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Migration to South Africa is motivated by the pursuit of employment, safety, and improved living conditions. However, immigrants encounter significant challenges, such as restricted access to essential services, which were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Malawian immigrants in South Africa, addressing the lack of attention given to this immigrant population by highlighting their vulnerabilities. Using a qualitative exploratory and descriptive approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 Malawi immigrants who were over 18 years old and had established residency in South Africa before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Five key stakeholders were also interviewed for additional perspectives and to ensure triangulation and improve data reliability. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis strategies and coding with Nvivo12 software. The study highlighted the exacerbated struggles of Malawian immigrants in South Africa amid the COVID-19 pandemic, uncovering systemic discrimination in healthcare, marked by longer wait times and reluctance from health workers to treat undocumented immigrants. The study also revealed a dire security situation, with immigrants living in high-crime areas and feeling particularly targeted due to their foreign status, a situation worsened by the pandemic's economic effects. Additionally, the economic downturn induced by COVID-19 significantly impacted employment opportunities, with many immigrants facing prolonged unemployment and job losses, especially in sectors where they traditionally found work. The detailed accounts of participants highlight not only the multifaceted challenges imposed by the pandemic but also the critical need for inclusive policies and support systems that ensure healthcare access, safety, and economic resilience for immigrants, particularly during global health emergencies. Future research should focus on effective interventions for socioeconomic integration and well-being, particularly for immigrants from other African countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of information age, various social groups and corresponding institutions are producing a large amount of information data every day. For such huge data storage and identification, in order to manage such data more efficiently and reasonably, traditional semantic similarity algorithm emerges. However, the accuracy of the traditional semantic similarity algorithm is relatively low, and the convergence of corresponding algorithm is poor. Based on this problem, this paper starts with the conceptual structure of language, analyzes the depth of language structure and the distance between nodes, and analyzes the two levels as the starting point. For the information of a specific data resource description frame type, the weight of interconnected edges is used for impact analysis so as to realize the semantic similarity impact analysis of all information data. Based on the above improvements, this paper also systematically establishes the data information modeling process based on language conceptual structure and establishes the corresponding model. In the experimental part, the improved algorithm is simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional algorithm, the algorithm has obvious accuracy improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safeguarding for healthcare involves working together to protect adults, children, and young people at risk of harm. Despite global research and national guidance outlining health professionals' roles in this regard, there is limited knowledge about the type of strategies used to mobilise safeguarding research to practitioners in England. Our critical interpretive synthesis (CIS) sought to explore how safeguarding knowledge is mobilised to enable practitioners to use research effectively. This synthesis aimed to bridge the theory-practice gap in mobilising safeguarding knowledge to practitioners. Knowledge mobilisation (KMb) is an emerging discipline concerned with moving knowledge across communities to catalyse change. This review aimed to build understanding about how safeguarding knowledge is mobilised for healthcare in England and to synthesise the type of approaches undertaken to protect adults and children from harms, including abuse. A critical interpretive synthesis was undertaken using KMb theory and computer-assisted modelling technologies for secondary thematic analysis of complex literature of relevance, including qualitative research, reviews, and reports. Few papers informed how safeguarding knowledge is mobilised for healthcare in England. Learning from experience dominated the literature in three ways: (i) crisis response, (ii) practice engagement, and (iii) influencing actions (for "best" practice). Embedding safeguarding knowledge and skills in healthcare settings usually followed a crisis response. Learning from experience showed movement between practice engagement and influencing actions for adult and/or child protection. KMb might be useful in supporting the implementation of evidence-based safeguarding for practice. CIS identified a gap in how safeguarding research is mobilised to practitioners for healthcare. KMb theory provided an analytical bridge to computer-assisted modelling of factors associated with moving learning from experience to learning in practice. Future research could build on hybrid synthesising of safeguarding functions and impacts for healthcare, to enable practitioners to protect adults and children from multiple harms, including violence and abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Cancer diagnosis is a complex and multifaceted process that can be stressful and anxiety-provoking for patients. Evidence-based tools and information aids that can be used for guiding and supporting patients during cancer investigations and after diagnosis are limited. This paper presents a user-centred codesign project that aims to develop a cancer pathway support tool for patients, carers, and healthcare professionals. Method. A mixed-method codesign approach was used including prototype development (January–March 2022), three online codesign workshops (April–June 2022), one-to-one feedback, and beta testing informed by the standardised Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) questionnaire (July–October 2022). Nine individuals with lived experience of cancer contributed to the project and are referred to as codesigners. Results. The codesigners valued the potential importance of a tool that can be used by the patients and carers if they want specific information about cancer investigations, diagnosis, and treatment. The ability to select what they need as opposed to long leaflets and generating their own questions for the healthcare providers were highlighted as important aspects of improving patient care. The tool was collectively designed to provide clear definitions of the cancer care pathway and easily accessible links from trusted resources and includes practical information to minimise the burden that can be experienced from preparation for appointments and tests. Beta testing results with a small sample of potential users including patients, carers, and healthcare providers (n = 23) showed high acceptability of the guide (range = 7–35, mean = 28.52, and standard deviation = 3.88) based on the TFA questionnaire. Conclusion. A cancer pathway support tool called "Your Cancer Pathway Support Guide (YCPSG)" was developed as a result of an iterative codesign process aiming to improve patient experience and outcomes for people referred on a suspected cancer pathway or who have been diagnosed with cancer. The tool provides information and support in both digital and PDF formats. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential impact of "Your Cancer Pathway Support Guide" on patient outcomes and experience and the wider system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile Healthcare Social Media (MHSM) is an innovative combination of mobile devices and mobile communication technology. How can users shift from spontaneous to conscious cognitive mode, break their usage inertia, and actively adapt to the social structure of mobile health social media to improve information-sharing performance? This study uses adaptive structuring theory as the theoretical foundation to deeply analyze adaptive information-sharing behavior and its specific forms in the mHealth social media environment; it uses cognitive shift theory and social exchange theory as the theoretical framework to comprehensively explore the antecedent motivations of users engaging in adaptive information-sharing behavior and its posterior effects. Theoretically, it promotes the innovation and development of information-sharing behavior research and the further deepening of the application of adaptive structuring theory at the information behavior level. It is also conducive to bridging the digital divide and maximizing the value of health information resources. This paper takes 1000 survey data as the experimental data source for studying the influence of mobile social media sharing behavior on the subjective well-being and mental health regulation of Internet users and concludes that in practice, it is beneficial to optimize the design of information-sharing-related functions in mobile health social media, improve the effect of user information sharing in mobile health social media environment, and enhance the efficiency of information sharing so that mobile social media sharing behavior can better contribute to the subjective well-being and mental health regulation of Internet users. This paper has an obvious psychological adjustment effect on groups who use too much social media and can help them analyze why they are affected by some social media, thereby producing psychological effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the concept of scope of practice for occupational health nurses. Background. Occupational health nurses (OHNs) practice in different industries alone or with other nurses, providing care to employees. The demand on occupational health nurses to respond to increasing organizational healthcare needs of employees and other healthcare demands raises the question, do occupational health nurses understand their scope of practice? Occupational health nurses inadvertently practicing outside their scope may jeopardize their nursing licenses, and the safety and quality of care of employees. Method. A literature review was conducted to identify defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences