstrated promising evidence of good internal consistency and convergent validity. Positive associations were observed between AABM-NL scores and a Likert scale assessing identification with autistic burnout, as well as with an instrument measuring physical and psychological complaints (SCL-90-R; Symptom Checklist-90-Revised). Specifically, anxiety, somatization, cognitive-performance deficits, and depression were correlated with the severity of autistic burnout. There was no significant difference between work status and the severity of autistic burnout, implying no employment-related connection. The AABM-NL effectively differentiated between women with and without autistic burnout, with 62 points as a suitable cut-off point. However, these results may not be generalized to women requiring daily living support, individuals beyond outpatient psychiatric settings, or those in institutionalized populations. The preliminary findings provide empirical evidence supporting the use of the AABM-NL as a potential tool for assessing autistic burnout in women receiving outpatient psychiatric care. Its implementation may contribute to programs aimed at recognizing and preventing autistic burnout in women. Further research is needed to enhance intervention strategies for mitigating the risk of autistic burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study describes the development of the AAC-Arm questionnaire and its initial psychometric and logometric testing for reliability and validity. Psychometric and logometric principles were used to develop an assessment questionnaire capable of evaluating the communication state domains important to patients with neurological disorders. The hypothesized domains were to include (1) auditory function, (2) speech function (3) cognitive functions (4) sensorimotor function, and (5) activities of daily living (ADL). An initial pool of 78 questions was pilot-tested for clarity in 10 patients; following factor analysis, the number of questions was reduced to 39-items. Then the questionnaire was subjected to reliability and validity testing. Factor analysis supported the 5 hypothesized domains. Test–retest reliability using Spearman's correlation demonstrated substantial agreement, ranging from 0.72 for the ADL domain to 0.92 for the auditory function domain. In testing for internal consistency, Cronbach's alphas ranged from 0.86 for-the ADL domain to 0.96 for the cognitive function domain. Correlation between domains gave evidence of construct validity. In comparing similar domains in the AAC questionnaire, a moderate correlation (range 0.33–0.83) for the ADL and sensorimotor function scales were found. The correlation was more positive between the other domains. Testing of reliability for the phraseological, syntactic and semantic competence indices showed good positive correlation between initial and retest scores. The questions in the AAC questionnaire have undergone rigorous psychometric and logometric testing, and the tool is an appropriate instrument for the assessment of neurological patients with communication deficit. The psycholinguistic assessment provides with the main weight of data for successful communication therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrapersonal emotion regulation is accepted to have an important role on mental health. However, research investigating the effects of interpersonal emotion regulation on mental health is still in its infancy. The objective of the current study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ) in Turkish samples. For this purpose, IERQ was translated into Turkish and psychometric properties of the scale were examined in two different samples. Structural, concurrent, and criterion validity, as well as reliability analyses, were conducted. Results confirmed the four-factor structure of the original scale. Supporting concurrent validity, IERQ score revealed moderate correlations with the measures of intrapersonal emotion regulation and interpersonal problems. Results of criterion validity analysis revealed that IERQ score successfully differentiated the group with low interpersonal problems from the group with high. The twenty-item Turkish IERQ appeared to be a reliable and valid measure of interpersonal emotion regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and hypothesis: We aimed to assess the validity and reliability of two Danish versions of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) in a female population. We hypothesized that the questionnaires had good predictive validity, internal consistency, patient-physician agreement, construct validity, test-retest reliability, and sensitivity to change. Methods: To test the predictive validity, we compared the ICIQ-UI SF to urodynamics (n = 153). The same answers were used for testing the internal consistency. The patient-physician agreement was assessed by comparing the self-administered questionnaire with a physician's evaluation based on telephone interviews (n = 60). To test the construct validity, we calculated the proportion of scores ≥ 1 in questionnaires completed by women defining themselves as "not suffering from involuntary urination" (n = 69). Test-retest reliability was assessed by comparing questionnaires completed twice with an interval of 2 weeks (n = 186). Sensitivity to change was evaluated by analyzing answers before and after treatment for women treated surgically for stress urinary incontinence (n = 755) and with botulinum type A toxin for overactive bladder (n = 63). Results: Predictive validity: 26.6–27.6% agreement. Internal consistency: Cronbach's alpha: 0.7–0.8. Patient-physician agreement: 53.9–92.9% agreement. Some interview participants misunderstood the word "leak." Construct validity: 19% and 23% had a total score ≥ 1. Test-retest reliability: 77.0–95.7% agreement. Sensitivity to change: Significantly lower score after treatment. Conclusion: The ICIQ-UI SF had excellent internal consistency, patient-physician agreement, test-retest reliability, and sensitivity to change. The ICIQ-UI SF had questionable predictive validity and construct validity compared to urodynamic testing. We recommend precaution in diagnostics or research based solely on the questionnaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is argued that the generalizability theory interpretation of coefficient alpha is important. In this interpretation, alpha is a slightly biased but consistent estimate for the coefficient of generalizability in a subjects x items design where both subjects and items are randomly sampled. This interpretation is based on the "domain sampling" true scores. It is argued that these true scores have a more solid empirical basis than the true scores of Lord and Novick (1968), which are based on "stochastic subjects" (Holland, 1990), while only a single observation is available for each within-subject distribution. Therefore, the generalizability interpretation of coefficient alpha is to be preferred, unless the true scores can be defined by a latent variable model that has undisputed empirical validity for the test and that is sufficiently restrictive to entail a consistent estimate of the reliability—as, for