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Well-designed environmental regulations are a prerequisite for achieving green economic growth. However, the effectiveness of campaign-style environmental regulation—a widely used environmental management instrument in developing nations or even in some developed nations, on green economic growth remains under-researched and has not reached a consistent conclusion. This paper takes advantage of China's Central Environmental Protection Inspector policy—the strictest and largest campaign-style environmental regulation policy in China's history, as a natural experiment and uses the difference-in-differences method to explore the effect of campaign-style environmental regulation on green economic growth, and further analyze its underlying mechanisms and heterogeneity effects. The panel data covering 280 prefecture-level cities in China from 2009 to 2019 are used. Our results show that Central Environmental Protection Inspector can result in an average of 14.2% increase in green economic growth, and this effect is sustainable for a long time. Mechanism analysis shows that Central Environmental Protection Inspector boosts green economic growth mainly by promoting green innovation and optimizing industrial structure. Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that the positive effect of Central Environmental Protection Inspector on green economic growth is greater in eastern China and underdeveloped cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing literature on relationship between financial development (FD) and economic growth (EG) has presented dichotomous observations: a linear relationship by many of the studies and yet an inverted U-shaped relationship observed by number of renowned researchers. Most of the studies used narrow measures like credit to GDP growth ratio for measurement of financial development. Moreover, many of the researches have taken only the post-Global Financial Crisis data or neglected the data pre-1990s and most of the researches related to developing countries are on single-country data. Therefore, this relationship requires re-estimation to arrive at some conclusive results. This paper explores the relationship between financial development and economic for both developed and developing countries based on broader measures of financial development (financial access, financial depth, and financial efficiency). Panel Corrected Standard Error regression model is used to evaluate the relationship for 23 developed and 35 developing countries. Our results observe contrasting facts for developed and developing countries. For developed countries, we observed an inverted U-shaped relationship between FD and EG. The contributing sub-components of FD are financial depth and efficiency. However, financial access is observed to have a U-shaped relationship. However, for developing countries, we don't observe an inverted U-shaped relationship but linear relationship between FD and EG. The contributing sub-components are financial depth and financial efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) have gained attention as enablers of innovation and entrepreneurship. This paper explores entrepreneurial ecosystems in developed countries. Entrepreneurship is a globally important phenomenon for economic development and addressing socio-economic challenges such as unemployment, inequality, and poverty. Systematic literature review (SLR), with the aid of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) approach was used in the items selection process. A final sample of 28 primary articles was used. Additionally, bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer software to determine publication patterns and citation trends. More relevant and recent articles were incorporated into the bibliometric analysis to improve the results. Isenberg's six domains of entrepreneurial ecosystems framework, supported by the Dynamic capabilities (DC) theory underpinned the study. Results show that though entrepreneurial ecosystems are prevalent, they face many challenges. However, opportunities are also available but may be difficult to access. Globally, scholars agree that entrepreneurial ecosystems enhance economic development, and they help to solve socio-economic challenges such as unemployment, inequality, and poverty. This paper recommends that entrepreneurial ecosystems should be fostered in all regions to promote economic development and provide solutions to solve socio-economic problems. Local and global leaders should invest in the development of entrepreneurial ecosystems to promote economic development. The original value is based on exploring the dynamic nature of entrepreneurial ecosystems in the global environment using a developed country perspective. The findings provide important insights to policymakers and other stakeholders for developing strategies and interventions for enhancing economic growth through entrepreneurship. Plain Language Summary: How businesses collaborate in developed countries The purpose of the paper is to explore entrepreneurial ecosystems in developed countries. Entrepreneurship is a globally important phenomenon for economic development and addressing socio-economic challenges such as unemployment, inequality, and poverty. Systematic literature review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis (using VOSviewer software) were used as research methods. Isenberg's six domains of entrepreneurial ecosystems framework, supported by the Dynamic capabilities (DC) theory underpinned the study. Results show that though entrepreneurial ecosystems are prevalent, they face many challenges, but opportunities are available. Entrepreneurial ecosystems should be fostered in all regions to promote economic development and provide solutions to solve socio-economic problems. The findings provide important insights to policymakers and other stakeholders for developing strategies and interventions for enhancing economic growth through entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: With the ageing of the global population and the rise in noncommunicable diseases, there is an increased need for rehabilitation services, especially those that address the specific needs of ageing populations. Through their proximity to patients, nurses play a critical role in providing rehabilitation interventions for older adults in primary health care. However, they are not yet established as typical rehabilitation providers and further research is needed to clarify their role and competencies to optimize rehabilitation interventions for ageing populations. Objectives: Therefore, this secondary analysis of a scoping review aims to describe the role of nurses in the provision of rehabilitation interventions to ageing populations in primary health care. Methods: This review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. It is built on all inclusion and exclusion criteria from the primary analysis and focused on studies including nurses and taking place in primary health care. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, as well as qualitative analysis on the role of nurses. Results: A total of 68 studies from high- and upper-middle income countries were included. Nurses typically had a managerial and clinical role (76%) and worked in multidisciplinary teams (54%), most often with physical therapists. Nurses provided 355 interventions, with assessments (n = 106; 30%), and coordination and management of the rehabilitation process (n = 105; 30%) being the most frequent ones. They had 117 different job titles and little information was available about their educational background. Discussion: This paper contributes to a better understanding of the key role nurses play in providing rehabilitation interventions to ageing populations in primary health care. Matching nurses' competencies with their level of proficiency is essential to ensure quality care in rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate partner violence (IPV) around the time of pregnancy is a recognized global health problem. Ethnic minorities and immigrant pregnant women experiencing IPV require culturally responsive health services. The aim of this scoping review was to identify aspects of cultural sensitivity in interventions to prevent or reduce IPV among ethnic minorities and immigrant pregnant women in high-income countries. Eight databases were searched in November 2019. Any type of scientific research, quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods studies regarding interventions against IPV among pregnant women were considered for inclusion. Resnicow et al.'s definition of cultural sensitivity was used to identify aspects of cultural sensitivity. Ten papers relating to nine interventions/studies met our inclusion criteria. These studies, which included randomized controlled trials, a mixed methods study, a program evaluation, and a