for the concept of scope of practice for OHNs. Walker and Avant's eight-step framework for concept analysis was applied. Results. The defining attributes of the scope of practice for OHN include but are not limited to standards and guidelines: competency, public safety; practicing certificates; using sound judgement; regulatory restrictions, limitations of practice in occupational health settings, and type of educational qualifications. The antecedents include education, training, competency, regulation, and experience. The consequences include improved quality care when education, training, and competencies are met within the practice guidelines. Possible disciplinary actions against the nurse and employer violation of workplace safety standards may occur. Conclusion. OHNs must understand and practice within their scope of practice even when placed in situations by their employers that could defy the limits of their practice. Defining the scope of practice for OHNs will lay the framework for research studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volunteering for an organisation, charity or group enables people to make connections with others and to be involved in interesting, worthwhile and/or enjoyable pursuits. Engaging in volunteering can form part of a social prescribing action plan developed between a patient and link worker. Greater understanding of the processes through which volunteering can improve people's well‐being as part of social prescribing will help to support link workers in their role. We conducted a best‐fit framework synthesis of qualitative literature on volunteering and well‐being. Our search of eight electronic databases, complemented by a Google search, conducted in June 2020, resulted in the location of 2210 potentially relevant references. After screening, 335 papers were read in full and 54 drawn upon within the review. They were published between 1993 and 2020. We used the New Economics Foundation's Five Ways to Well‐Being model to guide data extraction and synthesis. From this, we developed a conceptual framework that highlights how volunteering can contribute to identity validation and modification leading to the establishment of an acceptable sense of self. Our findings have implications for: (a) the use of volunteering as part of a link worker's toolkit as they seek to support people with varying psychosocial needs and (b) requirements of organisations accepting referrals to volunteering as part of social prescribing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 20th century, cancer has become one of the main diseases threatening human health. Liver cancer is a malignant tumor with extremely high clinical morbidity and fatality rate and easy recurrence after surgery. Research on the postoperative recurrence time and recurrence location of patients with liver cancer has a crucial influence on the postoperative intervention of patients. Evaluation of the clinical manifestations of patients after liver cancer surgery is conducted according to medical knowledge or national standards to determine the main factors affecting liver cancer rehabilitation. In order to better study the mechanism of liver cancer recurrence, this paper uses CS-SVM to predict the recurrence time of liver cancer patients, so as to timely intervene the patients. There are five evaluation indicators which are basic indicators, immune indicators, microenvironment indicators, psychological indicators, and nutritional indicators, respectively. This paper collects the clinical evaluation data of postoperative follow-up visits for patients with liver cancer in a hospital, improves the parameter selection process of the support vector machine by using the search ability of the cuckoo algorithm, and establishes an algorithm-optimized prediction model of support vector machine for the prognosis of liver cancer to predict the location and approximate time of recurrence. According to the clinical evaluation data of patients with liver cancer after surgery, logistics regression, BP neural network, and other related methods are used to predict the prognosis of liver cancer patients after surgery. The prediction effects of several methods are compared, and the superiority of the model is discussed. At the end of this article, we conducted an empirical analysis on the clinical evaluation data of patients with liver cancer after surgery. For the collected samples of 776 liver cancer recurrences after surgery, the established liver cancer prognosis outcome prediction model was used to predict the recurrence time and recurrence location, respectively. The mean square error of recurrence time prediction is 9.2101, which is much smaller than the prediction mean square error of BP neural network of 177.9451; the prediction accuracy of recurrence location is 95.7%, which is much higher than the 63.14% of logistic regression. The empirical analysis results show that the improved support vector machine model based on cuckoo established in this paper can effectively predict the time and location of cancer recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The objective was to investigate the impact of structural empowerment and demographic factors on the psychological empowerment of nurses. Background. The empowerment of nurses plays a crucial role in improving patient care and achieving successful healthcare outcomes. When nurses feel empowered in their work environment, they tend to remain dedicated to their jobs and experience higher levels of job satisfaction and engagement. Methods. This cross-sectional study utilized a convenience sample of 287 nurses recruited from various hospital units, resulting in a response rate of 94.7%. Data were collected through a paper survey consisting of three sections: structural empowerment, psychological empowerment, and demographics. Results. The first hierarchical regression explains 57.0% variance in nurses' psychological empowerment (F = 78.52, p < 0.001). Age (β = 0.37, p < 0.01) and structural empowerment (β = 0.69, p < 0.001) have a positive influence on nurses' psychological empowerment. Conversely, having a bachelor's degree (β = −0.16, p < 0.01) had a negative impact psychological empowerment. The second hierarchical regression clarifies the specific aspects of structural empowerment that influences positively on nurses' psychological empowerment: access to opportunities (β = 0.13, p < 0.01), support (β = 0.13, p < 0.01), resources (β = 0.35, p < 0.001), and informal power (β = 0.12, p < 0.01). Conclusion. This study emphasizes the importance of considering demographic variables, such as age and education, in conjunction with structural empowerment to effectively enhance nurses' psychological empowerment. Implications for Nursing Management. Nursing managers should tailor their empowerment strategies based on the demographic characteristics of their nurses. It is essential to focus on providing nurses with access to opportunities, support, resources, and informal power. These insights provide valuable guidance for nursing managers to enhance nurses' psychological well-being, job satisfaction, and overall quality of life. Ultimately, this contributes to positive outcomes for patients, nursing staff, and healthcare organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crisis intervention services for people experiencing psychological distress and suicidal ideation are frequently described by the people accessing them as failing to meet their needs. This paper reports a prominent finding from a realist evaluation of Taranaki Retreat—a charitable, non‐clinical organisation in New Zealand, which offers free respite for people experiencing acute distress. Using qualitative methods, the study aimed to move beyond vague notions regarding the helpfulness of respite, to a deeper understanding of the contextual factors and mechanisms which generate outcomes for such an intervention. Participant observation, focus groups with staff, semi‐structured interviews with service users, and analysis of service users' case notes were conducted over a six‐month period in 2018. The most prominent finding from the study related to 'genuine care'—care which is interpreted by the recipient as being motivated by a genuine desire to help. We present this finding as to the central mechanism in a wider programme theory developed through the realist evaluation study. We also present five key features of the care participants were offered at Taranaki Retreat which contributed to their common interpretation regarding the motivations behind this care. Upon considering the centrality of this mechanism we conclude that, in designing crisis interventions, greater consideration should be given to how the intervention can demonstrate genuine care. Having highlighted the ways in which the structure of charitable organisations appears conducive for interpretations of genuine care, we further conclude that the provision of comprehensive crisis intervention by charitable organisations should be further explored and supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main semantic symbol systems for people to express their emotions include natural language and music. The analysis and establishment of semantic association between language and music is helpful to provide more accurate retrieval and recommendation services for text and music. Existing researches mainly focus on the surface symbolic features and association of natural language and music, which limits the performance and interpretability of applications based on semantic association of natural language and music. Emotion is the main meaning of music expression, and the semantic range of text expression includes emotion. In this paper, the semantic features of music are extracted from audio features, and the semantic matching model of audio emotion analysis is constructed to analyze ethnic music audio emotion through feature extraction ability of deep structure. The model is based on the framework of emotional semantic matching technology and realizes the emotional semantic matching of music fragments and words through semantic emotional recognition algorithm. Multiple experiments show that when W = 0.65 , the recognition rate of multichannel fusion model is 88.42%, and the model can reasonably realize audio emotion analysis. When the spatial dimension of music data changes, the classification accuracy reaches the highest when the spatial dimension is 25. Analysing the semantic association of audio promotes the application of folk music in occupational therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) began several thousand years ago, and the knowledge