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Geometrically nonlinear vibrations of functionally graded shallow shells of complex planform are studied. The paper deals with a power-law distribution of the volume fraction of ceramics and metal through the thickness. The analysis is performed with the use of the R-functions theory and variational Ritz method. Moreover, the Bubnov-Galerkin and the Runge-Kutta methods are employed. A novel approach of discretization of the equation of motion with respect to time is proposed. According to the developed approach, the eigenfunctions of the linear vibration problem and some auxiliary functions are appropriately matched to fit unknown functions of the input nonlinear problem. Application of the R-functions theory on every step has allowed the extension of the proposed approach to study shallow shells with an arbitrary shape and different kinds of boundary conditions. Numerical realization of the proposed method is performed only for one-mode approximation with respect to time. Simultaneously, the developed method is validated by investigating test problems for shallow shells with rectangular and elliptical planforms, and then applied to new kinds of dynamic problems for shallow shells having complex planforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducted high-velocity penetration experiments using conventional ogive-nose, double-ogive-nose, and grooved-tapered projectiles of approximately 2.5 kg and initial velocities between 1000 and 1360 m/s to penetrate or perforate concrete targets with unconfined compressive strengths of nominally 40MPa. The penetration performance data of these three types of projectiles with two different types of materials (i.e., AerMet100 and DT300) were obtained. The crater depth model considering both the projectile mass and the initial velocity was proposed based on the test results and a theoretical analysis. The penetration ability and the trajectory stability of these three projectile types were compared and analyzed accordingly. The results showed that, under these experimental conditions, the effects of these two different kinds of projectile materials on the penetration depth and mass erosion rate of projectile were not obvious. The existing models could not reflect the crater depths for projectiles of greater weights or higher velocities, whereas the new model established in this study was reliable. The double-ogive-nose has a certain effect of drag reduction. Thus, the double-ogive-nose projectile has a higher penetration ability than the conventional ogive-nose projectile. Meanwhile, the grooved-tapered projectile has a better trajectory stability, because the convex parts of tapered shank generated the restoring moment to stabilize the trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular dynamics simulations of the ballistic Taylor test are used to explore correlation between the largest fragment mass and the impact energy of a projectile as well as a set of selected state variables. Flat-ended, monocrystalline, nanoscale bars collide with a rigid wall with striking velocities ranging from 0.27 km/s to 60 km/s. The investigation emphasis is on two border regions of the emerging nonlinear phenomenological model identified with two transitions: the damage-fragmentation transition and the shattering transition. In between these two nonlinear regions, the maximum fragment mass is largely inversely proportional to the impact energy, and the maximum values of the pressure, temperature, and the square of the effective strain. A reverse-sigmoid phenomenological model is proposed to capture the unifying features of this nonlinear and saturable dependence. A crystallographic orientation dependence of the damage-fragmentation transition parameters is investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the computational-based ballistic limit of laminated metal panels comprised of high strength steel and aluminium alloy Al7075-T6 plate at different thickness combinations to necessitate the weight reduction of existing armour steel plate. The numerical models of monolithic configuration, double-layered configuration and triple-layered configuration were developed using a commercial explicit finite element code and were impacted by 7.62 mm armour piercing projectile at velocity range of 900 to 950 m/s. The ballistic performance of each configuration plate in terms of ballistic limit velocity, penetration process and permanent deformation was quantified and considered. It was found that the monolithic panel of high-strength steel has the best ballistic performance among all panels, yet it has not caused any weight reduction in existing armour plate. As the weight reduction was increased from 20-30%, the double-layered configuration panels became less resistance to ballistic impact where only at 20% and 23.2% of weight reduction panel could stop the 950m/s projectile. The triple-layered configuration panels with similar areal density performed much better where all panels subjected to 20-30% weight reductions successfully stopped the 950 m/s projectile. Thus, triple-layered configurations are interesting option in designing a protective structure without sacrificing the performance in achieving weight reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]