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Aims We sought to explore the latent classifications of psychosocial adaptation in young and middle-aged patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and analyse the characteristics of different profiles of AMI patients. Methods and results A cross-sectional study was performed in 438 Chinese young and middle-aged patients with AMI. The investigation time was 1 month after discharge. Three different self-report instruments were distributed to the participants, including the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Social Support Rating Scale. The seven dimensions of the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale were then used to perform a latent profile analysis. All participants signed informed consent forms in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Finally, a total of 411 young and middle-aged AMI patients were enrolled. Three distinct profiles were identified, including the 'well-adapted group' (44.8%), 'highlight in psychological burdens group' (25.5%), and 'poorly adapted group' (29.7%). The influencing factors included stress perception, social support, occupational type, and marital status (P < 0.05). Conclusion The psychosocial adaptation of young and middle-aged AMI patients can be divided into three profiles. Clinical nurses can carry out individualized psychological interventions according to the characteristics of patients in different potential profiles to improve the psychosocial adaptation of patients and the prognosis of their disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Publicized adverse events after vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) raised concern among patients with coronary atherosclerosis disease (CAD). We sought to study the association between SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and long-term clinical outcomes including ischaemic and bleeding events among patients with CAD. Methods and results Inpatients diagnosed with CAD by coronary angiography, without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, were included between 1 January and 30 April 2021, and underwent follow-up until 31 January 2022. Two doses of inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac, BBIBPCorV, or WIBP-CorV) were available after discharge, and the group was stratified by vaccination. The primary composite outcomes were cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, unplanned revascularization, ischaemic stroke, venous thrombo-embolism, or peripheral arterial thrombosis. The bleeding outcomes were Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 3 or 5 bleeding. Cox regression models with vaccination status as a time-dependent covariate were used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) for the outcomes. A propensity score matching method was used to reduce confounding biases. This prospective cohort study included 2078 individuals with CAD, 1021 (49.1%) were vaccinated. During a median follow-up of 9.1 months, 45 (4.3%) primary composite outcomes occurred in the unvaccinated group, and 33 (3.2%) in the vaccinated group. In Cox regression, the adjusted HR was 1.13 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65–1.93]. The adjusted HR for the bleeding outcomes associated with vaccination was 0.81 [95% CI 0.35–1.19]. After matching, the adjusted HR for the primary composite outcomes associated with vaccination was 1.06 [95% CI 0.57–1.99] and for the bleeding outcomes was 0.91 [95% CI 0.35–2.38]. Similar results were found in the seven prespecified subgroups. No grade 3 adverse reactions after vaccination were recorded. Conclusion Our results indicated no evidence of an increased ischaemic or bleeding risk after vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among Chinese patients with CAD, with limited statistical power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims The available literature on morbidity risk of cardiovascular diseases associated with ambient ozone pollution is still limited. This study examined the potential acute effects of exposure to ambient ozone pollution on hospital admissions of cardiovascular events in China. Methods and results A two-stage multi-city time-series study approach was used to explore the associations of exposure to ambient ozone with daily hospital admissions (n = 6 444 441) for cardiovascular events in 70 Chinese cities of prefecture-level or above during 2015–17. A 10 μg/m3 increment in 2-day average daily 8 h maximum ozone concentrations was associated with admission risk increases of 0.46% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28%, 0.64%] in coronary heart disease, 0.45% (95% CI: 0.13%, 0.77%) in angina pectoris, 0.75% (95% CI: 0.38%, 1.13%) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 0.70% (95% CI: 0.41%, 1.00%) in acute coronary syndrome, 0.50% (95% CI: 0.24%, 0.77%) in heart failure, 0.40% (95% CI: 0.23%, 0.58%) in stroke and 0.41% (95% CI: 0.22%, 0.60%) in ischemic stroke, respectively. The excess admission risks for these cardiovascular events associated with high ozone pollution days (with 2-day average 8-h maximum concentrations ≥100 µg/m3 vs. < 70 µg/m3) ranged from 3.38% (95% CI: 1.73%, 5.06%) for stroke to 6.52% (95% CI: 2.92%, 10.24%) for AMI. Conclusion Ambient ozone was associated with increased hospital admission risk for cardiovascular events. Greater admission risks for cardiovascular events were observed under high ozone pollution days. These results provide evidence for the harmful cardiovascular effects of ambient ozone and call for special attention on the control of high ozone pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The China ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) Care Project (CSCAP) was launched in 2011 to address the problems of insufficient reperfusion and long treatment delay in STEMI care in China. Aim To describe the baseline status of STEMI emergency care in Tertiary PCI Hospitals using Phase 1 (CSCAP-1) data. Design CSCAP-1 is a prospective multi-center STEMI registry. Methods and results A total of 4191 patients with symptom onset within 12 or 12–36 h requiring primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), were enrolled from 53 tertiary PCI hospitals in 14 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions of China in CSCAP-1. Among them, 49.0% were self-transported to the hospital, 26.5% were transferred to the hospital by calling the emergency medical services directly, and 24.5% were transferred from other hospitals. In patients with symptom onset within 12 h, 83.2% received primary PCI, 5.9% received thrombolysis and 10.9% received conservative medications. The median door-to-balloon time was 115 (85–170) min and the median door-to-needle time for in-hospital thrombolysis was 80 (50–135) min. The overall in-hospital all-cause mortality was 2.4%, while it was 5.3% in the non-reperfusion group and 2.1% in the reperfusion group (P  < 0.001). Conclusion Although a long treatment delay and a high proportion of patients transporting themselves to the hospital were observed, trends were positive with greater adoption of primary PCI and lower in-hospital mortality in tertiary hospitals in China. Our results provided important information for further integrated STEMI network construction in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within this context, Xu I et al i .[9] provide new data from the FAVOR III China trial, which sought to determine whether the peri-procedural use of quantitative flow ratio (QFR) to guide lesion selection for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) might improve clinical outcomes, compared with angiography-guidance alone. Accordingly, a greater proportion of lesions with QFR <= 0.80 was treated in the QFR-guided group than in the angiography-guided group [1990 (96.7%) of 2058 lesions vs. 1843 (91.1%) of 2023 lesions]. Keywords: Fractional flow reserve; Quantitative flow ratio; Non-invasive physiological assessment; Percutaneous coronary intervention; Major adverse cardiovascular events EN Fractional flow reserve Quantitative flow ratio Non-invasive physiological assessment Percutaneous coronary intervention Major adverse cardiovascular events e78 e80 3 09/01/22 20220701 NES 220701 Pressure wire-based physiological assessment with fractional flow reserve (FFR) and the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) more accurately identifies flow-limiting lesions than angiographic assessment alone. [Extracted from the article]

Background Since the first documented outbreak of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome inducing Coronavirus in China at the end of 2019 the virus has spread to all continents, leading the WHO to declare a pandemic in March 2020. While this virus primarily targets the alveoli in the lungs, multiple authors have described an increased rate of thrombo-embolic events in affected patients. We present this case of a myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary atherosclerosis in an otherwise healthy 48-year-old patient. Case summary A 48-year-old female, presenting with chest pain radiating to her left shoulder with no cardiovascular risk factors other than genetic predisposition, was screened for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and tested positive. Although computed tomography angiography excluded obstructive coronary heart disease, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed an acute myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary arteries of the inferior wall. The patient was treated with dual anti-platelet therapy, an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor and a statin, and assigned to a cardiac rehabilitation program. Conclusion We report a serious thrombo-embolic event during an oligosymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in a healthy, young patient. While these two diseases may have occurred simultaneously, by chance, it is possible that the pro-thrombotic effects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection facilitated the infarction. This case further demonstrates the significant cardiovascular morbidity potentially caused by SARS-CoV-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of the burden of new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) on long-term cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods and Results: This retrospective analysis consecutively included patients without a documented atrial fibrillation (AF) history who admitted for AMI at Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital between February 2014 and March 2018. Atrial fibrillation burden was measured as the percentage of time spent in AF, and its optimal cut-off value of 10.87% was identified by X-tile software. Of 2399 patients (mean age: 65.8 years, 76.6% of men), 278 (11.6%) developed NOAF during hospitalization. During a median follow-up of 2.7 years, the incidence of all-cause death was 3.19, 9.00, and 17.41 per 100 person-years in the sinus rhythm (SR), low-burden (AF burden ≤ 10.87%), and high-burden (AF burden > 10.87%) groups, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, it was the high-burden NOAF [hazard ratio (HR): 1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28-2.95] rather than the low-burden one (HR: 1.47, 95% CI: 0.97-2.21) that was significantly associated with increased mortality compared with SR. Concordant results were obtained in our propensity score-matched analyses [2.55 (1.57-4.16) and 1.32 (0.85-2.05) for high- and low-burden NOAF, respectively). In addition, post-myocardial infarction NOAF was associated with an increased risk of heart failure irrespective of its burden. Only those high-burden individuals were at heightened risk of ischaemic stroke. The restricted cubic spline curves illustrated a dose-response relationship of NOAF burden with outcomes.Conclusion: In patients with NOAF complicating AMI, high AF burden was strongly associated with long-term outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study of the development and evaluation of self-management intervention among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is lacking, especially in China. Aim: To examine the effects of a nurse-led individualized self-management program (NISMP) on health behaviors, control of cardiac risk factors, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with AMI undergoing PCI. Methods: The quasi-experimental design included a convenience sample of 112 participants recruited from a tertiary hospital in China. The participants were assigned to the control group (n = 56) or