of practitioners is recorded in paper and electronic versions of case notes, manuscripts, and books in multiple languages. Developing a method of information extraction (IE) from these sources to generate a cohesive data set would be a great contribution to the medical field. The goal of this study was to perform a systematic review of the status of IE from TCM sources over the last 10 years. Methods. We conducted a search of four literature databases for articles published from 2010 to 2021 that focused on the use of natural language processing (NLP) methods to extract information from unstructured TCM text data. Two reviewers and one adjudicator contributed to article search, article selection, data extraction, and synthesis processes. Results. We retrieved 1234 records, 49 of which met our inclusion criteria. We used the articles to (i) assess the key tasks of IE in the TCM domain, (ii) summarize the challenges to extracting information from TCM text data, and (iii) identify effective frameworks, models, and key findings of TCM IE through classification. Conclusions. Our analysis showed that IE from TCM text data has improved over the past decade. However, the extraction of TCM text still faces some challenges involving the lack of gold standard corpora, nonstandardized expressions, and multiple types of relations. In the future, IE work should be promoted by extracting more existing entities and relations, constructing gold standard data sets, and exploring IE methods based on a small amount of labeled data. Furthermore, fine-grained and interpretable IE technologies are necessary for further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the realization of auditory augmented reality (AAR), it is important that the room acoustical properties of the virtual elements are perceived in agreement with the acoustics of the actual environment. This perceptual matching of room acoustics is the subject reviewed in this paper. Realizations of AAR that fulfill the listeners' expectations were achieved based on pre-characterization of the room acoustics, for example, by measuring acoustic impulse responses or creating detailed room models for acoustic simulations. For future applications, the goal is to realize an online adaptation in (close to) real-time. Perfect physical matching is hard to achieve with these practical constraints. For this reason, an understanding of the essential psychoacoustic cues is of interest and will help to explore options for simplifications. This paper reviews a broad selection of previous studies and derives a theoretical framework to examine possibilities for psychoacoustical optimization of room acoustical matching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Caring for older people has become a focus for simulation‐based education. Specifically, aging simulation has emerged as an innovative and effective educational approach that utilizes aging‐suits for nurses to gain insight into the aging process and the everyday difficulties faced by older people. There is limited evidence within the literature about how researchers and educators support decision‐making processes in the design, implementation, and evaluation of aging simulation programs. Aim: This is a theoretical development paper and its purpose is to explore the practical application of the Jeffries Simulation Theory in the design, implementation, and evaluation of an aging simulation program to contribute to knowledge development and guide educational practices for nurse educators and researchers. Results: The authors describe a practical application of the theory to an aging simulation program using the five key theory components: context, background, design, simulation experience, and outcomes. Specific theory strengths are highlighted in practical examples generated from the authors aging simulation interventional study example: engaging stakeholders, consideration of additional observer simulation roles, reflective debrief discussions, influence of facilitator and participant personal attributes, and outcomes beyond the participants. Conclusion: The Jeffries Simulation Theory is well suited for underpinning the design, implementation, and evaluation of aging simulation programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies on symptom clusters among cancer patients have been conducted intensively. However, the concept seems not to be well defined, hindering its utilization in clinical practice. Aim: The aim of this paper is to reconceptualize symptom cluster and discuss areas of future research. Results: A cluster of symptoms should not be viewed as simply as a group of symptoms appearing together. It should be clinically relevant, and symptom members should be interactive or have a mutual etiology. A cluster is declared as stable if its "quality" or "nature" is remained instead of merely having the same number of symptoms. Importantly, each symptom cluster should have a sentinel symptom. The sentinel symptom could be the one that predicts the presence of the cluster or could be the one that significantly interacts with other symptoms. The search for symptom clusters, which are common among various patient groups, might be helpful in some aspects. However, to better understand them, symptom clusters should be examined in specific populations. Conclusion: The nature of the relationship between symptom members, clinical relevance, sentinel symptom, stability, and prevalence are important features of a symptom cluster. More explorations into these properties by future studies are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper aims to unpack the concept of "skill mix" into its constituent parts to achieve a better understanding and reduce confusion associated with the term. Background: Skill mix is a topic that is widely debated and is foremost on the health policy agenda due to specific local pressures within international health services. At present, however, there is large variation in terms of what is understood by the concept of "skill mix" and there is a paucity of research that attempts to analyse this concept. Evaluation: Using Rodgers' evolutionary method of concept analysis, this paper provides an analysis of definitions of skill mix, its attributes and associated terms in the literature. Key issue: Definitions of skill mix are often vague and ambiguous and may refer to one or more attributes of skill mix. Conclusion: A lack of understanding of the concept can lead to an ad hoc interpretation of policy recommendations related to skill mix at local level. Implications for Nursing Management: A better understanding of the concept of "skill mix" and its attributes can assist both policy makers and stakeholders, including nurse management, to ensure that the potential of skill mix is maximized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. This paper aimed to examine the current state of nurse safety behavior, and the effect of work engagement on it, and to explore the mediating effect of self-efficacy between work engagement and nurse safety behavior in specialized cancer hospitals. Background. Nurse safety behavior affects the quality of care and outcomes for patients with cancer. The research proves that self-efficacy is associated with work engagement, but the relationship between self-efficacy, work engagement, and nurse safety behavior needs to be clarified. Methods. This study used a convenience sampling method to survey 957 nurses from January to February 2023. The survey included tertiary specialized cancer hospitals in five provinces in China. Sociodemography information, the Work Engagement Scale, the Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Nurse Safety Behavior Scale were used for the survey. A Questionnaire Star program collected all the data automatically. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 24 was employed for Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis to examine the association between work engagement, self-efficacy, and nurse safety behavior. Structural equation models were built using Analysis of Moment Structures version 24.0 software. Results. The results showed that the nurse safety behavior was at a high level in specialized cancer hospitals. There was a significant positive relationship between the variables work engagement, self-efficacy, and nurse safety behavior with coefficients ranging from 0.244 to 0.564. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that self-efficacy partially mediated the effect between work engagement and nurse safety behavior, accounting for 25.3% of the total effect. Conclusion. Self-efficacy mediates the relationship between work engagement and nurse safety behavior, and by increasing self-efficacy, nurse safety behavior can be improved, thus ensuring patient safety. Implications for Nursing Management. Managers should promote high work engagement and nurse safety behaviors by fostering nurses' self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community safety has become an important part of social public safety. The construction of a safe community focuses on the accumulation of community safety capabilities. This paper discusses the application of big data technology in community safety construction and the improvement of community safety promotion capabilities. We analyzed the sources and collection methods of community data, classified multisource heterogeneous community data, and constructed seven types of community data. We designed the conceptual structure and storage structure of the community database. On the basis of the construction of the community database, the architecture design of the big data platform for community security was launched. From the perspective of different user types, the functional requirements of the big data platform were analyzed. Combined with demand analysis, the overall architecture design of the community big data platform was carried out. On the basis of the overall architecture, the application architecture and technical architecture were designed in more detail, and the key technologies of the community big data platform were analyzed. Finally, it analyzes how to use the community big data platform to predict public security risks by constructing a CART regression tree model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To discuss the importance of fostering an ethos of cultural humility development in cultivating inclusiveness and effective intercultural team working. Background: Widening cultural and ethnic diversity of the health care workforce enriches the working environment and encourages a broader perspective on health care services and delivery. However, the