longitudinal study, were conducted in Australia, Belgium, Norway, and the United States. Aspects of surface cultural sensitivity, including the translation of intervention content into the language of the target group(s) and the involvement of bilingual staff to recruit participants, were identified in eight studies. Deep structure aspects of cultural sensitivity were identified in one study, where the intervention content was pretested among the target group(s). Results that could be related to the culture-sensitive adaptions included successful recruitment of the target population. Three studies were planning to investigate women's experiences of interventions, but no publications were yet available. This scoping review provides evidence that culturally sensitive interventions to reduce or prevent IPV among immigrant pregnant women are limited in number and detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the literature on women's leadership in higher education in the last 20 years. This literature review employed a systematic review of 64 articles published worldwide with 28 articles specifically published in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the United States and Vietnam. The aim of the study is to determine if there are any differences in barriers and enablers of women leaders between the developed countries chosen for this study and Vietnam in higher education and how the countries are progressing towards gender equality. The study concluded that most of the research in women's leadership in higher education had been done in the US and Canada, with a dearth of literature on women's leadership in higher education in Asia, and only six studies have been done in Vietnam till 2019, with only two studies done before 2017. The findings suggested that women leaders in developed countries and Vietnam still face almost the same challenges as in the past but, with family support, these challenges are becoming less in Vietnam. Mentor support was found to be an enabler in other developed countries which was missing in Vietnam. Vietnam is gaining importance in research in women's leadership in higher education, which may be due to an increased female labour participation rate and higher growth in gross domestic product rates. The future of women leaders seems to be bright, especially in Vietnam, due to higher female educational attainment. There is a small number of literature review studies on barriers and enablers in the field of women leaders in higher education comparing developed nations and a developing country. Hence, the current study aims to fill this gap to provide an overview of the difference between the enablers and barriers faced by women leaders between developed countries and Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurses play an integral role in the care of children hospitalised with a serious illness. Although information about diagnostics, treatments, and prognosis are generally conveyed to parents and caregivers of seriously ill children by physicians, nurses spend a significant amount of time at the child's bedside and have an acknowledged role in helping patients and families understand the information that they have been given by a doctor. Hence, the ethical role of the nurse in truth disclosure to children is worth exploring. Methods: A systematic academic database and grey literature search strategy was conducted using CINAHL, Medline Psych Info, and Google Scholar. Keywords used included truth, children, nurse, disclosure, serious illness, and communication. A total of 17 publications of varying types were included in the final data set. Ethical Considerations: As this was a review of the literature, there were no direct human participants. Empirical studies included in the review had received ethics approval. Results: Of the 17 articles included in the review, only one directly reported on the experiences of nurses asked to withhold the truth from patients. Empirical studies were limited to HIV-positive children and children diagnosed with cancer and the dying child. Conclusion: A paucity of literature exploring the experiences, attitudes, and beliefs of nurses with regard to truth-telling to seriously ill children is evident. Little consideration has been given to the role nurses play in communicating medical information to children in a hospital setting. The 17 articles included in the review focused on cancer, and HIV, diagnosis, and end-of-life care. Further research should be undertaken to explore the experiences and attitudes of nurses to clinical information sharing to children hospitalised with a wide range of serious illnesses and in diverse clinical scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate partner abuse (IPA) is widespread, and denial, minimization, justifying, and blaming (DMJB) are common among people who have committed IPA. Views on the function of DMJB in IPA are mixed, often based on the theoretical standpoint of the authors. This systematic review brings together the knowledge of how distorted accounts operate in IPA committed by men. A systematic review of primary research related to DMJB in heterosexual men who have committed to IPA was conducted. In all, 31 papers were found to meet the inclusion criteria (adult, male-to-female abuse, in western culture, peer reviewed and published in English) and were quality appraised. Data were extracted and analyzed using narrative synthesis. The findings indicate the way DMJB operates in this group is complex. It can represent facilitators of abusive behavior, a way to protect the individual's identity and self-esteem, and a tool men use instrumentally to achieve goals. Themes were present within and between studies highlighting the complex function of DMJB. A model representing the hypothesized intertwined function of DMJB for IPA is proposed. The limitations of the review are discussed and implications and recommendations for policy, practice, and future research are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines democracy's impact on the labor share of income: the share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) dedicated to wages, salaries, and benefits. I hypothesize democratic regimes afford labor the opportunity to increase its share of national income. While previous empirical work finds cross-sectional evidence for the hypothesis, this paper employs a time-series cross-sectional analysis using data for 119 countries between 1950 and 2017, indicating the labor share of income is higher in democratic countries. The estimates are robust to different specifications of the statistical model. This paper also examines a potential causal mechanism that links democracy to a higher labor share through the supply of labor (the average number of hours worked in the economy). The relationship between democracy and the supply of labor lends additional evidence to my hypothesis. In a world characterized by diverging democracy, the results imply the path countries choose between democracy and dictatorship matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrialized countries have increasingly used skill-based selective migration policies to reduce labor and skill shortages. But are these policies effective? This paper uses Japan and the United Kingdom to illustrate how immigration policy and employment, training and labor practices influence labor and skill supply. Until recently, these two countries had different migration policies and labor practices. Yet data shows similar patterns of labor and skill shortage profiles in both countries. This paper draws on empirical research to argue that such outcomes suggest that immigration policies will not alleviate labor and skill shortages unless accompanied by the transformation of employment and training practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the relationship between the crises of capitalist growth and democratic politics, this paper discusses the notions of degrowth and conviviality. Both concepts are often interpreted as making similar proposals in response to questions of environmental transformation. However, they bear on different strands of critique. While degrowth criticizes the momentum of capitalist accumulation, conviviality originates in the search for alternatives to the instrumental use of technologies in industrial societies. Although these two rationalities predominantly go hand in hand in the development of modern societies, they are sometimes in conflict and different strategies are required to deal with their consequences. Therefore, the differences between degrowth and conviviality should not be obscured. Instead of using the concepts in an ethical or moral fashion as normative claims directed at some diffuse agency of states, companies and the people, the paper argues for a thorough examination of issues and propositions to overcome the environmental crisis from the perspective of materialist science and