1. Food intake and inflammation in European children: the IDEFICS study.
- Author
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González-Gil, Esther, Santabárbara, Javier, Russo, Paola, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Claessens, Mandy, Lissner, Lauren, Börnhorst, Claudia, Krogh, Vittorio, Iacoviello, Licia, Molnar, Denes, Siani, Alfonso, Tornaritis, Michael, Veidebaum, Toomas, and Moreno, Luis
- Subjects
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AGE distribution , *ANALYSIS of covariance , *BREASTFEEDING , *C-reactive protein , *CHILDREN'S health , *CHILD nutrition , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *DIET , *MEDICAL cooperation , *MOTHERS , *NUTRITIONAL assessment , *NUTRITIONAL requirements , *PROBABILITY theory , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH , *RESEARCH funding , *SEX distribution , *STATISTICS , *VEGETABLES , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *DATA analysis , *STATISTICAL significance , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *BODY mass index , *CROSS-sectional method , *PHYSICAL activity , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ODDS ratio ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Purpose: This cross-sectional study assesses the relationship between consumption frequencies of food items and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in European children. Methods: Out of the baseline sample ( N = 16.228) of the IDEFICS study, 6.403 children (1.315 boys aged 2 to <6, 1.908 boys aged 6 to <10, 1.204 girls aged 2 to <6 and 1.976 girls aged 6 to <10 years) had hs-CRP measured and the Children's Eating Habits Questionnaire filled, including a food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression adjusted for body mass index z-score, education of the mother, breast-feeding and self-reported hours of physical activity in a sport club per week was conducted. Results: Mean frequency intake of raw vegetable was lower in boys ( p = 0.022 in young and p = 0.020 in old) and older girls ( p = 0.026) with high hs-CRP concentration, while in younger girls ( p = 0.008) the same occurred with the cooked vegetables. The probability of having higher hs-CRP concentration was significantly associated with having low consumption frequency of vegetables ( p = 0.004 in older boys, raw vegetables; and p = 0.0032 in younger girls, cooked vegetables). Also, honey/jam intake decreased the probability of having higher concentration of hs-CRP, whereas soft drinks with sugar, mayonnaise and cereals milled increased this probability. Conclusions: Out of all food items associated with hs-CRP, frequency intake of vegetables presented more associations across all the analysis. Findings suggest that a high-frequency intake of vegetables is inversely related to an inflammatory status in children. More studies are needed to assess the association between diet and inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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