intricacies of learning to work effectively within intercultural health care teams and adapting to new ways of working are often under estimated and thus overlooked. Evaluation: In adopting a framework for cultural humility development (Hughees et al., 2020, 10.1016/j.profnurs.2019.06.005), this paper proposes some practical suggestions for nurturing intrapersonal, interpersonal and system level cultural humility simultaneously. Key Issues: Fostering an ethos of cultural humility development within the workplace can support inclusiveness and better intercultural team working relationships. Nurses need support in developing awareness of their own cultural beliefs, whilst examining perceptions of cultural difference. Conclusion: Examining cultural factors that influence intercultural working relationships will help in identifying structures, supports and approaches required for integration and inclusiveness. Implications for Nursing Management: Nurturing ways of supporting interpersonal, intrapersonal and systems levels cultural humility development inspires the self‐awareness, openness and respect for cultural difference required. Developing culturally responsive leadership styles and prioritizing their own cultural humility development is critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer is a critical imperilment to a female's health due to its malignancy and fatality rate. The disease can be thoroughly cured by locating and treating the infected tissues in the preliminary phase. The traditional practice for screening cervical cancer is the examination of cervix tissues using the Papanicolaou (Pap) test. Manual inspection of pap smears involves false-negative outcomes due to human error even in the presence of the infected sample. Automated computer vision diagnosis revamps this obstacle and plays a substantial role in screening abnormal tissues affected due to cervical cancer. Here, in this paper, we propose a hybrid deep feature concatenated network (HDFCN) following two-step data augmentation to detect cervical cancer for binary and multiclass classification on the Pap smear images. This network carries out the classification of malignant samples for whole slide images (WSI) of the openly accessible SIPaKMeD database by utilizing the concatenation of features extracted from the fine-tuning of the deep learning (DL) models, namely, VGG-16, ResNet-152, and DenseNet-169, pretrained on the ImageNet dataset. The performance outcomes of the proposed model are compared with the individual performances of the aforementioned DL networks using transfer learning (TL). Our proposed model achieved an accuracy of 97.45% and 99.29% for 5-class and 2-class classifications, respectively. Additionally, the experiment is performed to classify liquid-based cytology (LBC) WSI data containing pap smear images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the correct way to determine the financing package for infrastructure projects, identifying proper processes, resources, techniques, and instruments to realize successful financing approaches, and private sector participation in providing development infrastructures are irrefutable. The main purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive model covering these complex issues. To this end, using the library studies, receiving expert opinion, and recognizing international financing processes, information was gathered on this subject; therefore, in this paper, the model of designing financing package for infrastructure projects is processed and identified, and designing the financing structure is closely related to the ownership structure of the project and its guaranteed package. These will change in a repeatable process until the end of the preparation phase and sometimes in project steps. The ownership of the infrastructure projects is determined by this repeatable process, which defines initial sponsors, costs, and benefits for partners, types of financial instruments, and techniques and evaluates risks and capital structure. In this paper, we suggest a model to help practitioners more effectively and systematically finance infrastructures. The development of guidelines and information resources in this field is one of the effective measures to build capacity and eliminate possible ambiguities and misunderstandings about public-private partnership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between community care services and ageing in place in urban China. Using data from the 2010 Sample Survey on Aged Population in Urban/Rural China, and within the framework of a revised version of Andersen's model, the paper applies multilevel models and analyses the effects of community care on the preference between ageing in place and institutional care, and reveals that ageing in place is preferred even in urban China. However, the existence of community care services had no significant effect on the preference for ageing in place. The paper concludes by arguing that China needs to develop its community care services and promote the idea of community care in both culture and policy. Realising ageing in place also requires a multidisciplinary approach. A model of shared care, between family and state, is particularly appropriate for China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social care Personal Assistants (PAs) are directly employed by individuals to assist with activities of daily living such as help or support with personal care, shopping, household tasks and community participation. This option is encouraged by UK public funding. In England, disabled people's support organisations initially offered assistance with such arrangements, although numbers doing this have declined. The Covid‐19 pandemic provided the opportunity to ask those remaining organisations providing support for PA employers about their activities during this time and the questions being posed to them by PA employers. This paper reports data from 15 interviews undertaken March–July 2021 with disability support organisation representatives. We identified one overarching theme 'Working to prevent and challenge marginalisation of PA employers', with three related subthemes: (1) Advocating for the voice of a forgotten group; (2) Needing to be proactive and (3) Adapting to new tasks and ways of working. Participant accounts focused on representing the needs of disabled people to the authorities and providing concise, timely and accurate information to PA employers, particularly around the use of public funds during Covid‐19. Remote working amplified the digital‐divide, resulting in these organisations working hard to ensure PA employers received important information about their support options. Befriending services and Covid‐hubs were established by some organisations to reduce isolation and risks of poor mental health amongst PA employers. Many of the challenges facing PA employers existed pre‐pandemic but were perceived to have been heightened during it, reflecting the value of and need for the work of these local support organisations. Our findings suggest areas where effective contingency planning drawn from closer collaboration between disability support organisations and central and local government might usefully be focussed. The potential for specific services or organisations to be commissioned to provide such support is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the provision of trauma‐informed psychoeducation for carers of adolescents who have experienced traumatic events has been shown to be a fundamental aspect of the recovery process, it is not routinely made available to the social care workers who look after unaccompanied asylum‐seeking adolescents living in residential care. Furthermore, the development of the content of trauma‐informed psychoeducation is rarely informed by those who have experienced trauma or the professionals who support them. This paper documents the process of ensuring that these voices inform the development and delivery of trauma‐informed psychoeducation for the social care workers working in this context. Four clinical reflection and three professional reflection composites were developed from the reflexive clinical journal data of the author's clinical practice as an expressive arts psychotherapist working with 28 unaccompanied minors during a 4‐year period. As well as drawing on clinical reflections from therapy sessions (one to two paragraphs per session), the composite material drew on notes on informal conversations between the author and the professionals involved in the lives of unaccompanied minors (one to two paragraphs weekly). The latter was often a response to different situations which arose with the unaccompanied minors in their care, thereby demonstrating the need for a more structured and formalised delivery of psychoeducation for these professionals. The composite material was complemented with a training needs assessment in the form of a vignette and accompanying open questions conducted with 30 social care workers looking after unaccompanied minors in residential care. Reflexive thematic analysis on combined data sets identified the following themes: Impact of trauma on everyday livesTrauma‐informed engagementHelping with difficult feelings and lossReducing the stigma of therapy The resulting training content was enhanced by the selection of tools and techniques developed by a number of clinicians–researchers with expertise in healing post‐traumatic stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trauma in early childhood has been shown to adversely affect children's social, emotional, and physical development. Children living in out‐of‐home care (OoHC) have better outcomes when care providers are present for children, physically, psychologically, and emotionally. Unfortunately, the high turnover of out‐of‐home carers, due to vicarious trauma (frequently resulting in burnout and exhaustion) can result in a child's trauma being re‐enacted during their placement in OoHC. Organisation‐wide therapeutic care models (encompassing the whole organisation, from the CEO to all workers including administration staff) that are trauma‐informed have been developed to respond to the complex issues of abuse and neglect experienced by children who have been placed in OoHC. These models incorporate a range of therapeutic techniques, and provide an overarching approach and common language that is employed across all levels of the organisation. The aim of this study was to investigate the current empirical evidence for organisation‐wide, trauma‐informed therapeutic care models in OoHC. A systematic review searching leading databases was