technology studies. Since one key factor here is the level of global production and consumption of meat, this paper turns toward a controversial attempt to break new ground in meat production: the vision of artificially producing meat in the laboratory. Lab-grown, cultured meat provides a powerful case study for exploring political and democratic challenges of post-growth societies, all the more so as questions of animal welfare and interspecies conviviality are addressed as well. By taking a closer look at the role of animals in proposed solutions for degrowth and conviviality in meat production and consumption, the complementarity of such claims can be questioned, and a light can be shed on the inherent political implications of such technological innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No reviews to date have summarized the views of parents on the functional challenges and/or strengths of their children with autism spectrum disorder. We set out to perform a scoping review aiming (a) to identify and collate global results to provide a broad description of parental perspective of functioning research and (b) to summarize these using the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health–Child and Youth version framework. The International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health provides a language to describe the functional skills of an individual with a health condition in terms of their body structures, body functions, activities and participation, their environmental and personal factors. Given the influence that context has on functioning, and the potential impact of economic status on availability of resources, we were specifically interested to compare perspectives from high-income countries and low-/middle-income countries. Two researchers conducted a comprehensive search of English peer-reviewed studies published between 1990 and June 2016. Articles were accessed and summarized using thematic analysis. Meaningful phrases were extracted from key findings and linked to second-level International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health–Child and Youth categories following international linking rules. Thirty-three studies were identified of which only six originated from low/middle-income countries (n = 6/33, 18%). Two studies compared perspectives from low-/middle-income countries and high-income countries (n = 2/33, 6%). Functional themes from high-income countries included a range across the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health–Child and Youth bio-psychosocial framework while functional themes from low-/middle-income countries were predominantly focused on environmental factors. We propose further research should consider a systematic comparison of high-income and low/middle-income countries across functional categories to get a more accurate impression of the impact of context on functioning. No paper to date has summarized parents' views on the functional challenges and/or strengths of their children with autism spectrum disorder. In this review we set out to perform a scoping review aiming to (a) find and compare existing research from around the globe on parental perception of functioning and (b) summarize results from these papers using the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health–Child and Youth version framework. Since we know that the place and circumstances we live in can have a significant influence on our functioning in daily life, we were specifically interested in comparing perceptions from high-income countries and low-/middle-income countries. Two researchers conducted a comprehensive search of English studies published between 1990 and June 2016. Papers were summarized and key findings were linked to International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health–Child and Youth categories. Thirty-three studies were identified, of which most were conducted in high-income countries (n = 25/33, 76%) with only six studies in low/middle-income countries (n = 6/33, 18%). Two studies compared views from low/middle-income and high-income countries (n = 2/33, 6%). Functional themes from high-income countries included a range across the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health–Child and Youth framework while functional themes from low-/middle-income countries were mostly focused on environmental factors. It was difficult to directly compare studies from low/middle-income and high-income countries because they investigated and discussed such different parts of functioning. We suggest that future research should use an approach that will allow researchers to directly compare functional categories in order to get a more accurate impression of the impact of context on functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been little research on domestic violence (DV) within ethnic minority communities in high-income countries. This study reports on the findings of a meta-ethnography that examined the barriers and facilitators of help-seeking behaviors in South Asian women living in high-income countries who have experienced DV to inform practice, understand the limits of the evidence, and identify research gaps. Qualitative studies were identified which were available in English by electronic databases. After an initial search, 2,465 articles were reviewed by title and abstract and 135 articles were reviewed for full text. Thirty-five papers were included for this review and were synthesized using meta-ethnography. Key findings included barriers and facilitators of help-seeking behaviors: (1) Socio-cultural norms to prohibit help-seeking behaviors, (2) Fear of negative consequences, (3) Negative aspects of immigration status, (4) Insufficient support from statutory, and voluntary agencies, (5) Safety strategies and facilitators for surviving. Although this review investigated the perceptions of two different populations (survivors and service providers) both groups had similar views about the barriers and facilitators of help-seeking behaviors. It is crucial for the government and non-government organizations to understand the barriers for women who are DV survivors to seek help from their organizations and also from South Asian ethnicities. The awareness and understanding of these barriers and facilitators may help support the development of interventions to encourage effective help-seeking amongst South Asian women affected by DV. Suggestions for research, practice, and policies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we empirically investigate the effects of oil price changes on inflation over the period 1991-2016 for eight industrial countries: the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, Germany, France, Italy, and the UK. In doing so, we use an oil-augmented Phillips curve with unobserved components and we consider time-varying coefficients. The results show that even over a period of low and stable inflation, oil prices play a significant role in the dynamics of inflation. In all the countries except Germany, oil pass-through into inflation increased from the early 2000s up until the global financial crisis. In the United States it has nearly doubled in the last fifteen years. These findings suggest that central banks must continue to monitor oil prices closely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global talent management as an academic field is regarded as a multi-disciplinary bridge field, which has recently emerged from the strategic international human resource management (HRM) and talent management fields as a critical strategic issue for multinational firms. While some literature reviews have been conducted on the topic, there is no systematic review of drivers, outcomes and challenges in empirical global talent management research. This study therefore provides a rigorous systematic review of empirical global talent management research from 2008 to 2017. The evidence reveals that global talent management can enhance multinational companies' global mobility outcomes, employer attractiveness, competitiveness and performance. However, challenges, such as huge financial costs, high rate of turnover among global talents, localization difficulties, corporate culture, and adjustment problems, of expatriate spouses can undermine the effectiveness of global talent management practices and programmes. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the qualitative approach and cross-sectional design have dominated empirical research on the topic while only few studies have performed multi-level analysis. The findings urge stakeholders to adopt a more holistic and well-informed view while designing and implementing global talent management initiatives either as researchers or practitioners. It also implies that despite the substantial interest in global talent management, the field is still under-explored or under-researched. The study makes contribution by providing the first systematic review of empirical global talent management research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current COVID-19 pandemic has put the problem of equitable access to health technologies in the limelight because governments, even in the economically advanced countries, are struggling to meet the health needs of their populations. Tiered pricing of innovative health technologies, which involves the division of markets into different tiers or groups, provides a legitimate policy tool to alleviate some of the COVID-19 financial burdens on global health systems. Differential pricing denotes the practice of companies to charge different prices for the same product depending on the different classes of purchasers. This paper examines the legality and practical significance of tiered pricing as a price-reducing policy option and discusses some of the key limitations of this important policy tool. This study proposes the adoption of a global framework for sustainable pricing and tiered pricing of innovative health technologies. The proposed global framework will help in achieving a balance between fair access and fair profit levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several countries with diverse health systems have achieved universalization (UHC). The trajectory towards universal coverage almost always has three typical features: (i) a political process driven by a range of regulatory changes to simplify access; (ii) an increase in health spending; (iii) an increase in the share of pooled spending rather than paid out-of-pocket. Therefore, a study was undertaken to understand the extent of the provider-purchaser relationship of governments to achieve UHC while reforming healthcare. The present paper focuses on extensive secondary research across countries and evaluates the experiences of select developed and developing economies with India's experiments on- Financing mechanisms, management arrangements, governance and health outcomes; to offer a comparison of practices and their impact. While Italy, the UK, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada and most recently China are countries that have achieved UHC; countries like USA and Brazil are on the verge of achieving UHC. These nine countries represent the entire spectrum of pure purchasing models, mixed and pure provisioning models to help us leverage from their experience. All countries that have attained UHC have a well-defined package of services that the government commits to fund and provide for (both public and private). Additionalities around wellness and cosmetic care is managed through supplementary insurance. Overall funding is through an autonomous body, at arm's length of government; primarily to govern and manage the state's health priorities. And the government purely behaves as a regulator setting policy and giving directions to the providers. However, ensuring the sustenance of such a mixed model requires; (i) a well-regulated ecosystem that thrives on evidence, (ii) the governments must clearly define the role/s of each stakeholder and hold them accountable for their deliverables in attaining UHC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This viewpoint paper argues for the need for more socially sustainable care systems that can better contribute to equitable utilization of health care in a post-pandemic era. Health care systems in developed nations need to rethink their role, particularly with regard to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) as well as becoming more sustainable societies. Socially sustainable care systems will recognize that systemic factors and processes (social, economic, environmental, cultural) need to be addressed simultaneously in order to achieve health equity. Moreover, these systems are likely to be of paramount importance for post-COVID-19, because of the potential increase in demand for health care due to forgone health care and the increased burden of chronic diseases as spillover effects related to COVID-19 mitigation interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article systematically reviews evidence evaluating whether macroeconomic austerity policies impact mortality, reviewing high-income country data compiled through systematic searches of nine databases and gray literature using pre-specified methods (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020226609). Eligible studies were quantitatively assessed to determine austerity's impact on mortality. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility and risk of bias using ROBINS-I. Synthesis without meta-analysis was conducted due to heterogeneity. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE framework. Of 5,720 studies screened, seven were included, with harmful effects of austerity policies demonstrated in six, and no effect in one. Consistent harmful impacts of austerity were demonstrated for all-cause mortality, life expectancy, and cause-specific mortality across studies and different austerity measures. Excess mortality was higher in countries with greater exposure to austerity. Certainty of evidence was low. Risk of bias was moderate to critical. A typical austerity dose was associated with 74,090 [−40,632, 188,792] and 115,385 [26,324, 204,446] additional deaths per year. Austerity policies are consistently associated with adverse mortality outcomes, but the magnitude of this effect remains uncertain and may depend on how austerity is implemented (e.g., balance between public spending reductions or tax rises, and distributional consequences). Policymakers should be aware of potential harmful health effects of austerity policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Midlife, beginning at 40 years and extending to 65 years, a range that encompasses the late reproductive to late menopausal stages, is a unique time in women's lives, when hormonal and physical changes are often accompanied by psychological and social evolution. Access to sexual health and sexual well-being (SHSW) services, which include the prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections, contraception and the support of sexual function, pleasure and safety, is important for the health of midlife women, their relationships and community cohesion. The objective was to use the socio-ecological model to synthesise the barriers and enablers to SHSW services for midlife women in high-income countries. A systematic review of the enablers and barriers to women (including trans-gender and non-binary people) aged 40–65 years accessing SHSW services in high-income countries was undertaken. Four databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were searched for peer-reviewed publications. Findings were thematically extracted and reported in a narrative synthesis. Eighty-one studies were included; a minority specifically set out to study SHSW care for midlife women. The key barriers that emerged were the intersecting disadvantage of under-served groups, poor knowledge, about SHSW, and SHSW services, among women and their healthcare professionals (HCPs), and the over-arching effect of stigma, social connections and psychological factors on access to care. Enablers included intergenerational learning, interdisciplinary and one-stop women-only services, integration of SHSW into other services, peer support programmes, representation of minoritised midlife women working in SHSW, local and free facilities and financial incentives to access services for under-served groups. Efforts are needed to enhance education about SHSW and related services among midlife women and their healthcare providers. This increased education should be leveraged to improve research, public health messaging, interventions, policy development and access to comprehensive services, especially for midlife women from underserved groups. Plain language summary: Sexual health and sexual wellbeing services for midlife women in high income countries Midlife, beginning at 40 years and extending to 65 years, a range that encompasses the late reproductive to late menopausal stages, is a unique time in women's lives. Access to Sexual Health and Sexual Wellbeing (SHSW) services, which include the prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections, contraception and the support of sexual function, pleasure and safety, is important for the health of midlife women, their relationships and community cohesion. The objective of this systematic review was to use the socio-ecological model to synthesise the barriers and enablers to SHSW services for midlife women in high income countries. Eighty-one studies were included; a minority specifically set out to study SHSW care for midlife women. The key barriers that emerged were the intersecting disadvantage of under-served groups, poor knowledge, about SHSW, and SHSW services, among women and their HealthCare Professionals (HCPs), and the over-arching