example, McDonald's omega. If this model implies that the items are essentially tau-equivalent, both the generalizability and the reliability interpretation of alpha can be defensible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious perfectionism is a construct that may help to either improve mental health or cause mental health difficulties. The Religious Perfectionism Scale (RPS; Wang in J Relig Health 59: 318–333, 2020) is a useful tool for assessing religious perfectionism around the world, but its psychometric properties have yet to be tested in Iran. The sample in the present study consisted of 300 Iranian undergraduate students (180 females) from Azad University who completed the RPS, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-2, and the Moral Perfectionism Scale. The impact score was used to determine face validity, and the values of the impact score for all translated items were greater than 1.5, meaning that the items had satisfactory face validity. The Content Validity Index (CVI) values were above the acceptable cutoff score of 0.7, indicating the acceptable content validity of items. The Content Validity Ratio (CVR) scores were greater than the cutoff score of the Lawshe table (.78), indicating the satisfactory essentiality of the items. To measure construct validity, the results of a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using AMOS software confirmed the scale with two subscales (zealous religious dedication and religious self-criticism). No item was removed from the scale as all factor loading values were greater than 0.49. The findings support the psychometric properties of the scale for measuring religious perfectionism among undergraduate students in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to analyze the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Internalized Misogyny Scale (IMS). The study sample consisted of 510 students. In relation to the validity of the items comprising the scale, an item-total correlation test and internal consistency analysis were conducted. Exploratory factor analysis was used to reveal the factorial structure of the scale and to provide evidence, and confirmatory factor analysis was applied to confirm that the scale measured the theoretical structure. In order to evaluate the reliability of the scale in terms of internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale and each subscale was calculated. In this study, the chi-square test statistic obtained from Bartlett test analysis was found to be significant (χ2 = 2444.990; p < 0.001). The scale's item-total correlation coefficient varied from 0.32 to 0.92, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.82. The results of the exploratory factor analysis conducted for the IMS indicate that the scale consisted of three sub-scales, namely, "Devaluing women," "Distrust of women," and "Gender bias in favor of men," as in the original version, and explains 47.446% of the total variance. Consequently, the 17-item scale and three factors were found to be theoretically and statistically acceptable. The IMS was proven to be a valid and reliable tool of measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties (factor structure, reliability and construct validity) of the Brief Distance Education Attitudes (DEA) scale. Four hundred twenty-two SEND teachers filled out socio-demographic data forms and the DEAS. Factors were extracted by EFA (Principal Components Analysis) and confirmed by Analysis of Moment Structures. No floor-ceiling effects were observed. No significant differences of skewness and kurtosis were observed between the two Domains. All goodness of fit indices generated by CFA were found satisfactory (TLI = 0.962 > 0.95, RMSEA =.035 < 0.08, CFI = 0.943 ≥ 0.90, χ2(34) = 57.93, p =.000 and SRMR = 0.034 < 0.08). Cronbach's alpha value formed at α =.764. SEND teachers' attitudes towards Efficacy in Distance Education and Difficulties Related to Distance Education are considered as significant factors for the implementation of distance education during COVID-19 crisis. Consequently, universities, education technology corporations and policy makers should take consideration of these factors so as to train SEND teachers' and support emergency remote-teaching scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To translate the Patient-Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) which is widely used as the evaluation in healthcare and research system in wrist/hand disorder patients into Thai (Thai PRWHE) and to examine its psychometric properties. Methods: The PRWHE was translated to Thai, including cross-cultural adaptations, following standard guidelines. Psychometric properties were evaluated with 292 wrist/hand musculoskeletal disorder patients. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine test–retest reliability over a 7-day interval. Construct validity was evaluated using two methods: Spearman's rank correlation of related and unrelated subscales and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Responsiveness was analyzed using the standardized response mean (SRM). Results: All subscales had high Cronbach's alpha (0.91–0.96). Evaluation of the Pain subscale found good correlations with the Thai PRWHE and the Thai version of disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (Thai DASH) questionnaire (r = 0.55, P < 0.0001) in related dimensions. Unrelated dimensions, the Total Function subscale of the Thai PRWHE, and the Mobility subscale of the Thai EQ-5D-5L had a weak correlation (r = 0.09, P < 0.12). Comparison of the one-factor solution and the bifactor model found the first-order three-factor solution fitted the data better than other models. The test–retest reliability with 61 patients in each subscale revealed excellent reliability (ICC = 0.94–0.96). In the assessment of responsiveness, the SRM with 54 patients was large (0.94). Conclusions: The Thai PRWHE has excellent internal consistency in all modules and good construct validity and reliability for Thai patients and provides a large standardized response mean after treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to assess cross-cultural differences in depressive symptoms and the validity of the Korean version of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ). Four hundred and sixty-four children and adolescents (aged 7-19, 278 girls) with any psychiatric diagnosis, 290 of whom had major depressive disorder, were included. The levels of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents were evaluated by children/adolescents and their parents. We conducted Pearson's r and Cronbach's α, confirmative factor analysis and item response theory tests. The Korean version of the MFQ demonstrated excellent criterion validity and discriminant validity. There were no cultural differences in the clinical manifestations of depression in youth from Western countries and Korea. Korean youths with depression were more likely to complain of cognitive and emotional symptoms than somatic symptoms. The Korean version of the MFQ demonstrated promising psychometric properties in a clinical sample of children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]