conducted for evidence of organisation‐wide, trauma‐informed, out‐of‐home care studies, between 2002 and 2017. Seven articles were identified covering three organisational models. Three of the articles assessed the Attachment Regulation and Competency framework (ARC), one study assessed the Children and Residential Experiences programme (CARE), and three studies assessed The Sanctuary Model. Risk of bias was high in six of the seven studies. Only limited information was provided on the effectiveness of the models identified through this systematic review, although the evidence did suggest that trauma‐informed care models may have significantly positive outcomes for children in OoHC. Future research should focus on evaluating components of trauma‐informed care models and assessing the efficacy of the various organisational care models currently available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Specialist supported accommodation services have become a key component of most community‐based mental healthcare systems. While mental health policies highlight the importance of service user involvement in service development and care planning, there are no comprehensive literature reviews synthesising services users’ perspectives on, or experiences of, supported accommodation services. This systematic review was undertaken to fill this gap. We searched electronic databases (January 2015, updated June 2017), conducted hand searches and used forward‐backward snowballing to identify 13,678 papers. We inspected the full‐text of 110 papers and included 50 of these in the final review. Data extraction and quality assessments were conducted. We used narrative synthesis to develop a conceptual model of service users’ experiences that included structural, process, relational and contextual factors, such as the characteristics of the service, relationships with staff and other service users, the intensity and nature of support, the physical environment, and social and community integration. The review highlights the complex interplay of individual, service‐level and community factors in shaping the lived experience of service users and their impact on personal identity and recovery. Our approach addressed some of the widely reported limitations of the quantitative research in this field, providing a conceptual model relevant to service user experiences across supported accommodation service types, population groups and countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MapReduce is the preferred cloud computing framework used in large data analysis and application processing. MapReduce frameworks currently in place suffer performance degradation due to the adoption of sequential processing approaches with little modification and thus exhibit underutilization of cloud resources. To overcome this drawback and reduce costs, we introduce a Parallel MapReduce (PMR) framework in this paper. We design a novel parallel execution strategy of Map and Reduce worker nodes. Our strategy enables further performance improvement and efficient utilization of cloud resources execution of Map and Reduce functions to utilize multicore environments available with computing nodes. We explain in detail makespan modeling and working principle of the PMR framework in the paper. Performance of PMR is compared with Hadoop through experiments considering three biomedical applications. Experiments conducted for BLAST, CAP3, and DeepBind biomedical applications report makespan time reduction of 38.92%, 18.00%, and 34.62% considering the PMR framework against Hadoop framework. Experiments' results prove that the PMR cloud computing platform proposed is robust, cost-effective, and scalable, which sufficiently supports diverse applications on public and private cloud platforms. Consequently, overall presentation and results indicate that there is good matching between theoretical makespan modeling presented and experimental values investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to synthesize available literature describing the development, implementation and evaluation of a Professional Practice Model. Background: A Professional Practice Model is an overarching theory‐based framework that depicts nursing values and defines the structure and process of nursing care. No research has synthesized available literature on this topic in recent times. Evaluation: A review of English language papers was published from 2015 to 2022. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Key Issues: All studies highlighted the importance of having a Professional Practice Model that reflects nursing care activities and resonates with nurses across an organization. This is achieved through strong leadership and clinical nurse involvement during the development, implementation and evaluation phases. In addition, a model should be adapted to keep up to date with scientific changes relevant to nursing. Conclusions: This review adds to the body of knowledge on the development, implementation and evaluation of a Professional Practice Model. Future research exploring the benefit of a Professional Practice Model on patient outcomes would be useful. Implications for nursing management: The key elements of a Professional Practice Model including six components and theoretical foundation have been summarized in this review. Nurse leaders should consider these key elements in the creation of a Professional Practice Model. For successful enculturation, a Professional Practice Model needs to be relevant to all nurses and easy for them to articulate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To find out whether psychological capital has a mediating role in the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention on nurses. Design and Methods: This study is a cross‐sectional descriptive study. 466 nurses participated in this study. Data were collected via paper‐and‐pencil format using Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, Psychological Capital Questionnaire and Turnover Intention Scale. Conclusions: Our findings revealed effects of poor psychological capital among nurses. The effect of psychological capital was statistically significant and it partially mediated job satisfaction and turnover intention. Practice Implications: Initiative sand training programs should be planned to improve nurses' attitudes towards psychological capital levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the existing, extensive scientific evidence in the literature, men on average are living sicker and dying younger at a higher rate compared to women. The causes of men's infirmities are complex and multifaceted, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality rates and decreased life expectancy. Despite the statistics of the doomed health status among men, interests to eliminate their health disparities remain inconsistent and ill‐defined. Therefore, efforts to eradicate men's health disparities should be positioned in interdisciplinary health education, research, and policy using sex and gender‐based health frameworks. The purpose of this paper is to explore men's health generally by discussing common health disparities, the causes of the gender gap in men's health outcomes, proposing some strategies for advancing men's health, and finally providing nursing implications for education, practice, research, and health/public policy. Notably, interdisciplinary, gender‐based health education potentially has significant impacts on men's health. The promotion of such initiatives can consequently address the intricacies of men's health, which will provide future healthcare professionals with the knowledge, attitude, and skills necessary to improve men's health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informal caregiving for a person living with glioma can be both rewarding and multidimensionally challenging, given the potential for debilitating symptoms, cognitive impairment or personality changes, as early as diagnosis. There is growing evidence that, due to the demands of care, experiences and feelings of loneliness and isolation among informal caregivers are widespread, and opportunities for quality or meaningful social connectedness are lacking. While considerable research has quantified the causes and effects of loneliness and isolation in informal care contexts, the lived experience of loneliness has received relatively little attention. The aim of this study was to better understand the everyday experiences of a group of home‐based informal caregivers of people living with glioma in Queensland, Australia. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with 32 informal caregivers, purposively sampled, and recruited through a tertiary hospital, in this paper, we explore how the various experiences, demands, and social and relational dynamics in/of informal care (re)produce forms of isolation and loneliness. Using the framework approach to thematic analysis, we derived four themes: (a) the 'need' to be near the care recipient, and the implications for caregiver mobility; (b) the strong sense of responsibility for care, and the virtues of 'good' caring; (c) experiences of loneliness in the company of others and (d) postponement of social connection and minimising the self. The findings, we argue, are reflective of broader social and moral norms and expectations within experiences of home‐based informal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper presents HAR as an expression of caring to create social justice within nursing and achieve a workforce that is representative of those being served. Background: The lack of diversity within the health professions has been expressly linked in the literature to health disparities among underrepresented and marginalized groups. Recommendations: Recognizing the value of diversity within healthcare has been the impetus for some health profession programs to use holistic admissions review (HAR) in the assessment and evaluation of applicant suitability. While current HAR recommendations in nursing broaden the lens on which criteria should be used to determine applicant suitability beyond standard academic metrics, existing models do not examine applicants' caring capacity. Conclusion: Given caring is the essence of nursing, the authors offer a guiding framework to supplement the American Association of Colleges of Nursing criteria for HAR and a model by which nursing applicants are evaluated on their capacity to care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the temporal trends in the place of death among patients in receipt of home‐based palliative care can help direct health policies and planning