Search

The current study aims to introduce a new generalized photothermal model in which heat equation is described based on the Moore–Gibson–Thompson (MGT) equation. The thermo-optical transition process can be understood, and the interaction between elastic plasma waves and heat can be investigated and explained using the suggested model. The proposed model was used to investigate the thermal and photoacoustic effects in an infinitely constrained solid cylinder of semiconductor material that was crossed into a fixed magnetic field and subjected to a high-intensity laser heal flux. The Laplace transform technique is used to derive the numerical expressions for the components of thermal stresses, displacement, temperature field, and carrier density. The propagation of thermal, elastic, and plasma waves, as well as the distributions of each studied field, was investigated and described. The comparison is also used to evaluate the impact of thermoelastic response characteristics such as thermal relaxations, temperature frequency, and lifetime on the photo-thermoelastic response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic electronics and specifically organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices based on organic semiconductor materials enable economically viable large-area flexible applications. This review presents a comprehensive and detailed assessment of different aspects related to OLEDs, focusing on the impact of multilayered architectures on device performance, in particular the impact of different layers and architectures to enhance the output from such devices. Furthermore, characteristic parameters, materials, and fabrication methodologies are reviewed in depth to highlight the major advancements related to OLEDs over the years. Mathematical models are important for predicting the internal operation and characteristics of such devices, thus these are also discussed, focusing on methods to improve the performance parameters of OLEDs. Applications of OLEDs are also discussed, with a primary focus on research related to their improvement and enhancement for use in displays, sensors, and visual light communications. Although OLEDs show great promise for a bright future, several challenges such as the development of blue light-emitting materials, lifetime improvement, and application-specific architectures must be addressed to achieve more dynamic devices for emerging commercial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]