effect of stigma, social connections, and psychological factors on access to care. Enablers included intergenerational learning, interdisciplinary and one-stop women-only services, integration of SHSW into other services, peer support programmes, representation of minoritised midlife women working in SHSW, local and free facilities, and financial incentives for under-served groups to access services. The appetite for education about SHSW and SHSW services among midlife women and their HCPs should be capitalised upon, and utilised to improve research, public health messaging, interventions and access to holistic services, particularly for midlife women from under-served groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We address the issue of persistent uneven development from a Marxist perspective. First, we show the conceptual problems in applying the unmodified law of value to the international setting. Second, we propose a generalization of the global law of value by introducing an additional level of abstraction into the global valorization process—national abstract labor. Third, we examine broad cases of internationalization caused by deviations in productivity differences across industries from the average productivity differences across countries. We discover an endogenous national and international dynamic push toward specialization that perpetuates uneven development. The benefits of such specialization are skewed in favor of more developed countries, and the potential for technological improvement created by the global division of labor blocks technological progress in less developed countries. JEL Classification : B14, F00, F63, O14 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smartphones are the principal instrument for internet access among adolescents and pre-adolescents in many industrialized countries. However, research on the long-term correlates of age at first access to these devices concerning life outcomes is scarce. This study contributes to the literature by collecting data from 3,247 Italian students in grade 10. Through OLS and logistic regressions, we investigate socio-demographics' role in predicting the age of first smartphone access and the associations between the age of access and selected life outcomes. The moderating effect of socio-demographics on such relationships is also investigated through multiple-interaction models. Results suggest that females and students from less-educated families are more likely to receive smartphones earlier. Early smartphone access is negatively associated with adolescents' well-functioning. Finally, deferring access reduces the gender gap in language proficiency, digital skills and life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The centenary of the end of the First World War allows an opportunity to reflect on the lessons learned from dissent, not only in political life but also in shoulder surgery. It is not commonly known that the young Winston Churchill had an unstable shoulder that was to affect him from his younger days into his later career. Although he chose to treat his shoulder problem conservatively, one of his contemporaries, ASB Bankart proposed a surgical approach that has come to be the 'gold standard' of management of the unstable shoulder. This paper reviews the historical record of Churchill's shoulder instability and the lessons he learned from his experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homelessness is an obvious moral challenge, given the fact that it is a problem that millions of people in the developed world have to deal with on a daily basis. In the relatively scarce literature on this subject, there appear to be—roughly—three main approaches, namely, what I will refer to as the “difference approach,” the “liberal approach” and the “care approach.” In the paper I will critically review these three moral perspectives on the issue of homelessness. I will argue that the difference approach and the liberal approach in the end are unconvincing. Homelessness can hardly be interpreted in terms of an internally valued group identity nor in terms of autonomy and its preconditions. I will defend a version of the care approach instead, an approach that focuses on the concrete and particular needs of the homeless. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although well established in developed countries, Ethics review boards in the academia, and specifically for social and behavioral sciences (SBS) research, is a relatively new, and still a controversy inducing endeavor. This study explores the establishment and functioning of ERBs in Israeli academia, serving as a case study for the challenges and progress made in ensuring ethical research practices in non-medical related spheres. A purposeful sample of 46 participants was selected, comprising ERB current or past members and SBS researchers, who each interacted extensively with ERB's evaluation processes. The participants came from all eight research universities of Israel, as well as seven large public and private academic colleges. Open, semi structured In-depth interviews were conducted in order to facilitate a critical reflective stance among the various participants, exploring their experiences, behaviors and the meanings they assign to ERB processes. Our research revealed two major themes. The first is the developmental trajectories in the construction processes of ERBs in Israel, comprised of the following stages: Initiation, expansion, opposition, and acceptance and assimilation. The second was a typology of participation throughout the ERBs' construction process. Inspired by Merton's strain theory, this typology includes conformists, ritualists, ideologists, control-freaks, and insurgents. The findings expose a unique perspective into the initiation, establishment, and development of ERBs, which can shed light on the role of ERBs in general, as well as point out how resistance to ERBs, as well as the different reasons for championing them, affected not only ERBs form and their legitimacy, but also their interaction with researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This note illustrates some of the new roles that armed forces are taking on in developed countries, highlighting the structure, capabilities, and missions developed by the Spanish Military Emergency Unit (UME). The note describes some of these new roles assumed by UME, such as its response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and shows, using official temporal and georeferenced data, the growing use of the military to support civilian authorities in response to natural disasters, man-made disasters, and other emergencies alike. In addition, we also analyze public opinion survey data to argue that this is helping to improve society's perception of the armed forces even in a country like Spain where, due to its recent history, a significant part of its population is reluctant to the military. In short, the military is taking on more emergency roles as needs arise and these new roles can help to improve its perception by citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bid Responsiveness in the public procurement process (PPP) is a crucial aspect of public construction projects. A responsive bid materially complies with the form or content requirements of the bidding documents; the responsiveness of a bid is determined during the bid evaluation period. Accepting low-responsive bids can lead to project failures and unexpected adverse consequences. The Public Procurement Systems (PPS) in developed countries frequently used systematic mechanisms to enhance the quality of the PPP which includes enhancing the responsiveness of bids. This study revealed six dominant factors impacting responsiveness and five systematic mechanisms more prominently discussed in the PPS in developed countries to enhance the quality of the PPP. The population of this study consists of procurement specialists in Sri Lankan public construction procurement at the pre-contract stage and among those who have more than 20 years of experience in PPP were considered as the sampling frame. The fuzzy-set theory was used to determine the ranking order of these systematic mechanisms based on their influence to enhance responsiveness by overcoming the impact of dominant factors. Suggestions were made for Sri Lankan PPS to implement these systematic mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cambodia has experienced exponential economic growth in recent years and is expected to graduate from least developed country (LDC) status within the next decade. Membership of the World Trade Organization (WTO) will require Cambodia to grant product and process patents for pharmaceuticals upon LDC graduation. This study aims to measure the impact of the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) on the price of HIV and hepatitis C medicine in Cambodia once it graduates from LDC status and