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To synthesize silver nanoparticles suspended in deionized water, Elettaria cardamomum (Car) seed extract and Car@Ag nanoparticles were prepared in three steps. The first used a hot aqueous extract of Elettaria cardamomum seed, and then, the second used pulsed laser ablation technique (PLAL) by Nd:YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm wavelength) at laser energy of 400 mJ, and the number of pulses was 500 pulses and third step for the synthesis of creating a non-conjugated Elettaria cardamomum extract. Ultraviolet visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were used to investigate the optical, structural, and morphological characterizations of synthesized Car@AgNPs. The nanoparticles were spherical in shape, and a size distribution exhibited a mean size of 21 nm, according to the TEM findings. AgNPs and Car@AgNPs have free radical scavenging activity in the DPPH assay. Additionally, Car@AgNPs were examined in vitro for zones of inhibition against pathogenic bacteria like Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The inhibition rate of Escherichia coli was higher than that observed in Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, Car@AgNPs demonstrated a potential cytotoxicity agent breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line that was evaluated by MTT assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, gold nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized using second harmonic generation ND-YAG laser ablation in ethanol employing 532 nm and 1.064 nm wavelengths. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and UV–Vis absorption were employed to examine the structural, chemical, and optical properties of Au NPs. XRD results showed that all synthesized Au nanoparticles are crystalline in nature. The optical band gap upon ablation using the higher wavelength (1064 nm) was about 4.02 eV. The value of the optical band gap increases to reach a value of 4.22 eV at the shorter wavelength (532 nm). The FESEM results reveal the formation of smaller nanorod size at second harmonic generation (SHG) wavelength was found to be about 30 nm at wavelength 532 nm and 44 nm at 1064 nm. After that, finite element analysis is used to simulate the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) as biosensors, depending on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon using the COMSOL multiphasic program. The hollow core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) HC-800 was thus overfilled with water. The confinement loss (CL) of the fundamental mode for the proposed PCF with and without the gold nanoparticles was calculated; we observe without gold NPs the CL at the water and colon tissue about 1.08E + 03 and 5.46E + 02 dB/m, while at use the deposited PCF with gold NPs, the results ensured the decrease more than in the confinement loss at the water and colon tissue about 1.01E + 03 and 3.16E + 02 dB/m with a clear shift toward higher wavelengths, also when calculating the sensitivity, to increase HC-PCF biosensor performance by using wavelength interrogation and amplitude measurements; it found the bio-liquid (colon tissue) has the best electric field using the gold nanowire (NW) layer in the biosensor equal to 68.8 V/m by comparison when without using the gold NW layer which leads to high sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]