of health resources. This paper aims to assess the temporal trends in place of death and its determinants over the past decade for patients receiving home‐based palliative care. This paper also examines the impact of early referral to home‐based palliative care services on patient's place of death. Survey data collected in a home‐based end‐of‐life care program in Toronto, Canada from 2005 to 2015 were analysed using a multivariate logistic model. The results suggest that the place of death for patients in receipt of home‐based palliative care has changed over time, with more patients dying at home over 2006–2015 when compared to 2005. Also, early referral to home‐based palliative care services may not increase a patient's likelihood of home death. Understanding the temporal shifts of place of death and the associated factors is essential for effective improvements in home‐based palliative care programs and the development of end‐of‐life care policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arrhythmias are anomalies in the heartbeat rhythm that occur occasionally in people's lives. These arrhythmias can lead to potentially deadly consequences, putting your life in jeopardy. As a result, arrhythmia identification and classification are an important aspect of cardiac diagnostics. An electrocardiogram (ECG), a recording collecting the heart's pumping activity, is regarded the guideline for catching these abnormal episodes. Nevertheless, because the ECG contains so much data, extracting the crucial data from imagery evaluation becomes extremely difficult. As a result, it is vital to create an effective system for analyzing ECG's massive amount of data. The ECG image from ECG signal is processed by some image processing techniques. To optimize the identification and categorization process, this research presents a hybrid deep learning-based technique. This paper contributes in two ways. Automating noise reduction and extraction of features, 1D ECG data are first converted into 2D pictures. Then, based on experimental evidence, a hybrid model called CNNLSTM is presented, which combines CNN and LSTM models. We conducted a comprehensive research using the broadly used MIT_BIH arrhythmia dataset to assess the efficacy of the proposed CNN-LSTM technique. The results reveal that the proposed method has a 99.10 percent accuracy rate. Furthermore, the proposed model has an average sensitivity of 98.35 percent and a specificity of 98.38 percent. These outcomes are superior to those produced using other procedures, and they will significantly reduce the amount of involvement necessary by physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Case management is a complex intervention aimed at addressing a variety of health needs of people in their social environment. Case management for people with dementia is often poorly defined and insufficiently described. The crucial process steps are often not well understood. We aim to map and compare the key components, processes and contextual factors of case management programmes for dementia and to explore aspects of the interventions' generalisability. Our search covered the databases PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane and GeroLit, as well as policy papers from international organisations. We included qualitative, quantitative and mixed‐methods studies in the English or German language that was published between 1999 and 2020. The programmes were analysed according to programme characteristics, case management intervention and the structural and processing conditions. We identified 67 studies dealing with 25 programmes. Approximately half of the programmes were investigated in randomised controlled trials, two programmes used a mixed‐methods design and the remaining were the subject of pre‐post cohort studies. Participants in the studies were predominantly dyads of people with dementia and their informal caregivers. About half of the programmes reported a theoretical framework. All the programmes were derived from case management approaches or referred to such approaches. Despite huge differences in implementation, all the programmes covered the case management steps. In 14 out of 25 programmes, case management was carried out without additional intervention, the other programmes provided mainly education and training for informal caregivers. Costs of the case management interventions were stated in more than half of the programmes.The effectiveness and generalisability of dementia‐specific case management interventions could be enhanced if the framework introduced in the review was used in the future by policy, practice and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Hong Kong, death and dying are identified as a crucial public health issue, and as the healthcare system has developed, there has been a shift of some care for dying people and their families to cross‐disciplinary collaboration in community settings. This shift enhances the salience of social relationships in non‐medical forms of community‐based end‐of‐life (EOL) care. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to knowledge about relational development in this regard. Abductive grounded theory methodology was used to examine the complex dynamics and mechanisms involved in cultivating mutuality between dying people (and their families) and volunteers and professionals in two community‐based EOL social service agencies in Hong Kong. Qualitative data were collected between June and December 2019 using in‐depth interviews with 14 agency practitioners and two theoretically sampled service users. Theoretical coding followed open coding to reach theoretical saturation. Cultivating mutuality was found to entail processes of finding social commonalities (and hiding differences), immersing in routines, supporting actualisation (granting the wishes of dying persons and their families) and engaging with clients' emotions (encouraging emotional release, demonstrating emotional involvement and actively listening). Findings offered a novel symbolic interactive and relational understanding of community EOL care practice. Contributions include theorising social processes in an intermediate stage of social capital and compassionate community development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is known and objective: Use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) remains common in older adults, despite the easy availability of screening tools such as the Beers and Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria. Multiple published studies have implemented these screening tools to encourage deprescribing of PIMs, with mixed results. Little is known about the reasons behind the success or failure of these interventions, or what could be done to improve their impact. Implementation science (IS) provides a set of theories, models and frameworks to address these questions. The goal of this study was to conduct a focused narrative review of the deprescribing literature through an IS lens—to determine the extent to which implementation factors were identified and the intermediate steps in the intervention were measured. A better understanding of the existing literature, including its gaps, may provide a roadmap for future research. Methods: PubMed search from 2000‐2019 using appropriate MeSH headings. Inclusion criteria: controlled trials or prospective cohort studies intended to reduce PIMs in the elderly that used hospitalizations and/or emergency department visits as outcome measures. Studies were reviewed to identify potential implementation factors (known as determinants), using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) as a guide. In addition, intermediate outcomes were extracted. Results and discussion: Of the 548 reviewed abstracts, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria and underwent detailed analysis. Of the 14 studies, 10 acknowledged potential implementation determinants that could be mapped onto CFIR. The most commonly identified determinant was the degree of pharmacist integration into the medical team (seven of 14 studies), which mapped onto the CFIR construct of 'networks and communication'. Several important CFIR constructs were absent in the reviewed literature. Intermediate measures were captured by 12 of the 14 reviewed papers, but the choice of measures was inconsistent across studies. What is new and conclusion: In recent high‐quality studies of deprescribing interventions, we found limited acknowledgement of factors known to be important to successful implementation and inconsistent reporting of intermediate outcomes. These findings indicate missed opportunities to understand the factors underlying study outcomes. As a result, we run the risk of rejecting worthwhile interventions due to negative results, when the correct interpretation might be that they failed in implementation. In other words, they were 'lost in translation'. Studies that rigorously examine and report on the implementation process are needed to tease apart this important distinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal health budgets (PHBs) are being promoted in England as expanding the benefits of choice and control to individuals with healthcare needs. National Health Service (NHS) money is provided to eligible people to use as set out in approved care plans, including direct employment of personal assistants (PAs). The government plans to increase NHS‐funded PHBs and to further introduce integrated personal budgets (IPBs). This potentially creates more demand for directly employed or self‐employed PAs with health‐related skills. The objective of this paper is to report findings from interviews with PAs (n = 105) and key informants (n = 26) from across England, undertaken between October 2016 and August 2017, about the potential for the PA workforce to undertake 'health‐related' tasks as facilitated by the introduction of PHBs. PAs were purposefully recruited to ensure the sample included participants from different geographical locations. Key informants were purposefully selected based on their knowledge of policy and community services. Data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. This paper focuses on reporting qualitative findings, which are set within the theoretical framework of normalisation process theory to explore implementation challenges of PHBs. The majority (64%) of PAs confirmed that they saw their current roles as congruent with PHBs, were willing to engage with PHBs and undertake health‐related tasks. However, 74% of PAs said they would need additional training if enacting such roles. Key informant interviews appraised the