is obliged to make patents available for pharmaceutical products and processes. Using scenarios based on likely outcomes of accession to the TRIPS Agreement, it measures the impact on the price of the HIV treatment program and compares that impact with the hepatitis C treatment program. Graduation from LDC status would be expected to result in a modest increase in the cost of the antiretroviral (ARV) treatment program and very large increases in the cost of the direct acting antivirals (DAA) treatment program. If annual treatment budgets remain constant, patent protection could see 1,515 fewer people living with HIV able to access ARV treatment and 2,577 fewer people able to access DAA treatment (a drop in treatment coverage of 93%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young people have been among those most affected by the recent financial crisis. Vocational education and training (VET) is often viewed as the silver bullet for the youth joblessness problem. In this article, the authors provide a better understanding of VET in industrialized countries, proposing a typology with three types of vocational systems: 1) vocational and technical schools, 2) formal apprenticeships, and 3) dual apprenticeship systems that combine school training with a firm-based approach. They first describe the strengths and challenges of each system. They subsequently review the evidence of the effectiveness of VET versus general education and the relative effectiveness of the different VET systems. Results indicate that VET is a valued alternative beyond the core of general education and that the use of apprenticeships combined with institutional learning tends to be more effective than school-based VET. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: An ageing prison population with complex health needs combined with punitive sentencing practices means palliative care for incarcerated individuals is increasingly important. However, there is limited evidence regarding the models of care delivery in high-income countries, and their associated challenges and benefits. Aim: To develop a typology of models of palliative care provision for incarcerated individuals, synthesise evidence of their outcomes and describe facilitators of and challenges in delivering different models of palliative and end-of-life care in prisons. Design: Scoping review following Arksey and O'Malley, with narrative synthesis. The protocol was registered prospectively (reviewregistry1260). Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, the Social Sciences Citation Index and grey literature were searched on 15th March 2023. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used for quality appraisal. Results: A total of 16,865 records were screened; 22 peer-reviewed articles and 18 grey literature sources met the inclusion criteria. Three models were identified: Embedded Hospice, Outsourcing Care and Community Collaboration. The Embedded Hospice model shows potential benefits for patients and prisons. Outsourcing Care may miss opportunities for comprehensive care. Collaborative Care relies on proactive prison-community relationships that could be formalised for improvement. Psychosocial and bereavement needs of those dying in prison and their caregivers lack sufficient documentation. Conclusion: Further research is needed to evaluate prison hospice costs and examine how prison hospices impact compassionate release usage. Beyond the USA, policies might formalise care pathways and recognise best practices. Further investigation to address psychosocial needs of people in prison with life-limiting illnesses and post-death bereavement support is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) control is a crucial goal in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), requiring lifelong commitment and family support. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of family-based diabetes management intervention on HbA1c among adults with T2DM. Methods: From inception up to 2022, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, CORE, and the Cochrane Library. The quality of studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tools. Effect sizes were calculated using standard deviations (SD), while the degree of heterogeneity was evaluated using the Higgins I2 test. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore factors contributing to sources of heterogeneity among trials. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed, and the protocol was registered with PROSPERO CRD42022384034. Results: A total of 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 2815 participants indicated that family-based diabetes management intervention had a statistically significant impact on improving HbA1c (Mean Difference [MD] = −.47; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: −.64 to −.30, p <.001) with a moderate level of heterogeneity (I2 = 59%). Subgroup analysis indicated that family-based diabetes management intervention among adults with T2DM in developing regions was more effective in improving HbA1c levels compared to developed countries. Conclusion: Family-based diabetes management interventions improved HbA1c. Further research is required to develop diabetes management strategies with a family focus that clearly defines the family's involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are increasing instances in which researchers study their migrant co-nationals in one language but report their research findings in another language. This raises significant issues regarding the mediating role played by bilingual researcher-translators when translating research data: the decisions they make when bringing the Other's world to their readers, and the strategies they adopt when making such decisions. These issues of data translation, as well as the unique experiences of the researcher-translators and the valuable knowledge that they generate from this process, have not yet been given adequate attention in the academic literature. In response, this article explores a translation analysis which allows the researcher-translator to reflect in detail on the methodological challenges that researcher-translators are likely to encounter. Introducing Poblete's five operations of translation, we highlight the processes that the researcher-translator adopts in recognising, reflecting and negotiating with the (un)translatability of culturally embedded linguistic expression. Focusing on International Student Mobility (ISM) as a particular instance of research translation/analysis as cultural mediation, we demonstrate how our intention to attune to students' own ISM journey in their own language reverberates in the mediation and interventions the researcher-translator conducted through the translation analysis. The article thus emphasises how translating interview scripts as part of the research is more than seeking linguistic correspondence, it is also about understanding non-western lives and life-words through a second-language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for palliative care has increased in high income countries as mortality in older adults has decreased and life expectancy increased. In this context, the priorities of palliative and end of life care (EoLC) have shifted in Australia, reflected in policy frameworks, national guidelines, service systems and funding models. However, aligning service systems and practice realities with these policy aspirations has been problematic in Australia and elsewhere. The current study investigates the recent implementation of a unique, community palliative care (CPC) programme called Heidi's Have a Go (HHaG) in regional Australia, which seemed to bridge the problematic divide between policy aspirations and practice implementation. Qualitative research was undertaken to examine the programme design and influence from the perspective of programme staff and volunteers. The data generated compelling stories on staff and patient experiences in its first 2 years, achieving service outcomes aligned with current policy and national frameworks and privileging patient voices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research utilizes a bootstrap rolling-window (BRW) causality test to explore the causal interrelationship between nuclear energy consumption (NUC) and carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) in 6 developed countries from 1980 to 2020. When there are structural shifts in the full-sample time series, empirical research exploring causality between two-time series generates erroneous conclusions. On the other hand, the BRW method allows researchers to find potential time-varying causality between time series using sub-sample data. The outcomes of the BRW causality test disclosed the following results: (i) a unidirectional negative causality from NUC to CO2 without feedback was found for Japan; (ii) a negative causality at sup-sample periods