Search

• Complement system proteins and their regulators promote tumor growth. • Its activation is an important prerequisite for role in tumor growth and anti-tumor response. • Its contradictory role in cancer might be a very crucial factor for the positive outcomes of immunotherapies. • Complement resistance not only influences the course of disease but also the patients' prognosis. Complement system proteins, their regulators and endpoint effector complex significantly promote tumor growth by upregulation of oncogenic growth factors, activation of mitogenic signalling pathways and breakage of normal cell cycle. Contrastingly, complement cascades, initiated by anti-tumor therapeutic antibodies, also play a pivotal role in therapy response. This contradictory role of complement system possibly be a very crucial factor for the outcomes of antibody mediated immunotherapies. Herein, we reviewed the twin role of the complement system in cancer and also the genetic variations in complement system genes. Future studies should be focused on the biomarker discovery for the personalised cancer immunotherapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, recombinant protein production has been done in several expression hosts of bacteria, fungi, and majorly CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells; few have high production costs and are susceptible to harmful toxin contamination. Green algae have the potential to produce recombinant proteins in a more sustainable manner. Microalgal diversity leads to offer excellent opportunities to produce glycosylated antibodies. An antibody with humanized glycans plays a crucial role in cellular communication that works to regulate cells and molecules, to control disease, and to stimulate immunity. Therefore, it becomes necessary to understand the role of abiotic factors (light, temperature, pH, etc.) in the production of bioactive molecules and molecular mechanisms of product synthesis from microalgae which would lead to harnessing the potential of algal bio-refinery. However, the potential of microalgae as the source of bio-refinery has been less explored. In the present review, omics approaches for microalgal engineering, methods of humanized glycoproteins production focusing majorly on N-glycosylation pathways, light-based regulation of glycosylation machinery, and production of antibodies with humanized glycans in microalgae with a major emphasis on modulation of post-translation machinery of microalgae which might play a role in better understanding of microalgal potential as a source for antibody production along with future perspectives. (created with BioRender.com) [Display omitted] • Microalgae are an attractive source for the production of monoclonal antibodies and bioactives. • Glycosylation is a functionally important process of post-translational modification. • N and O-glycosylation pathways are needed to be synchronized for humanized glycans. • Optogenetic regulation of glycosylation machinery of microalgae holds potential. • Optobiotechnological approaches for modulation of N and O-glycosylation pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]