development of PHBs as complex, noting incongruences arising from NHS and social care‐funded PAs carrying out similar roles within different organisational systems. We conclude the current PA workforce is willing to take on PHB work and is likely to interweave this with work funded by PBs and self‐funding care users. Implications include the need for careful consideration of training requirements and delivery for PHB‐funded PAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the psychological strengths we identified from interviews with community dwelling older adults. Data for this paper is drawn from participants in a community dwelling older adult study. The latter involved qualitative in‐depth interviews with the participants exploring their well‐being. All participants were community dwelling and living in a region in the North Island of New Zealand. Interviews took place between March 2017 to September 2017. Thirty‐seven older adults between the ages of 66–99 took part in semi‐structured interviews and all interviews were audio‐recorded. Interviews ranged from 1 to 3 hr. Analysis was informed by the Values in Action Character strengths framework. We were able to identify strengths within the VIA conceptual framework comprising; cognitive strengths, emotional strengths, social and community strengths, protective strengths and transcendental strengths. Throughout this study we found that participants experienced difficulties in identifying and talking about their strengths. In many ways this may reflect participants' strength of humility, demonstrating modesty in talking about themselves. This study has highlighted the challenges older adults experienced in identifying their own strengths. However, the study has demonstrated how narratives can be one way of uncovering psychological strengths with older adults. In particular, these findings highlight the range of strengths, for example, bravery, gratitude, hope, humour, kindness, perseverance, spirituality, that older adults have and give a voice in highlighting these. However, more practical ways of making strength‐based practices workable in daily practice, for example, in clinical assessment and health promotion programs are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Innovation ability is an important part of children's core literacy and the core goal of science curriculum. As one of the important contents of scientific literacy, innovation ability is the key ability of young children to make informed decisions when facing scientific problems in social and personal life. In order to adapt to the future life, it is very important for children to have the ability to innovate. This research will provide a reference for the cultivation of children's innovative ability. Method. In the process of database design, certain design principles need to be followed. In this paper, the system and user experience are greatly optimized by reasonably constructing table structure, allocating storage space, and establishing indexes. In this system, the MySQL database is used to store system data, such as user registration information, subscription information, and system-provided services, and the data uploaded by users that needs to be processed is stored in Hive. Although the GFP algorithm can solve the problem of load balancing, when the largest conditional pattern base of a frequent item is projected to other nodes, a large amount of data transmission will occur, resulting in increased communication between nodes. In order to solve this problem, the FP-growth parallel algorithm based on traffic optimization gives priority to assigning each frequent item to the node that needs the least traffic when grouping it. Results/Discussion. Experiments show that the TFP algorithm not only satisfies the load balance of nodes but also ensures a small amount of communication between nodes, which is more efficient than the traditional FP-growth parallel algorithm. The survey results of the influencing factors of children's innovation ability match the theoretical hypothesis, and different influencing factors have different effects on each dimension of children's innovation ability. Through the basic fit index of the model, the evaluation of the external quality of the model and the test of the internal quality of the model, it is shown that the survey results of the influencing factors of children's innovation ability match the theoretical hypothesis. The three influencing factors of family participation and investment, teacher teaching, and peer collaboration and communication have a positive role in promoting children's innovation ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The car chassis design concept is an important part of the car design process. Analyzing the car chassis structure in the conceptual design process is of great significance for improving the efficiency and accuracy of car chassis design. This paper takes SUV models as the research object and uses SFE CONCEPT software to realize the mathematical modeling and multivariate optimization of the SUV chassis structure. The concept of "implicit" parameterization and the concept of "CAE analysis-driven design" are adopted to quickly realize large-scale geometric transformation and consistency of interconnection, while achieving automated production and grid parameters. Through this research, it can be found that in the concept development stage of the vehicle chassis structure, the CAE performance analysis is introduced into the early development stage as soon as possible; combined with the implicit parametric design method, it can quickly and effectively realize the exploration and optimization of a larger range of structures. In addition, the SFE CONCEPT software used in this article can create parametric structural models, and combined with automatic meshing technology, it can realize continuous changes of topology variables, shape variables, size variables, and material variables, and compare the design results with the detailed design results to confirm the feasibility of the design. In addition, the experimental test shows that the success rate of SFE CONCEPT and other CAD software docking reaches 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomedical named entity recognition (BioNER) from clinical texts is a fundamental task for clinical data analysis due to the availability of large volume of electronic medical record data, which are mostly in free text format, in real-world clinical settings. Clinical text data incorporates significant phenotypic medical entities (e.g., symptoms, diseases, and laboratory indexes), which could be used for profiling the clinical characteristics of patients in specific disease conditions (e.g., Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)). However, general BioNER approaches mostly rely on coarse-grained annotations of phenotypic entities in benchmark text dataset. Owing to the numerous negation expressions of phenotypic entities (e.g., "no fever," "no cough," and "no hypertension") in clinical texts, this could not feed the subsequent data analysis process with well-prepared structured clinical data. In this paper, we developed Human-machine Cooperative Phenotypic Spectrum Annotation System (http://www.tcmai.org/login, HCPSAS) and constructed a fine-grained Chinese clinical corpus. Thereafter, we proposed a phenotypic named entity recognizer: Phenonizer, which utilized BERT to capture character-level global contextual representation, extracted local contextual features combined with bidirectional long short-term memory, and finally obtained the optimal label sequences through conditional random field. The results on COVID-19 dataset show that Phenonizer outperforms those methods based on Word2Vec with an F1-score of 0.896. By comparing character embeddings from different data, it is found that character embeddings trained by clinical corpora can improve F -score by 0.0103. In addition, we evaluated Phenonizer on two kinds of granular datasets and proved that fine-grained dataset can boost methods' F1-score slightly by about 0.005. Furthermore, the fine-grained dataset enables methods to distinguish between negated symptoms and presented symptoms. Finally, we tested the generalization performance of Phenonizer, achieving a superior F1-score of 0.8389. In summary, together with fine-grained annotated benchmark dataset, Phenonizer proposes a feasible approach to effectively extract symptom information from Chinese clinical texts with acceptable performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to systematically examine perceptions of nurses and physicians on pay‐for‐performance in hospital. Background: Pay‐for‐performance projects have proliferated over the past two decades, most systematic reviews of which solely focused on its effectiveness in primary health care and the physicians' or nurses' attitudes. However, systematic reviews of qualitative approaches for better examining perceptions of both nurses and physicians in hospital were lacking. Evaluation: Electronic databases were systematically searched with date from the inception to 31 December 2020. Meta‐aggregation synthesis methodology and the conceptual framework of the theory of planned behaviour were used to summarize findings. Key issues: A total of nine studies were included. Three major synthesized themes were identified: (1) perceptions of the motivation effects and positive outcomes, (2) perceptions about the design defects and negative effects and (3) perceptions of the obstacles in the implementation process. Conclusion: To maximize the intended positive effects, nurses' and physicians' perceptions should be considered and incorporated into the project design and implementation stage. Implications for Nursing Management: The paper gives enlightenment to nurse managers on improving and advancing the cause of nurses when planning for or evaluating their institutions' policies on pay‐for‐performance in the future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aims to explore a proposed translational research continuum for nurse practitioners. Background: Nurse practitioners are acknowledged as clinical leaders responsible for transforming health care delivery. It is important that nurse practitioners contribute to health care knowledge using scientific processes for the implementation of evidence‐based practice and evaluation of outcomes of interventions for their patient groups. Evaluation: This paper provides a review of translational research literature including implementation science to align nurse practitioner activities to a modified translational research framework. Key Issues: A