from NUC to CO2 surfaced at the sub-sample period while a positive causality surfaced from NUC to CO2 in sub-sample period for the United States of America (USA) and France; (iii) a negative feedback causality between NUC and CO2 was found For Canada; (iv) a positive unidirectional causality surfaced from NUC to CO2 was found for Germany, which implies that consumption of NUC worsens the environment in the sub-sampled period. The results may have policy consequences for the selected developed countries regarding NUC and CO2 nexus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to stimulate additional research on the entrepreneurship-as-emancipation perspective. We extend extant work by specifying the practices within developed regions from which entrepreneurs arguably pursue liberation and then developing hypotheses pertaining to the incidence, determinants, and outcomes associated with departure from such norms. Our survey findings offer evidence to question not only the prevalence with which entrepreneurs in such contexts deviate from the status quo, but also the characteristics of those who enact greater departure. On average, women are not more likely to do so; moreover, they tend to be less satisfied overall when they do deviate highly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most industrialized countries, temporary and non-standard forms of employment have become a pervasive feature of the labor market. At the firm level, however, their diffusion is less uniform than expected. While some firms exhibit high propensity to use non-standard labor, others make no use of it. The most conventional explanations (market uncertainty, production regimes, competitive pressure) fail to account for such heterogeneity. In this article, the authors develop an alternative explanation that links non-standard employment to the firm-specific availability of managerial resources: Whenever the latter are relatively scarce, firms make larger use of non-standard labor to reduce coordination and operating costs. Using a linked employer–employee panel of manufacturing firms from the Emilia-Romagna region (Italy), the authors provide empirical support for this explanation. The result is robust to different estimation strategies and controlling for alternative drivers of non-standard employment. This finding suggests that the use of non-standard labor is motivated by the firm's needs to compensate for specific managerial scarcities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Varying characteristics of developed and developing countries have resulted in different challenges and innovative solutions of city logistics. This study aimed to identify research clusters on city logistics between developed and developing economies and to systematically compare city logistics challenges and associated innovative solutions for both economies. Bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review were applied to analyze 328 peer-reviewed publications, comprising 229 (70%) and 99 (30%) articles addressing case studies in developed and developing economies, respectively. We discovered six research clusters in city logistics literature for developed countries, compared with only four for developing economies in which public policy has not been addressed. Urban growth, environmental challenges, and traffic congestion are the three major city logistics challenges in both types of economies. Furthermore, fleet increment and inadequate loading/unloading spaces are the city logistics challenges analyzed in the literature on developing countries compared with the literature on developed economies that addresses the challenges of education deficiency, regulation, emergence of new business models, and network accessibility and capacity. Consequently, innovative solutions adopted by developed countries demonstrate varied processes involving technology, policy (including public policy and sustainability measures), infrastructure, and economic measures, while for developing countries, the focus remains on effective and efficient distribution operations using optimization and collaboration efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizens in rich countries should shoulder the burden of alleviating global poverty because they are harming the poor, or so many argue. But the baseline for assessing harm is often unclear. This paper recommends a baseline for harm as rights violations. This baseline makes it clear that many of the attributions of harm made by proponents of the harm argument, instead of representing cases of harms caused, are rather instances of benefits withheld from the poor. A moral case can be made that benefits should be extended by the rich countries toward poor ones, but this case will look very different from a case for responsibility for harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: ADHD diagnosis rates are rising; however, currently, no effective treatment method that has been identified. This study compared the efficacy of CBT + M with M for adult ADHD. Methods: PubMed, Embase, WOS, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to July 29, 2023. Literature screening and data analysis were conducted. Results: The six randomized controlled studies included. Meta-analysis showed that CBT + M was more effective than M in improving ADHD symptoms. Subgroup analysis showed developed countries significant in ADHD symptoms improvement. At the 3-month, CBT + M was superior to M, but at the 6 and 9 months, no statistically significant differences were observed. Conclusion: CBT + M is more effective than M in improving adult ADHD symptoms and maintains an advantage for at least 3 months. It is recommended to intensifying CBT treatment after 3 months. Country and economy may influence results. Combined therapy for ADHD should be prioritized in developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Care in the postnatal period is a goal for all families with a newborn baby, and support from nurses might prevent long-term health problems and contribute to a positive postnatal experience. This meta-ethnography aims to integrate and synthesize qualitative studies that illuminate and describe nurses' perspectives on municipal postnatal health care in high-income countries. Systematic literature searches for qualitative studies were conducted and 13 articles were included. The analysis followed the seven phases of Noblit and Hare. Being a "warrior" to care for the new family was identified as an overarching metaphor accompanied by three main themes: Stretching human boundaries, Stretching system boundaries, and Stretching knowledge boundaries. The overarching metaphor offers a deeper understanding of the nurses as "warriors" who despite tight timeframes and heavy workloads are stretching toward a caring relationship with the families. Being a warrior continuously pushing system boundaries puts the nurses in risk of being overstretched, balancing between their ideals and the reality. As more knowledge and clearer policies and procedures regarding the inclusion of fathers and LGBTQ parents in municipal postnatal healthcare are needed, more focus placed on the father or non-birthing parent, different cultural traditions and family constellations in practice and education is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavioral interventions are increasingly being considered as useful complements of traditional climate-policy instruments. These interventions are so far mostly being studied and applied in high-income countries. Here, we examine their application to achieve carbon emissions reduction in low- and middle-income countries. This involves synthesizing evidence from meta-analyses and systematic reviews from developed countries and deriving general insights for developing countries. We also review evidence from primary studies in developing countries, organizing insights by major world regions. We discuss context dependence of findings, as well to what extent behavioral interventions are complementary to, and create synergies with, other policy instruments. We hope that the present overview serves as starting point to expand the currently small evidence base on climate-relevant behavioral interventions in developing countries. Suggestions are made how to move this research forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the needs of children with diverse needs, current legislation emphasizes the allocation of a special budget to address the needs of children with disabilities in Pakistan. However, Pakistan is one of the countries that is not investing a reasonable budget to accommodate the needs of children with disabilities like many other developing and developed countries. This column reports on three current issues in relation to children with disabilities in Pakistan: (a) education for children with disabilities, (b) challenges to inclusion of children with disabilities, and (c) current education