the intervention group (n = 56). The intervention group underwent the NISMP, which includes six group-based education sessions, a face-to-face individual consultation, and 12-month telephone follow-ups. Data were collected at baseline and at the end of the 12-month program using the Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile, the Risk Factors Assessment Form, and the Short Form 36-item Health Survey. Results: The baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the two groups were comparable (p > 0.05). After the 12-month intervention, the health behaviors and HRQoL of the participants in the intervention group had significantly improved (p < 0.05 for both) compared to those of the control group. Compared to the control group, the participants in the intervention group also reported significantly better control of cardiac risk factors including smoking (χ2 = 4.709, p = 0.030), low-density lipoprotein (χ2 = 4.160, p = 0.041), body mass index (χ2 = 3.886, p = 0.049) and exercise (χ2 = 10.096, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The NISMP demonstrated positive effects on health behaviors, control of cardiac risk factors, and HRQoL among Chinese patients with AMI undergoing PCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Periodic population surveys of smoking behavior can inform development of effective tobacco control strategies. We investigated smoking patterns, cessation, and knowledge about smoking hazards in China.Methods: A nationally representative cross-sectional survey recruited 176 318 people aged ≥18 years across 31 provinces of China in 2013-2014, using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling methods. The smoking patterns, cessation, and knowledge about smoking hazards were analyzed, overall and in population subgroups, adjusting for sample selection weight and post-stratification factors.Results: Among men, 60.7% were ever-smokers, with proportions of regular, occasional and former smokers being 46.3%, 5.5%, and 8.8% respectively. Among women, only 2.8% had ever smoked. The prevalence of ever smoking in men was higher in rural than urban areas (63.2% vs. 57.6%) and varied from 39.5% to 67.4% across 31 provinces. Among male regular smokers, the mean daily number of cigarettes smoked was 17.8, with mean age at first starting to smoke daily being 20.1 years. Among current smokers, one-third (32.6% men, 32.1% women) had tried to quit before and 36.8% (36.8% men, 35.5% women) intended to quit in the future. Of the Chinese adults, 75.9% recognized that smoking was hazardous, with the proportions believing that smoking could cause lung cancer, heart attack or stroke being 67.0%, 33.2%, and 29.5%, respectively and with 26.0% reporting that smoking could cause all these conditions.Conclusion: Among Chinese adults, the smoking prevalence remained high in men but was low in women. In both men and women, knowledge about smoking hazards was poor.Implications: This study showed that tobacco smoking remained highly prevalent among adult men in China in 2013-2014. Moreover, men born in recent decades were more likely to start smoking at younger ages and to smoke more cigarettes than those born in previous generations. There was a large regional variation in male smoking prevalence, with the least economically developed regions having higher prevalence. In contrast, few women in China smoked, especially among those born in recent decades. The contrasting smoking patterns in men and women is likely to result in an increasingly large gender disparity in life expectancy in the coming decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Of the Study: Genome-wide association studies have revealed an association of ADAMTS7 polymorphisms with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Nonetheless, the role of ADAMTS7 polymorphisms on myocardial infarction (MI) risk remains poorly understood. Here, we aim to evaluate the effect of ADAMTS7 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on individual susceptibility to MI.Study Design: Genotyping of the four tagSNPs (rs1994016, rs3825807, rs4380028 and rs7173743) was performed in 232 MI cases and 661 control subjects using PCR-ligase detection reaction (LDR) method. The association of these four tagSNPs with MI risk was performed with SPSS software.Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ADAMTS7 tagSNP rs3825807 exhibited a significant effect on MI risk. Compared with the TT homozygotes, the CT genotype (OR1.93, 95% CI1.30to 2.85, Pc=0.004) and the combined CC/CT genotypes (OR1.70, 95% CI1.16 to 2.50, Pc=0.028) were statistically significantly associated with the increased risk for MI. Further stratified analysis revealed a more significant association with MI risk among older subjects, hypertensives, non-diabetics and patients with hyperlipidaemia. Consistently, the haplotype rs1994016T-rs3825807C containing rs3825807 C allele exhibited increased MI risk (OR1.52, 95% CI1.10 to 2.10, p=0.010). However, we did not detect any association of the other three tagSNPs with MI risk.Conclusions: Our finding suggest that ADAMTS7 tagSNP rs3825807 contributes to MI susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. Further studies are necessary to confirm the general validity of our findings and to clarify the underlying mechanism for this association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key data elements for clinical management and outcomes of patients with coronary artery disease: definitions from Coronary Artery Disease and Creative Antithrombotic Clinical Research Collaboration (CardiaCare). Fast-growing AI and digital health technologies will inevitably bring revolutionary development in the field of cardiovascular disease, especially in the progress of cardiovascular clinical research, which will be worth promoting and adopting. Artificial intelligence (AI) and digital health technologies have become of increasing interest in cardiovascular medicine due to their unique ability to improve the quality of patient care and leverage growing data to facilitate personalized and precision medicine.[1],[2] The potential of AI in cardiovascular medicine is tremendous; however, the practical application of these technologies has not been fully integrated into the current clinical workflow. [Extracted from the article]