translational research framework has the potential to strengthen nursing research in the nurse practitioner role. Adapting an accepted translational research continuum for nurse practitioners places the clinical nursing leaders in an equitable research position with all health care professionals. Implications for Nursing Management: The translational research continuum provides nursing management with a structure to benchmark nursing research. The continuum applies a modern research framework to support research engagement for the nurse practitioner role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulse signal analysis plays an important role in promoting the objectification of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Like electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, wrist pulse signals are mainly caused by cardiac activities and are valuable in analyzing cardiac diseases. A large number of studies have reported ECG signals can distinguish gender characteristics of normal healthy subjects using entropy complexity measures, consistently showing more complexity in females than males. No research up to date, however, has been found on examining gender differences with wrist pulse signals of healthy subjects on entropy complexity measures. This paper is aimed to fill in the research gap, which could, in turn, provide a deeper insight into the pulse signal and might identify potential differences between ECG signals and pulse signals. In particular, several complementary entropy measures with corresponding refined composite multiscale versions are established to perform the analysis for the filtered TCM pulse signals. Experimental results reveal that regardless of entropy measures used, there is no statistically significant gender difference in terms of entropy complexity, indicating that the pulse signal holds less gender characteristics than the ECG signal. In view of these findings, wrist pulse signals could be likely to provide different pieces of information to ECG signals. The present study is the first to quantitatively evaluate gender differences in healthy pulse signals with measures of entropy complexity and more importantly; we expect this study could make contribution to the ongoing pulse intelligent diagnosis and objective analysis, further facilitating the modernization of TCM pulse diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In England, care to support people living at home is largely commissioned by local authorities (statutory organisations with responsibility for social care in specific localities) from non‐statutory home‐care providers (for‐profit, not‐for‐profit, voluntary). This paper explores how managers of these services perceive commissioning arrangements and their impact on home‐care providers, the care workforce and service users. Little formal research of providers' experiences of working with local authorities in a commissioning model is available. A qualitative study employed semi‐structured telephone interviews with 20 managers of for‐profit home‐care providers from 10 selected local authority areas in England. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify main and subsidiary themes. Home‐care providers reported operating in a complex and changeable partnership with commissioners, characterised by: (a) relationships ranging from transactional to collaborative, (b) providers expressing a strong sense of public service motivation, (c) commissioning practices that were complex to negotiate, time‐consuming and overly prescriptive, (d) frequent changes in commissioning practices and a perceived lack of strategic planning, which were reported as contributing to uncertainty and tension for providers and confusion for service users. Attempting to operate a market model with tightly prescribed contracts is likely to be unsustainable. An alternative approach based on a collaborative model of joint responsibility for providing home care is recommended drawing on a conceptual framework of principal–steward relationships in contracting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing interest in English-speaking jurisdictions, including Australia, North America, Canada, the United Kingdom and New Zealand, about the prevention of sexual abuse perpetrated by children against other children. The aim of this review was to identify opportunities for research, policy and practice which could enhance the prevention agenda relating to the perpetration of sexual abuse by children through conducting a Critical Interpretive Synthesis. Eleven electronic databases were searched in the period from 22 April to 23 May 2013 and included: SocINDEX, Social Services Abstracts, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Family and Society Studies Worldwide, Project Muse, PsychINFO, Family and Society Plus, Jstor, Expanded Academic ASAP, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Key individual journals were also searched, including Child Abuse and Neglect and the Journal of Interpersonal Violence, as well as the grey literature. The search was guided by the research question: How could the prevention agenda relating to sexual abuse perpetrated by children be enhanced? The systematic literature search yielded 3323 titles, and 34 of these papers were included in the final synthesis. The authors identified five domains operating in the evidence base: characteristics, causes, communications, interventions and treatments. A synthesising construct emerged from the review: prevention-enhancing interactions. This construct referred to the potential for enhancing the prevention agenda which exists as the evidence domains interact with one another, and with the public health model of prevention. The authors consider this review to be a timely contribution to the current agenda pertaining to sexual abuse perpetrated by children. It provides researchers, policy makers and practitioners in the field with an evidence-informed conceptualisation of opportunities for enhancing prevention work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain tumor is a fatal disease, caused by the growth of abnormal cells in the brain tissues. Therefore, early and accurate detection of this disease can save patient's life. This paper proposes a novel framework for the detection of brain tumor using magnetic resonance (MR) images. The framework is based on the fully convolutional neural network (FCNN) and transfer learning techniques. The proposed framework has five stages which are preprocessing, skull stripping, CNN-based tumor segmentation, postprocessing, and transfer learning-based brain tumor binary classification. In preprocessing, the MR images are filtered to eliminate the noise and are improve the contrast. For segmentation of brain tumor images, the proposed CNN architecture is used, and for postprocessing, the global threshold technique is utilized to eliminate small nontumor regions that enhanced segmentation results. In classification, GoogleNet model is employed on three publicly available datasets. The experimental results depict that the proposed method is achieved average accuracies of 96.50%, 97.50%, and 98% for segmentation and 96.49%, 97.31%, and 98.79% for classification of brain tumor on BRATS2018, BRATS2019, and BRATS2020 datasets, respectively. The outcomes demonstrate that the proposed framework is effective and efficient that attained high performance on BRATS2020 dataset than the other two datasets. According to the experimentation results, the proposed framework outperforms other recent studies in the literature. In addition, this research will uphold doctors and clinicians for automatic diagnosis of brain tumor disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim(s) To understand how nurse managers facilitate learning in clinical workplaces. Background: Meeting staff learning needs in the complex workplaces of contemporary health care is paramount to the delivery of safe patient care. Hospitals employ a range of strategies to address these needs. However, nurse managers' contribution to staff learning at the unit level is underexplored in contemporary literature. Method(s): A Gadamerian philosophical hermeneutic framework guided data collection and analysis. Thirteen nurse managers from two Australian hospitals each participated in two interviews and a period of observation. Findings Nurse managers' learning facilitation practices were enacted with staff individually, within teams, and through artefacts, and were shaped by their identities, perspectives on staff learning, knowledge of staff performance, and motivations. Power was revealed as a uniquely enacted driver of their learning facilitation practices. Conclusion(s): This paper illuminates an aspect of nurse managers' practice that has been poorly acknowledged in contemporary nursing literature. Nurse managers' learning facilitation practices were found to be complex, fluid, and embedded in their everyday work routines. Implications for Nursing Management: Given current concerns about safety and quality in health care, this research opens up possibilities for definition and enrichment of nurse managers' practice as facilitators of learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer diagnosis is a critical step in clinical decision making, and this is achieved by making a pathological slide and gives a decision by the doctors, which is the method of final decision making for cancer diagnosis. Traditionally, the doctors usually check the pathological images by visual inspection under the microscope. Whole-slide images (WSIs) have supported the state-of-the-art diagnosis results and have been admitted as the gold standard clinically. However, this task is time-consuming and labour-intensive, and all of these limitations make low efficiency in decision making. Medical image processing protocols have been used for this task during the last decades and have obtained satisfactory results under some conditions; especially in the deep learning era, it has exhibited the advantages than those in the shallow learning period. In this paper, we proposed a novel breast cancer region mining framework based on deep pyramid architecture from multilevel and multiscale breast pathological WSIs. We incorporate the tissue- and cell-level information together and integrate these into a LSTM model for the final sequence modelling, which successfully keeps the WSIs' integration and is not mentioned by the prevalence frameworks. The experiment results demonstrated that our proposed framework greatly improved the detection accuracy than that only using tissue-level information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]