status of children with disabilities. Suggestions for future directions are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In developed countries with declining population growth, sustainable rural economic growth is a problematic issue that is made more difficult by severe international cost-saving competition. Well-organized spatial and economic systems may play a key role in solving this specific problem. These systems can be achieved by spatial reorganization and agglomeration economies in less congested rural areas. However, rural areas typically have lower levels of social welfare partly as a result of the limited variety of goods and services, which further reduces centripetal forces on population and economic activity. Accordingly, in rural areas, it may be important to organize a spatial structure that sustains the distribution of a variety of goods and services in insufficient economies of scale and scope by coordinating a common local central place as an interregional spatial framework. This article examines a location model for forming an intermediate hierarchical center to maintain both efficiency and equity for economic agents in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This wellness tourism initiative is aimed at helping poor women in developing regions and countries escape from persistent poverty. The initiative is grounded in five key themes: (a) limited opportunities for women, due primarily to social and cultural constraints, to become productive members of the economy; (b) the dramatic growth in special interest travel, especially travel as it relates to health, wellness, and culinary tourism; (c) the increasing use of natural treatments and diets in developed countries to help people cope with stress and other ailments as an alternative to "modern" medicine with its myriad side effects; (d) the popularity of micro credit as a financing vehicle for incubating small businesses; and (e) the integration of the global supply chain making it easy to move materials across borders. At the confluence of these five themes lies an opportunity for poor women to create value with their traditionally endowed skills and abilities. In this concept note, I describe my vision for this idea, briefly go into each of these themes, and suggest how they may be combined in a novel and interesting way to give poor women an opportunity to climb out of poverty by doing well and doing good at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rising inequalities in rich countries have led to concerns that the economic ladder is getting harder to climb. Yet, research on trends in intergenerational income mobility finds conflicting results. To better understand this variation, we adopt a multiverse approach that estimates trends over 82,944 different definitions of income mobility, varying how and for whom income is measured. Our analysis draws on comprehensive register data for Swedish cohorts born 1958 to 1977 and their parents. We find that income mobility has declined, but for reasons neglected by previous research: improved gender equality in the labor market raises intergenerational persistence in women's earnings and the household incomes of both men and women. Dominant theories that focus on childhood investments have blinded researchers to this development. Methodologically, we show how multiverse analysis can be used with abduction—inference to the best explanation—to improve theory-building in social science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The overarching aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness over time of government interventions and policy restrictions and the impact of determinants on spread and mortality during the first-wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, globally, regionally and by country-income level, up to 18 May 2020. Methods: We created a global database merging World Health Organization daily case reports (from 218 countries/territories) with other socio-demographic and population health measures from 21 January to 18 May 2020. A four-level government policy interventions score (low to very high) was created based on the Oxford Stringency Index. Results: Our results support the use of very high government interventions to suppress both COVID-19 spread and mortality effectively during wave one globally compared to other policy levels of control. Similar trends in virus propagation and mortality were observed in all country-income levels and specific regions. Conclusions: Rapid implementation of government interventions was needed to contain the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak and to reduce COVID-19-related mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chinese diaspora caregivers in high-income countries make up a large proportion of the ethnic population and usually experience significant challenges in the care of their family members with dementia. Aim: The aims of this systematic review were to gain deep insights into Chinese diaspora caregivers' experiences and factors contributing to their experiences in the care of family members living with dementia in high-income countries. Methods: The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) meta-aggregative approach to qualitative studies was applied to this systematic review. The review also followed the PRISMA guidelines and was informed by the Life Course Theory. Six English databases were searched between August 2020 and September 2020. Results: In total, 330 articles were screened and 16 were included in the review. The number of caregivers included in these studies was 365 across four countries. Four synthesised findings with sub-themes were identified from studies reviewed. These synthesised findings were described as: (1) motivations to take on the caregiving role; (2) receiving limited dementia care education; (3) factors affecting access and use of care services; and (4) experiencing multifaced challenges. Conclusion: Dementia care policies need to address disparities between caregiver support for the mainstream group and Chinese diaspora caregivers. Dementia education and care services need to consider the positive impact that filial piety and Confucianism have on Chinese diaspora caregivers and empower them to use their strengths. Dementia care services need to be culturally adapted to meet this care group's needs, preferences and expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate regarding mitigation of carbon dioxide emissions and fiscal decentralization has gained extreme attention, but only a little evidence supports this issue. Therefore, this study adopts fiscal decentralization, green technology innovation, and institutional efficiency that reduce environmental degradation and help to create a sustainable environment in seventeen developed countries. This study applies a novel Methods of Moment's Quantiles Regression (MMQR) which helps to deal with asymmetricity, structural change and non-normality. The overall results exhibit emissions mitigating effect of fiscal decentralization, green technology innovation and institutional efficiency. However, the emissions mitigating effects of fiscal decentralization is the lowest for lower quantiles and the highest for higher emissions quantiles. In contrast, emission reduction effect of green technology innovation and institutional efficiency is higher for lowest quantiles and lower for highest quantiles. These results confirm the asymmetric effect of fiscal decentralization, green technology innovation, and institutional efficiency on carbon emissions, and validating that their effect is not alike across all distribution, rather significantly varied at lower, medium, and higher quantiles. These results offer valuable suggestions to improve the environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, social scientists have devoted increased attention to job insecurity, a highly prominent stressor for workers today. Although social movements literature has examined other economic threats as mobilizing agents, the potential for job insecurity to stoke protest participation remains unknown. To investigate this issue, I analyze survey data gathered by the European Social Survey (n = 35,891) via face-to-face interviews. Hierarchical logistic regressions reveal job insecurity is significantly associated with participation in protests and is more important for protest than any other individual economic indicator, such as poor income, unemployment, and negative perceptions of the wider economy. Its effect is modest compared with biographical and political factors, such as education and antigovernment beliefs. The mobilizing effect of job insecurity is more pronounced when combined with contextual factors that exacerbate insecurity, namely, working in unstable service and private sector jobs, or living in countries with poor social safety nets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]