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With the advantages of light absorption ability, photo-stability and moisture resistance, triple cation perovskites (TCPs) have great application prospects in optoelectronic devices. Here, we reveal a novel inverse photoconductivity (IPC) effect in TCP-based memristors with different conditions like iodine concentration, electrode type, and modified layer. First, the doping of iodine facilitates the negative conductivity effect, with the current switching mechanism changing between analog and digital type. When an active top electrode is applied, the hysteresis loop is largely reduced, and new photocarriers shield the trap effect, which leads to an unexpected decline of current values. Finally, the deposition of modified layers can largely reduce the current values. For the ZnO-modified layer, the conductivity enhancement induced by the electric pulse is reduced, and the retention characteristics of memristors become worse and decay faster under illumination. Our results would open a novel inverse photoconductivity horizon in perovskite photo-memristor applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glutathione (GSH), the main redox buffer, has long been recognized as a pivotal modulator of tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. It is also implicated in the resistance of platinum-based chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Therefore, depleting intracellular GSH was considered a potent solution to combating cancer. However, reducing GSH within cancer cells alone always failed to yield desirable therapeutic effects. In this regard, the convergence of GSH-scavenging agents with therapeutic drugs has thus been pursued in clinical practice. Unfortunately, the therapeutic outcomes are still unsatisfactory due to untargeted drug delivery. Advanced nanomedicine of synergistic GSH depletion and cancer treatment has attracted tremendous interest because they promise to deliver superior therapeutic benefits while alleviating life-threatening side effects. In the past five years, the authors and others have demonstrated that numerous nanomedicines, by simultaneously delivering GSH-depleting agents and therapeutic components, boost not only traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy but also multifarious emerging treatment modalities, including photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, ferroptosis, and immunotherapy, to name a few, and achieved decent treatment outcomes in a large number of rodent tumor models. In this review, we summarize the most recent progress in engineering nanomedicine for GSH depletion-enhanced cancer therapies. Biosynthesis of GSH and various types of GSH-consuming strategies will be briefly introduced. The challenges and perspectives of leveraging nanomedicine for GSH consumption-augmented cancer therapies will be discussed at the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imaging-guided photodynamic/photothermal (PDT/PTT) synergetic therapy is important in more precise and efficient cancer treatment. Herein, gadolinium-chelated porphyrin–protein composite based on gold nanorods (GNRs@BPP-Gd) was synthesized through a straightforward and environmentally friendly method. Based on the high longitudinal relaxivity (9.544 mM−1 s−1), GNRs@BPP-Gd can serve as a decent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe to steer treatment. A relevant cellular uptake assay showed that GNRs@BPP-Gd could be internalized into cancer cells effectively with negligible cytotoxicity. Furthermore, MRI-guided PDT/PTT studies in vivo indicated that GNRs@BPP-Gd could efficiently take effect after intravenous injection, leading to almost complete ablation at the tumor site. A single treatment was conducted for comparison with the combined treatment, indicating that synergetic therapy greatly enhanced the anti-tumor effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is limited by tumor hypoxia. To overcome hypoxia, catalase-like nanozymes are often used to catalyze endogenous H 2 O 2 enriched in tumor tissues to O 2 . Nonetheless, the catalase activity may not be optimal at body temperature and the O 2 supply may not meet the rapid O 2 consumption of PDT. Herein, we provide a two-pronged strategy to alleviate tumor hypoxia based on hollow mesoporous Prussian blue nanoparticles (HMPB NPs). HMPB NPs can efficiently load the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) and exhibit photothermal capability and temperature-dependent catalase activity. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, the photothermal effect of HMPB NPs elevated the catalase activity of HMPB NPs for O 2 production. Furthermore, mild hyperthermia reduced cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and induced extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. The reduction of CAFs and the ECM decreased the solid stress of tumor tissues and normalized the tumor vasculature, which was beneficial for the external supplementation of O 2 to tumors. Thereafter, under 606 nm laser irradiation, Ce6-mediated PDT generated excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induced tumor cell apoptosis and achieved a high tumor inhibition rate of 92.2% in 4T1 breast tumors. Our work indicated that the alleviation of tumor hypoxia from both internal and external pathways significantly enhanced Ce6-mediated PDT against breast cancers.

Imaging-guided photodynamic/photothermal (PDT/PTT) synergetic therapy is important in more precise and efficient cancer treatment. Herein, gadolinium-chelated porphyrin-protein composite based on gold nanorods (GNRs@BPP-Gd) was synthesized through a straightforward and environmentally friendly method. Based on the high longitudinal relaxivity (9.544 mM -1 s -1 ), GNRs@BPP-Gd can serve as a decent T 1 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe to steer treatment. A relevant cellular uptake assay showed that GNRs@BPP-Gd could be internalized into cancer cells effectively with negligible cytotoxicity. Furthermore, MRI-guided PDT/PTT studies in vivo indicated that GNRs@BPP-Gd could efficiently take effect after intravenous injection, leading to almost complete ablation at the tumor site. A single treatment was conducted for comparison with the combined treatment, indicating that synergetic therapy greatly enhanced the anti-tumor effect.